Abstract: A process for producing a three-dimensional photonic crystal comprises the steps of providing a base material having first and second faces adjoining together at a first angle; forming a first mask on the first face; forming fine holes in the base material by dry-etching on the first face in a direction at a second angle to the first face; forming a second mask on the second face; and forming fine holes in the base material by dry-etching on the second face in a direction at a third angle to the second face; the first mask and the second mask, being formed by implantation of ions by a focused ion beam onto the surface layer of the mask formation face of the base material.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate (S) has on its top side weldable connection surfaces (LA) and on its underside weldable contacts (LK). In the disclosed substrate (S), the weldable connection surfaces, which were until now produced using printing pastes, is replaced by weld surface contacts precipitated from a solution and directly applied to the ceramic material. These weld contact surfaces are characterised by a more even surface, improved bondability and structurability.

Abstract: A gold layer (20) is patterned with a gold oxide mask (30), which mask is patterned with an acid, preferably with microcontactprinting. The gold oxide mask (30) is stable in alkalic etch solutions for the gold layer (20). The gold oxide mask (30) may be maintained to create a reexposable gold pad (20).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a solar cell is described. The method includes first providing, in a process chamber, a substrate having a light-receiving surface. An anti-reflective coating (ARC) layer is then formed, in the process chamber, above the light-receiving surface of the substrate. Finally, without removing the substrate from the process chamber, a protection layer is formed above the ARC layer.

Abstract: There is provided a printed circuit board whose peel strength is large and a printed circuit board fabrication method and a printed circuit board machining apparatus that allow a fabrication time and a fabrication cost to be reduced. The fabrication method of the printed circuit board comprises steps of forming a resist layer on a surface of the printed circuit board whose surface is made of an insulator, of forming a hole that is connected from the surface of the resist layer to a conductor pattern of an inner layer and a hole and grooves having a depth not connected with the conductor layer of the inner layer by irradiating lasers, of filling a conductive material into the holes and the grooves to form a conductor pattern and of removing the resist layer to project a portion of the conductor pattern out of the surface of the insulating layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a light reflecting metal wall including a step (a) forming a cavity structure on a metal plate on which back surface a substrate is laminated, the cavity structure including on its side wall a light reflecting wall, the step (a) including the steps of (b) forming a first mask on a surface of the metal plate, the first mask having a mask opening portion corresponding to an opening portion of the cavity structure, and (c) forming the light reflecting wall on a side wall of the metal plate by carrying out wet etching with respect to the metal plate with the first mask, in the step (c), in the middle of the wet etching, the first mask being bent by press working along the light reflecting wall formed by the wet etching. As a result, the light reflecting metal wall is stably formed by securing both (i) an area of an LED chip mounting surface and (ii) a thickness of the light reflecting metal wall even if a packaged light-emitting element has a narrow lateral width of its short side.

Abstract: A method for forming an etching mask comprises the steps of: irradiating focus ion beam to a surface of a substrate and forming an etching mask used for oblique etching including an ion containing portion in the irradiated region. A method for fabricating a three-dimensional structure comprises the steps of: preparing a substrate; irradiating focus ion beam to a surface of the substrate and forming an etching mask including an ion containing portion in the irradiated region; and dry-etching the substrate from a diagonal direction using the etching mask and forming a plurality of holes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermal inkjet printhead. The method includes forming on a substrate a chamber layer having an ink chamber, forming a sacrificial layer on the chamber layer wherein the sacrificial layer fills the ink chamber, and planarizing a top surface of the sacrificial layer and of the chamber layer using a primary Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process until the sacrificial layer and the chamber layer attain a desired height, wherein a slurry is used in the primary CMP process that includes polishing particles having an average particle size of 500 nm˜2 ?m.

