Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed, which can improve the visibility for all directions, the liquid crystal display device includes: a common electrode; and a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel includes a pixel electrode provided with pixel holes in a display control area, to thereby orient liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal in a radial pattern, and wherein the common electrode faces the plurality of pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A display panel includes a display region, a connecting region, a pad region, and an extension region. The display region includes a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines. The connecting region is formed with first and second connecting line units, each of which is electrically coupled to the scan lines and data lines. The pad region is formed with first and second pad units, each of which extends from the first and second connecting line units. The extension region is formed with an extension line unit that extends from the first pad unit. A testing method for a display panel is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a liquid crystal panel where a liquid crystal is held between a pair of substrates is characterized by marking a specified figure on one substrate, detecting the specified figure on the one substrate, applying a sealing material according to a predetermined pattern and providing a liquid crystal encapsulation opening in the vicinity of the marking, joining another substrate paired with the one substrate thereto, cutting the joined substrates to obtain a pair of substrates, injecting a liquid crystal material through the liquid crystal encapsulation openings of the pair of substrates thus obtained, and closing the liquid crystal encapsulation openings. According to the invention, a process for manufacturing a liquid crystal panel in which positioning of the liquid crystal encapsulation opening is facilitated in the step of applying the sealing material can thereby be provided.

Abstract: There is provided a display device, the deterioration of whose reliability caused by curing failures of a sealing material is suppressed. The display device includes: a wiring substrate 31 having wiring lines and switching elements thereon; a counter substrate 33 held so as to oppose the wiring substrate 31; a display medium layer 35 provided between the wiring substrate 31 and the counter substrate 33; and a sealing section 37 surrounding the display medium layer 35, the sealing section 37 being formed of a sealing material which contains a photocurable resin. The display device has a display region 40 in which a plurality of pixels are included. The sealing material contains light-scattering particles for scattering light which cures the photocurable resin. The counter substrate 33 has a light shielding layer 39 thereon, the light shielding layer 39 surrounding the display region 40. The sealing section 37 is formed within a region shaded by the light shielding layer 39.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate including a gate line, a data line crossing the gate line, and an insulating layer interposed between the gate line and the data line, defining a pixel, and a thin film transistor disposed at the pixel, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a cell gap maintaining member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a connecting wall attached to either the first substrate or the second substrate, and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the connecting wall.

Abstract: A flat panel display device includes a gate line and a data line crossing each other to define a pixel area, a pixel electrode in the pixel area, and a thin film transistor having a gate electrode connected to the gate line, a source electrode connected to the data line, and a drain electrode connected to the pixel electrode, wherein the gate line has at least two or more separated gate line portions where the gate line crosses the data line.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a flat panel display device including a preparation unit to form a thin film layer and a etch-resist on a substrate and a hard mold to mold the etch-resist, the hard mold including a back plate and a molding pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a foil material for transfer to a target substrate, and methods for manufacturing such a foil material. In a method according to the present invention, a plastic substrate foil (32) is provided that is suitable for aligning liquid crystal material. To the substrate foil (32) is discontiguously applied a layer (34) comprising a liquid crystal material that is aligned.

Abstract: A system constructs an image using virtual lenslets.

Abstract: Conventionally, in a display device using lasers, a blue light source having a relatively long wavelength and a red light source having a relatively short wavelength are adopted because a short-wavelength blue light source and a long-wavelength red light source cause degradation in visibility. Therefore, there are problems that an expressible color region is restricted, and large output power is required for white display. Accordingly, in a two-dimensional image display device of the present invention, the center wavelength of a red color source is set in a range from 635 nm to 655 nm and the center wavelength of a blue light source is set in a range from 420 nm to 455 nm, thereby obtaining a bright and clear image at minimum power consumption.

Abstract: An illumination system including a first polarized light source, a second polarized light source and a polarization beam splitter is provided. The first polarized light source is suitable for providing a first light beam with a first polarization direction, and the second polarized light source is suitable for providing a second light beam with a second polarization direction orthogonal to the first polarization direction. The polarization beam splitter is disposed on the intersection of the optical paths of the first light beam and the second light beam for reflecting the first light beam and permitting the second light beam to pass through, such that the first light beam reflected by the polarization beam splitter coincides with the second light beam passing through the polarization beam splitter. Thus, the illumination system provides a light beam with better convergence. Besides, a projection apparatus having the illumination system mentioned above is also provided.

