Abstract: A door mounting structure for an air conditioning system is disclosed. An axial end portion (121B) of a door (120) arranged in a case (110) is journaled rotatably on a bearing portion (111B) of the case (110). The forward end of the bearing portion (121B) is inserted into the bearing portion (111B) in such a manner as to be projected out of the case (110). In order to secure a predetermined clearance between the bearing portion (111B) and the axial end portion (121B), the bore of the bearing portion (111B) is larger than the diameter of the axial end portion (121B). A fixing member (130) is inserted into the portion of the secured clearance and fixed on the axial end portion (121B) or the bearing portion (111B). The insertability of the axial end portion into the air-conditioning case is improved and a defect such as an insertion failure is prevented.

Abstract: A high water-containing electrolyte with higher electrical conductivity for an electrolytic capacitor, which includes a solvent made of 65% to 100% by weight of water and 35% to 0% by weight of organic solvent and an alkanolamine compound additive. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor using as its electrolyte has low impedance and excellent low-temperature stability and high-temperature prolonged life and shelf life.

Abstract: A material comprising a resin comprising unsaturated vinyl units and a magnetic material; a spherical composite composition, which is produced by a simple production process having high productivity without the need of two or more production steps; and a process of producing the spherical composite composition are set forth. The spherical composite composition can be obtained by adding a magnetic material to an aqueous medium having a resin dispersed therein, dispersing the material in the medium, and then forming the dispersion into particles by spray drying.

Abstract: A working fluid for a heat pipe includes a liquid solvent; a plurality of nano-particles dispersed in the liquid solvent; and a polymer stability agent configured for preventing the nano-particles from aggregating in the liquid solvent. A method for manufacturing the working fluid includes the steps of: providing a vessel containing a liquid solvent containing a polymer stability agent dispersed therein, the polymer stability agent being configured for preventing the created nano-particles from aggregating in the liquid solvent; arranging a target in the liquid solvent; and bombarding the target to create nano-particles, whereupon the nano-particles are dispersed into the polar solvent, thereby obtaining the working fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigeration lubricant composition that have necessary properties such as compatibility with a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, thermal stability, hydrolytic stability and low-temperature fluidity, and good lubricity, and has high stability under low temperature conditions so that crystals are prevented from being precipitated over a long term. The refrigeration lubricant includes an ester obtained from a mixed alcohol and a mixed carboxylic acid, wherein the mixed alcohol consists of 65 to 99.95 mol % of pentaerythritol and 0.05 to 35 mol % of dipentaerythritol, the mixed carboxylic acid consists of n-pentanoic acid, n-heptanoic acid, and isononanoic acid, the molar ratio of the n-pentanoic acid to the n-heptanoic acid is 0.3 or more and 10 or less, and the isononanoic acid is contained in the mixed carboxylic acid at a ratio of 10 mol % or more and 45 mol % or less.

Abstract: This application discloses a high performance hydraulic fluid suitable for use as an aircraft hydraulic fluid comprising a major amount of tri(n-butyl)phosphate, a minor amount of a triaryl phosphate and optionally a minor amount of tri(isobutyl)phosphate. The compositions of this invention provide superior performance with respect to flash and fire points as well as extended useful fluid life in service. Such properties are highly valuable as hydraulic fluids modem jet aircrafts.

Abstract: Pulverulent mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and hydrophobised silicon dioxide are used for the controlled release of hydrogen peroxide and/or oxygen. The controlled release can take place in a time-delayed manner or by the application of pressure. Hydrogen peroxide can be released into aqueous or pulverulent media and in emulsions, gels, creams or pastes.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in a method for transporting charge using the molecular orientation in a liquid-crystalline state, a novel benzene derivative having a long, linear conjugated structure expected to have satisfactory charge-transport properties without photoexcitation, a process for producing the benzene derivative, and a liquid-crystal material including the benzene derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-luminescent material, which is characterized in that it comprises a liquid crystalline mixture containing at least one liquid crystalline compound with a negative dielectric anisotropy, to an electro-luminescent device containing such an electro-luminescent material as well as to a method of preparation such a device.

