Abstract: A personal or spot area environmental management system has a low pressure air supply in fluid communication with an air nozzle and a water supply in fluid communication with a water nozzle. The air nozzle and water nozzle are arranged that the water nozzle includes a vortex in the air stream from the air nozzle reducing the pressure. The low pressure facilitates drawing water from the water supply through the water nozzle. The water exiting the water nozzle has an average diameter of 60 microns or less, which facilitates complete evaporation and effectively produces a cool, dry air stream.

Abstract: A method includes operating a compressor with a vapor injection system and selectively supplying vapor to the compressor during compressor operation through actuation of a first control valve. The method further includes closing the first control valve to prevent vapor from entering the compressor for a first predetermined time period leading up to stopping operation of the compressor and stopping the compressor with the first control valve in the closed position. The compressor is started with the first control valve in the closed position and the first control valve is maintained in the closed position for a second predetermined time period following starting of the compressor. The first control valve is opened to supply vapor to the compressor after the second predetermined time period.

Abstract: A cold plate unit includes a coolant system and a fluid system in heat exchange relationship, and a metallic unit. The coolant system has inlet and outlet manifolds and a plurality of coolant lines each including a plurality of loops. The fluid system includes at least one fluid line preferably also including a plurality of loops, and preferably is interleaved with the coolant lines. The metallic unit incorporates the coolant and fluid systems. An apparatus for cooling at least one fluid includes a cold plate and a dispenser unit. The cold plate unit includes a coil basket having a fluid system and a coolant system. The fluid system includes a plurality of fluid lines each comprising a plurality of loops. The coolant system includes coolant inlet and outlet lines, at least one inlet manifold, at least one outlet manifold and a plurality of coolant line segments each comprising a plurality of loops.

Abstract: A refrigerator (1) having a temperature switchable compartment (3) whose interior temperature can be switched among more than one alternatives is provided with: a cooling device (17) for producing cold air; a blower (14) for sending out the cold air produced by the cooling device (17) into the temperature switchable compartment (3); a temperature switchable compartment discharge damper (13) for opening and closing an air introduction path (12) through which the cooling device (17) communicates with the blower (14); and a temperature switchable compartment return damper (20) for opening and closing an air return path (19) through which an outlet port (33b), from which air in the temperature switchable compartment (3) flows out, communicates with the cooling device (17) and opens and closes a communication path (36) through which the outlet port (33b) communicates with the inlet side of the blower (14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a food refrigerator including a refrigerator compartment for storing therein kimchi, fruit, vegetables, greens, drinking water, wine, beer, etc, and an accessory storage compartment for storing therein a variety of accessories related to the use of the food stored in the refrigerator unit.

Abstract: The invention is an insulated cooler designed to keep salads and other foods and beverages cold and fresh while also providing a convenient means to serve these foods and beverages. A first insert liner capable of supporting bowls or other serving dishes is positioned near the top opening of the cooler. A second insert liner is optionally placed below the first insert liner, creating a compartment for ice or other coolants. The size of the ice-containing compartment is adjusted by vertically adjusting the second insert liner. The second insert liner is designed to drain melted ice to the base of the cooler, and the cooler itself is equipped with a drain to the exterior. The cooler includes one or two lids that can serve as serving surfaces when locked in an open position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a soldered refrigerant condenser that consists of a heat exchange network with flat pipes and corrugated ribs, of collector pipes that fluidically communicate with the flat pipes, and of a collector (10) that is arranged in parallel to one of the collector pipes. Said collector accommodates a dryer and/or a filter (31) and fluidically communicates with the collector pipe via two overflow openings (13, 14). The dryer is configured by a chamber containing a drying agent (28) and limited by a section (18) of the collector (10, 11) and two endplates (23, 24) that extend through the cross-section of the collector (10, 11).

Abstract: The process serves for generating a pressurized product by low-temperature air fractionation. Feed air (1) is compressed (2), purified (4), cooled (9) and fed to a distillation column system (12) for nitrogen-oxygen separation (11, 23). A liquid product stream (13) is taken off from the distillation column system (12) for nitrogen-oxygen separation, brought (14) in the liquid state to an elevated pressure (PIV) and at this elevated pressure (PIV) vaporized or pseudovaporized (9). The (pseudo)vaporized product stream (16) is fed (17) as pressurized product to a gas pressure reservoir (19) which has a variable pressure (PA). The elevated pressure (PIV) is varied. The elevated pressure (PIV) is varied as a function of the pressure (PA) of the gas pressure reservoir (19).

