Abstract: A chemical pulp mill system and method of using black liquor flashing steam from a digester system comprises generating black liquor in the digester system, sending the black liquor to an evaporator system without using any pre-evaporator system, flashing the black liquor in the evaporator system to yield steam, and using at least some of the steam for chip steaming in a chip bin and/or for supplying in-direct heat exchangers in the digester system for pre-heating white liquor and/or filtrates for use in the digester system.

Abstract: A process of treating a cellulose-lignin pulp. In an ozone stage, the pulp is contacted with ozone to bleach and delignify the pulp. The ozone stage is conducted without the addition of a peroxide bleaching agent. A chelant is introduced into the ozone stage to improve selectivity of the delignification.

Abstract: A method of enhancing brightness of paper made from mechanical pulps or recycled pulps that comprise: adding an effective amount of one or more chelants and one or more surfactants to a bleaching stage of a papermaking process that involves the addition of hydrosulfite is disclosed.

Abstract: Tissue products are disclosed having desirable strength, stretch and softness properties. In particular, the tissue products exhibit relatively high strength while still having a relatively low stiffness and a significant amount of stretch. The tissue webs generally comprise uncreped through-air dried webs. In accordance with the present disclosure, the webs are formed in a through-air drying process in which the transfer fabric and the through-air drying fabric are both textured fabrics having a substantially uniform high strain distribution in the cross-machine direction. Various improvements in properties in the cross-machine direction are exhibited by deforming or molding a tissue web against one or more of the fabrics during the tissue making process.

Abstract: Tissue and towel sheets having a pattern of spaced-apart elongated regions of relatively high basis weight oriented in the machine direction of the sheets are produced by forming a molded three-dimensional wet web having spaced-apart ridges and valleys substantially oriented in the machine direction and thereafter flattening the molded web such that the web is buckled upon itself. Upon drying, the resulting tissue sheet has a relatively flat surface texture, yet contains a high degree of cross-machine direction stretch.

Abstract: Paperboard is densified in selected discrete regions spaced apart along the board such that the effective caliper of the board (defined between the surfaces of the board in the areas outside the densified regions) remains essentially unchanged compared to an equivalent board that is not selectively densified. Thus, the effective density of the board also remains unchanged. The densified regions impart mechanical properties to the paperboard. The shapes, sizes, depths, and arrangement of the densified regions can be selected to impart increased strength in certain directions. For example, the ratio of the machine direction (MD) to cross-machine direction (CD) compressive strength can be manipulated through selective densification in accordance with the invention. The paperboard is useful in laminate structures and other uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the absorption rate for paper products. The process comprises treating a cellulosic fibre web comprising applying to said cellulosic fibre web at least one polymer; and colloidal particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of betuline as a filler in paper or board, and to a method for producing paper or board. According to the invention, an aqueous slurry is made of betuline, followed by the addition of said slurry to the pulp during the production of paper or board, and removal of water from the paper web, and then the production of paper or board is continued in a conventional manner.

Abstract: There is provided an alkaline earth phyllosilicate material-containing slurry. It has been found the slurries of the present invention may be made at concentrations of up to 75% solids and remain pumpable. Broadly speaking, the slurry includes an alkaline earth phyllosilicate material and a polyfunctional compound and the remainder being water. The alkaline earth phyllosilicate material-containing slurry is preferably a pre-activated bentonite which is essentially semi-swollen upon addition to the slurry, and the polyfunctional compound is preferably an essentially non-monomeric, tall-oil derivative or distillate and the remainder being water. Other polyfunctional compounds include lignin, pitch, and liginosulfonate. The slurry does not requiring the addition of electrolyte. The properties of the slurry are such that the slurry contains between 5% and 75% total solid material in a pumpable form. There is also provided processes for making paper and for dewatering sludge using the slurry of this invention.

