Abstract: A transducer protector including at least two spaced apart filter membranes. The transducer protector may include a body positioned between two tubular connectors, each of which contains an axially aligned lumen. The body lumen may be separated from the lumen of each of the tubular connectors, respectively, by the filter membranes. An indicator may be disposed in the body to alert a user that the filter membrane has been breached by a contaminant so that the user can take immediate steps to prevent further contamination of the system. The indicator may display a change in an absorbance spectra peak at a wavelength ranging from approximately 200 nm to approximately 800 nm upon reacting with bodily fluid.

Abstract: A pressure pickup comprising: A pressure sensor; a pressure pickup housing, which, preferably, defines in its interior a sensor chamber, in which the sensor is arranged The pressure pickup housing further includes a housing end surface having a housing opening, through which the sensor can be exposed to pressure; and a process connection, which has in a process connection face a process connection opening, wherein the process connection is connectable with the pressure pickup housing in such a manner that the process connection opening aligns with the housing opening and such that the process connection face surrounds the housing end surface Between the pressure pickup housing and the process connection, a sealing ring is arranged, which is comprised of an elastomeric material, and which seals a gap between the process connection face and the housing end surface, wherein, preferably, the regions of the process connection face and the housing end surface bordering the gap are coplanar with one another.

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor includes a case, a first and a second pressure sensing element, a first and a second pressure introduction passage, and a differential pressure determining element. The first and second pressure sensing elements work to respectively sense a first and a second pressure. The first and second pressure introduction passages are provided to respectively introduce the first and second pressures to the first and second pressure sensing elements. The differential pressure determining element works to determine a differential pressure as the difference between the first and second pressures sensed by the first and second sensing elements. The first and second pressure sensing elements have the same shape and size and are symmetrically arranged in the case with respect to a reference. The first and second pressure introduction passages also have the same shape and size and are symmetrically positioned in the case with respect to the reference.

Abstract: A high temperature pressure transducer is fabricated from silicon carbide. A wafer of silicon carbide has reduced or active areas which act as deflecting diaphragms. Positioned on the reduced or active area is a silicon carbide sensor. The sensor is secured to the silicon carbide wafer by a glass bond. The pressure transducer is fabricated by first epitaxially growing a layer of highly N-doped 3C silicon carbide on a first silicon wafer or substrate. A second wafer of silicon carbide is selected to be a carrier wafer. The carrier wafer is etched preferentially to produce the deflecting members or reduced areas which serve as diaphragms. The 3C material on the silicon slice is patterned appropriately to provide a series of individual piezoresistors which then may be interconnected to form a Wheatstone bridge.

Abstract: The invention provides for a capacitance sensing circuit for a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor includes a sensor membrane and a compensation membrane. The circuit includes a controller arranged in signal communication with a charge amplifier, a charge injector and two switches. The charge amplifier is connected to the switches via a sensor capacitor in parallel with a reference capacitor in parallel with a parasitic capacitance to ground. The charge injector and charge amplifier are arranged in parallel connection between the capacitors and the controller. The controller operates the circuit to determine a charge imbalance indicative of a pressure difference between the sensor and compensation membranes.

Abstract: A manometer for multi-channel pressure measurement is presented which includes two or more manometer channels, where each channel includes an independent fluid level adjustment. Also included is a method for calibrating multiple channel carburetors using a manometer having multiple channels each having an independent fluid level adjustment.

Abstract: A sensor chip, comprising a flexible, polymer-based substrate, and at least one microfabricated sensor disposed on the substrate and including a conductive element. The at least one sensor comprises at least one of a tactile sensor and a flow sensor. Other embodiments of the present invention include sensors and/or multi-modal sensor nodes.