Abstract: A light source system comprises a light source disposed within a non-imaging optical element. The non-imaging optical element does not produce a direct image of the light source, and the output light field at the output surface of the non-imaging optical element has an intensity that is substantially uniform over the area of the output surface. A light source system of the invention is therefore smaller and lighter than a prior art system of the same output power, since there is no need to provide further components, such as an integrator, to homogenise the output light field.

Abstract: An image display device includes an image processing unit, a light source assembly, an optical modulator assembly, and a projection lens assembly. The image processing unit is configured to receive a video signal and generate image data and control signals. The light source assembly and optical modulator assembly are each controlled by the control signals such that the light source assembly generates illumination in a spatial distribution pattern that is coupled to optical modular assembly via a homogenizing device. The projection lens assembly is configured to project an image from the optical modulator assembly onto a viewing surface. The optical modular assembly is configured to maximize the amount of illumination coupled from the light source assembly, and includes at least one optical modulator surface configured to have a substantially 1:1 aspect ratio.

Abstract: A projection system includes a light source module illuminating a plurality of monochromic lights, at least one optical modulator modulating the lights illuminated by the light source module according to each of color signals, a color combining prism combining the monochromic lights modulated by the optical modulator to form an image, and a projection lens projecting the image formed by the color combining prism toward a screen. A semiconductor diode including a P type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and an N type semiconductor layer to absorb or transmit the monochromic lights according to the value of a reverse bias voltage is arranged in units of pixels.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus able to improve the utilization efficiency of light and attain a high luminance of light. An optical waveguide for guiding light emitted from a light source is provided, and a color separator for transmitting predetermined color light included in the light guided by the optical waveguide and for reflecting predetermined color light included in the guided light is also provided. The light reflected by the color separator is guided by the optical waveguide and is thereafter reflected by a reflecting member. The light reflected by the reflecting member is radiated into the optical waveguide and conducted thereby to the color separator.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, includes a housing including an inlet passage through which a fluid is introduced, an outlet passage from which the fluid is discharged, an inner communication space in which the fluid flows from the inlet passage and the outlet passage, and a plurality of unit plates of thin flat plates that are disposed in parallel to a flowing direction of the fluid, the plurality of unit plates layered in a direction to be substantially orthogonal to the flowing direction, the plurality of unit plates each having a fin in parallel to the flowing direction of the fluid, a frame enclosing the fin and projecting in an out-of-plane direction of the fin, and holes respectively communicating with the inlet passage and the outlet passage. Heat is exchanged between a heating body attached on an outer surface of the housing and the fluid.

Abstract: A projector apparatus (10) is used in which an optical portion (100) is offset so that an image light projected on a projection surface (20A) becomes suitable for a screen (20) provided in an inclined form, whereby an image free from any of strains can be simply projected on the screen (20) provided simply on a desk or the like. In addition, since the projection surface (20A) is constructed so as to have a screen gain, satisfactory visibility is obtained even with a projector apparatus having a smaller luminance than that of a large projector apparatus.

Abstract: A rear projection display system (RPDS) and associated optical system are described with a reduced field angle. The RPDS includes a screen and a housing. The optical system includes a light engine, a first mirror, a second mirror and a Fresnel lens arranged to achieve a thin housing. The light engine is generally disposed in an upper region of the housing, and projects light onto the first mirror, which can be located at a bottom portion of the housing. The first mirror reflects the projected light onto the second mirror, which in turns reflects the light towards the Fresnel lens, which transfers the light onto the screen. A total internal reflection Fresnel lens is used to reduce cost and complexity without sacrificing image quality and housing thinness. An image processing device can also be used to compensate for geometric and optical distortions in the final image displayed on the screen.