Abstract: A jewelry product whose ring shank is strengthened after ring sizing by securing a protective reinforcement plate made of a material to a recess in the ring shank. The ring shank is less susceptible to wear from abrasion than is the ring shank. The ring shank may have a decorative portion facing outwardly located diametrically opposite the recessed portion. An insert may be seated about the decorative portion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for manufacturing glass sheets are provided. The apparatus includes an inlet for delivering glass to a trough formed in a refractory body. The lowest point in the trough is located on the end opposite inlet end.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for polishing optical surfaces, comprising a rigid body (10) which is equipped with a polishing face (12) and an elastic sheet (20) which is disposed between the polishing face (12) and the optical surface to be polished. According to the invention, the polishing face (12) of the rigid body (20) takes the form of a portion of a geometric surface which is defined by at Least three parameters. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned surface is atoric. The inventive method consists in selecting the above-mentioned tool from a set of available tools, applying an elastic sheet (20) thereto, polishing at least one optical surface and changing the elastic sheet (20) before polishing other optical surfaces. The original shape is maintained with greater precision in relation to the entire surface to be polished, but particularly close to the edges and/or at the centre thereof.

Abstract: Glass articles are made by continuously emitting a plurality of strands of molten glass spaced different distances from respective preform molds, cutting through each of the strands by moving together a respective pair of blades to form a respective gob, and transporting the gobs through the respective distances to the preform molds. The pairs of blades are operated, that is moved from an open to a closed position, such that they cut through the respective strands one after the other with the first formed gob traveling through the longest distance to the respective preform mold and the last formed gob traveling through the shortest distance to the respective preform mold.

Abstract: A double-clad optical fiber fabrication method including the steps of: preparing a crystal fiber, inserting the crystal fiber into a silica capillary, attaching a sapphire tube to the periphery of the silica capillary, and applying a laser beam to the sapphire tube to increase the temperature of the sapphire tube and to further fuse the silica capillary with thermal radiation to have the fused silica capillary be wrapped about the crystal fiber, thereby forming the desired double-clad optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for transferring a portion of knitting produced by a group of needles to another group of needles of a bed in circular hosiery knitting machines with two beds or the like, in which the two beds are coaxial and face each other. At least one first bed (1) is provided with needles (11,12,13) for forming knitting, and a second bed (4) is provided with knitting engagement elements (41,42,43), which can be actuated in order to retain or pick up loops of knitting (60) formed by the needles of the first bed or to release loops of knitting, retained or picked up previously, to the needles of the first bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for assigning states to stitches of a fabric, wherein the state can vary between a first and a second state, that comprising the steps of allocating a part of the fabric, randomly assigning a state to each stitch of the allocated part of the fabric, evaluating the ratio between the number of stitches in the first state and the number of stitches in the second state, checking if the ratio lies within a predefined range of values, and restarting at step b) if the ratio lies outside the predefined range. The method may be used for manufacturing a medical compression garment.

Abstract: A seal assembly includes a ring component for coupling a seat component to a shaft. The ring component includes a first portion having an annular shape and configured to have a sealed engagement with the shaft. The ring component also includes a second portion having a flange extending radially outwardly therefrom. The ring component is configured to receive the seat component between the flange and the first portion and thus form a seal seat assembly. The flange is configured to mechanically lock the seat component relative to the ring component when the seal seat assembly is disposed on the shaft.

Abstract: The invention is a personal restraint or tagging device utilized to restrain an individual as well as provide a secure means for the transfer of digital data within the restraint device itself. The device includes a reusable central body that has mechanical structure for holding two individual single-use flexible restraints while, at the same time, providing a housing for a flash memory or equivalent electronic memory storage device that stores digital data pertinent to the arrest and subsequent incarceration of an individual. An additional removable device connects to the central hub and allows for the reading and writing of stored data using a conventional computing device. The described device may also be used with a single flexible restraint to affix the device to a piece of evidence or as an identification and memory tag on objects requiring storage of information.