Abstract: A probe includes a sensor having a pressure-sensitive surface, electrical signals being producible by the sensor when pressure forces are acting that have a directional component orthogonal to the pressure-sensitive surface. The probe includes a probe element, which is supported in a movable manner relative to the sensor, and a mechanical transmission element. The probe includes a diaphragm, which is arranged between the transmission element and the pressure-sensitive surface of the sensor. The probe element, the transmission element, the diaphragm and the sensor are in a mechanical operative connection such that by contacting the probe element, a change in the level of the electrical signal is producible by the sensor.

Abstract: Structural stress in a fatigue-prone region of a structure is determined and analyzed by using: i) the nodal forces and displacement values in the fatigue-prone region, or ii) equilibrium equivalent simple stress states consistent with elementary structural mechanics in the fatigue-prone region. Of course, it is contemplated that combinations, equivalents, or variations of the recited bases may alternatively be employed.

Abstract: A method for measuring the fracture and fatigue crack growth behavior of a material includes heating at least one sample having a first end and a second end and a pre-applied crack between the first end and the second end; heating a fixture having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than said at least one sample; attaching the first end and the second end of the at least one sample to the fixture; cooling the at least one sample and fixture; recording the temperature at which propagation of the pre-applied crack through the width of the at least one sample occurs as the critical fracture temperature; for a plurality of samples, each sample having a different ratio of pre-applied crack length to sample width, determining the critical fracture temperature as a function of said ratio; and ranking materials by the critical fracture temperature.

Abstract: A joystick apparatus employs a hermetically sealed load cell having strain gauges placed on flexible beams formed on the load cell. All of the strain gauges are on the same surface of the load cell and therefore wiring is performed on a single side of the load cell. The strain gauges are enclosed in hermetically sealed cavity. The sensing diaphragm consists of a concentric thick inner and outer section joined by thinner diametrically opposed beam elements. The thin beam elements are compliant members which can deflect. Each beam includes strain gauges or sensor elements and the load cell is coupled to a joystick which when moved causes the beams to deflect to cause the sensor elements to produce an electrical output proportional to the force and direction of the joystick. The sensor can yield an output proportional to any angle over the 360° movement of the joystick to provide outputs proportional to the X and Y positions of said joystick.

Abstract: A torque limiting and ratcheting driver having a housing and a torque limiting assembly located within the housing. The torque limiting assembly includes a cam member, a plunger, and a roller supported by the plunger that interacts with the cam member. The ratcheting assembly is located interiorly of the cam member.

Abstract: A torque-detecting sleeve member is a cylindrical member that has first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts, a torsion signal generator and a torsion converter. Torque acts on the first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts in at least two points. The torsion signal generator is disposed axially between the first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts to at least partially form an external peripheral surface between the first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts. The torsion converter is operatively disposed between the torsion signal generator and at least one of the first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts for converting torsion transmitted from the at least one of the first and second cylindrical torque-acting parts to the torsion signal generator.

Abstract: A model hand (120, 700) for use in electromagnetic testing comprising a body (210, 710) and at least one digit (220, 780) extending from a side of the body. For one embodiment, the body (210) has an outer semi-cylinder surface (230) with an arcuate shape and an inner semi-cylinder surface (240) following the arcuate shape of the outer semi-cylinder surface. A digit (220) is coupled at a base end (260) coupled to the side (250) of the cylindrical body (210) to permit pivotal motion of the digit relative to the cylindrical body. For another embodiment, the body (710) has a palm-like shape with four static digits (740-770) affixed at one end to the palm-shaped body. In addition to the four static digits (740-770), a dynamic digit (780) extends from the body (710) and couples to the body to permit pivotal motion of the digit relative to the body.

Abstract: A bracket for mounting a sensor. The bracket may include a base with a base loading mechanism for mating with the sensor, a first arm attached to the base, and a second arm adjustably attached to the base. The first arm may include a first arm loading mechanism for mating with the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a torque to an external member to assist in twisting or deforming the external member. In one implementation the apparatus is useful for providing a force to a torque tube to assist in rotating, bending or twisting a wing, an airfoil, or a rotorcraft blade. The apparatus includes at least one biasing member which provides a biasing force to a linkage assembly, where the linkage assembly is pivotally coupled to a torque tube. The torque tube is fixedly coupled to the structure which needs to be bent, twisted or flexed. The energy stored in the biasing member provides the great majority of mechanical force required to rotate the torque tube and bend, twist or deform the structure when the structure is urged back into an unflexed or un-deformed state, the energy stored in the structure is transferred back to the apparatus.

