Abstract: A method is disclosed that breaks the “one line, one location” paradigm of teleconferencing in the prior art. The teleconference bridge in the illustrative embodiment is able to utilize more than one audio channel from each location. By having access to more than one audio channel from a teleconference location's sound field, the bridge is able to create a multi-channel effect during a conference call. When more than one microphone is present in the first sound field, they can be used to create a multi-channel effect in a second or other sound field involved in a conference call that has more than one loudspeaker. With the bridge mimicking the multi-channel imaging in one room with the multi-channel imaging in another, the conference call participants can experience audio depth during a conference call and can experience two-dimensional imaging, depending on the microphone or speaker separation that is present.

Abstract: A telecommunications feature is disclosed that enables a person to disconnect from a telecommunications session (e.g., a telephone call, a chat session, a video conference, etc.) and to be automatically reconnected at a later time. For example, Fred might be required to participate in his project group's weekly conference call, but as a practical matter Fred really only need to participate at the beginning and end of the meeting. After the conference call begins and Fred learns that the meeting will end at 4:00 PM, Fred uses the present invention to program his telephone to disconnect from the conference call now and to automatically reconnect to the conference call at 3:45 PM. This gives Fred the opportunity to get some work done and yet not miss the end of the conference call.

Abstract: A system and method for providing location information is provided. The system may include a communication device. The communication device may include a communication interface to receive a notice of an incoming communication. The communication device may also include a display to display a representation of a present location of a calling party and to display a representation of a location of the communication device.

Abstract: A system, method and a computer program product for automatically provisioning an abbreviated dialing code are disclosed. The system includes a provisioning manager designed to process a request to provision an abbreviated dialing code. The provisioning manager includes a provisioning server that receives the request and a database of rules, communicatively coupled to the provisioning server, that stores one or more rules associated with the abbreviated dialing code. The system also includes a registry manager, communicatively coupled to the provisioning manager, that determines whether an abbreviated dialing code is registered.

Abstract: A telecommunications system is disclosed that enables a telecommunications switch to be “user” programmable in the “field”—in contrast to only programmable by the manufacturer or third-party software company—with audio samples. Each audio sample is exemplar of a sound that might be encountered during or after the establishment of a telecommunications call that is handled by the telecommunications switch. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment, the audio samples are received by the telecommunications switch through one or more of the same ports that the telecommunications switch uses to route calls, in contrast to programs and program data that are received by the telecommunications switch through a programming port.

Abstract: A method of initiating a telecommunication session for a communication device include submitting to one or more telecommunication carriers a proposal for a telecommunication session, receiving from at least one of the one or more of telecommunication carriers a bid to carry the telecommunications session, and automatically selecting one of the telecommunications carriers from the carriers submitting a bid, and initiating the telecommunication session through the selected telecommunication carrier.

Abstract: A call center processes calls in such a way that a caller's matter is first handled by a first agent and is subsequently handled by a second agent. The call center creates a voice recording of at least part of that portion of the caller's matter handled by the first agent. Subsequently, the second agent is given an opportunity to play back the voice recording prior to the second agent handling the caller's matter. In this way, the caller is not required to repeat the same information to both the first and second agents.

Abstract: A contact bank, which can be terminated, or is terminated, at least one terminal module serving for signal communication and being adapted to allow telecommunications lines to be connected therewith, or at least one supplementary module, of a telecommunications distribution point, which is connected to a terminal module, whereby the contact bank further is mountable or mounted in the telecommunications distribution point, includes: (a) a plurality of tapping contacts directly and permanently electrically connected to the contacts of the module in the terminated condition of said contact bank; (b) a smaller number of outlet contacts than of tapping contacts; (c) a plurality of remote-controllable switches for selectively electrically connecting said outlet contacts to said tapping contacts; and (d) a control device for controlling the plurality of switches.

Abstract: A method of determining if an echo canceller comprised in a communication channel that is used to transmit at least one tonal signal and characterized by a model echo path of the channel, is acceptably adapted to cancel echoes in the channel, the method comprising: determining a performance measure how well the canceller cancels echoes of at least one test signal characterized by at least one frequency different from a frequency of the at least one tonal signal; and determining if the canceller is acceptably adapted responsive to the measure.