Abstract: A MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) device and a method of manufacturing the same, in which an detection indicator is formed on a chamber layer stacked on a substrate such that a user easily inspects whether the chamber layer has a required thickness. The MEMS device can include two detection indicators that are formed on the chamber layer and have different depth from each other, or an detection indicator which is formed on the chamber layer and has a tapered sectional shape in which an upper surface of the detection indicator is gradually narrowed in a downward direction such that a user can easily inspect whether the chamber layer has a required thickness. The user can precisely determine whether the chamber layer is planarized to a required thickness by planarizing the detection indicator formed on the chamber layer, and inspecting the detection indicator by using an optical microscope, thereby facilitating inspection for a thickness of the chamber layer.

Abstract: To provide a method for forming an etching structure without difficulty to control the manufacturing conditions, and with a minute dimension exceeding the limit of exposure, while suppressing increase of manufacturing processes and increasing of manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A target layer comprising at least one degradable material is deposited on a support. Nanotubes are then formed on the degradable material of the target layer before deposition of an insulating layer is performed. Degradation of the degradable material and elimination of degradation sub-products are then performed by means of the nanotubes passing through the insulating layer thus forming air gaps in the target layer.

Abstract: The present invention prevents drop in the function of a plasma processing device caused by reduction of a plasma generating chamber by reductive plasma that is generated from the introduced process gas, and extends the life of members which are in contact with reductive plasma, especially the plasma generating chamber member. The plasma processing device of this embodiment is a device for treating the surface of a processing subject S using radicals generated by exciting a process gas, wherein a plasma generating chamber member 6, having a internal plasma generating chamber 6a, is connected to a gas introduction tube 5 attached to the outside of the process chamber 1, and a gas regulator 7 is provided on the end of the plasma generating chamber member 6.

Abstract: Disclosed is a corrosion resistant member comprising a sintered material having an ?-Al2O3 crystal and an YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) crystal. The corrosion resistant member contains metal elements, 70 to 98% by mass (inclusive) of Al in terms of Al2O3 and 2 to 30% by mass of Y in terms of Y2O3. The corrosion resistant member has a peak intensity ratio I116/I104 within the range from 0.94 to 1.98, preferably. 2.21 or higher, wherein I116 and I104 represent peak intensities attributed to the (116) face and the (104) face, respectively, of an ?-Al2O3 crystal as measured by X-ray diffractometry on its surface layer.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a processing chamber which has a dielectric wall partly formed of a dielectric substance and in which a to-be-processed substrate is subjected to a plasma process, an induction coil which is arranged to face the dielectric wall and generates an induction electric field to generate plasma in the processing chamber, a Faraday shield which is provided to partially have openings between the dielectric wall and the induction coil to shield an electrostatic field component and pass an electromagnetic field component, and a drive mechanism which moves the Faraday shield.

Abstract: A method of depositing or etching a micro- or nano-scale pattern on a work piece is disclosed, including the steps of: (a) placing the work piece in an electrochemical reactor in close proximity to a patterned tool; (b) connecting the work piece such that it is the anode if is to be etched or the cathode if it is to be deposited, and the patterned tool such that it is the counter electrode; (c) pumping electrolytic fluid necessary for the electrolytic operation of the cell formed between the two electrodes; and (d) applying a current across the electrodes to etch or deposit the work piece.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for improved polishing or planarizing of aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxynitride substrates. Specifically, the composition comprises an abrasive, a liquid carrier, and a phosphorus-type mono-acid. Preferably, the phosphorus-type mono-acid is phosphoric acid, phosphonoacetic acid, phosphorous acid, methyl phosphonic acid, or mixtures thereof. The control of the pH of the composition further improves polishing rates.