Abstract: An external circulation type ball screw comprises a screw, a nut, rolling elements and a return member. The nut is a hollow structure mounted on the screw. The rolling elements are received in the helical groove of the screw and the rolling groove of the nut. The return member is disposed on the nut and includes a guiding member and a cover. The guiding member is defined with two guiding portions and a first half pipe, and each guiding portion is fixed in the fixing hole of the nut. The cover includes a fixing portion for covering the guiding portion and a second half pipe for covering the first half pipe. The return member is installed in the fixing hole through the guiding portion, and then the cover is used to cover the guiding member, thus finishing the assembly of the return member. In addition, the return device can be produced by molding process, and it solves the problem that the conventional return device is difficult to assemble.

Abstract: The invention provides a steering column assembly having a steering column jacket operable to support a steering shaft. The steering column assembly also includes a collar presenting a surface for guiding movement of the steering column jacket. The steering column assembly also includes a locking member operable to move in a first direction from an unlocked position to a locked position to increasingly urge the steering column jacket and the surface of the collar together to lock relative movement between the steering column jacket and the collar. The steering column assembly also includes a shaft operable to rotate in a first angular direction about a first axis to move the locking member in the first direction. The steering column assembly also includes a crank extending radially outwardly from the shaft. The steering column assembly also includes a lever operable to rotate in a second angular direction about a second axis spaced from the first axis.

Abstract: A pedal box for an automobile is designed to collapse in the event of a front-end vehicle collision. A pedal box supports a control pedal of the automobile. The pedal is pivotally mounted on a main pivot shaft which goes through a preferably arcuate elongate slot in the pedal. The main pivot shaft is normally held at one end of the slot by a blocking plate which is held between a pivotal access below the slot and a latch member above the slot. In the case of a frontal impact of the automobile causing entry of the pedal box into the driver's compartment, a relatively rigid member of the automobile contacts the latch member and releases the latching engagement, permitting the blocking plate to fall away and allowing the main pivot shaft to traverse a slot in the pedal together with rotation of the pedal away from contact with the feet of a driver of the automobile.

Abstract: In a shaft arrangement structure of an engine which is provided with a crank case divided into upper and lower two members, forms a transmission room accommodating a transmission within the crank case, and utilizes a lower portion of the transmission room as an oil reservoir chamber, an input shaft of the transmission is positioned above a line connecting an axis of the crank shaft of the engine and an axis of the output shaft of the transmission as seen in an axial direction. An angle formed between a first segment connecting the axis of the crank shaft and the axis of the input shaft and a center line of a cylinder of the engine above the axis of the crank shaft is acute.

Abstract: There is provided a PTO transmission structure including a PTO driving shaft operatively connected to a driving source, a PTO driven shaft arranged in a downstream side in a transmission direction of the PTO driving shaft, a PTO clutch unit for selectively performing power transmission/power interruption from the PTO driving shaft to the PTO driven shaft, and a transmission case for supporting the PTO driving shaft and the PTO driven shaft and for accommodating the PTO clutch unit. The transmission case has a case main body which includes a first wall having a first hole for supporting the PTO driving shaft, and a second wall having a second hole for supporting the PTO driven shaft, the second wall being spaced apart from the first wall so as to define a first accommodating space to position the PTO clutch unit between the first wall and the second wall.

Abstract: A twist drill for use, predominantly by non-professional do-it-yourself workers incorporates a flute architecture with an internal ridge for promoting the break up of chips into short length components. The tip of the twist drill includes an axial relief construction for improved performance across a wide variety of materials, and a highly sloped face for prompting transport of chips away from the drill tip.

