Abstract: A system and method for determining a lateral position of an eye relative to an ophthalmic device are disclosed. One embodiment of the method includes receiving data comprising an image of a surface of an eye. An edge feature in the image is located, wherein the edge feature is in a known relationship to a pupil of the eye. The image is mapped from the edge feature to laterally define the pupil, and a center of the pupil is determined using the pupil definition. The pupil center comprises a location from which to achieve a preferred lateral eye position relative to an ophthalmic device. An embodiment of the system of this invention can include a processor and a software package executable by the processor, the software package adapted to cause the processor to carry out the method steps.

Abstract: A polarizing illuminant apparatus includes a surface emission light source 1 that emits a monochroic and indefinitely polarized light, a tabular photonic crystal 2 arranged on a light emitting surface 1a of the surface emission light source 1 to receive the light emitted from the light emitting surface 1a, a quarter wave plate 3 that receives a light emitted from the surface emission light source 1 and transmitted through the photonic crystal 2 and a reflective polarization plate 4 arranged in substantially-parallel with the photonic crystal 2 to receive a light transmitted through the quarter wave plate 3.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibrating a laser projection device can be used to establish the deviation of known measurement points from an approved digital model or reference condition. The apparatus includes a target having a reflective portion and a mask surrounding the reflective portion. The mask includes a material that changes appearance when excited by a laser. This target eliminates or minimizes user subjectivity in laser projection calibration.

Abstract: A projection system is disclosed that has a chromaticity/luminosity module in serial optical communication with a luminosity module. The chromaticity/luminosity module has a pair of chromaticity/luminosity modulators configured to modulate incident light to generate color on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The luminosity module has a pair of luminosity modulators configured to modulate incident light to generate a light image.

Abstract: A projector for projecting a first image on a screen according to first image data comprises a wireless access module for receiving signals, and an editing module for editing the received signals into second image data so as to display a second image on the screen. The first image and the second image being overlapped and displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A display device comprises revolving coloured wheels, so as to generate a periodic coloured beam, and an imager which modulates the coloured beam as a function of a received video signal. The coloured beam (8) takes successively at each period a plurality of primary colours in synchronism with the images generated by the imager for each primary colour. By adjustment of the relative position of the coloured wheels, it is possible to modify the hue of the primary colours so as to best match them to the received video signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image projecting apparatus having a main body frame, a light generating part supported by the main body frame, and an image device forming images by using light irradiated by the light generating part. The image projecting apparatus includes a first heat absorbing part that absorbs heat generated by the image device. A second heat absorbing part absorbs heat generated by the light source. A heat dissipating part transfers heat to one of the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part. A combining part separably combines the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part to transfer heat between the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part. Thus, the present invention provides an image projecting apparatus having a modularized cooling apparatus to improve work efficiency in manufacturing and repairing the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An optical integrator, which may be for a DLP system projector, is provided and includes an integral rod, a rod storage case, a resin housing, and a heat sink. The rod storage case includes an optical tube and covers. A sealed room formed between the optical tube and the rod outer surface of the integral rod is filled with a cooling liquid. A boss is formed on the top surface of the rod storage case. A penetration hole is formed in the resin housing and a penetration hole is formed in the heat sink. The rod storage case and the heat sink are coupled together so as to pinch the resin housing. The heat of the cooling liquid in the sealed room is dissipated from the resin housing through the boss and the heat sink. It is thus possible to efficiently cool the integral rod.

