Abstract: An edge router (disposed between a packet-switched network and a label-switching network) is configured to receive an IKE message originating from a client on the Internet (e.g., packet-switched network) attempting to set up a tunnel. Upon receipt of the IKE message, the edge router utilizes a unique identifier in the IKE message to identify a virtual private network in the label-switching network. In lieu of terminating an IPSec tunnel at the edge router and performing a respective key exchange with the client, the edge router identifies a corresponding forwarding table associated with the virtual private network (identified by the unique identifier in the IKE message) and, based on the corresponding forwarding table, forwards the IKE message to a destination reachable via the label-switching network. The destination (e.g., a key server in a corresponding VPN) communicates with the client through the edge router to set up the tunnel.

Abstract: A plurality of data messages is received. Each of the data messages has an associated source address and a destination address. A data link is selected to transfer each of the data messages based upon the source address and destination address of the data message. The data link is selected from amongst a plurality of data links. The selecting purposefully causes a substantially uniform distribution of the plurality of data messages to be made across the plurality of data links with respect to a given period of time.

Abstract: A subscriber notifies a concentrator of a desired target identifier. An originator collects target identifiers received by a sensor which receives a target identifier transmitted from a target device. The originator transmits the collected target identifiers to the concentrator. The concentrator notifies the subscriber of the originator when the target identifiers transmitted from the originator includes the desired target identifier. The subscriber notifies the originator of a specification. The originator transmits a message to the subscriber in accordance with the specification, the message including the desired target identifier and other target identifiers received at about the same time as the desired target identifier.

Abstract: A system for setting network parameters is provided. The system is arranged in a network device connected to a client, and includes a detecting module, a packet determining module, a transmission module, and a parameter setting module. The detecting module detects packets from the client at a port. The packet determining module determines types of the packets, the types of the packet including a SET packet. The transmission module transmits corresponding response packets to the client according to the types of the packet. The parameter setting module sets network parameters of the network device and the client according to the SET packet. A method for setting network parameters is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for structuring IP identification packets and allotting IP addresses. The apparatus includes a IP control unit which reads out an IP address of a predetermined device contained in the IP identification packet, and determines if it is identical to IP address of the device that received the IP identification packet, and an IP-allotting unit which re-allots an IP address of the device that received the IP identification packet when the read IP address and the IP address of the device that received the IP identification packet are identical.

Abstract: Method, system and program product are provided for reducing size of memory required for a switching node's forwarding table by employing forwarding tables of different types to map received data packets addressed to downstream nodes and upstream nodes to appropriate output ports of the switching node. The method includes receiving a data packet at a data transfer node of a network and selecting a forwarding table from multiple types of forwarding tables accessible by the node based on an attribute associated with the received data packet, and mapping the data packet to an output port of the node utilizing the forwarding table selected from the multiple types of forwarding tables based on the attribute associated with the packet.

Abstract: The message switching system (51) comprises at least two inputs (52, 53, 54, 55) and at least one output (56), first arbitration means (62) dedicated to said output (56), and management means (64) designed to determine a relative order OR(i,j) of one input relative to the other, for any pair of separate inputs belonging to the system (51) and having sent requests for the assignment of said output (56), and designed to assign said output (56). Said management means (64) comprise storage means (70) designed to store said relative orders OR(i,j), initialization means (66) designed to initialize said relative orders OR(i,j) such that only one of said inputs takes priority on initialization, and updating means (68) designed to update all of said relative orders when a new request arrives at said first arbitration means (62), or when said output is assigned to one of said inputs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device, as well as a method, of a multi-service IP-phone. The device and method comprise an IP-phone, to be used for making intercom and inbound/outbound phone calls through a LAN or the Internet, and a network control unit, to be used to control the data transmitting through the network. By connecting the IP-phone with network devices and computer devices, one can not only use the IP-phone to receive and make phone calls, but also use the computer devices to access the LAN or the internet via the IP-phone, which at the same time, with its built-in network control unit, provides such functions as LAN/internet security, data security, packet filtering, bandwidth management, traffic shaping (load balance), and virtual private network (VPN).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to operate a wireless user equipment, a wireless user equipment, a computer program product, and an apparatus. The method includes, in response to operation during a Baseline Procedure when no absolute grant (AG) is received from a wireless network node, determining if there was a scheduled transmission in a previous transmission time interval of a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process and, if there was, using a serving relative grant (SRG) and, if it is determined instead that there was not a scheduled transmission in the previous transmission time interval of the HARQ process, not using the SRG if it is determined that there was a scheduling information (SI) event alone in the previous transmission time interval of the HARQ process.