Abstract: A system and method for sealing a live center is provided. The live center has a spindle disposed, at least in part, within a housing, bearings provide a rolling connection between the spindle and the housing, and a labyrinth seal is mounted to at least one of the spindle and the housing and is configured to reduce an amount of contaminant from entering the housing. A method of sealing a live center is also provided. In some embodiments of the invention, the method includes restricting a fluid path along a spindle, defining the fluid path to have a labyrinth section, providing a drain to the outside of the live center for fluid moving along the path and substantially blocking the path of the resilient seal.

Abstract: Hardened cutter elements commonly called cutters used in saw chains to act as cutter links. The hardened cutters have hard insets applied and connected to the cutting face of the cutter. The insets are made of a hard, tough material, such as a suitable carbide. Also shown are saw chains having the hardened cutter links with the hard insets. The preferred insets include a rear portion having a semi-cylindrical attachment surface. The attachment surface is configured for attachment to a filed or ground cutting face of a conventional saw chain cutter. A front portion of the inset has a cutting face which is provided with beveled cutting face corners and preferably chamfered edges extending rearwardly from the inset cutting face. Methods of producing the cutters with insets and for producing saw chains with the hardened cutters are also described.

Abstract: A system determines an optimal weapon release condition of an attack vehicle engaging a target. The system includes a portion for determining the optimal weapon release condition by comparing the probability of killing the target to the probability of the attack vehicle being killed.

Abstract: A firearm suppressor includes a housing to be mounted to a firearm. The housing defines a lumen therein for receiving gases from the firearm. At least one stripper member is disposed in the lumen for engaging and deflecting the gases. At least one one-way flow element is disposed downstream of the at least one stripper member in gas flow direction for permitting a one-way flow of the gases. At least one decompression chamber is disposed downstream of the at least one one-way flow element for reducing energy in the gases. At least one vent valve is disposed downstream of the at least one decompression chamber for expelling the gases into the atmosphere. A mounting system and a mounting method are also provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic linear drive, particularly a hydraulic transmission actuator, having a piston/cylinder unit, in which an actuating piston longitudinally displaceably arranged in the cylinder housing divided into at least two pressure chambers which can be acted upon by hydraulic oil by way of control conduits. A piston rod is connected with the actuating piston, and a sealing element is arranged on the actuating piston to seal off the two pressure chambers from one another. The actuating piston has a two-piece construction and consists of a first and a second piston part between whose facing faces, a sealing element is arranged.

Abstract: Slow cooking over solid fuel in an enclosed barbeque pit is carried out by the use of an electronically controlled impeller which directs a flow of air toward the fuel. The duty cycle of the impeller is controlled by an electronic controller which is responsive to the internal temperature of the food and to the temperature of the pit atmosphere. As the internal temperature of the food increases, the temperature of the pit atmosphere gradually decreases.

Abstract: Provided is a folding apparatus for roasting poultry using a metallic liquid-storage container. The apparatus includes a base to provide lateral stability when placed on a cooking surface, hinge mounts attached to the base, hinges attached to the hinge mounts and vertical supports pivotally attached to the plurality of hinges. Also provided are methods for providing a folding device for roasting poultry using a metallic liquid-storage container. The methods include the steps of forming a base, attaching a hinge mount to the base, attaching a hinge to the hinge mount, and pivotally securing a vertical support to the hinge.

Abstract: A firewood bundler device includes a base member having first and second opposed, vertical arm members extending from the base member. A U-shaped, wood support member is attached at an end of each arm member, with an open end opposite the base member. A wrapping support member is rotatably attached to an end of one arm member and includes a spindle section extending therefrom, the spindle section movable in a circular path around the wood support members upon rotation of the wrapping support member. The spindle section holds a roll of wrapping material. A rotation device is operatively connected to the wrapping support member for imparting rotational movement thereto and to the spindle section. Multiple pieces of firewood placed in the U-shaped supports are encircled with wrapping material by rotation of the wrapping support member holding a roll of wrapping material.