Abstract: A cooling system for a projector is provided and disposed in the projector. When a sensing temperature of the projector sensed by a thermal sensor of the cooling system is higher than a maximum temperature, a control module controls a fan to increase a rotation speed. When the sensing temperature of the projector sensed by the thermal sensor is lower than a minimum temperature, the control module controls the fan to decrease the rotation speed. As a result, the temperature of the projector is maintained within a proper range.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector device of the present invention includes a lamp unit having a lamp and a reflector, and a cooling fan for cooling the lamp unit. The reflector includes a reflecting portion having a parabolic reflecting surface, and a plurality of side walls extending from the reflecting portion to surround the lamp. A first side wall of the plurality of side walls is provided with a first air intake opening and a second air intake opening for introducing air delivered from the cooling unit toward the lamp, at both sides of a plane including a central axis of the lamp and orthogonal to the first side wall. A wind blocking wall is defined between both air intake openings. An air discharge opening is formed on a second side wall opposed to the first side wall.

Abstract: A projector having an optical engine module is disclosed. The projector has an optical engine module, a lamp module, and a fan and is disposed on the substrate. The lamp module is used for generating a light beam and reflecting the light beam to the optical engine module. The optical engine module comprises an invisible light filter, a color wheel, a light valve, and a projection lens. The fan is used for generating airflow to the lamp module.

Abstract: A video projector generates a black screen. Further, the video projector reduces the brightness of the light source which reduces the power level of the video projection system. Since the light source's power is reduced, less heat is generated by the video projector and the video projector's cooling fan may be slowed down. As a result, the video projector produces less noise.

Abstract: A video system includes a video projector located in a housing a display screen disposed adjacent to the housing, wherein the display screen is capable of being tilted to expose the video projector, logic for generating a test image to display on the tilted display screen in order to calibrate the video projector, logic for projecting the test image onto the tilted display screen; and logic for calibrating the video projector using the test image. The test image is altered to fit the tilted display screen.

Abstract: A projection system includes a cabinet having a surface with an aperture therein, a projector disposed within the cabinet, adapted to project light through the aperture in the surface of the cabinet, and a lens disposed in the aperture to project the light onto a screen disposed generally non-parallel to the cabinet surface having the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device (100) arranged to operate in two different modes: a transparent mode and a display mode. The idea of the present invention is that a transparent plate (101) is provided with a plurality of light emitting means (102). The light emitting means are arranged in a grid which defines the pixels of the display device. The area of each light emitting means must be small compared to the area (104) of the corresponding pixel it illuminates, since the plate provided with the light emitting means must appear transparent to the human eye. A first switchable diffuser (103) is placed in front of the plate. Thus, the display device will appear virtually transparent when the diffuser is operated in the transparent mode, whereas when operated in the display mode, the light emitted from the light emitting means will be diffused and result in uniform pixels of the display device.

Abstract: A method of operating a video device includes determining an operating temperature, determining if the operating temperature is above normal operating temperature for the video projector, and setting the video projector in economy mode if the operating temperature is above the normal operating temperature.

Abstract: A method of displaying an image with a display system includes receiving image data for the image. The method includes generating a first sub-frame and a second sub-frame corresponding to the image data. The method includes projecting the first sub-frame onto a target surface using a first projector light source. The method includes projecting the second sub-frame onto the target surface using a second projector light source, wherein the first and the second sub-frames at least partially overlap on the target surface, and wherein the first and the second light sources have substantially different spectral distributions.

Abstract: A light valve system adapted to recycle light reflected from the light valve in order to improve the brightness of the image. Illustratively, this reflected light is the dark-state light of an image. For example, a light valve is optically coupled to a polarization or TIR discriminator; and a light recycling device selectively alters the polarization state of light reflected by the polarization discriminator back into the system, and the reflected light is transmitted to an imaging surface increasing the image brightness.

Abstract: A filter mounting apparatus for use with an optical filter placed between a projector lens and screen. The filter mounting apparatus comprises a metallic disk connected to the projector lens, and an assembly magnetically connected to the metallic disk for mounting the optical filter a predetermined distance from the projector lens.