Abstract: Dielectrically positive liquid crystalline media comprising a dielectrically neutral component, component A, comprising a dielectrically neutral compound of formula I wherein the parameters have the meaning given in the specification, in a high concentration, and a dielectrically positive component, component B, comprising one or more dielectrically positive compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of more than 3, are described. Also described are liquid crystal displays comprising these media, especially to active matrix displays and in particular TN and to IPS displays.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing compounds represented by the formula (1-1) and the formula (1-2), compounds represented by the formula (2-1) and the formula (2-2), and a compound represented by the formula (3-1): the polymerizable liquid crystal composition having homogeneous, homeotropic, or hybrid alignment, which can be coated on a support substrate, for example, of a transparent plastic film such as a triacetyl cellulose film or cycloolefin polymer film, or glass, and is aligned on a substrate as a polymer film while maintaining the alignment.

Abstract: FORMULATION OF A LIQUID COMPOSITION TO FORM AN ELECTRICAL INSULATOR, AN ANTIOXIDANT OR A DEGREASER, obtained from the combination of by-products with mineral origin, whose formulation shall vary to meet different characteristics, becoming an electrical insulator, an antioxidant or a degreaser, ideal for different applications, the basic formula comprising: tetrachlorethylen, Mineral oil, methyl cellulose carboxy and 5 to 7% depropylen glycol (methylen chloride).

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation curable conductive ink and a manufacturing method for conductive substrate using the conductive ink, wherein components of the radiation curable conductive ink contain at least conductive powder having a covering layer and a photosensitive binder. The radiation curable conductive ink is printed on surface of a substrate using a screen printing method, and a chemical crosslinking reaction is achieved by irradiating the conductive ink with ultraviolet ray, visible light or electron beam, thereby forming a conductive substrate. The conductive substrate is particularly applicable for use in laminate type electronic devices, including radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna, printed-circuit boards, smart cards (non-contact chip cards) components, smart labels, printed electronics, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) and anti-electrostatic materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of sulphonic, phosphonic and phosphoric acids functionalized with plasticizing groups as dopants for conductive polyaniline films and for conductive polyaniline-based composite materials. These acids correspond to the following formula (I): in which: R1 represents —SO2(OH) or —PO(OH)2 or —OPO(OH)2; the R2 groups, which are identical or different, represent a hydrocarbonaceous group, such as a 2-ethylhexyl, butoxyethyl or isopropylbenzyl group; R3 and R4 independently represent a direct bond or a hydrocarbonaceous group, such as a methylene group.

Abstract: A small vehicle jack, having the ability to lift vehicles having a variety of wheel bases, and axle configurations. A support frame provides stability for a vertical bar, which supports a winch means. The winch means raises a lifting frame using a strap means, and the lifting frame which follows the vertical bar using an improved sleeve means, in which rollers are used on either side of the vertical bar. The jack may have adjustable and detachable wheel support means, in which the wheels of the vehicle are used as the contact points to raise the vehicle. The jack may also be used without wheel support means, but instead use hook means to attach to an axle.

Abstract: A small vehicle jack, having the ability to lift vehicles having a variety of wheel bases, and axle configurations. A support frame provides stability for a vertical bar, which supports a winch means. The winch means raises a lifting frame using a strap means, and the lifting frame which follows the vertical bar using an improved sleeve means, in which rollers are used on either side of the vertical bar. The jack may have adjustable and detachable wheel support means, in which the wheels of the vehicle are used as the contact points to raise the vehicle. The jack may also be used without wheel support means, but instead use hook means to attach to an axle. Also provided are adjustable support members, which can be placed directly under the lifting frame and support the lifting frame while in an elevated position. The axle of a vehicle being lifted, is further secured using a protruding prong, and extends outward from the lifting frame members.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self locking hydraulic jack for lifting an automobile provided with an arm lock mechanism and foot pedal so that the lifting arm is prevented from inadvertently falling from mechanical failure or due to loss of hydraulic pressure. The safety to the user of the garage jack is enhanced. Additionally, self locking hydraulic jack is provided with a foot pedal for ease of activation or de-activation.