Abstract: An Ethernet voltage source apparatus and method. The apparatus includes an electrical connector, a receiving circuit electrically connected to the Ethernet cable connector, a voltage regulator/power conditioning circuit electrically connected to the receiving circuit, and a first interface output connector electrically connected to the voltage regulator/power conditioning circuit. The receiving circuit receives a first voltage signal and an Ethernet data signal from the Ethernet cable. The receiving circuit separates the first voltage signal from the Ethernet data signal. The voltage regulator/power conditioning circuit generates a second voltage signal from the first voltage signal. The second voltage signal is configured as a first power source for an industrial/commercial device. The first interface output connector is configured to electrically connect the second voltage signal to the industrial/commercial device.

Abstract: A network for coupling at least one telephone service signal to at least one telephone device over a wiring. The network includes: a wiring having at least two conductors for carrying multiple time-domain multiplexed digitized voice channels; an exchange side device coupled to the wiring and operative to couple at least one telephone service signal to at least one digitized voice channel; and at least one subscriber side device coupled to the wiring and operative to couple the at least one telephone device to at least one digitized voice channel.

Abstract: A secret sharing apparatus according to the present invention is based on a (k,n)-threshold scheme with a threshold of at least 4. The secret sharing apparatus generates a generator matrix (G) of GF(2) in which any k of n column vectors are at a full rank, divides secret information into n?1 pieces to generate divided secret data (K(1), . . . , K(n?1)), generates random data (U(0,1), . . . , U(k?2,n?1)), calculates the product of matrixes of the divided secret data, the random data, and the generator matrix (G), assigns the j×(n?1)+ith column of the calculation result to sharing partial data (D(j,i)) to calculate sharing partial data (D(j,1)), generates header information (H(j)), and individually distributes n pieces of sharing information (D(0), . . . , D(n?1)) made up of the header information (H(j)) and sharing partial data (D(j,i)) to n storage apparatuses.

Abstract: A method and device for encrypting and/or decrypting binary data blocks protecting both confidentiality and integrity of data sent to or received from a memory. The encryption method comprises steps of: applying to the input data block a reversible scrambling process, the scrambling process providing a scrambled data block in which the bits of the input data block are mixed so that a modification of one bit in the scrambled data block impacts on every bit of the input data block, and applying to the scrambled data block a stream cipher encryption algorithm providing an encrypted data block. Application can be made to secured integrated circuits requiring to securely store data in an external memory.

Abstract: A method for dynamically authenticating an executable program, that is the continuation of the instructions defined thereby, is performed repeatedly during the very execution of the program. The method for making secure an electronic portable object through execution of a program supplied by another insecure electronic object uses, inter alia, a secret key protocol.

Abstract: The present invention advantageously provides techniques to solve problems with combinatorial anonymous certificate management by addressing critical issues concerning its feasibility, scalability, and performance. Methods and procedures to manage IEEE 1609.2 anonymous and identifying cryptographic keys and certificates in the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) system are presented, along with methods for management of identifying and anonymous certificates in a partitioned Certificate Authority architecture designed to enhance vehicle privacy. Novel methods for vehicles to dynamically change an anonymous certificate for use while maintaining vehicle privacy are given. Refinements to basic combinatorial schemes are presented including probabilistic key replacement, rekey counter decrement, dynamic rekey threshold, geographic attack isolation and proofs of geographic position.

Abstract: The present document describes a hand-held decoder card for revealing information hidden in a printed material and information hidden in a color image and method of making the same. The hand-held decoder card comprises: translucent material having a parallax barrier portion comprising parallel barrier lines for revealing the information hidden in the printed material; and the translucent material having a light filtering portion comprising a light filter for revealing the information hidden in the color image. According to various embodiments, the hand-held decoder card is in a transactional card format. The card may include only the parallax barrier portion or the light filtering portion. Also, the hand-held card may be a monocoque card or a laminated card.