Abstract: The invention provides a projection type image-displaying system in which a user can readily adjust brightness and color purity of a projected image, a projection type image-displaying apparatus, and a lamp lighting-controlling method. A projector apparatus (10) recognizes an apparatus (a PC apparatus (30) or a recording/reproducing apparatus (40)) connected to the projector apparatus (10), and a user or designer selects an image mode menu corresponding to an image signal input and causes the image mode menu thus selected to be displayed on a screen (50). As a result, when a projection type image-displaying system is used, the user or designer can readily and intuitively adjust brightness and color purity in order to obtain ones which he/she likes while looking at an image displayed on the screen (50).

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprises a plurality of light sources, each of which outputs light having a different color than the other light sources, and a digital micro mirror device (DMD) panel having a plurality of mirror elements. The plurality of mirror elements reflect light output from the light sources in one of a first direction, for displaying an image, and a second direction different from the first direction. The apparatus further includes a detecting part which detects the quantity of light reflected in the second direction by at least one mirror element of the DMD panel, and an adjusting control part which determines the quantity of light output from the respective light sources based on the detection by the detecting part, and which adjusts light output of the light sources based on the determined quantity of light output from the light sources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for creating and displaying images. An inner lens of transparent sheet material is formed, which may have a generally pyramidal configuration and presents a plurality of inner sides. A plurality of image sectors are created equal in number to the number of inner sides and are assembled on a medium, which may be translucent, conforming in shape to the inner sides. An outer lens is formed of transparent sheet material and presents outer sides conforming in shape to the shape of the inner sides. The inner lens nests within the outer lens with the image medium held therebetween to provide an envelope assembly. The envelope assembly may be supported on a lamp base whereby a light source backlights and penetrates the image to create a desired visual effect.

Abstract: A display frame for changing of multiple pictures used as a picture frame or an advertisement billboard, it comprises in an assembly of a framework, multiple pictures, a grating plate and a movably mounted motor; the pictures and the grating plate are assembled in the framework, a leaf of specific shape is driven by the motor to change the positions or angular positions of a picture sheet or the grating plate, thereby effects that the pictures on the grating plate are automatically changed and entirely presented in prolonged times are achieved.

Abstract: A pixel position acquiring method includes displaying a first line image having a plurality of straight lines extending along a vertical direction of the image generating device and a second line image having a plurality of straight lines extending along a horizontal direction of the image generating device, capturing a display image based on the first and second line image and acquiring first or second image-capturing data, cutting a plurality of image-capturing lines mapped on the first and second image-capturing data per a region including each image-capturing line, setting an approximate function expressing each image-capturing line in the first and second image-capturing data on the basis of the region of each cut image-capturing line, and calculating, on the basis of the approximate functions, an association between the pixel position of the image generating device and the position where the pixel position is mapped on the image-capturing data.

Abstract: A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus (110) is designed for immersion operation in which an immersion liquid (134) adjoins a photosensitive layer (126). The refractive index of the immersion liquid is greater than the refractive index of a medium (L5; 142; L205; LL7; LL8; LL9). that adjoins the immersion liquid on the object side of the projection objective (120; 120?; 120?). The projection objective is designed such that the immersion liquid (134) is convexly curved towards the object plane (122) during immersion operation.

Abstract: An immersion photolithography system includes a lens system positioned to focus radiation emitted from the radiation source onto a workpiece or wafer on a stage. A liquid supply system provides liquid between the lens of the lens system closest to the wafer. A seal element encloses a volume of liquid which keeps the lower or wetted surface of the lens wet. The seal element may be located at a lens parking location adjacent to the stage. The system provides an improved way for keeping the lens wet between exposure processing.

Abstract: In an immersion lithography system, a moveable substrate unit is formed from a substrate and at least one optical element, with immersion liquid between them. The immersion liquid and the optical element move in unison with the substrate. Movement of the substrate unit reduces refractive index disturbance produced by turbulence during exposure scans. The projection optical system is enhanced with a dynamic axial compensation group. Elements in the dynamic axial compensation group can move to compensate aberrations caused by deviation of axial symmetry due to movement of the optical element in the substrate unit. The space in the substrate unit filled with immersion liquid may be dynamically controlled to provide proper working distance. If the optical element in the substrate unit has optical power, both resolution and depth of focus may be enhanced. Even if the optical element has no optical power, depth of focus may still be enhanced.