Abstract: A locking device for a hydraulic floor jack includes a base member attached to a pair of spaced side plates of such jack. An elongated ratchet member is mounted for linear movement within the base member and is attached to a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder and to a load lifting linkage. A shaft is pivotally mounted to the base member and a holding pawl is secured to the shaft for rotation therewith. The holding pawl is engageably cooperative with the ratchet member for retaining such load lifting linkage in the elevated position upon termination of a manual actuating effort. A release foot pedal or a release lever is connected to the shaft and manually operable to at least move the holding pawl away from engagement with the ratchet member and enable movement of the load lifting linkage into the lowered position.

Abstract: A lumber tool for forcing a wooden member supported on a supporting member into fixed position with an adjoining wooden member attached to the supporting member. The tool comprises a U-shaped frame conforming to the top edge and adjacent sides of the supporting member; a locking member attached to the frame for releasably holding the frame in fixed position relative to the supporting member; a push bar slideably attached to the frame for engaging the wooden member to move it into fixed position with the adjoining wooden member; and a leverage handle pivotally attached to the frame and to the push bar so that when the locking member is engaged to hold the frame in fixed position relative to the supporting member and the leverage handle is moved forward, the push bar slides and engages the wooden member and moves it into fixed position with the adjoining wooden member so that it can be affixed to the supporting member.

Abstract: An integrated air compressor and winch is provided that utilizes a single source of rotary motive power for driving both a winch drum and compressor mechanism. The integrated air compressor and winch is preferably provided with a gear case that is operable to provide an appropriate gear reduction for driving the winch drum while providing an appropriate drive speed for operating the compressor.

Abstract: A winch barrel provides adequate diameter and length to retain a connecting cable in a single layer. The barrel is grooved in a spiral pattern so that the cable is controlled in winding onto the barrel. A pinch roller prevents freewheeling of the cable off the barrel.

Abstract: Plastic panels are thermoformed to include a variety of three-dimensional features resembling masonry patterns, various types of walls, and fencing sections. The thermoformed panels are incorporated into fencing and wall assemblies. A fencing assembly includes plastic panels thermoformed to resemble a plurality of stakes. Panels are disposed between a pair of posts with side portions configured to overlap. Each stake includes a top return projecting rearwardly. Horizontal reinforcements couple the panels to the posts. A double-sided wall assembly employs plastic panels thermoformed to resemble bricks and other wall patterns. Each sub-assembly includes a pair of panels coupled to a frame in a back-to-back arrangement. The sub-assemblies are disposed side-by-side in between a pair of posts.

Abstract: Disclosed are a phase change RAM device and a method for fabricating a phase change RAM device, which can efficiently lower intensity of current required for changing a phase of a phase change layer. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate formed with an insulating interlayer including a tungsten plug, forming a first oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, forming a pad-type bottom electrode, which makes contact with the tungsten plug, in the first oxide layer, forming a second oxide layer on the first oxide layer including the bottom electrode, and forming a porous polystyrene pattern on the second oxide layer such that a predetermined portion of the second oxide layer corresponding to a center portion of the bottom electrode is covered with the porous polystyrene pattern.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is equipped with a GaN substrate; an n-type AlxGa1-xN layer on a first main surface side of the GaN substrate; a p-type AlxGa1-xN layer positioned further away from the GaN substrate than the n-type AlxGa1-xN layer; and a multi-quantum well (MQW) positioned between the n-type AlxGa1-xN layer and the p-type AlxGa1-xN layer. In the light-emitting device, the p-type AlxGa1-xN layer side is down-mounted and light is emitted from a second main surface, which is the main surface opposite from the first main surface of the GaN substrate. The second main surface of the GaN substrate includes a region on which cavities and projections are formed. Also, the light-emitting device includes an n-electrode formed on the second main surface of the GaN substrate 1 and a protective film formed to cover the side wall of the n-electrode.