Abstract: A method of processing nature pattern on expitaxial substrate, unlike the conventional method of processing regular pattern on expitaxial substrate (such as sapphire substrate) by lithography, wet etches a sapphire substrate directly to obtain a nature pattern, so as to simplify the fabrication process. Compared with the conventional way of processing pattern sapphire, the nature pattern sapphire substrate produced by the method can avoid voids between the interface of sapphire and GaN and apply this technology to a wired bond LED structure to increase the sidewall light extraction and improve the texture of the sapphire surface of a flip chip LED structure. In addition, this method also can be applied to a thin-GaN LED for achieving the surface texture after the sapphire is removed by laser.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining apparatus having a wire electrode and a guide system for machining reverse-taper bores in a workpiece, particularly cone-shaped bores. A guide body near the workpiece stabilizes a first portion of an electrode and a second portion of the electrode extends from the guide body terminating in a working tip. As the guide body is wobbled about the longitudinal axis of a desired workpiece bore, the electrode is advanced and the working tip of the electrode erodes progressively larger closed curves in the workpiece, resulting in a reverse taper bore in the workpiece.

Abstract: Conduits exiting from a welding torch handle are supported by a stiffening arrangement to limit the angle or radius of curvature of the conduits and thereby to limit strain and possible damage. The stiffening arrangement may include a stiffener that does not extend completely around the conduits, but is captured in a jacket that may be secured to the torch handle and wrapped around the conduits. Alternatively, an integral stiffener or stiffener assembly may include a tongue-like-stiffener extending from the handle to support the conduits and to limit their radius of curvature as they exit the handle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel system for inserting or mounting nuts in workpieces by means of welding. Said system comprises a welding station to which the nuts are fed via a conveying section.

Abstract: A plasma treatment apparatus and a method of plasma treatment for reducing generation of Na atoms in the case where a silica glass and the like are used for a member made of dielectric material are provided. The provided plasma treatment apparatus includes a dielectric member having an impurity element forming positive and movable ions, a vacuum chamber partially sealed with the dielectric member, and a radiator radiating electromagnetic wave into the vacuum chamber through the dielectric member to generate plasma in the vacuum chamber and to treat a workpiece using the plasma. The apparatus further includes an electrode on the dielectric member on a surface opposite the surface exposed to the plasma. The generation of Na can be reduced by applying to the plasma a negative DC potential which is lower than a floating potential measured at the surface of the dielectric member exposed to the plasma.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a work surface (22) of a torch (10) which serves for flame treatment of objects (12), in which the cleaning of the work surface (22) is performed during operation of the torch (10) in several phases in a time succession, and in that only a fraction (40) of the work surface is cleaned in each phase.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for both scoring and separating a brittle material, and in particular a glass sheet or substrate, using only a single laser beam. A radiation zone created by the beam incident on the glass substrate, and the radiation zone is effectively formed into two portions by a coolant jet incident on the radiation zone. The radiation zone is separated into a leading portion, which generates a vent crack partially through a thickness of the substrate, and a trailing portion that propagates the vent crack through the remainder of the substrate, thereby separating the substrate.

Abstract: A monitoring device by laser shadowscopy, which comprises a light emitter (5) and receiver (6), mounted on an arm (8) oscillating at will around two joints (13, 14), in order to restore the image of the monitored profile more accurately. An important application relates to welding methods and especially in hollow beveled edges.

Abstract: A system and method for powering a welding-type device from a plurality of distinct outlet configurations is disclosed. The power cord system includes a power cord having a plurality of conductors extending therethrough. An end of the power cord is constructed to engage an individual adapter of a plurality of adapters. Each of the plurality of adapters has a prong configuration that is different than a prong configuration of the other adapters such that each of the plurality of adapters is constructed to electrically connect the power cord to a uniquely configured outlet. A welding-type device according to the present invention is quickly and efficiently adaptable to operate at a plurality of different input power signals.

Abstract: An electrode driving system for welding device has two mirror image carriages are located side by side to one another and mounted to a main frame. Each carriage has an elongated slider rod therein movable in a reciprocating manner relative to the carriage. The front portion of the slider rod has narrow sections formed by depressions located on its opposite upper and lower edges. A plurality of pairs of jaw elements are pivotally mounted in the carriages. The jaw elements are in contact engagement with the upper and lower edges of the slider rod and they are in a closed position to clamp on or release the clamp on the welding electrode while the carriages are alternately moving back and forth in the reciprocating manner for driving said electrode continuously forward toward a workpiece.