Abstract: An access control mechanism in a network connecting one or more sink devices to a server providing audio/visual data (A/V) in streams. As a sink device requests access, the server measures available bandwidth to the sink device. If the measurement of available bandwidth is completed before the sink device requests a stream of audio/visual data, the measured available bandwidth is used to set transmission parameters of the data stream in accordance with a Quality of Service (QoS) policy. If the measurement is not completed when the data stream is requested, the data stream is nonetheless transmitted. In this scenario, the data stream may be transmitted using parameters computed using a cached measurement of the available bandwidth to the sink device. If no cached measurement is available, the data stream is transmitted with a low priority until a measurement can be made. Once the measurement is available, the transmission parameters of the data stream are re-set.

Abstract: An efficient policer based weighted fairness bandwidth distribution system is disclosed. The system is based on a plurality of policers and a single queue. To achieve fairness, the rate for queuing packets is adaptively controlled. Specifically, first the queue occupancy is determined and it then is used for computing an attenuation (Attn) value. This value is multiplied by the excess information rate (EIR) of each policer to get a new EIR to be enforced.

Abstract: For improved performance of a network team having a plurality of communication ports, each one of the plurality of communication ports is assigned a priority, the priority being assigned is based on at least one criteria. A communications load of the network team is distributed between each one of the plurality of communication ports in accordance with its corresponding priority.

Abstract: Techniques for processing an IP packet at a router that supports SS7 signaling include receiving IP routing data that associates a network link and a destination IP address for a node in a signaling network that includes a plurality of signaling nodes. When an ingress IP data packet is received, it is determined whether conditions are satisfied for locally processing an SS7 payload within the ingress IP data packet. If it is determined that conditions are satisfied for locally processing the SS7 payload, then the SS7 payload is processed locally, i.e., without sending the SS7 payload over a network link to a different node in the signaling network. If it is determined that conditions are not satisfied for locally processing the SS7 payload, then the ingress IP data packet is routed normally. These techniques allow reduced numbers of expensive STP devices and expanded routing options in a signaling network.

Abstract: High throughput channel operation in a mesh wireless local area network (WLAN) is disclosed. A mesh network comprises a plurality of mesh points and a network management entity (NME). The NME is configured to retrieve capability and configuration data from the mesh points. The NME configures at least one mesh point with respect to IEEE 802.11n channelization and legacy protection mode based on the capability and configuration data.

Abstract: The invention provides a data communication system in which a private IP terminal (client terminal) 40 arranged on a private network within a firewall makes connection to a public server 50 by automatically searching for a communication path capable of passing through the firewall. The terminal arranged within the firewall is provided with path search means for automatically searching for a combination of a connection type, a port number, and a communication protocol capable of passing through the firewall by attempting connection to the public server 50 while successively modifying the combination of the connection type, the port number, and the communication protocol, and data communication means for performing data communication by forming a communication path with the public server 50 based on the searched combination of the connection type, the port number, and the communication protocol.

Abstract: A method for implementing resources reservation in an access configuration mode in an NGN, including: when a subscriber accesses a network, an NAAF sending a resources request message to a resources mediation PDF; after receiving the resources request message, the resources mediation PDF making an admission decision according to network operator policy rules and availability of resources, send an admission installation command to a BGF, setting and keeping the corresponding admission decision parameters information in the BGF. Thus, the BGF performs packet forwarding operations as classifying, marking, shaping, and discarding on the user traffic entering the network according to the admission decision information so as to ensure the QoS class required by the user. Therefore, an applicable solution for implementing resources reservation in the access configuration mode in the NGN is provided.