Abstract: A swing handle assembly (10) comprising a lockable handle member (20) which when pivotally swung into co-operable alignment with a frame (30) enables the assembly (10) to be placed in a locked condition, wherein the end of the handle member distal from the pivotally attached end comprises a substantially deformable housing (60) located therebeneath, the housing (60) being adapted to at least partially support a locking means (40) when located therein, whereby when the assembly is locked and when a destructive outside force sufficient to cause deformation of the housing (60) is applied to a located locking means (40), the locked condition of the assembly (10) is substantially maintained.

Abstract: A steering lock apparatus for locking a steering shaft of a vehicle. The steering lock apparatus includes a motor and a lock assembly that is moved by the motor. The lock assembly includes a lock bar that moves between a lock position at which the lock bar is engaged with the steering shaft and an unlock position at which the lock bar is disengaged from the steering shaft. A magnet receptacle portion is arranged on the lock assembly. A magnet is attached to the magnet receptacle portion and moved integrally with the lock assembly. A magnetic field detection element detects a present position of the lock assembly based on a magnetic field of the magnet. The magnet is magnetically held and positioned in the magnet receptacle portion by magnetic attraction force produced between the magnet and a part of the lock assembly.

Abstract: A lock core comprises a cylinder and a shaft. The cylinder defines a chamber. The shaft is rotationally inserted in the chamber of the cylinder and defines a keyhole which comprises a first slot, a second slot in communication with the first slot, and a third slot in communication with the first slot. The first and the second slots can receive a first key. The first and the third slots can receive a second key. Accordingly, the lock core can be operated by either the first key or the second key.

Abstract: A key head cover includes a body adapted to cover an upper portion of a key. The body has a first face, a second face, and an inner cavity for retaining the upper portion of the key. A recess is provided in at least one of the first face or the second face for receiving an insert. The recess has a peripheral edge. The recess is adapted to receive an insert having a peripheral edge, such that the peripheral edge of the insert is immediately adjacent to the peripheral edge of the recess.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing animal manure into a novel and useful product. The system utilizes the combined actions of a hydrocyclone, a dehydrator, and a reactor to clean, dry, and process manure into an absorbent material. The absorbent material, which contains low levels of salt, weed seeds, and pathogens, can be used for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to animal bedding and plant growth material.

Abstract: An acid-impregnated activated carbon matrix is formed from a carbonaceous material by the addition of a mineral acid, and may be used to chemisorb ammonia from a gas stream. The ammonia reacts with the acid to form a fertilizer salt. The spent matrix may be used as a fertilizer, or the fertilizer salt may be elutriated from the matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for the continuous lengthening of a metal strip (2) by traction, said device comprising, in the strip transporting direction (R), at least three S-roll units (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) each provided with at least two rolls (8, 9 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). According to the invention, the rolls (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) are positioned in such a way that the metal strip (2) is wound round them at a roll periphery angle (a) of more than 180°, and at least the second S-roll unit (4) in the strip transporting direction (R) comprises two rolls (10, 11) with different-sized diameters (D10, D11).

Abstract: A computer controlled roll-forming apparatus is adapted to provide a repeating pattern of different longitudinal shapes to a continuous beam “on the fly” during the roll-forming process. A sweep station on the apparatus includes a primary bending roller tangentially engaging the continuous beam along the line level and an armature for biasing the continuous beam against the primary bending roller for a distance partially around a downstream side of the primary bending roller to form a sweep. Further, actuators adjustably move the armature at least partially around the downstream side of the primary bending roller between at least first and second positions for imparting multiple different longitudinal shapes into the continuous beam. In one form, the apparatus also includes a coordinated cut-off, so that when separated into bumper beam segments, the ends of the individual beam segments have a greater sweep than their center sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roll bender type machine for bending metal sheets, the machine comprising firstly a bending roller (20) driven in rotation and about which the sheet metal (32) is rolled, and secondly at least two backing rollers (19) adapted to receive and bear against a sheet while it is being bent around said bending roller (20). The backing rollers (19) being mounted to rotate freely on a support (11) that is adjustable in height so as to adapt the clearance between said bending roller (20) and said backing rollers (19) to the thickness of said sheet (32). The bending roller (20) is associated with at least one set of means (21, 23) for compensating its deflection, at least in part. The backing rollers (19) being associated with at least one set (11) of means for compensating their deflection, said set being adjustable depending on any residual deflection of said bending roller (20).