Abstract: A method for forming non-polar (Al,B,In,Ga)N quantum well and heterostructure materials and devices. Non-polar (11{overscore (2)}0) a-plane GaN layers are grown on an r-plane (1{overscore (1)}02) sapphire substrate using MOCVD. These non-polar (11{overscore (2)}0) a-plane GaN layers comprise templates for producing non-polar (Al, B, In, Ga)N quantum well and heterostructure materials and devices.

Abstract: Nanotube transistors are coated with optically responsive agents to form optoelectronic detectors. In response to illumination, an electronic property of the inventive detector changes from one value to another. It retains the new value when the illumination is removed, so that the detector remembers having been illuminated. The detector can be reset by changing a gate voltage. Spectral response of the detectors can be changed by using different agents as coating. Multiple detectors with different agents can be combined on one substrate to form a combined detector that discriminates between radiation of different wavelengths.

Abstract: Regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) and other polythiophenes can be prepared by living polymerization which have good solubility, processability and environmental stability. The polymerization method can afford regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) in high yields. Kinetic study of polymerization revealed the living character of this process. The molecular weight of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) is a function of the molar ratio of the monomer to nickel initiator, and conducting polymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI<1.5) are now readily available. Sequential monomer addition resulted in new block copolymers containing different poly(3-alkylthiophene) segments, which further confirms the “livingness” of this system. Other synthetic methods can be used as well to conduct living polymerization. Blends and electronic devices can be prepared.

Abstract: A functional molecular element with a reduced contact resistance between the constituting molecule and the electrode, a method for production thereof, and a functional molecular device are provided herein. The method consists of the following steps. A closely adhering molecular monolayer is formed on the surface of the electrodes from a ?-electron conjugated molecule (one species of linear tetrapyrrole) composed of the porphyrin-like nearly discoid skeleton and the flexible side chains (alkyl chains). A ?-electron conjugated molecule of the same species as the one or different species from the one is piled on the monolayer by ?-? stacking to form the array structure. As the result of the foregoing steps, the ?-electron conjugated molecule constituting the first molecular layer of the array structure takes on such a configuration that the flexible side chains adsorb to the surface of the electrode and the discoid skeleton orients parallel to and adheres to the surface of the electrode.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion layer comprising a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein V1, V2, V3 and V4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: A method for processing a semiconductor structure includes the steps of capping a top surface of the semiconductor structure that defines the metallization layer with a thin stop layer, forming a dielectric layer over the thin stop layer, wherein the dielectric layer defines at least one area where the thin stop layer is exposed, and removing the exposed thin stop layer to expose a top surface of the metallization layer using etchant gases substantially free from oxygen, so that the metallization layer is substantially free of damage.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an integrated circuit (or constituent parts thereof), a computer program implementing the method, and a computer configured to execute the program is disclosed. Analyzing the integrated circuit may include retrieving a design for the integrated circuit from a layout database, identifying the bond pads and gates included in the design of the integrated circuit, determining the connections between the bond pads and the gates, and determining whether a connection between a particular gate and a particular bond pad lacks a connection segment routed over a required layer.

Abstract: The invention discloses a switching element of a pixel electrode for a display device and methods for fabricating the same. A gate is formed on a substrate. A first copper silicide layer is formed on the gate. An insulating layer is formed on the first copper silicide layer. A semiconductor layer is formed on the insulating layer. A source and a drain are formed on the semiconductor layer. Moreover, a second copper silicide layer is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer and the source/drain.