Abstract: A connection adapter is disposed intervening between a communication module for connection to a radio packet communication network and high-level equipment. The connection adapter transmits in response to a TCP packet received from the high-level equipment a confirming response packet to the high-level equipment on behalf of a management computer, which is the communication destination, and the confirming response packet received from the management computer is discarded.

Abstract: High availability BGP4 is based on redundant hardware as well as redundant software that replicates the RUN state of BGP4. There are two copies, respectively active and backup, of BGP4 running on two separate redundant hardware platforms. All BGP4 internal implementations apply various methods to replicate the running state of BGP4 independently of peer network routers. When this hardware or software fails on one redundant hardware platform, peer routers are unaware of the failure. Internally, based on duplicative states, the local router recovers from the failure and keeps the protocol running. During the recovery period, the local router can bring up a backup again. In the HA architecture, these activities are not detected by peer routers, such that there is no instability to the Internet backbone caused by BGP4 failure.

Abstract: To enhance the upstream data traffic management in an EPON, a scheme is employed to allocate transmission windows for upstream data transmitted from the subscribers' ONUs to an OLT. The queues of a logical link are grouped into queue containers, and the OLT allocates upstream transmission windows to the queue containers. Logical links assigns the upstream transmission window allocated to a queue container to the queues in the queue containers.

Abstract: Streams of packets are dynamically switched among dedicated and shared queues. For example, when a packet stream is in a maintenance mode (such as to keep a tunnel or packet stream associated with a server active) all packet traffic received over a packet stream is directed into the shared queue while the packet stream is not associated with one of the dedicated queues. In response to a detected change in the packet activity status of packet traffic (e.g., the establishment of a call or an increase in packet traffic, especially desirous of individualized quality of service) over a particular packet stream of the packet streams, the particular packet stream is associated with a particular group of dedicated queues such that at least non-control data traffic received over the particular packet stream is subsequently directed into the particular group of dedicated queues while the particular packet stream remains associated with the particular group of dedicated queues.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a system and method that clears information in a stalled output queue of a crossbar are disclosed. Briefly described, one embodiment is a method comprising communicating a piece of information into an exit queue residing in the output queue, monitoring a time that the piece of information resides in the exit queue, and clearing of the piece of information from the exit queue when the monitored time exceeds a predefined time.

Abstract: It is possible to detect communication partner state information between edge nodes without using a broker. Additional information is needed to achieve the aforementioned object.

Abstract: There is provided a method for placing reference signals in a wireless communication system. The method includes preparing a plurality of sub-frames for a plurality of antennas, placing a reference signal for one sub-frame and placing a reference signal for another sub-frame not to overlap with the reference signal for one sub-frame, wherein the reference signal for one sub-frame and the reference signal for another sub-frame are successively placed on contiguous OFDM symbols or on the contiguous sub-carriers. Channel estimation or data demodulation can be prevented from performance degradation.

Abstract: Media access control is provided for an ultra-wide band medium. The media access control may employ a peer-to-peer network topology. The media access control may employ a reduced addressing scheme. Concurrent ultra-wide band channels may be established through the use of a pulse division multiple access channelization scheme. Multiple media access control states may be defined whereby each state may be associated with one or more of different channel parameter state information, different duty cycles, and different synchronization status.

Abstract: Disclosed is a signal processing method and system for routing audio and/or video data. The signal processing system comprises an input device for receiving audio and/or video data over multiple input paths and for combining the data from the plural input paths into serial data of a serialized data block. A user interface for controlling a reordering of the serial data contained within the serialized data block is included within the signal processing system. The signal processing system also comprises an output device for distributing a first portion of the serial data in the serialized data block to a first output path and a second portion of the serial data of the serialized data block to a second output path.

Abstract: If a request for communication-band allocation control that is based upon narrowband QoS control is issued during execution of communication-band allocation control by an access point based upon broadband QoS control, a response is issued to instruct that the request be issued again following elapse of a stipulated time. If communication-band allocation control that is in progress ends and a request for communication-band allocation control is issued again following elapse of the stipulated time, then this communication-band allocation control is executed.