Abstract: A seamless steel tube is manufactured from a high alloy steel containing at least 5% of Cr while effectively preventing mandrel bar withdrawal troubles after elongation rolling of a material being rolled. A seamless steel tube of a high alloy steel containing at least 5% of Cr is manufactured by subjecting a material being rolled 3 to elongation rolling using a retained mandrel mill 1 in which the speed of a mandrel bar 2 in the axial direction is maintained constant while the speed of movement Vb of the mandrel bar 2, the speed Vi of the material being rolled 3 on the inlet side of the retained mandrel mill 1, and the speed Ve of the material being rolled 3 on the exit side of the retained mandrel mill 1 satisfy the relationship: 0.15 ?Vb/{Vi+Ve)/2}?0.70 by controlling the speed of movement Vb of the mandrel bar 2.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for reducing variations in the profile of a sheet metal stock are shown and described. The process includes the use of two passes, each comprising two smoothing surfaces. The smoothing surfaces of each pass are mateable to define a profile between the smoothing surfaces. The profile defined between the smoothing surfaces of the first pass is substantially the inverse of the profile defined between the smoothing surfaces of the second pass. As a sheet metal is processed between the first and second passes, it is formed with the first profile and the second profile thereby reducing variations in the profile of the sheet metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tool being used to crimp a ring onto a pipe joint, which includes two half-die members having each bore openings and a recess formed at their rear end portion for receiving a body member to be connected therewith by dowell pins, and further at their front end portion is formed a recess for receiving a threaded rod coupled to a clamp bolt. The threaded rod is engaged therein a threaded bore formed thereon a bushing passing through two bores located thereof each side of the lower half-die member. The clamp bolt is blocked therein the bushing by a spring pin to be engaged therethrough a hole formed therewith and through a hole formed therein the threaded rod. Further, the both half-die members are disposed in alignment with the bore openings for receiving the ring that is crimped onto the pipe joint by the use of a handle having at each end portion a notch to prevent the handle to be pulled out of the clamp bolt.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided to allow a user to ream a hole to an accurate final diameter as desired, and at the same time, to cold work the hole to induce a beneficial residual stress that will enhance the life of the component by retarding the onset and growth of fatigue cracks in the hole. The basic design of the device has an elongated body having a forward end portion to extend through a hole to be reamed and cold worked, a reamer section formed on the circumference of the forward end portion to enlarge the hole, and a burnishing section formed on the circumference of the elongated body adjacent to the reamer. The burnishing section is operative to upset the material around the hole, so as to result in a residual stress beneficial to the hole. The reamer section is in the form of a plurality of cutting edges extending from a tip of the elongated body, while the burnishing section is also in the form of a plurality of cutting edges adjacent to the reamer section along the elongate body.

Abstract: An impact force measurement associated with a test of a moveable barrier operator is obtained. An impact force signal representing the impact force measurement is generated. The impact force signal is received at a controller. Based upon the impact force represented by the signal, an adjustment of the at least one performance parameter of the moveable barrier operator is determined. The at least one parameter is then adjusted by the controller. A secondary protection device may thereafter be added as appropriate.