Abstract: A method for generating codes for encrypting data of an encrypting device and for decrypting said data by a decrypting device. The method includes the steps of providing a personal identification code to the encrypting device, the personal identification code being known or obtainable by the decrypting device, and selecting from a set of code generation parameters a current code generation parameter. The encryption code for encrypting the data of the encrypting device is generated by an algorithm, the algorithm being a function of the current code generation parameter and the personal identification code. The current code generation parameter is either known to the decrypting device based on its position in the sequence of said code generation parameters, or is transmitted to the decrypting device such that the decrypting device can generate the encryption code using the current code generation parameter, the personal identification code and the algorithm to allow decryption of the data.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: A system includes a line-based receiver for receiving protected content from a source and a line-based transmitter for providing the protected content to a destination. The protected content is secure, such as by using a High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) mechanism. Between the line-based transmitter and receiver is a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver. The wireless transmitter establishes an encrypted wireless link with the wireless receiver according to a second encryption mechanism. The wireless transmitter is further configured for receiving the protected content from the line-based receiver, encrypting the protected content according to the second encryption mechanism, and wirelessly transmitting the encrypted protected content. The wireless receiver is further configured for receiving the wirelessly transmitted protected content from the wireless transmitter and decrypting the protected content according to the second encryption mechanism.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmitting voice data in a secure communication system. The method includes: transmitting voice data using a plurality of data packets; embedding a cryptographic message indicator into each of the plurality of data packets; and correcting for bit errors in the cryptographic message indicator at a packet receiver using code-combining across two or more of the data packets.

Abstract: A method of producing an offer package includes defining, within the offer package, a description of an offered product. The cost of the offered product and the merchant making the offer are also defined within the offer package, which includes an encrypted version of the offered product.

Abstract: The present invention provides encryption schemes and apparatus, which are more efficient than the existing single pass authenticated encryption schemes, while providing the same level of security. The initial vectors, which are an essential part of these schemes, are chosen in an incremental and safe fashion. This also leads to an incremental method for generating the pair-wise differentially uniform sequences or XOR-universal sequences which are another essential part of such schemes. The incrementality of the generation of these sequences extends to even across different plain-text messages being encrypted, leading to substantial savings in time to encrypt. A further step of encryption is shown to be redundant and leads to savings over earlier schemes. Another embodiment describes splitting the plain-text blocks into two sets, and using the block-cipher in encrypt mode on one set and the block-cipher in decrypt mode on the other set, leading to beneficial hardware solutions.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for performing selective encryption/decryption in a data storage system. During operation, the system receives a data block from a storage medium at an input/output layer, wherein the input/output layer serves as an interface between the storage medium and a buffer cache. Next, the system determines whether the data block is an encrypted data block. If not, the system stores the data block in the buffer cache. Otherwise, if the data block is an encrypted data block, the system retrieves a storage-key, wherein the storage-key is associated with a subset of storage, which is associated with the encrypted data block. Using the storage-key, the system then decrypts the encrypted data block to produce a decrypted data block. Finally, the system stores the decrypted data block in the buffer cache, wherein the data block remains encrypted in the storage medium.

Abstract: Files are encrypted and stored on a WORM media device along with their encryption keys, the binary values of which are stored as a combination of written and unwritten sectors in a key storage portion of the media. To shred a file, the associated key is destroyed simply by writing into the unwritten sectors that are associated with the key.

Abstract: A method and system for symmetric key subscription. A register R issues to a subject A a possession that stores a first symmetric key X or comprises a deriving means configured to derive the first symmetric key X. The register R receives from a counterparty B a request for a subscription to a symmetric key with respect to the subject A. In response to the received request, the register R derives a second symmetric key Y from both the first symmetric key X and a first value N. The register R transmits to the counterparty B the second symmetric key Y derived by the register R.