Abstract: A thin film transistor is provided in a vicinity of a crossing region of scanning and the data lines on a first substrate. A pixel electrode is connected with the thin film transistor. A transparent electroconductive layer which is applied with a common potential is provided between the pixel electrodes and the scanning lines and data lines to cover the scanning and date lines, is superimposed on peripheral portions of the pixel electrodes on both sides. An insulating film is formed between the pixel electrodes and the electroconductive layer. An opposed electrode is formed on a second substrate to correspond to the pixel electrodes. A liquid crystal is provided between the pixel electrodes and opposed electrode.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a plurality of picture element regions each defined by a first electrode provided on a face of a first substrate facing a liquid crystal layer and a second electrode provided on a second substrate so as to oppose the first electrode via the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween. In each of the picture element regions, the first electrode has a plurality of openings and a solid portion, the liquid crystal layer is in a vertical orientation state when no voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a plurality of liquid crystal domains each in a radially-inclined orientation state are respectively formed in the plurality of openings and the solid portion by inclined electrode fields generated at respective edge portions of the openings of the first electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a TFT including at least one LDD region in a self-alignment manner without forming a sidewall spacer and increasing the number of manufacturing steps. A photomask or a reticle provided with an assist pattern that is formed of a diffraction grating pattern or a semi-transmitting film and has a function of reducing light intensity is employed in a photolithography step of forming a gate electrode, an asymmetrical resist pattern having a region with a thick thickness and a region with a thickness thinner than that of the above region on one side is formed, a gate electrode having a stepped portion is formed, and an LDD region is formed in a self-alignment manner by injecting an impurity element to the semiconductor layer through the region with a thin thickness of the gate electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a technique to form a single crystal semiconductor thin film or a substantially single crystal semiconductor thin film. A catalytic element for facilitating crystallization of an amorphous semiconductor thin film is added to the amorphous semiconductor thin film, and a heat treatment is carried out to obtain a crystalline semiconductor thin film. After the crystalline semiconductor thin film is irradiated with ultraviolet light or infrared light, a heat treatment at a temperature of 900 to 1200° C. is carried out in a reducing atmosphere. The surface of the crystalline semiconductor thin film is extremely flattened through this step, defects in crystal grains and crystal grain boundaries disappear, and the single crystal semiconductor thin film or substantially single crystal semiconductor thin film is obtained.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (“TFT”) array panel is provided. The TFT array panel includes an insulation substrate, a gate line formed on the insulation substrate and including a gate electrode, a data line insulated from and intersecting the gate line, and including a source electrode, a drain electrode opposite to the source electrode on the gate line, and a semiconductor formed in a layer between the data line and the gate line, and having a protruding portion extending below the drain electrode, wherein a portion of the semiconductor extending towards the drain electrode, from an area occupied by the data line, is positioned within an occupying area of the gate line including the gate electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a process for production thereof, said semiconductor device having a new electrode structure which has a low resistivity and withstands heat treatment at 400° C. and above. Heat treatment at a high temperature (400-700° C.) is possible because the wiring is made of Ta film or Ta-based film having high heat resistance. This heat treatment permits the gettering of metal element in crystalline silicon film. Since this heat treatment is lower than the temperature which the gate wiring (0.1-5 ?m wide) withstands and the gate wiring is protected with a protective film, the gate wiring retains its low resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides a device comprising a substrate, a first material disposed on the substrate to form a first material layer, a second material disposed on the substrate to form a second material layer, and a nanochannel bounded by the substrate, the first material layer, and the second material layer. The invention further provides a method for manufacturing the aforementioned nanoscale device.

Abstract: A novel NPBL and ANPL light emitting semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. In the present invention, plural nano-particles are applied in the active layer of the light emitting semiconductor device, so that the leakage current thereof is reduced. In addition, the provided light emitting semiconductor device fabricated via a planar technology process is microscopically planar, but not planar at micro- and nano-scale. Hence the parasitic wave guiding effect, which suppresses the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting semiconductor device, is destroyed thereby.

Abstract: A reflection type light-emitting diode device of a kind capable of emitting rays of light to the outside after having been reflected by a reflecting surface includes a recessed casing (22) having a cavity defining the reflecting surface (15) and also having a pair of bearing grooves (17a and 17b) defined in a peripheral wall thereof, a light-emitting element (11), and first and second lead members each made up of a small width lead segment (12a or 12b) having a relatively small width and a large width lead segment (18a or 18b) having a relatively large width, with the light-emitting element (11) mounted on the small width lead segment (12a) of the first lead members. The first and second lead members are fitted to the recessed casing (22) with the small width lead segments (12a and 12b) thereof received immovably within respective bearing grooves (17a and 17b) in the recessed casing.