Abstract: A reservoir for use in testing a liquid as part of a microfluidic testing system, includes a testing chamber configured to receive the liquid to be tested. A liquid inlet is fluidly coupled to the testing chamber to allow ingress of the liquid into the testing chamber. A gas outlet is fluidly coupled to the testing chamber to allow egress of gas out of the testing chamber. The gas outlet has an elevation that is higher than an elevation of the liquid inlet such that, as the testing chamber is rotated, the gas is expelled out of the testing chamber through the gas outlet, thereby reducing or preventing a presence of gas bubbles in the liquid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for cooling gas chromatography ovens that comprise a housing having a fluid entry and a sleeve positioned within the housing to provide a fluid gap between the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the sleeve, where the sleeve is coupled to the fluid entry, and where a cooling fluid from the fluid entry traverses the inner layer of the sleeve and thereafter the outer layer of the sleeve via the fluid gap. In one embodiment, the housing includes at least one adjustable fluid exit, and the fluid gap is in fluid communications with the fluid exit(s). The fluid entry and the sleeve can be concentric, and the sleeve can include a heating element. A fan can be positioned to drive the cooling fluid from the fluid entry.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for sampling a high-temperature gaseous process stream containing components with high boiling points. The sampling system is especially suited for instruments having extremely low pressure chambers, such as mass spectrometers. The invention reduces the condensation of high boiling point components of the sample in the sampling system without the necessity of maintaining extremely high temperatures. The gaseous sample is passed through an orifice from the high temperature stream into a lower-temperature zone of the sampling system where a low pressure is maintained by a vacuum pump. The low pressure reduces the boiling point of the sample components so they may be maintained in a gas phase without excessive heating. The low pressure sample is then introduced into an instrument chamber through a sample introduction valve.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a test media, a reservoir containing fluid, and a sensor compared to measure a parameter that is related to an amount of fluid in the test media. Systems and methods may include a comparator to compare the parameter measurement to a parameter set point. Systems and methods may include a control system to control the addition of the fluid to the test media so that the parameter is maintained at a steady state value.

Abstract: A method for storing a liquid into a geological formation uses at least one well penetrating into the geological formation. The geological formation comprises at least one storage zone. A plurality of screens is provided, each screen being located alongside a wall of at least one well. Each screen respectively allows a flow of liquid between an associated storage zone in contact with the screen and the well on which the screen is located. The flow of liquid through each one of the plurality of screens is controlled according to parameters providing from a storage model of the geological formation. The storage model describing a behavior of each storage zone.

Abstract: A rheometer for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, and comprising an extruder by means of which the rheometer can be filled with the fluid; the rotation speed of the extruder can be adjusted for the filling of the rheometer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rheometric device which provides a direct visualization of the subject material. The device also determines the velocity and/or the strain field across the thickness and the morphology to be determined across the same gap. The invention relates both to a device and/or method that can be used in connection with current shearing rheometers, and similar apparatus. The present invention also relates to a process for making a shear rate measurement. The invention provides versatility by allowing multiple angles of visualization which properly characterizes the flow characteristics and shear rates involved.

Abstract: Arrangement and method for monitoring an open body of fluid such as a reservoir, lake and pond, includes a sensor system arranged to obtain information about the fluid different than the location of the body of fluid, and a communication system coupled to the sensor system and provided with a location of the body of fluid. The communication system transmits the information about the fluid obtained by the sensor system and the location of the body of fluid to a remote facility. The remote facility can therefore monitor the reservoir and take steps to ensure the integrity of the reservoir and the fluid therein.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for trapping, releasing and/or separating sample components in solution passing through a channel with or without packing material present by passing ion current through the channel driven by an electric field. A portion of the ion current comprises cation and/or anion species generated from second solution flows separated from the sample solution flow path by semipermeable membranes. Cation and/or Anion ion species generated in the second solution flow regions are transferred into the sample solution flow path through ion selective semipermeable membranes. Ion current moving along the sample solution flow path is controlled by varying the composition of the second solutions and/or changing the voltage between membrane sections for a given sample solution composition. The sample composition may also be varied separately or in parallel to enhance trapping, release and/or separation efficiency and range.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a highly sensitive Langevin type quartz sensor which is easy in assembling, is less likely to cause damage to a quartz resonator during the assembly work, and is easy to perform a measurement work. As a specific means to solve the problem, a recess is formed in a quartz holding member made of, for instance, rubber, and an airtight space is formed by holding the quartz resonator with the quartz holding member so as to cover the recess. In the meantime, a hole is provided in a circuit board and a projected portion which projects toward back side of the recess in the quartz holding member is fitted into this hole.

Abstract: A cell for conducting electrochemiluminescence measurements is disclosed. The cell in one embodiment provides a measurement cell housing having a cavity, a fluid inlet channel for inducing fluid into the cavity and a fluid outlet channel for discharging fluid from the cavity at axial ends. The cell also provides at least one working electrode and a counter electrode on or in the cavity, and an optical viewing element for observing electrochemiluminescence effects in the cavity, wherein the fluid inlet channel has an at least approximately continuous curved course in a transition area to the cavity so that the fluid inlet channel at its end which is joined to the cavity is shaped in such a manner as to constitute a continuous course of the transition between the fluid inlet channel and the cavity to generate a largely steady flow profile when inducing fluid into the measurement cell cavity.