Abstract: In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises a method for using the remaining TxOP time by the peer node to forward traffic to a different destination, a method for using the remaining TxOP time by the original node to send traffic to a different destination, a method for using the remaining TxOP time by a neighbor to send traffic to the original node, a method for using the remaining TxOP time by a neighbor to send traffic to another node, a method to signal the reuse rules of the remaining TxOP time, and a method to efficiently relinquish/truncate a TxOP to reset the NAV for the neighborhood.

Abstract: Apparatus having corresponding methods and computer programs comprise a first first-in first-out buffer (FIFO) to receive and store data from a media access controller (MAC); a physical-layer device (PHY) to transmit a signal representing the data; and a control circuit comprising a read circuit to transfer the data from the first FIFO to the PHY, and a transmit pause circuit to transmit a pause frame to the MAC when an amount of the data stored in the first FIFO exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In order to increase the efficiency of large-capacity transmission, the continuity of divided signals generated by dividing a multiplexed signal is maintained and the original large-capacity multiplexed signal is restored. A signal dividing section divides a multiplexed signal to generate a plurality of divided signals in the STS or STM transmission interface format. A guarantee information adding section adds guarantee information for guaranteeing the continuity of the divided signals to each of the divided signals to generate transmission signals. A signal sending section sends the transmission signals via a transmission line in the transmission interface format. A signal receiving section receives the transmission signals. A signal restoring section restores the multiplexed signal by constructing the divided signals on the basis of the guarantee information.

Abstract: In one aspect, a device that communicates with a customer premises equipment of a subscriber via a coaxial cable is provided. The device increases the upstream traffic for the subscriber. Furthermore, the device is migrated into a network such that the subscriber does not have to change their customer premises equipment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for transmitting low rate signals over an optical transport network, including: adapting the low rate signals into low rate optical channel data units of the same rate level with the low rate signals; asynchronously mapping each of the low rate optical channel data units into a low rate optical channel data tributary unit respectively, and generating justification overhead used for rate adaptation for each of the low rate optical channel data units; and forming a higher order optical channel data unit with at least one low rate optical channel data tributary unit and justification overhead corresponding to the low rate optical channel data tributary unit. The present invention enables the optical transport network to support mapping, multiplexing and highly efficient transmission of low rate signals.

Abstract: Methods and devices for coordinating and displaying electronic signals are disclosed.

Abstract: An audio and video synchronization compensation method and apparatus for smoothly compensating audio and video synchronization in an audio and video system such as a DTV and a DVD player are provided. The apparatus includes a signal decoder unit which extracts time information for reproducing a video and/or audio signal and reference operation time information of a reproduction system from an input compressed stream; a signal synchronization control unit which determines the reproduction state of a signal by comparing reproduction time information of the stream with reference time information of the system, measures the difference between the reproduction time information and the reference time information in the determined signal reproduction state, and adjusts a transition speed used to approach from a signal reproduction interval to a signal synchronization interval according to a reproduction speed value of a pattern corresponding to the difference.

Abstract: An all-optical logic gates comprises a nonlinear element such as an optical resonator configured to receive optical input signals, at least one of which is amplitude-modulated to include data. The nonlinear element is configured in relation to the carrier frequency of the optical input signals to perform a logic operation based on the resonant frequency of the nonlinear element in relation to the carrier frequency. Based on the optical input signals, the nonlinear element generates an optical output signal having a binary logic level. A combining medium can be used to combine the optical input signals for discrimination by the nonlinear element to generate the optical output signal. Various embodiments include all-optical AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, OR, XOR, and XNOR gates and memory latch.