Abstract: The present invention advantageously provides a system and method for management of cryptographic keys and certificates for a plurality of vehicles. Each vehicle of the plurality of vehicles generates public/private key pairs, requests multiple time-distributed certificates, creates an encrypted identity, and surrenders expired certificates. An assigning authority receives the public/private key pairs, the request for multiple time-distributed certificates, the encrypted identity, and the expired certificates from said vehicle. The assigning authority authorizes the vehicle with an authorizing authority, validates the expired certificates, proves ownership, and distributes the requested time-distributed certificates to said vehicle. Validation can comprise checking expired certificates against misused, compromised and/or previously surrendered certificates.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus capable of updating and writing a plurality of distributed information items generated based on to-be-held secret information with respect to a data storage device in which access is not limited includes a secret distribution processing portion which generates a plurality of distributed information items updated this time according to secret information to be held this time based on a threshold value secret distribution method, and a distributed information management portion which selects recording positions of distributed information items updated this time to leave behind distributed information items of a number less than a threshold value among a plurality of distributed information items updated last time with respect to a plurality of distributed information items updated and stored in the data storage device and writes distributed information items updated this time to the data storage device based on the selected recording positions.

Abstract: Disclosed is the design and development of a new cipher called the Dragonfire Cipher. The Dragon cipher includes message authentication code and keyed random number generator. Dragonfire cipher takes this transparent method of generating S-boxes and uses them to create a cipher with keyed S-boxes. This defeats most precomputations for cryptanalysis as the S-boxes are now different between sessions.

Abstract: A technique for obtaining a key for encryption/decryption/data recovery from an enterprise key management system. In one example embodiment, this is accomplished by connecting a client mobile device to a cryptography key management using a UID, a UDID, the names of one or more data files to encrypt, a password Pswd, and a KeyID to obtain the key for encryption/decryption/data recovery.

Abstract: Content data is distributed by distributing enciphered content data from a higher (upper) distribution source through a relay node to a lower information processing device; obtaining a decoding key data for decoding by the lower information device content data associated with a viewing/listening area managed by the relay node; and distributing the decoding key data to the lower information processing device.

Abstract: A transaction device adds or injects a random noise component into signals representing (x,y) coordinate signals associated with user interface with an input screen associated with the device. The noise component can be generated by converting to analog the output of a random number generator, and then adding the noise component to the x-axis and/or y-axis component of the (x,y) coordinate signal. Alternatively the noise component can be injected into the x-axis and/or y-axis operating potential for the input screen. The result is a masking of the original (x,y) positional information. The randomly generated number is only available internal to the device. The device can use this number to de-crypt the true (x,y) signals, which signals can then be re-encrypted before transmitting from the device.

Abstract: An audio signal having at least one audio channel and associated direction parameters indicating a direction of origin of a portion of the audio channel with respect to a recording position is reconstructed to derive a reconstructed audio signal. A desired direction of origin with respect to the recording position is selected. The portion of the audio channel is modified for deriving a reconstructed portion of the reconstructed audio signal, wherein the modifying comprises increasing an intensity of the portion of the audio channel having direction parameters indicating a direction of origin close to the desired direction of origin with respect to another portion of the audio channel having direction parameters indicating a direction of origin further away from the desired direction of origin.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the invention, a sound engine may determine a final sound at a listener location by emulating sound waves within a three-dimensional scene. The sound engine may emulate sound waves by issuing rays from a location of a sound event and tracing the rays through the three-dimensional scene. The rays may intersect objects within the three-dimensional scene which have sound modification factors. The sound modification factors and other factors (e.g., distance traveled by the ray, angle of intersection with the object, etc.) may be applied to the sound event to determine a final sound which is heard by the listener.

Abstract: An audio signal processing system is configured to separate an audio signal into a dry signal component and one or more reverberant signal components. The dry signal component and the reverberant signal components can be separately modified and then recombined to form a processed audio signal. Alternatively, the dry signal component may be combined with an artificial reverberation component to form the processed audio signal. Modification of the reverberation signal component and generation of the artificial reverberation component may be performed in order to modify the acoustic characteristics of an acoustic space in which the audio signal is driving loudspeakers. The audio signal may be a pre-recorded audio signal or a live audio signal generated inside or outside the acoustic space.

Abstract: Power management circuitry of a portable electronic biosensor implements conditional power management logic to control biosensor power usage and to discriminate between intended use and nonuse of the biosensor by a clinician. The biosensor is configured to sense a property of the human body, such as a manifestation of acoustic energy produced by matter of biological origin or an action potential of the human body. An output signal is produced that is representative of the sensed property. A sensor of the biosensor produces a signal having a plurality of sensor signal features that are received by a detector of the power management circuitry. The power management circuitry or a processor of the biosensor discriminates between intended use and nonuse of the biosensor by the clinician using the sensor signal features. Power supplied to biosensor components is controlled based on the sensor signal features.