Abstract: There is provided a slury of phyllosilicate-containing, material and a non-reactive, non-monomeric sizing agent, and water such that the final Hercules apparent viscosity of the slurry is below 100 cps. These slurries may have a solids content from 20 wt. % to 55 wt. % of solid phylloisilicate material. The addition of a phyllosilicate material to a combination of essentially non-reactive, non-monomeric rosin-derived sizing agent does not require the addition of an electrolyte and provides additional stability to rosin dispersions or dispersions of fine rosin particles. In another aspect of the invention there is provided a process of making paper by forming an aqueous cellulosic suspension, mixing a highly concentrated bentonite slurry into an cellulosic suspension, draining the cellulosic suspension to form a wet sheet and drying the wet sheet. A polymeric retention aid may be added to the cellulosic suspension during papermaking.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the rate of photoyellowing in paper containing mechanical pulp comprising: applying an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of one or more salts of thiocyanic acid on the surface of a paper sheet in a papermaking process.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a soluble casting core for use in casting complex shaped metal matrix composite components. The soluble casting core is generated by a sequence of steps which provide a molten slurry mixture composed of an alkali metal salt such as sodium carbonate and a plurality of ceramic particulates such as magnesium oxide dispersed therein. After heating and mixing the slurry mixture is solidified in a mold pattern to form a casting core configured to generate a complex shaped component during a casting process. The soluble casting core is used for casting molten metal alloys therein, without failure of the casting surfaces and forming of a complex shaped metal matrix composite component. The soluble casting core is readily dissolved and separated from the soluble casting core by immersing the core mold in heated water and/or exposing to steam, without damage to the metal matrix composite component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal molding conduit assembly, a metal molding system, a metal molding process, a metal molding hot runner assembly, a molded article having a body made by a metal molding process, and a mold. The metal molding conduit assembly includes a conduit passageway configured to pass a volume of molten metal located downstream of a passageway blockage formed in the conduit passageway.

Abstract: Disclosed is: (i) a metal molding conduit assembly of a metal molding system, (ii) a metal molding system having a metal molding conduit assembly, (iii) a metal molding process of a metal molding system, (iv) a molded article having a body made by a metal molding process of a metal molding system, (v) a molded article having a body made by a metal molding process of a metal molding system and/or (vi) a mold of a metal molding system, amongst other things.

Abstract: A mold and a die-cast manufacturing method for the die-cast product, in which a main frame which is contiguously formed with a head pipe constitutes a portion of a hollow light-weight-metal-made vehicle-body frame. The mold includes a core for forming an inner space of the hollow vehicle-body frame. The core includes a core body and a plurality of splints mounted on the core body, the splints having approximately elliptical cross-sectional shapes. The long axes direction of ellipses of the splints are set parallel to a mold split surface of the mold. As a result, measurement of the positional accuracy of the splints is facilitated, a clearance between the splint and the mold can decrease by increasing the dimensional accuracy of splint mounting portions of the mold based on sizes of the splints, and the frame can be manufactured with high dimensional accuracy.

Abstract: In order to satisfy the requirements for satisfactory levels of melting•burn-off characteristics in response to heat application, high temperature burn-off characteristics and ease of residual ash removal that a resin model should assure as an alternative to a wax model, the burn-off resin model according to the present invention, which can be used in the lost wax process, is manufactured by forming a liquid resin compound containing 1 to 30 wt. % of a plasticizer (D) and 1 to 20 wt. % of a wax component (E) blended into a double fluid reactive setting liquid urethane resin (C) constituted of a multifunctional polyol component (A) and a multifunctional polyisocyanate component (B) and then by setting the liquid resin compound within a working life of 5 minutes or less.

Abstract: A core for use in casting a gas turbine bucket, the core comprising a solid, curved upper body portion and a pair of co-planar legs extending downwardly from the solid, curved upper body portion, the pair of legs separated by an elongated open slot extending from a lower end of the core upwardly more than half a height dimension of the core, into the upper body portion, and a pair of axially aligned pegs projecting in axially opposite directions from opposite sides of the solid, curved upper body portion, perpendicular to and above the elongated slot but spaced from an upper edge of the solid, curved upper body portion, the pair of pegs lying substantially in a plane containing the co-planar legs, and wherein, in a radial direction, the pegs are closer to the elongated slot than to the upper edge.

Abstract: A permanent chill mold for the continuous casting of metals, comprising a mold tube (1) placed in a water box, a water gap being formed between the inner side of the wall of the water box and the outer side (2) of the mold tube (1). In the water gap, at least one sheet metal water deflector (3) is situated, the mold tube (1) being supported at least in one direction to be laterally freely shiftable with respect to the water box and the working position of the mold tube (1) being adjusted by the flow relationships in the water gap.