Abstract: A decorative display device includes a single-bulb light source, a transparency through which the light source projects to create an image upon a viewing area, and a fibre optic lead-in nearby the light source and receiving light therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projector utilizing two projecting light beams to enhance the resolutions thereof and comprises a light source, a light valve, an ultrasonic medium, a piezoelectric material, and a high-frequency oscillator. The light source device is used for generating light beams to project onto the light valve to form imaging light beams. The ultrasonic medium is passed through the imaging light beams with an incident angle, the piezoelectric material is disposed on one end of the ultrasonic medium, and the high-frequency oscillator electrically connects to the piezoelectric material for generating ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic waves from the piezoelectric material are delivered to the ultrasonic medium and the imaging light beams pass through the ultrasonic medium to form a diffraction light beam along a first direction and a transmission light beam along a second direction are produced in order to increase resolution of images projected from the projector.

Abstract: A driving unit includes an actuator for actuating a target and a magnetic dampener for controlling a vibration of the target, wherein the driving unit controls the vibration of the target, which is generated by the actuation of the actuator, by using the magnetic dampener.

Abstract: A zero power identical pair of oppositely-oriented meniscus lens elements mounted in the projection light path, serves as curved mask support while compensating for optical anomalies such as beam shift and beam deviations produced by other transparent supports for the curved mask. The zero-power meniscus lens pair, without affecting the transmission beam characteristics, lets the beam diffract as efficiently as does a regular planar mask, thus preserving the partial coherence effects and resolution concepts of projection lithography. This simple but novel optics device is not only expected to clear several barriers for curved mask projection lithography but also find place in other applications where collimated or converging light beams have to travel extra paths without significant aberration.

Abstract: In a projection apparatus for projecting optical images, an optical mask support stage having a pair of separated arms. Each arm being provided with a respective mask chucking bar that supports a respective edge of a thin glass mask and applies to the respective edge a bending moment away from the center of the mask to reduce or eliminate any gravitational induced sag in the center of the mask thereby improving the quality of the images projected by the apparatus.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus, wherein exposure is carried out while filling a space between a projection optical system and a substrate with a liquid, enables to suppress deterioration of a pattern image caused by any bubble in the liquid. The exposure apparatus includes a liquid supply unit 1 which fills at least a part of the space between the projection optical system and the substrate with a liquid 50, and exposes the substrate by projecting an image of a pattern onto the substrate via the projection optical system. The liquid supply unit 1 includes a degassing unit 21 which suppresses the generation of the bubble in the liquid 50.

Abstract: A method for aligning a substrate in a lithographic apparatus is presented. The substrate includes a plurality of alignment marks. The alignment marks have been defined by a second lithographic apparatus and are arranged to provide a substrate grid as a coordinate system that includes a first and a second direction, substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A process for the determination of focal plane deviation uniquely due to the scanning dynamics associated with a photolithographic scanner is described. A series of lithographic exposures is performed on a resist coated silicon wafer using a photolithographic scanner. The lithographic exposures produce an array of focusing fiducials that are displaced relative to each other in a unique way. The resulting measurements are fed into a computer algorithm that calculates the dynamic scanning field curvature in an absolute sense in the presence of wafer height variation and other wafer/reticle stage irregularities. The dynamic scan field curvature can be used to improve lithographic modeling, overlay modeling, and advanced process control techniques related to scanner stage dynamics.

Abstract: A method for improving illumination uniformity in an exposure process is described, wherein a light source, a reticle and a projection system are used to expose a substrate in the exposure process. A realtime adjustable gray filter like a gray LCD panel is placed in the light path between the light source and the exposed substrate to compensate the illumination nonuniformity on the substrate in real time.

Abstract: An Illumination system for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus has a light source and a first optical raster element that is positioned in or in close proximity to a first plane. The first plane is conjugated to a pupil plane of the illumination system by Fourier transformation. A second optical raster element is positioned in or in close proximity to the pupil plane. A third optical raster element is positioned in or in close proximity to a second plane that is also conjugated to the pupil plane by Fourier transformation. The third optical raster element, which can be a diffractive optical element, introduces an additional degree of design freedom for the modification of the angular distribution of the projection light bundle.