Abstract: A surface emitting semiconductor laser device which can be manufactured easily and inexpensively and in which the direction of polarization of a laser beam can be controlled into a fixed direction. An oxidizing treatment is applied to a current confinement layer to form a current passage region in a rectangular shape having an in-plane anisotropy. In addition, a pair of trenches with their side surfaces, on the side of a beam outgoing aperture, set to be parallel to either of the diagonal direction of the current passage region is provided at opposite positions with the beam outgoing aperture as a center therebetween. The direction of polarization of the laser beam made to go out through the beam outgoing aperture is specified into only one direction, whereby the direction of polarization can be accurately controlled to a fixed direction.

Abstract: A process and system scribe sapphire substrates, by performing the steps of mounting a sapphire substrate, carrying an array of integrated device die, on a stage such as a movable X-Y stage including a vacuum chuck; and directing UV pulses of laser energy directed at a surface of the sapphire substrate using a solid-state laser. The pulses of laser energy have a wavelength below about 560 nanometers, and preferably between about 150 in 560 nanometers. In addition, energy density, spot size, and pulse duration are established at levels sufficient to induce ablation of sapphire. Control of the system, such as by moving the stage with a stationary beam path for the pulses, causes the pulses to contact the sapphire substrate in a scribe pattern at a rate of motion causing overlap of successive pulses sufficient to cut scribe lines in the sapphire substrate.

Abstract: Cooling devices are disclosed for use with mirrors and other optical elements subject to heating during use, especially as used in lithographic exposure apparatus. The cooling devices pose minimal risk of damage caused by coolant leaks, provide simplified maintenance, and reduce vibrations while providing good cooling performance. An exemplary cooling device includes a cooling element (e.g., Peltier element) proximal to the optical element and a heat-conduction member mounted on the heat-dissipating side of the cooling element. The heat-conduction member extends, within the exposure apparatus, away from the optical element, and the extended portion of the heat-conduction member is cooled.

Abstract: An optoelectronic module includes a semiconductor structure with a substrate having a first side and a second side, a first layered structure deposited on the first side, and a second layered structure deposited on the second side. The optoelectronic module also includes driver circuitry fabricated of the first layered structure and a diode laser fabricated of the second layered structure. The driver circuitry produces a drive electrical signal supplied to the diode laser, and the diode laser produces an optical output in response to the drive electrical signal. In a preferred embodiment, the optoelectronic module also includes a temperature-sensitive element fabricated of the first or the second layered structure. The temperature-sensitive element produces a temperature dependent control signal related to the diode laser temperature.

Abstract: In a laser power control apparatus for controlling a laser power of a combination drive, first laser light Lc applied onto a first optical disk and second laser light Ld applied onto a second optical disk is collected by one photodetector 8.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an optical transmitter that installs a laser diode and a circuit to control currents supplied to the laser diode, and reduces the size of the control circuit. The transmitter includes an LD, an LD-Driver, a monitor PD, and a control unit that outputs two data for the bias and modulation currents to the driver based on the photocurrent. The control unit provides a memory whose addresses correspond to the bias current, while a data for the modulation current is set within an address of the memory. Accordingly, the control unit adjusts the bias current so as to maintain the photocurrent constant and outputs the data for the modulation current to the driver by reading information stored in the address corresponding to the bias current.