Abstract: Method for belt conditioning in pelletizing plants, method for pelletizing urea and pelletizing plant. The invention relates to a method for belt conditioning in pelletizing plants with a rotating steel belt to which is applied in drop-like manner a melt of a product to be pelletized which is then solidified on the steel belt. According to the invention there are steps of washing off product residues left on the steel belt after removing the solidified pellets using a washing liquid containing at least the dissolved product and drying the washing liquid adhering to the steel belt for forming a dry product film thereon prior to the renewed application of a melt of a product to be pelletized. Use e.g. for pelletizing urea.

Abstract: A core for casting a metal part having a body with solid portions spaced apart by hollow portions. The body includes at least one support element extending between adjacent solid portions. The support element provides stiffness and strength for the casting core during the casting process. The support element has an optimized shape to prevent the core from fracturing during the casting process and to minimize operating stress in the metal part around the area formed by the support element.

Abstract: A fan is enclosed in the enclosure of an electronic apparatus. The fan discharges air out of a ventilation opening of the fan itself. Heat radiating fins are located in an air passage extending from the ventilation opening. A dust catcher is removably mounted in an opening of the enclosure from the outside of the enclosure. The dust catcher is located in the air passage between the heat radiating fins and the ventilation opening. The dust catcher serves to catch the dust in the air passage. The dust catcher is removed from the enclosure along with the dust. The dust is thus reliably cleared from the air passage. The dust catcher can then be cleaned. The cleaned dust catcher can again be set in the opening of the enclosure. Airflow of a sufficient amount is in this manner always kept in the air passage.

Abstract: Isolator assemblies and isolators between separate parts or components, and, particularly, multi stage isolators, especially, isolators useful in automotive applications are described. The isolators have non perpendicular ribs, made of the same material as the isolator body, which can flex when in a deflection phase or stage, or can compress in a compression phase or stage, thus allowing for reduced wear and/or longer life for both the isolator and the parts and components separated thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger having a cooling core consisting of a plurality of parallel, heat exchanging tubes and two manifolds provided with slots, where the ends of heat exchanging tubes are inserted in fluid connection with each manifold and each slot is defined by a slot opening and parallel-running slot walls formed from deformed wall portions of the manifold. In order to improve a rigidity of construction of the heat exchanger the outer sides of said slot are deformed inwardly relative to the manifold wall, forming concavities in the manifold outer surface, the inner sides of said slot are deformed inwardly relative to the manifold wall, forming convexities in the manifold inner surface, and the convexities comprise grooves forming the slot walls in order to accommodate at least a portion of the longitudinal edges of the end of exchanging tube. A method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger manifold is also provided.

Abstract: A fin unit for a cooler includes a heat-conducting member, a plurality of helical elongate twisted fins and a fan. The heat-conducting member or a heat generator has its surface fixed with the plurality of helical elongated twisted fins. When the fan is started to operate, air convection is produced among the helical elongated members, forming helical whirls to increase contact and collision of the air with the helical elongated twisted fins, enhancing effect of heat dissipation.

Abstract: A heat sink to be used with a heat source can include a base portion and a fin portion. The base portion can include a plurality of heat pipes and a space formed at least partially between adjacent heat pipes. The base portion can also include a first plate thermally connected to the heat source and a second plate thermally connected to the fin portion. The plurality of heat pipes contacts the first plate and the second plate. The plurality of heat pipes can also include a first portion that is closer than a second portion to the heat source. Additionally, a distance between adjacent heat pipes is smaller at the first portion than at the second portion.

Abstract: An evaporator includes a cylindrical barrier wall, and a cap that fits at an end of the cylindrical barrier wall. The cylindrical barrier wall defines a central axial opening and an outer cylindrical surface. The cap includes an outer surface that is external to the central axial opening and an inner surface that abuts the central axial opening. A portion of the outer cylindrical surface is configured to define a liquid port extending through the outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical barrier wall.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device includes thermal conductive pipes and a plurality of thermal fin modules. Each thermal fin module made by pressing and stacking is mounted on the thermal conductive pipes. A retainer is located between each two thermal fin modules to compress the thermal fin module, so that a distance between two fins of the thermal fin module is reduced. Finally, a fixing plate is set above the last thermal fin module on the thermal conductive pipes to fix the thermal fin modules securely engaged with the thermal conductive pipes. Therefore, the assembled heat dissipating module could not be loosed and deformed during delivery and the engaging contact between the fins and the thermal conductive pipes are enhanced, so to increase the heat dissipating effect of the heat dissipating module.