Abstract: A microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes an illumination system and a projection lens which images a reticle onto a photosensitive layer. The projection exposure apparatus further includes an immersion arrangement for introducing an immersion liquid into an immersion interspace between a last optical element of the projection lens on the image side and the photosensitive layer. A transmission filter is designed and arranged in the projection lens in such a way that rays which enter the immersion interspace from the last optical element at an angle of incidence ? are attenuated more strongly the smaller the angle of incidence ? is. The transmission filter may be arranged e.g. in a pupil plane of the projection lens and may have a transmittance which increases with increasing distance from an optical axis of the projection lens. In this way compensation is provided for angle-dependent absorption in the immersion liquid.

Abstract: This invention provides: an exposure apparatus and exposure method based on a maskless exposure technique which uses a two-dimensional optical modulator, in which maskless exposure technique, the exposure apparatus and exposure method employ a first irradiation source optics for drawing a pattern based on exposure pattern data, and a second irradiation source optics for irradiating an energy ray onto a desired area of space on a region inclusive of a region in which the pattern has been drawn; and a method of manufacturing a wiring Substrate (Board); thus, highly accurate pattern forming based on the exposure pattern data is achieved at high throughput and at low costs.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an exposure apparatus which includes an illumination optical system configured to irradiate a mask with light from a light source, and a projecting optical system configured to project a pattern image of the mask onto a substrate. The illumination optical system provides a first light intensity which can be altered by an optical unit forming a second light intensity. The second light intensity can be further altered by an optical unit changing the dimension of the second light intensity forming a third light intensity, where the third light intensity can be used in the lithographic process for forming devices.

Abstract: Pushbroom and flash lidar operations outside the visible spectrum, most preferably in near-IR but also in IR and UV, are enabled by inserting—ahead of a generally conventional lidar receiver front end—a device that receives light scattered from objects and in response forms corresponding light of a different wavelength from the scattered light. Detailed implementations using arrays of discrete COTS components—most preferably PIN diodes and VCSELs, with intervening semicustom amplifiers—are discussed, as is use of a known monolithic converter. Differential and ratioing multispectral measurements, particularly including UV data, are enabled through either spatial-sharing (e. g. plural-slit) or time-sharing.

Abstract: An electronic method for distance measurement based on pulsed laser time-of-flight is provided. The method comprises generating a wave of outgoing radiant energy pulses having a substantially stable period for providing a wave of pulses reflected from a target object and then measuring reflected energy from the pulse wave over a scanning time window. The scanning time window is shorter than the laser pulse time-of-flight to and from the measurement target. An offset between outgoing pulses and the scanning window is adjusted to capture reflected pulses at desired positions within the scanning window for selected conditions including when the outgoing wave is reflected from a reference surface and when the outgoing wave is reflected from the distance target. Distance is then calculated according to the offset and reflected energy data recorded for the selected conditions.

Abstract: In a distance measurement device of the invention, a light divider separates pulsed light emitted from an ultrashort pulse fiber laser into reference light A and signal light. A scanning mirror unit irradiates an object with the signal light as a division of the pulsed light and receives scattered light B, which is reflected from the object irradiated with the signal light. An optical path length adjustment unit adjusts an optical path length of the reference light A as a division of the pulsed light. A differential detector included in an interference signal generator detects the degree of interference of the reference light A having the adjusted optical path length with the scattered light B and outputs the detected degree of interference as an interference signal.

Abstract: Egg candling methods and apparatus are provided wherein the optical path between a light source and light detector is monitored for obscuring debris and/or malfunctions. A method of candling eggs includes illuminating an egg with light from a light source; receiving light passing through the egg at a light detector; generating an output signal that corresponds to light received at the light detector for the egg; and analyzing the output signal to determine whether the optical path between the light source and light detector has been altered. In response to determining that a respective optical path has been altered, the light source and/or light detector is cleaned and/or inspected for malfunctions. Cleaning the light source and/or light detector may include wiping a surface of the light source and/or light detector and/or spraying a surface of the light source and/or light detector with a fluid.