Abstract: A heating pad for use with animals, or pet heating pad. The pet heating pad provides a pad with a cushioned exterior and a flexible but resilient interior that prevents overheating by maintaining or returning the pet heating pad to a flat profile. The pet heating pad heating system includes a heating element with temperature limitation controls for safe operation surrounded by layers of material selected for temperature control properties. The result is a pet heating pad that substantially reduces or eliminates the problems normally associated with heating pads such as hotspots, overheating, bunching, and folding while providing a pet with a physically and thermally comfortable surface upon which to rest.

Abstract: A heated frequency converter assembly having a resistor element and/or brake means that are configured to heat the frequency converter assembly to produce a sufficiently high operating temperature and/or to prevent moisture condensation.

Abstract: A temperature control method is used for controlling a temperature of a hot plate, so that a measured temperature of the hot plate conforms to a target temperature thereof, in a heat processing apparatus for performing a heat process on a substrate placed on the hot plate, which is used in a coating/developing system for applying a resist coating onto the substrate to form a resist film and then performing development on the resist film after light exposure. The method includes acquiring adjustment data necessary for adjusting a reaching time defined by a time period for increasing the temperature of the substrate from a first temperature around an initial temperature to a second temperature around the target temperature; and adjusting the target temperature by use of the adjustment data thus acquired, after starting the process on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current supply device for a surface resistance heater, a heating system and to a method for supplying a surface resistance heater with current. The resistance of the surface resistance heater is measured in a continuous manner in order to detect short-circuits. In the event of a short-circuit, the current is limited or cut-off. Said current supply device is, preferably, embodied as a skirting board or as a cover strip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic field-blocking panel heater. The magnetic field-blocking panel heater includes a panel heating element comprising a heat generating electrical conductor enclosed in an electrical insulator and first electrodes for transferring current to the electrical conductor. A magnetic field-blocking material surrounds the panel heating element. Second electrodes are respectively connected to the first electrodes of the panel heating element and extended outside of the magnetic field-blocking material for transferring current to the first electrodes, wherein the magnetic field-blocking material absorbs a magnetic field generated by the panel heating element when current is applied to the electrical conductor via the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A device wherein food can be warmed by means of induction, said device comprising at least one secondary coil which is formed from a current conductor, whereon at least one heating element is connected. The invention also relates to a device which is used to transfer energy in a device in order to warm food by means of induction, said device comprising a primary coil which is connected to a voltage source and which is formed from a current conductor. According to the invention, the primary and secondary coil is cast into a coil body by casting means, and the insulating casting means exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion which essentially corresponds to the coil body.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improving the conventional high-speed cooking oven based on a combination of hot air impingement and microwave heating by providing a time-dependent spatial variation in the net air impingement and/or net microwave energy applied to the food product in the oven. This is aimed at optimizing heat transfer and microwave efficiencies in a high-speed cooking oven, thereby enabling the oven to deliver an optimal cooking efficiency in comparison to the conventional high-speed cooking oven. In addition, under the present invention, the cooking efficiency may be further optimized by dimensioning the nozzles for hot air impingement to tighten impingement plumes, subject to the space constraint of the oven's cooking chamber, and dimensioning the cooking chamber of the oven in integer multiples of the wavelength of the microwave energy to match the microwave load.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a heating system. More particularly, the invention encompasses an apparatus for a heating system and a method thereof. The invention also includes a heating system using microwave energy. The heating system is preferably provided for heating a heating media and heating domestic hot water. The heating system includes an enclosure and a heating tank which is located within the enclosure. A magnetron chamber is located in the enclosure above the tank. At least one heating rod with a hollow interior extends from the magnetron chamber into the lower compartment. The heating rod has an upper section that is located in the magnetron chamber and a lower section that is located in the tank. At least one heat absorbing mixture or media is located within each heating rod, and a microwave guide is located at the top or upper section of each heating rod. A magnetron is mounted on each microwave wave guide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improving the conventional high-speed cooking oven based on a combination of hot air impingement and microwave heating by providing a time-dependent spatial variation in the net air impingement and/or net microwave energy applied to the food product in the oven. This is aimed at optimizing heat transfer and microwave efficiencies in a high-speed cooking oven, thereby enabling the oven to deliver an optimal cooking efficiency in comparison to the conventional high-speed cooking oven. In addition, under the present invention, the cooking efficiency may be further optimized by dimensioning the nozzles for hot air impingement to tighten impingement plumes, subject to the space constraint of the oven's cooking chamber, and dimensioning the cooking chamber of the oven in integer multiples of the wavelength of the microwave energy to match the microwave load.