Abstract: A heat dissipating module includes thermal conductive pipes and a thermal fin module. The thermal fin module made by pressing and stacking is mounted on the thermal conductive pipes. Next, a jig is set on a top surface of the thermal fin module, and a force compresses the thermal fin module, so as to reduce a distance between two fins of the thermal fin module. Then, a fixing plate is set above the thermal fin module on the thermal conductive pipes, and the jig is removed. Finally, the fixing plate is fixed on the thermal fin module, and the thermal fin module is securely fixed with the thermal conductive pipes. Therefore, the assembled heat dissipating module could not be loosed and deformed during delivery and the engaging contact between the fins and the thermal conductive pipes are enhanced, so to increase the heat dissipating effect of the heat dissipating module.

Abstract: An evaporator has a header tank including a header forming plate with outward bulging portions, a tube connecting plate, and an intermediate plate. Tube insertion holes are formed in the tube connecting plate. Communication holes formed in the intermediate plate cause the tube insertion holes to communicate with the interior of the corresponding outward bulging portion therethrough. At least one of the outward bulging portions allows a refrigerant to flow therethrough longitudinally. All the communication holes in communication with the refrigerant passing bulging portion are held in communication by communication portions for the communication holes, the communication portions providing a refrigerant passageway. The refrigerant passageway is altered in cross sectional area along the longitudinal direction thereof by adjusting the width of the communication portions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an outside plate used for a heat exchanger header tank configured such that an outside plate having an outwardly bulging portion, an inside plate, and an intermediate plate are brazed together in layers. A thick portion is formed on an outside-plate forming metal plate at a center portion with respect to the width direction thereof. Subsequently, a press work is performed on the outside-plate forming metal plate so as to form the outwardly bulging portion by making use of the thick portion. A connection portion having a curvature radius of 1 mm or less is formed between an inner wall surface of the outwardly bulging portion and each of surfaces of the outside plate located on the opposite sides of the outwardly bulging portion. This method enables manufacture of an outside plate which reduces the weight while securing sufficient withstanding pressure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger to be used as a gas cooler has a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet provided at upper and lower header sections, respectively, of a first header tank. A value represented by a formula {(L1+L2)/2}+(T×2N) is defined as an average flow path length L0, where L1 represents the total interior length of both the header sections of the first header tank, L2 represents the interior length of the header section(s) of the second header tank, T represents the length of the flat tubes, and N represents the number of the header section(s) of the second header tank. The positions of the refrigerant inlet and outlet are determined to satisfy the relation 0.8?LX/L0?1.2, where Lx represents a flow path length for refrigerant which flows into the upper header section from the refrigerant inlet and flows out of the refrigerant outlet.

Abstract: According to the invention, in order to prevent a film from forming which obstructs the transfer of heat in heat exchanger pipes, the heat exchanger pipe comprises an external side which is adjacent to the external surface and which is impinged upon by a steam medium, and an inner side which is adjacent to an inner surface and which is impinged upon by a coolant, such that the outer surface is provided with a first layer which reduces the adhesion of the steam on the outer surface and/or the inner surface is provided with a second layer which reduces the adhesion of a coolant to the inner surface and which is embodied as a biocidal layer. The invention relates to a heat exchanger and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a refrigerator unit has a plurality of fins arranged essentially parallel to one another. At least some of the fins are not smooth in part and smooth in part.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a condensing heat-exchange copper tube for a flooded type electrical refrigeration unit, which comprises a smooth surface portion, a finned portion provided with plurality of fins and a transitional portion connecting the smooth surface portion to the finned portion. Said fin includes a fin base close to the outer surface of the heat-exchange tube and a fin top away from the outer surface. Said fin is further provided with a secondary fin at the central portion of the fin and a third fin at the top portion of the fin, wherein a certain distance is provided between two axially adjacent secondary fins or two axially adjacent third fins. Secondary fins as well as third fins according to the invention further increase the heat transfer area for the heat-exchange tube. Meanwhile, secondary fins and third fins help to attenuate the condensate film such that the condensate film is substantially eliminated, and vapor condensation and heat transfer may be carried out in a better way.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coolant radiator for a motor vehicle, comprising a radiator block (2) made of tubes and ribs, a coolant inlet area (5) comprising a coolant inlet pipe connection (7), a cooling agent outlet area (6) comprising a cooling agent outlet pipe connection (8), wherein an oil radiator provided with oil connections (10, 11) which are guided out from the cooling agent area (6) is arranged. According to the invention, the coolant outlet connection (8) is arranged between the oil connections (10, 11).