Abstract: Egg candling methods and apparatus are provided wherein black rot eggs can be identified and removed. A method of identifying live eggs includes illuminating eggs in a carrier with light from a light source; receiving light passing through each egg at a light detector; generating an output signal that corresponds to light received at a light detector for each respective egg; analyzing the output signal for each egg to determine opacity of each egg; removing eggs having an opacity less than a first opacity value; and removing eggs having an opacity greater than a second opacity value that is different from the first opacity value.

Abstract: A measuring device is provided with a signal generator and a signal receiver, which is located at a measurable distance from the signal generator. The signal generator is designed for the emission of at least two signal beams covering in given relationship to each other an area and the signal receiver is designed for the time-resolved reception of the signal beams in such a manner that the generator-receiver distance can be determined from the time signature of the signal beam reception.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for dark-field illumination for an optical testing device for scanning a plane surface of an object together with a method for optical scanning of a plane surface of an object in which the device according to the invention is used. The illumination device according to the invention has a reflector which has in cross-section the form of a segment of an ellipse, while the illumination device may be arranged with a first focal point of the ellipse on the surface of the object, and the light source located at a point which results from reflection of the second focal point of the ellipse on the surface of the object. By this means, dark-field illumination with a high level of illumination at the first focal point is obtained, even when the light source is located a good distance away from the object.

Abstract: A process monitoring system determines a spectral response of a process material. This system has a tunable laser for generating an optical signal that is wavelength tuned over a scan band and an optical probe for conveying the optical signal to the process material and detecting the spectral response of the process material. The optical probe expands a beam of the optical signal to a diameter of greater than 10 millimeters. This avoids one of the difficulties with monitoring these process applications by ensuring that the spectroscopy measurements are accurate and repeatable. It is desirable to sample a relatively large area of the processed material since it can be heterogeneous. Additionally the large area mitigates spectral noise such as from speckle.

Abstract: An optical probe assembly for conveying Raman pump light to a specimen and for conveying a Raman signature from the specimen to an optical spectrum analyzer, the optical probe assembly comprising a light guide, wherein the light guide comprises a core region and a surrounding cladding region, wherein the core region is constructed so as to minimize the creation of a relatively broadband spurious background noise signal when conveying the Raman pump light to the specimen, and the cladding region is constructed so as to satisfy the wave guiding reflection requirements of the Raman pump light and the Raman signature.

Abstract: A remote sensing optical system and method is disclosed that permits detection and discrimination of aerosols. The system outputs a plurality of wavelengths and is equipped with a polarization sensitive receiver capable of measuring the scattered energy in two orthogonal polarization states. By normalizing the depolarization to the total energy received and calculating the ratio of normalized depolarization at different wavelengths it is possible to use this ratio to discriminate materials having wavelength dependent depolarization properties. One use is the discrimination of bioaerosols such as anthrax from other airborne particular matter.

Abstract: A method to dynamically and completely identify in real-time a transparent-film absorbing-substrate system: determine the film thickness and optical constant and the substrate optical constant, using any ellipsometer to measure only one pair of the two ellipsometric angles psi and del at only one angle of incidence and at only one wavelength, and a fast optimized genetic algorithm which employs a fitness function based on a physical condition along with an optimization method are provided. With proper modification the provided optimized genetic algorithm, and the provided optimization method, are used to fully characterize absorbing-film absorbing-substrate systems, to fully characterize a pellicle which is an unsupported film, to fully characterize a bare substrate, to fully characterize multiple-film-substrate systems, and to design single- and multiple-film-substrate systems.