Abstract: A polycrystalline body comprising aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, and yttrium oxide in which alumina grains have an average size of at least 10 ?m and wherein the yttrium oxide is present in an amount of at least 6 ppm of the weight of the ceramic body, and the magnesium and hafnium oxides are present at a molar ratio of about 0.5:1 to about 3:1.

Abstract: The subject application is a container having a first body with a female union (joint), a second body with a male union (joint) and a lid, which, once assembled under manual pressure, packages the bodies within the same container for holding at least two beverages separate from one another for utilization thereof by a consumer.

Abstract: An article of manufacture for a flexible silo with a cone of specified volume has a plurality of attachments fabricated about the upper perimeter in a radial formation in relation to the center of the cone. The radially positioned attachments allow for quickly attaching and removing the flexible silo to and from a support structure free of the need for integral structural members. The storage capacity may be increased by adding a cone shaped top panel or a vertical cylinder. A top panel may also have an inlet spout for connecting to a filling device for dust containment while filling. The flexible silo may be constructed of a wide range of flexible materials that allow the use of the flexible silo in a multitude of applications. The flexible silo may be constructed of materials that are inexpensive for single use or multiple uses and easily disposed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for deploying a firefighting water reservoir, including foldable frame assemblies having vertical structural members and horizontal structural members configured to support a liner, are provided. The liner can be adapted to contain water. The horizontal structural members comprise a hinge adapted and arranged for folding and unfolding the foldable frame. The hinge comprises a hinge element that substantially prevents a user's appendage or the liner from becoming pinched during deployment or folding of the foldable frame assembly.

Abstract: Individual elongated containers, preferably square or rectangular in cross section are provided for holding tools and materials necessary for a dental procedure. The containers all have structure on two or more sides thereof to allow them to be assembled together into a single structure so that the practitioner can assemble his own procedure kit. This allows the user to assemble a series of containers holding different sized devices or different devices in a small assembled structure for easy access, to vary the components of the structure as required for each procedure and to remove an empty container or a container with the incorrect contents from the assembly and replace it with a proper device or material. The containers are particularly configured to hold thin, elongated devices, such as a series of containers for different size endodontic files, gutta percha, swabs, absorbent paper points, posts, or other dental tools or materials.

Abstract: A container and closure assembly is provided that defines an opening and has a lip positioned around the opening. The lip defines an inner surface, an outer surface, and a top surface. The container and closure assembly also includes a closure to attach to the container. The closure includes a top portion, a first skirt extending from the top portion, and a second skirt extending from the top portion. The closure also includes a latch and a hinge connected to the latch. The latch includes an actuator extending from the connection location and a follower portion extending from the connection location. The follower portion of the latch includes a blocking structure. Movement of actuator causes movement of blocking structure. The latch is movable between a first position in which the blocking structure is positioned in contact with the lip and a second position in which the blocking structure is spaced from the lip.

Abstract: A multi-purpose package set for different piece goods includes two lids provided with external and internal threads, respectively, and at least one tubular element provided with external and internal threads on the corresponding ends thereof. The lids and tubular elements may have a cylindrical shape, and at least one threaded joint can be provided during package manufacture with a lock that is broken on opening. The lids and tubular elements can be provided with ribs and impressed with serial numbers.