Abstract: An upper header tank of an evaporator is formed by three plates. The outside plate has an inflow-side refrigerant-passage outwardly bulging portion whose one end portion communicates with a refrigerant inlet. The inside plate has tube insertion holes. The intermediate plate has communication holes for establishing communication between the tube insertion holes of the inside plate and the outwardly bulging portion of the outside plate. The communication holes of the intermediate plate are connected by communication portions so as to form a resin passage communicating with the outwardly bulging portion. Of all the communication portions of the refrigerant passage, a plurality of upstream communication portions are smaller in width than the remaining communication portions. The relation 0.25?A/B?0.35 is satisfied, where A represents the number of the narrow communication portions, and B represents the total number of the communication holes which form the refrigerant passage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger, particularly an exhaust gas heat exchanger for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising a housing jacket (6) that is open at both ends, and a tube bundle which is inserted into said housing jacket and is penetrated by the hot exhaust gas. The aim of the invention is to produce said heat exchanger in an inexpensive and functionally safe manner. Said aim is achieved by the fact that only the tube bundle with the tube bottoms (2, 3) thereof, which are located on the front side, are made of metal while the housing jacket (6) into which the tube bundle is inserted along with the tube bottoms (23) is made of plastic.

Abstract: It comprises a plurality of parallel conduits (3) provided inside a housing (2), through which gases to be cooled flow in heat exchange with a cooling fluid, said conduits (3) being attached between two plates (7) fixed in both ends of said housing (2), and the housing (2), and the housing (2) and the plates (7) having an area substantially rectangular. It is characterized in that each plate (7) comprises dimples (9) arranged near to its perimeter area, said dimples (9) including nails (10) capable of being into contact with a peripherical area (11) of the housing (2). It is possible to immobilize the plates during handling and application of brazing paste.

Abstract: An intercooler assembly includes a housing that defines an internal space containing a plurality of tubes. A joint between a tube and a tube plate is created by a laser welding process. A form presses the walls of the tube outwardly to form the flange. The downward force of the form not only creates the desired flange, but also exerts a pressure that holds the flange against the tube plate. The form provides for the transmission of laser energy to that the creation of the flange can be performed concurrently with the welding process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger, especially a charge-air/coolant cooler (1), consisting of a plurality of disks (2), two adjacent disks (2) defining an intermediate region through which a heat exchanging medium flows. Said heat exchanger also comprises a heat exchanging medium inlet (9) and a heat exchanging medium outlet (11), that are common to the disks (2). At least two heat exchanging medium channels (5, 6) are respectively provided for the heat exchanging medium inlet and the heat exchanging medium outlet (9 and 11).

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided for transferring heat to a working fluid. The heat exchanger comprises a housing having a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the housing. The grooves have a first end and a second end, and define fluid flow channels. Each channel has a fluid flow inlet and a fluid flow outlet. The fluid flow inlets of an alternating first set of channels are adjacent to the first end of the grooves, and the fluid flow inlets of a second set of alternating channels are adjacent to the second end of the grooves. The first set of channels and the second set of channels are arranged such that fluid in immediately adjacent channels flows in opposite directions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a header plate with a plurality of openings and a plurality of tubes each having an end portion inserted into one of the plurality of openings in the header plate. Each of the plurality of tubes has a generally rectangular cross-section and a longitudinal axis. An end portion of at least some of the plurality of tubes is stiffened by a respective stiffening part. Each stiffening part includes two reinforcing elements positioned opposite each other abutting an inner surface of the tubes. Each reinforcing element also includes a back portion and two side portions extending from the back portion and a connecting member connecting the side portions of the reinforcing elements.