Abstract: Adhesive-free assembly of the substrate and reflector components of a semiconductor die package is achieved by injection molding the reflector onto a surface of the substrate or by molding the reflector separate from the substrate and securing it in place on the substrate through deformation of a portion of the reflector. The reflector may be made reflective either by molding the reflector using a light scattering material or through the addition of a reflective element, such as a piece of foil material that is secured to the reflector. A variety of interchangeable reflective elements having different surface shapes, and thus different light reflecting properties, may be made.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate that is at least partially transparent to optical radiation and has a first index of refraction. A diode region is disposed on a first surface of the substrate and is configured to emit light responsive to a voltage applied thereto. An encapsulation layer is disposed on a second surface of the substrate and has a second index of refraction. An antireflective layer is disposed between a second surface of the substrate and the encapsulation layer. The antireflective layer has a graded index of refraction having values in a range between about the first index of refraction at a first surface of the antireflective layer and about the second index of refraction at a second surface of the antireflective layer. The encapsulation layer may also be omitted and the antireflective layer may separate the substrate, which has a first index of refraction, from air, which has a second index of refraction. Non “flip-chip” embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A substrate-free LED device is provided. The LED device comprises a substrate, an epitaxial layer disposed on the substrate, a first electrode disposed on a portion of the epitaxial layer, a second electrode disposed on another portion of the epitaxial layer, and a protection layer, disposed over the epitaxial layer. It is noted that in the LED device, the substrate comprises, for example but not limited to, high heat-sink substrate, and the protection layer comprises, for example but not limited to, high heat-sink, high transparent material.

Abstract: A structure of light emitting diode (LED) wafer-level chip scale packaging (WL-CSP) is disclosed. The process of making the same is also provided in this invention. The LED CSP utilizes the through hole metal filling to enhance heat conduction between the LED die and its carrier substrate. The CSP structure is achieved by bonding pre-processed through-hole-filling carrier substrate against the flip-chip LED wafer.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is provided. The light emitting diode includes a semiconductor layer that forms a light emitting diode structure and has a major face and an end face inclined at an angle ?1 to the major face, and a reflector that is provided outside the end face with being opposed to the end face, and includes at least a portion inclined at an angle ?2 to the major face, the angle ?2 being smaller than the angle ?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a white light-emitting diode which emits white light by combining a blue light emitted from a light-emitting diode chip for emitting the blue light, with a light that is emitted through being excited by the blue light emitted from the light-emitting diode chip; and a manufacturing method therefor: and provides a white light-emitting diode which reproduces white light in a wide range while securing equal luminescent brightness to a light-emitting diode using a conventional YAG fluophor; and a manufacturing method therefor. The white light-emitting diode has a fluophor prepared by blending two fluorescent materials of a first fluorescent material which emits yellowish green light through being excited by the blue light emitted from the light-emitting diode chip, and a second fluorescent material which emits red light through being excited by the blue light emitted from the light-emitting diode chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vertically-structured nitride semiconductor light emitting diode. The vertically-structured nitride semiconductor light emitting diode includes an n-type electrode; an n-type nitride semiconductor layer that is formed on the lower surface of the n-type electrode and on which surface texturing with a diffraction grating structure is formed, the diffraction grating structure composed of more than one line; an active layer that is formed on the lower surface of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer; a p-type nitride semiconductor layer that is formed on the lower surface of the active layer; and a p-type electrode that is formed on the lower surface of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A power rectifier and its manufacturing method are proposed in the present invention. A cylinder-shaped PN junction is formed during the manufacturing process of the power rectifier. Via the effect of the curved surface of the cylinder-shaped PN junction, a breakdown path under a reverse bias is provided so as to control the breakdown voltage. In this way, the defects of the power diode won't affect the forming of the depletion region and the voltage snap-down problem is eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic solar cell comprising a photoactive layer consisting of two molecular components, namely an electron donator and an electrode acceptor, and comprising two electrodes provided on both sides of the photoactive layer, whereby an intermediate layer having an asymmetric conductivity is placed between at least one of the electrodes and the photoactive layer.