Abstract: A lid for a container having a built-in opening feature comprises a flexible laminate comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, a pair of radially spaced concentric lines of weakness being formed in the upper and lower layers, respectively, wherein the upper and lower layers in an annular region between the lines of weakness are readily peeled apart, and wherein the upper and lower layers outside the annular region are laminated together with an adhesive providing a bond with a greater peel strength than that required to separate the layers in the annular region. An integral strap is formed in the upper layer by a U-shaped cut line. A distal end of the strap opposite from the two ends of the cut line is within an adhesive-free region of the laminate. The ends of the cut line are in an adhesively laminated area of the laminate.

Abstract: A disposable medicine container for containing a medicine, particularly a viscous artificial tear. The disposable medicine container includes a main body (5), and a lid (4) connected to the main body (5) for sealing the main body (5), wherein a space portion (6) is formed in a bottom portion of the lid (4) so that the lid (4) can repeatedly open and close an opening (8) of the main body (5) even after the lid (4) is separated from the main body (5). The medicine container is contained in an airtight state in a portable case including an upper body (11) provided with protrusions (14) and a lower body (12) provided with grooves (15). The disposable medicine container contains a medicine, which is used several times over a short period of time, and allows the medicine to be repeatedly reused, thus being economical.

Abstract: A dispensing device comprising a housing having an upper loading chamber, a dispensing chamber located beneath the loading chamber and a gate means movable between a first, open position and second, closed position to allow selective communication of the loading chamber and the dispensing chamber, entry to the lower chamber being by means of door means, the device further comprising a locking means which prevents the door means from opening when the gate is in the open position and which prevents opening of the gate means, when the door means is open.

Abstract: A distributable packing unit with a beer-type liquid whose ingredients are approximately 89-94 wt.-% water and approximately 3.0-5.5 wt.-% beer extract including bittern from hops and that has a CO2 content of 1.5 g/kg liquid or less, with said beer-type liquid being stored in a tight, multi-layer transport and storage container that surrounds the liquid.

Abstract: A dual constituent container includes a compartment for liquids and an elongate inwardly directed recess open to the container exterior and isolated from the compartment. The container is formed by blow molding, using a mold that incorporates a shaping feature projected longitudinally into the mold cavity. The shaping feature incorporates an arrangement of longitudinal channels having a channel width such that when a thermoplastic preform is expanded into contact with the mold cavity walls and the shaping feature, portions of the expanded preform span the channels and cooperate with the channels to provide passages that accommodate pressurized air to facilitate separation of the expanded preform from the shaping feature. The same portions of the expanded preform can partially protrude into the channels, thus to form longitudinal ribs along the recess which aid in frictionally holding a secondary constituent.

Abstract: A medical supply container includes a generally hollow first member, manufactured from a first predetermined material and having a first predetermined size and a first predetermined shape, for housing at least one of medical supplies and medical waste therein. A securing mechanism is operably connected to such container at a first predetermined location thereon for releasably attaching such container to at least one of a rod and a pole.

Abstract: A collapsible container assembly comprising a folding container having at least four walls, with the at least four walls being pivotable relative to each other to allow the folding container to collapse in a parallelogram motion, and an inside cellular structure connected to the at least four walls. The cellular structure comprises a plurality of interconnected panels forming a plurality of cells, with the panels being formed of soft, deformable material. The folding container can be folded with the inside cellular structure therein such that the collapsible container assembly will be substantially flat when the folding container is moved to a collapsed position.

Abstract: For a storage, transport, stacking, and order-picking box (1) having a floor (2) and four walls (3a and 3b; 4a and 4b), of which at least one wall (4b) is designed as a movable element and in such a way that it can be latched to the adjacent walls (3a and 3b), wherein after being unlatched the one wall (4b) can be moved away to open up a large unloading opening (18) into the box interior, the movable box wall (4b) on at least one of its two outer edges has latching and unlatching means (9; 119) that are integrated into the wall structure, are freely accessible from the front, can be pivoted in a vertical plane in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and can be latched to the respective associated adjacent wall (3a and 3b).