Abstract: An outlet/inlet piping structure of an intercooler according to the invention has a construction in which an outlet/inlet piping 5 is branched in such a fashion as to possess a plurality of flow passages from one of the flow passages of a distal end position 5a spaced apart from a header tank 4 of an intercooler to a connection portion 5b to the header tank so that a fluid pressure loss does not substantially occur in the flow between the distal end position and the connection portion. In other words, a ratio of a sectional area of the flow passage of the connection portion to a sectional area of the connection portion of the far end portion is at least 78%.

Abstract: A cooler includes a heat conducting member and a heat scattering member. The heat conducting portion is closely attached with a heat source. The heat scattering member has plural hollow cones respectively formed of sintered metallic particles with their size enlarged gradually from the bottom to the top. The metallic particles closer to the surface of the heat conducting member are smaller, having a greater contact area to transmit the heat more effectively. And, plus the ventilation of a fan on the heat scattering member, the air in the hole of the hollow cone is expelled out, so the air outside the hollow cone flows into its center through the porosities between the metallic particles, enabling the metallic particles of the hollow cone to increase the contact area with air for a better thermal release.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle has a first heat exchanger for cooling air, a second heat exchanger for heating air having passed through the first heat exchanger, a cool air adjusting door and a second air adjusting door in a case. The case defines a cool air passage downstream of the first heat exchanger to allow cool air to bypass the second heat exchanger. The cool air adjusting door is disposed to adjust the volume of cool air in the cool air passage. The case further defines an air mixing chamber directly downstream of the second heat exchanger. In a bi-level mode, the cool air is directed to the air mixing chamber by the cool air adjusting door. The case further defines a face opening and a foot opening at positions where air in the air mixing chamber can directly flow to the face opening and the foot opening in the bi-level mode.

Abstract: A heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system for use in an over-the-road or off road vehicle is provided. The HVAC system may be operated regardless of the operational state of the engine. That is, the HVAC system may be operated to condition the interior compartments of an over-the-road vehicle while the engine is running and while the engine is in a no-idle (off) condition. In general, the HVAC system efficiently shares one or more typical air conditionings components with those already found in the vehicle. In one instance, the HVAC system operates an electrically-driven compressor when a belt-driven compressor is idle. In another case, the HVAC system operates both an electrically-driven compressor and a no-idle condenser when a belt-driven compressor and condenser are idle. In yet another embodiment, the HVAC system shares an evaporator.

Abstract: While one of ventilation fans operates, the other ventilation fan is at rest. Air flows from the operating ventilation fan to the ventilation fan at rest. The airflow passes through an air passage defined in a heat radiating member located between the ventilation fans. Dust cumulates at the entrance of the air passage. The other ventilation fan is then driven to operate while the operating ventilation fan is brought to rest. Airflow is generated in the reverse direction. The airflow is inverted within the air passage. The inverted airflow serves to remove the dust from the entrance of the air passage. The cumulation of the dust can thus reliably be avoided. Accordingly, no dust filter is required in the path of airflow outside the air passage. Airflow of a sufficient amount can always be maintained in the air passage.

Abstract: The casing cutter disclosed herein is useful for severing downhole tubulars and comprises a body, slips, a cutting head, cutting blades, and actuators for operating the cutting head and cutting blades. The casing cutter can be anchored within casing wellbore with the slips to provide anchoring support during the cutting operation. Cutting is accomplished by rotatingly actuating the cutting head with an associated motor, and then radially extending the cutting blades away from the cutting head. The cutting blades are actuated by a hydraulic motor operatively coupled to the cutting blades by a series of gears.

Abstract: A process may include providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of a subsurface formation. Heat may transfer from one or more heaters to a part of a formation. In some embodiments, heat from the one or more heat sources may pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in a part of a subsurface formation. Hydrocarbons and/or other products may be produced from a subsurface formation. Certain embodiments describe apparatus, methods, and/or processes used in treating a subsurface or hydrocarbon containing formation.

Abstract: A mass isolation joint for electrically isolating a downhole tool includes a first joint section having a distal end in which a first thread is formed, a second joint section, and an insulating composite structure coupling the first joint section to the second joint section, wherein at least one of the first and second joint sections is adapted for coupling to the downhole tool. The insulating composite structure includes a first composite layer formed on the second joint section. The first composite layer has a second thread which engages the first thread on the distal end of the first joint section.