Abstract: In an immersion lithography system, a moveable substrate unit is formed from a substrate and at least one optical element, with immersion liquid between them. The immersion liquid and the optical element move in unison with the substrate. Movement of the substrate unit reduces refractive index disturbance produced by turbulence during exposure scans. The projection optical system is enhanced with a dynamic axial compensation group. Elements in the dynamic axial compensation group can move to compensate aberrations caused by deviation of axial symmetry due to movement of the optical element in the substrate unit. The space in the substrate unit filled with immersion liquid may be dynamically controlled to provide proper working distance. If the optical element in the substrate unit has optical power, both resolution and depth of focus may be enhanced. Even if the optical element has no optical power, depth of focus may still be enhanced.

Abstract: An illumination system for a microlithography projection exposure installation is used to illuminate an illumination field with the light from a primary light source (11). The illumination system has a light distribution device (25) which receives light from the primary light source and, from this light, produces a two-dimensional intensity distribution which can be set variably in a pupil-shaping surface (31) of the illumination system. The light distribution device has at least one optical modulation device (20) having a two-dimensional array of individual elements (21) that can be controlled individually in order to change the angular distribution of the light incident on the optical modulation device. The device permits the variable setting of extremely different illuminating modes without replacing optical components.

Abstract: An array of individually controllable elements is comprised of elements, each formed of a stack of layers of dielectric material. At least one layer is an electro-optical material. The at least one layer's refractive index for radiation that is plane polarized in a given direction can be changed by application of a voltage in order to change the reflection/transmission characteristic of the boundary between this layer and the adjacent layer.

Abstract: A pattern forming process and a pattern forming apparatus comprising forming a liquid receptive particle layer on an intermediate transfer body in a specified area by using liquid receptive particles capable of receiving a recording liquid containing a recording material; applying a liquid droplet of the recording liquid on a specified position of liquid receptive particle layer according to specified data, trapping the recording material near the surface of the liquid receptive particle layer on the intermediate transfer body, and forming a pattern of the recording material near the surface of the liquid receptive particle layer; and removing the liquid receptive particle layer provided with the recording liquid from the intermediate transfer body so that the pattern may be positioned between the transfer object and the liquid receptive particle layer, and transferring the liquid receptive particle layer to the transfer object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for finding a relative direction to, a radial speed of, and a distance to a target is described. A laser source illuminates the target and the Doppler shifted return beam is incident upon a window system at an angle and is transmitted therethrough. The magnitude of the transmitted Doppler shifted beam decreases due to Fresnel transmittance. Opposing photomixers then detect this transmitted Doppler shifted beam, thereby creating a pair of detection signals that are mixed with a local oscillator signal. The mixing process creates Doppler frequency signals that are subsequently processed to determine the radial speed of the target. Due to the Doppler frequency component of the signals, objects in the same direction, but moving at different radial speeds, can be discriminated, as the relative direction processing occurs after the Doppler processing.

Abstract: In order that an installation for coating panes of glass can be operated more reliably, the invention proposes a modification of the light barriers used in the installation. On the receiver side of these light barriers there is a row of individual cells which are more or less shaded according to the thickness of the glass pane passing through the ray path of the light barrier. Some cells always deliver a significantly reduced signal which can be evaluated as a reliable indication of the presence of an object in the ray path.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining motion of an optical sensor including a periodic photo-diode array relative to a surface. The method includes steps of (i) generating sets of quasi-sinusoidal signals responsive to motion along first and second directions; (ii) combining the sets of signals to generate a wrapped phase angle value for each direction at a first time; (iii) combining the sets of signals at a second time to generate a second wrapped phase angle value for each direction; (iv) computing wrapped phase angle changes for each direction between the first time and the second time; (v) computing velocity predictors for each direction using corrected average phase angle changes from a number of preceding successive frames; (vi) calculating the number of full 27? rotations needed to unwrap the phase angle changes for each direction using the velocity predictors; and (vii) computing the unwrapped or corrected phase angle changes.