Abstract: Seven methods to dynamically characterize in real-time the substrate of absorbing-film absorbing-substrate systems in an absorbing mediums: determine the substrate optical constant or the substrate optical constant and film thickness, depending on the method, using an ellipsometer to measure one or two pairs of the two ellipsometric angles psi and del at one or two angles of incidence and at only one wavelength, and the known film optical constant or film optical constant and film thickness, are provided. Also, seven corresponding methods to design reflection-type film-substrate optical polarization devices: determine the substrate optical constant or the optical constant and film thickness of a film-substrate system to perform as a pre-specified optical polarization device at pre-specified conditions. A software program and/or a smart device to be a part of any ellipsometer or ellipsometer system, or to be added to any existing ellipsometer or ellipsometer system, are also provided.

Abstract: An optical device for directing optical signals in a fluorescence-based analyser having first and second laser light sources for providing illuminating laser light at different wavelengths. The device comprises a band pass laser filter associated with each laser and arranged to allow laser light of the relevant wavelength of its associated laser to pass therethrough but to reflect light of other wavelengths, each band pass filter being arranged to direct laser light from both of the lasers into a single path directed at a sample to be illuminated in use. At least two fluorescence band pass filters are provided, each of which is arranged to allow light of a selected fluorescent wavelength therethrough.

Abstract: An open-path optical communication system has either optical or laser sources and communicates between the source and a detector. In a first embodiment, the laser source includes a gas cell in the laser cavity to regulate laser wavelengths based on the minimum absorption between spectral lines of the gas in the cell. The laser is tuned close to a minimum absorption wavelength and the minimum absorption line locks the laser wavelength to the minimum position. In a second embodiment, the strong absorption lines of a gas in a gas cell positioned at a receiver site are used to provide channel isolation of the receiver. In a third embodiment, an atmospheric gas provides the channel isolation. In the fourth embodiment, individual wavelength channels are positioned between the absorption lines of atmospheric or non-atmospheric gases to prevent cross-talk between adjacent channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting an input beam that uses an array of detectors sensing a scanning fringe pattern to generate phase error information which can be corrected by a physically adjacent beam correction device such as an array of micro-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) mirrors.

Abstract: An optical frequency measurement apparatus of the present invention includes: a coarse light frequency measurer that computes coarse light frequency (Fw) of measured input light based on a reference wavelength that is a wavelength of reference light; a pulsed light source that generates pulsed light including a plurality of optical frequency components with different repetition frequency (fs1) based on reference frequency (Fs) that is frequency of the reference light; a first beat signal generating section that generates a first beat signal having a first difference frequency (fc) that is difference frequency between optical frequency of the pulsed light closest to optical frequency of the measured input light among the plurality of optical frequency components and the optical frequency of the measured input light; a frequency measurer that measures the first difference frequency (fc) of the first beat signal; and an arithmetic section that computes the fine light frequency (Fx) based on the coarse light freq

Abstract: Frequency domain optical coherence imaging systems have an optical source, an optical detector and an optical transmission path between the optical source and the optical detector. The optical transmission path between the optical source and the optical detector reduces an effective linewidth of the imaging system. The optical source may be a broadband source and the optical transmission path may include a periodic optical filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for multiplexing Fiber Optic Interferometric Sensors (FOISs), which apparatus comprises: means (1) forming the optical source for providing m*n distinct wavelengths ?11, ?12, . . . , ?1n, ?21, ?22, . . . , ?2n, . . . , ?m1, ?m2, . . . , ?mn, which means comprise other means for generating m groups (111, 112, . . . , 11m) of light pulses, each group 11j (1?j?m) being made up of n light pulses Pk(?j1), Pk(?j2), . . . , Pk(?jn) of distinct wavelengths ?j1, ?j2, . . . , ?jn, the n light pulses Pk(?j1), Pk(?j2), . . . , Pk(?jn) being time delayed one from another, Fiber Optic Interferometric Sensors distributed in m groups (51, 52, . . .