Abstract: An embodiment of an auscultation device can be constructed using, at least in part, electronic components to provide improved acquisition, processing, and communication of sound signals. An input device can be used for detecting sounds, and electrical signals representing the sounds can be processed and transmitted via one or more of a plurality of substantially contemporaneously available wired and/or wireless communications interfaces. Bluetooth and/or another form of wireless communication can be employed. Such embodiments can employ, at least in part, one or more of several commercially available wired and/or wireless receiver devices, such as, without limitation, headsets and headphones, mobile phones, PDAs and/or other handheld devices, desktop, laptop, palmtop, and/or tablet computers, speakers and/or other conventional and/or specifically configured computer devices and/or electronic devices.

Abstract: A synchronous detection and calibration system is provided for expedient calibration of differential acoustic sensors in a manufacturing and testing environment. By processing a series of sequentially received tones, respective portions of a system using differential acoustic sensors are tuned for optimum individual operation, following which corresponding control data are generated and stored for use in selecting among predetermined calibration vectors which establish and maintain optimum system operation.

Abstract: A novel adaptive beamforming technique with enhanced noise suppression capability. The technique incorporates the sound-source presence probability into an adaptive blocking matrix. In one embodiment the sound-source presence probability is estimated based on the instantaneous direction of arrival of the input signals and voice activity detection. The technique guarantees robustness to steering vector errors without imposing ad hoc constraints on the adaptive filter coefficients. It can provide good suppression performance for both directional interference signals as well as isotropic ambient noise.

Abstract: In an audio/video system having an audio reproduction device (CU) for reproduction of audio signals via at least one loudspeaker unit (LSB1-LSB5) and having an ultrasonic signal-generating device (6) for generating ultrasonic signals (UT1-UT3; UT4), wherein the ultrasonic signal-generating device (6) is designed to emit the ultrasonic signals to at least one loudspeaker unit (LSB1, LSB3), which loudspeaker unit is designed to emit the ultrasonic signals, and having an ultrasonic signal-receiving device (5) for receiving ultrasonic signals (UR1-UR3; UR4) and having an ultrasonic signal-processing unit (7) for processing ultrasonic signals received by the ultrasonic signal-receiving means (5), the ultrasonic signal-processing unit (7) is designed automatically to detect the presence of at least one person (1) from changes in the received ultrasonic signals (UR1-UR3; UR4) and to emit a detection signal (DS).

Abstract: A window assembly for a vehicle includes a window panel (14), an actuating assembly (24) and a seal (22). The frame portion (16) partially surrounds a perimeter of the window panel and leaves a free perimeter portion (14c) of the window panel (14) at least partially free. The actuating assembly (24) is positioned at or near the free perimeter portion (14c) of the window panel (14) and is operated to vibrate the window panel. The seal (22) is disposed along the free perimeter portion to substantially seal the window panel relative to the vehicle panel while allowing movement of the window panel in response to the actuating assembly.

Abstract: An audio amplifier comprises: a first stage and a second stage amplifiers each respectively providing an output to a speaker; a first resistor electrically connected in parallel with the first stage amplifier; a second resistor electrically connected in series with an input of the first stage amplifier; a third resistor electrically connected in parallel with the second stage amplifier; a fourth resistor electrically connected in series with an input of the second stage amplifier, and also electrically connected in series with an output of the first stage amplifier; and a variable resistor electrically connected in parallel with the first resistor, the variable resistor and the first resistor forming a variable resistance parallel circuit.

Abstract: Techniques for mitigating additional phase noise in local oscillator (LO) signals, which may be due to digital noise coupling, are described. A correction signal having an estimate of additional phase noise in an LO signal is derived. The correction signal is applied to a data signal either after downconversion or before upconversion with the LO signal to mitigate the additional phase noise. To derive the correction signal, an input signal having the additional phase noise may be obtained by downconverting a replica LO signal or based on the replica LO signal without downconversion. The input signal may be digitized and filtered to pass a single tone and suppress remaining tones. A replica signal may be derived based on the filtered signal and frequency translated to obtain a phase noise estimate signal at DC. The complex conjugate of the phase noise estimate signal may be provided as the correction signal.