Abstract: An intersubband quantum cascade laser structure includes multiple coupled laser stages, wherein each stage has a multilayer structure including an electron injector, an active region with at least one quantum well, and an electron reflector. Electrons injected from the injector into the active region at a high energy level relax to a lower energy level with the emission of a photon at, for example, mid-infrared wavelengths. The reflector reflects electrons at the higher energy level at which they were injected and transmits electrons from the lower energy level after emission of a photon. Multiple layers of semiconductor are formed on each side of the multistage structure to provide conduction across the device and to provide optical confinement of the photons emitted.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor element by forming, on a substrate, columnar crystals of a nitride-base or an oxide-base compound semiconductor, and by using the columnar crystals, wherein on the surface of the substrate, the columnar crystals are grown while ensuring anisotropy in the direction of c-axis, by controlling ratio of supply of Group-III atoms and nitrogen, or Group-II atoms and oxygen atoms, and temperature of crystal growth, so as to suppress crystal growth in the lateral direction on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a first lead having a plate-like mounting portion on which a semiconductor laser chip is mounted and a lead portion extending from the mounting portion, a second lead extending along the lead portion of the first lead, and a retention portion made of an insulative material that integrally retains the first lead and the second lead. The mounting portion of the first lead has a back surface exposed from the retention portion, and the first lead further has a tie bar portion projecting from the mounting portion along the back surface of the mounting portion.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device includes: a waveguide structure including layers grown over a semiconductor substrate, having a width defined by sidewalls formed by etching the layers, and including a wide, a narrow, and an intermediate width portion, formed along a propagation direction; and a diffraction grating formed on the sidewalls of at least one of the wide and narrow width portions of the waveguide structure, the diffraction grating having vertical grooves periodically disposed along the propagation direction and defining a wavelength of propagation light, wherein the narrow width portion is formed in such a manner that a loss of 50% or more is given to a higher order transverse mode. An optical semiconductor device having a vertical diffraction grating is provided which can suppress generation of a higher order transverse mode and an increase in a device resistance.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, GaAs-based optoelectronic devices have an active region that includes a well layer composed of a compressively-strained semiconductor that is free, or substantially free, of nitrogen disposed between two barrier layers composed of a nitrogen- and indium-containing semiconductor.

Abstract: Laser apparatus and methods involving multiple amplified outputs are disclosed. A laser apparatus may include a master oscillator, a beam splitter coupled to the master oscillator, and two or more output heads optically coupled to the beam splitter. The beam splitter divides a signal from the master oscillator into two or more sub-signals. Each output head receives one of the two or more sub-signals. Each output head includes coupling optics optically coupled to the beam splitter. An optical power amplifier is optically coupled between the beam splitter and the coupling optics. Optical outputs from the two or more output heads do not spatially overlap at a target. The master oscillator signal may be pulsed so that optical outputs of the output heads are pulsed and substantially synchronous with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a rotary disk laser module including disk comprised of at least one lasing material. The disk further includes a first surface, a second surface and a gain region. The gain region contains excited lasing material and extends between the first and second surfaces. The lasing material may be excited by a pump beam directed onto the disk. A laser is generated when the gain region is brought into optical communication with a laser generator. The disk may move in order to enable various lasing functionality to the laser module. For instance, the disk may rotate, translate, or tilt to rotate the gain region, provide various quantum effects, or to enable heat transfer with a heat sink.

Abstract: A high power pulsed optical source includes a multi-port optical circulator and a seed source coupled to a first port of the multi-port optical circulator. The seed source is adapted to provide amplified spontaneous emission. The high power pulsed optical source also includes a first reflective device coupled to a second port of the multi-port optical circulator and a first double-pass optical amplifier coupled at a first end to a third port of the multi-port optical circulator and coupled at a second end to an amplitude modulator. The high power pulsed optical source also includes a second reflective device coupled to the amplitude modulator and an output port coupled to a fourth port of the multi-port optical circulator.

Abstract: An optical assembly, such as a multiple output diode laser pump source for EDFAs, is formed by pressing an optical array emitter chip against a standoff structure protruding from a submount such that the emitter chip deforms to match the curvature of the standoff structure. An IO chip is also juxtaposed against the standoff structure such that its optical receivers can receive optical energy from the emitter chip. The IO chip can provide various optical functions, and then provide an optical array output for coupling into an optical fiber array. The standoff structure preferably contacts the emitter chip over an aggregate contact area much smaller than the area by which the emitter chip overlaps the submount. The materials used for bonding the emitter chip and the IO chip to the submount are disposed in the recesses between standoffs and not on the contact surfaces of the standoff structure.

Abstract: An optical dilatometer includes a furnace, in which a sample may be laid on a sample carrier, and an optical system for measuring a length of the sample at different temperatures, windows for the passage of beams being provided on a sample chamber of the furnace. A light source and a collimator for generating a parallel beam path are situated on one side of the furnace, the length of the sample being detectable via a silhouette image by a sensor, situated on the diametrically opposite side of the furnace from the light source, and a lens system. This allows a simple length measurement without orientation of an optical system.