Abstract: An apparatus may be provided for determining a signature from an article in a reading volume of the apparatus. The apparatus can comprise a source operable to generate a coherent beam and a beam directing member operable to direct the coherent beam into the reading volume. The apparatus may also comprise a detector arrangement for collecting signals created by scatter of the coherent beam within the reading volume, wherein different ones of the signals relate to scatter from different parts of the reading volume, the detector arrangement having a numerical aperture greater than a predetermined minimum and a processor operable to determine a signature for an article in the reading volume from the collected signals. Use of such apparatus can be repeated whenever required to test authenticity of the article.

Abstract: Methods for applying security tags and/or data to currency and other documents and systems for use are provided.

Abstract: A high-density channels detecting device for detecting a sample is provided. The high density detecting-device has a light source for emitting a light beam, a collimator, a beam splitter, and a high-density channels imaging device. The collimator arranged on the beam path is used for collimating the emitted light beam. The beam splitter reflects the light beam incident from the collimator to the sample, and the light beam reflected by the sample passes through the beam splitter. The imaging device receives the light beam passing through the beam splitter, and has a light collector and a multi-channel kernel module for receiving the light beam from the light collector. By using the light collector, the light beam incident to the kernel module is parallel to the optical axis of the kernel module.

Abstract: Semiconductor manufacturing apparatus 1 that manufactures semiconductor devices by applying a prescribed processing on a sample 2 in a semiconductor manufacturing process includes: an image capturing unit 24 that captures the image of a surface of the sample 2 before and after the prescribed processing; a defect detection unit 28 that detects defects in the images of the sample 2 captured before and after the prescribed processing; and a defect increase/decrease detection unit 32 that detects the increase and decrease of defects which are found after the prescribed processing compared to before the prescribed processing.

Abstract: A system for monitoring foreign matter includes a manufacturing line having plural process processing apparatuses, a production management system which manages the processing of workpieces in the manufacturing line, plural optical heads which monitor foreign matter in relation to at least one of the workpieces, and which provide an output signal indicative thereof, and at least one image signal processing unit provided in a lesser number than a number of the plural optical heads for processing the output signal therefrom.

Abstract: Inclusions in a transparent panel (5) are detected by placing a light transmissive interface (3) in contact with the panel (5), and transmitting a beam of light (1) through interface (3) into panel (5). Within the panel (5), the light beam (7) propagates along a path including total internal reflections at surfaces of panel (5). When the light beam (1) intercepts inclusions (10) or other defects at least some of it is scattered, and leaves the panel (5). This scattered light is then observed. Thus, a large zone of the panel (5) can be inspected, with light only being detected in the case that it arises from scattering by inclusions or other defects.

Abstract: A Raman spectroscopy system is disclosed which includes a sub-wavelength resonant grating filter and a photodiode with integrated sub-wavelength resonant grating filter are disclosed. The resonant grating filter comprises an array of diffraction elements having a periodic spacing that is less than the wavelength of radiation to be filtered and which are formed over a waveguide layer. The filter, which can reject a specific wavelength of radiation, can be placed between a Raman sample and a Raman detector in order to filter radiation that is elastically scattered from the sample while transmitting other wavelengths. The wavelength rejected by the filter can be selected by tilting the filter with respect to the radiation incident upon the filter.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor having a bean-splitting interferometer, a spectrometer and an analyzer, wherein said corrosion sensor is a contactless corrosion sensor configured to scan a sample comprising corroded and non-corroded areas, and further wherein said spectrometer collects Raman signatures from said sample, and said analyzer maps the corroded and non-corroded areas is disclosed. The corrosion sensor could be used for evaluation the degree of corrosion in the fuselage or engine of an aircraft, for example.