Abstract: A sound reproduction system comprising a digital audio signal input (1), a digital audio signal processor (2, DSP) and a digital audio signal output (3) wherein the digital signal processor (2, DSP) comprises a high pass (HP) filter (21) with a high pass frequency (f), an amplifier (22) for a signal filtered by the HP filter, and a low pass (LP) filter (23) with a low pass frequency (f) for filtering the signal after amplification by the amplifier (22) and for providing an output signal, and the digital processor comprises an establisher (24, 25) for establishing the high pass frequency or the low pass frequency and a matcher (26) for matching the high pass frequency and low pass frequency of the high pass filter and low pass filter respectively to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a volume control with DC supervision in a voice evacuation system are disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus is a volume control comprising a first input interface for receiving an audio signal, a first output interface for forwarding said audio signal to at least one audio device, and a second input interface for receiving an alarm signal. The apparatus also comprises a switch having a plurality of nodes, wherein at least one of the plurality of nodes is an unlabeled node, wherein the switch is in communication with the first input interface and the first output interface for controlling a volume of the audio signal that is sent to the at least one audio device. The apparatus also comprises a filter that is coupled to the unlabeled node of the switch.

Abstract: An instrument amplifier includes an amplifier circuit for amplifying a sound signal input from an electric guitar. A main speaker emits sound according to the sound signal being amplified. A CD player plays back an audio signal from an audio CD. Side speakers for playback emits audio sound according to the audio signal being played back. A speaker box contains the main speaker and the side speakers in one space. In one embodiment, the speaker box includes a rear panel for closing a space behind the main speaker and the side speakers. Furthermore, an output mode key is settable in a first mode by external operation, the first mode being for controlling the playback speaker to emit sound according to the sound signal. The side speakers are disposed beside one another, for stereo sound emission of the audio sound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a condenser microphone chip, comprising: a substrate (21); a diaphragm (26) spaced from the substrate; a curved beam (27) connected with the diaphragm (26) to anchor the diaphragm (26) to the substrate (21); a curved beam connecting part (29) having a shape of a substantially circular plate. The curved beam (27) is arranged in the diaphragm (26). The curved beam (27) includes a plurality of sub beams, each of the plurality of sub beams including a first sub beam portion extending in a substantially radial direction from a circumference of the curved beam connecting part (29); a second sub beam portion extending in a substantially circumferential direction from an end of the first sub beam portion away from the circumference of the curved beam connecting part (29) and having a shape of a substantial arc; and a third sub beam portion extending in the radial direction from an end of the second sub beam portion away from the first sub beam portion and connected to the diaphragm (26).

Abstract: An input multi-channel representation is converted into a different output multi-channel representation of a spatial audio signal, in that an intermediate representation of the spatial audio signal is derived, the intermediate representation having direction parameters indicating a direction of origin of a portion of the spatial audio signal; and in that the output multi-channel representation of the spatial audio signal is generated using the intermediate representation of the spatial audio signal.

Abstract: An audio signal is processed in the frequency domain to convert an input signal format to an output signal format. That is, a multichannel audio signal intended for playback over a predefined speaker layout can be formatted to achieve spatial reproduction over a different layout comprising a different number of speakers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system (100) for adapting a hearing aid to a user and comprising means for generating an image (102, 120) of said user's ear together with a model of said hearing aid, means for generating a mesh (112) based on said image, means for calculating acoustic response (110) to a simulated acoustic signal in said mesh, and means for identifying optimal position of microphone (114) of said hearing aid in-situ from said acoustic response.

Abstract: In the English translation document, please replace the abstract with the following: An unintentional adjustment of the user-controlled control elements on the device can result within the scope of the activation of a hearing device, after a switch-on delay has elapsed. To reduce this risk, a delay in the release of the user-controlled control elements attached to the device is provided in accordance with the invention in addition to the said switch-on delay.