Abstract: A method for detecting and optionally a method for quantifying drilling anomalies in a metal part. The drilling method includes determining a value set of at least one of the two following parameters, depending on the time: the penetration axial stress of a drill bit into the metal part and the torque generated during at least one portion part of the drilling.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope for measuring a surface shape of a sample by scanning a probe by bringing said probe close to, or into contact with, a sample surface and measuring a physical interaction occurring between the probe and the sample, includes a measurement area specific which specifies a measurement area of the sample on the basis of the image of the sample surface, and a measurement shape corrector which corrects the measurement result of the sample surface on the basis of the condition of the probe.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus comprising: a reference member held in fixed position and orientation with respect to a workpiece during measurement; a stylus for scanning a surface of the workpiece while being displaced upward and downward in accordance with unevenness of the surface of the workpiece; a displacement gauge for measuring a displacement of a specific part of the stylus relative to the reference member; and a scanner for causing the stylus to scan the workpiece along the surface; wherein the fixed position and orientation of the reference member with respect to the workpiece are not changed even during the operation of the scanner; the up-and-down displacement of the specific part of the stylus is measured relative to the reference member; a fine shape of the workpiece is detected in accordance with the measured displacement of the specific part of the stylus.

Abstract: A method of changing-over engines in an engine test cell having a dynamometer and a dynamometer shaft defining a centerline, where the engine crankshaft defines a crankshaft centerline, includes the steps of providing a plurality of engine stands in predetermined locations in the test cell with respect to the dynamometer, attaching a set of mount assemblies to the engine in predetermined locations on the engine with respect to the crankshaft, where the set of mount assemblies is specific to the engine, and attaching the set of mount assemblies to the plurality of engine stands. Upon attachment of the set of mount assemblies to the engine and to the engine stands, the crankshaft centerline and the dynamometer centerline are automatically aligned without adjustment of the engine stands or of the set of mount assemblies.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer on a downhole tool sends an acoustic wave through a sensor plate in contact with drilling fluid. Vibrations of the sensor plate are indicative of the impedance of the borehole plate that may be associated with gas influx. A processor analyzes the vibrations and uses an estimated Q of the vibrations to determine gas influx. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: An air data module is provided that is relatively small, lightweight, low cost, uses relatively low power, and is relatively easy to install, test, and maintain. The air data module includes a housing that is adapted to be mounted to an external surface of an aircraft, and includes at least a sensor compartment and an interface electronics compartment formed therein. A pitot-static probe is coupled to the housing and extends therefrom, and has a static pressure passageway that is in fluid communication with the sensor compartment. A plurality of static pressure ports are formed in the pitot-static probe and are in fluid communication with the static pressure passageway. A pitot pressure inlet port is formed in a distal end of the pitot-static probe. A static pressure sensor and a differential impact or absolute pitot pressure sensor, for example, may be mounted within the module and used to sense static pressure and impact or pitot pressure, respectively.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a thermal mass flow meter is provided with: a pipe arrangement that allows a fluid to flow therein, a chip-type heat-generating element that is anchored on the surface on the periphery of the pipe arrangement and used for heating the fluid in the pipe arrangement, and paired chip-type temperature sensors that are anchored at positions on the upstream side and the downstream side of the heat-generating element with the same distance apart therefrom, on the surface of the pipe arrangement, and formed as members separated from the heat-generating element. With respect to the heat-generating element and the paired temperature sensors, convex portions thereof on a side opposite to the side to be anchored onto the pipe arrangement are housed in a concave of a printed-circuit board, and terminals of the heat-generating element and the paired temperature sensors are connected to the wiring layer of the printed-circuit board, and subsequently secured to the printed-circuit board.

Abstract: A thermal type gas flowmeter comprising a sensor element which, in turn, comprises at least one first heating resistor, two or more resistors in fluid and a second heating resistor which is disposed between the first heating resistor and a housing supporting the sensor element. The first and second heating resistors are electrically independent from each other. A temperature sensing unit is provided between the first and second heating resistors. A temperature of the first or second heating resistor is controlled by a temperature sensed by the temperature sensing unit.