Abstract: A sensor having a beam emitter that emits a first beam comprising laser, a spectrometer and an array detector, wherein the first beam is to strike a fluid that produces a second beam comprising a Raman signal and the array detector comprises a plurality of detectors, further wherein the sensor is capable of detecting the presence or absence of the fluid in a given space without contacting the fluid is disclosed. The sensor could be used for spectroscopic detection of a fluid by generating a first beam comprising laser, striking the first beam to the fluid to produce a second beam having a Raman signal, passing the second beam through a spectrometer and analyzing the Raman signal of the second beam to the detect the presence or absence of the fluid. The uses of the sensor include detecting of fuel in a pipeline during midair refueling.

Abstract: A sensor structure, and a method if using and manufacturing the sensor structure. The manufacture of the sensor structure may include the steps of providing a deposition solution in the pores of an anodic alumina membrane, distributing the deposition solution in the pores of the membrane, heating the membrane to evaporate the solvent and deposit the nano particles, cleaning the membrane and repeating the procedure until a predetermined size and distribution of the deposited nano particles is achieved.

Abstract: Use of a single line for switching multiple monitoring elements on/off, and a single line for sending signals to, or receiving signals from, those elements that are switched on. Monitoring elements each have an associated switching element, and each switching element is connected to a common switching line, or control line. A signal from the control line turns each switch on or off. Each monitoring element is also connected to a single signal line, and only those monitoring elements that are turned on can transmit/receive data signals along this signal line.

Abstract: An encapsulated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag. The tag includes a metal core and an encapsulant, typically a glass encapsulant. The encapsulant is further derivatized with a polymer.

Abstract: A spatial filter for an optical system, such as an optical spectrometer, collects and spatially filters light using a fiber bundle having a plurality of fibers disposed therein. At an input end of the fiber bundle, the fibers are typically packed tightly together to optimize the collection efficiency. At an output end, the fibers are spread out from the fiber bundle and arranged within a two-dimensional output area according to a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to a coded aperture function. As a result, the two-dimensional pattern of the output end spatially filters the light collected by the input end. Corresponding methods are also described.

Abstract: A spectroscopic microscope includes a laser or other light source which emits light from the entrance aperture of its spectrograph, and also includes a light sensor situated on the microscope sample stage upon which a specimen is to be situated for microscopic/spectrometric analysis. The sample stage is positioned such that the signal from the light sensor is maximized, thereby indicating good alignment between the sample stage and spectrograph. Additionally, the microscope sample stage bears a light source which can emit light to be detected by a light sensor situated at the vantage point of a user/viewer utilizing the microscope, and such a light sensor can simply take the form of a video camera or other image recordation unit associated with the microscope. The sample stage can also be positioned to optimize the signal at the light sensor to signify good alignment between the sample stage and the microscope.

Abstract: A spectral filtering apparatus and method is presented, which enables the functions of hyperspectral imaging to be performed with increased speed, simplicity, and performance that are required for commercial products. The apparatus includes a photosensitive array having a plurality of photosensitive elements such that different subsections of photosensitive elements of the array receive light of a different wavelength range of a characteristic spectrum of a target, and output electronics combines signals of at least two photosensitive elements in a subsection of the array and outputs the combined signal as a measure of the optical energy within a bandwidth of interest of the characteristic spectrum.

Abstract: Computed tomography imaging spectrometers (“CTIS”s) having color focal plane array detectors are provided. The color FPA detector may comprise a digital color camera including a digital image sensor, such as a Foveon X3® digital image sensor or a Bayer color filter mosaic. In another embodiment, the CTIS includes a pattern imposed either directly on the object scene being imaged or at the field stop aperture. The use of a color FPA detector and the pattern improves the accuracy of the captured spatial and spectral information.

Abstract: A monochromator for use in a spectrograph admits light from an aperture to a primary reflector (preferably an off-axis parabolic mirror) which collimates the input light with low aberration and directs it to a diffraction grating. The component wavelengths of the input light are then directed to first and second secondary reflectors (preferably spherical or toroidal mirrors), which are chosen to cooperatively focus the component wavelengths in ordered bands across an array detector while each at least substantially cancels the effects of any aberrations introduced by the other. By choosing optical elements which supply the grating with input light with low aberration, and then choosing optical elements which receive the component wavelengths from the grating and which offset any aberrations introduced by the other receiving optical elements, wavelength resolution at the detector can be enhanced.