Abstract: A rotary ring (34) formed such that an outer circumference is eccentric with respect to an inner circumference is provided to an outer circumference of an eccentric drum (333) of an eccentric shaft (33). An adjustment ring (41) formed such that an outer circumference is eccentric with respect to an inner circumference is provided to the outer circumference of the rotary ring (34), and a slide (5) is mounted to the outer circumference of the adjustment ring (41). Since the slide (5) and a slide drive unit (30) are arranged to be superposed substantially at the same height, a distance between the slide drive unit (30) and a lower end of the slide (5) can be reduced and the entire height of a servo press (1) can be reduced. In addition, since the height position of the slide (5) can be finely adjusted by rotating the adjustment ring (41), a press working can be performed with high accuracy.

Abstract: The rocker machine of the invention can be worked to produce uniformly engraved plates of any size and suitable for mezzotint engraving. The rocker machine includes a table, a rocker assembly and a guide assembly. The table can be rotatable or fixed, and is inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The rocker assembly includes one or more rockers, one or more lateral members and a cross arm. Each rocker has a curved lower edge along which protrude a plurality of teeth. The lateral members are adapted for reciprocal translation along a horizontal axis, and are moveable along an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the rocker. The lateral members are attached at the proximal end to the rocker or to the cross arm and at the distal end are moveable along lateral guides.

Abstract: An object is to provide a single color press which shortens takt time by eliminating wastefulness from the printing process. There is provided: a first transfer cylinder which transfers an image to a first printing substrate; a first moving carriage which holds the first transfer cylinder in a rotatable manner and travels along a frame; a second transfer cylinder which transfers an image of the same color and shape to a second printing substrate; a second moving carriage which holds the second transfer cylinder in a rotatable manner and travels along the frame 3; and a single relief plate which removes a reverse image from ink applied to the first transfer cylinder and the second transfer cylinder.

Abstract: An offset web print unit includes a plate cylinder, a blanket cylinder, a second blanket cylinder, an autoplating mechanism, and a throw-off mechanism including a single actuator both for moving the blanket cylinder from the second blanket cylinder and for moving the blanket cylinder to selectively contact the plate cylinder to permit autoplating while the blanket cylinder is thrown-off of the second blanket cylinder. Methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method for operating a printer for printing a print job requiring at least one color ink. At least one printer operating parameter is chosen which may include a remaining ink volume of the at least one color ink. A first print density for one color ink is obtained for at least one future print job without regard to the obtained printer operating parameter(s). A different second print density for the one color ink is obtained for the at least one future print job based on at least the obtained printer operating parameter(s). A user prompt is issued for user approval or non-approval to use the second print density for the one color ink when printing the at least one future print job. The second print density is used upon receiving a user reply of approval. The first print density is used upon receiving a user reply of non-approval.

Abstract: An infra-red emitting decoy flare comprising a rupturable container 13 housing combustible flakes 1 and ignition means 20 for igniting the combustible flakes 1. Each of the combustible flakes 1 comprises a fibrous, carbon containing substrate on to which has been vapor deposited on one or both faces thereof a combustible material layer which is capable, in use, of igniting substantially simultaneously the entire surface onto which it is deposited.

Abstract: A gas generator, including an igniter, a gas generating agent ignited by the igniter and generating gas by burning, and a holder and an AC cup forming therein a gas generating agent storage chamber filled with the gas generating agent. A housing formed of the holder and the AC cup is vertically held and fixed by a pair of plate-like members arranged parallel with each other. The gas generator also includes projections forming deformable areas which are deformed in a direction for decreasing the vertical outside dimensions of the gas generator when the housing is fixed by the pair of plate-like members. Thus, when the gas generator is fixed by the pair of plate-like members in the vertical direction, the dispersion of the outside dimensions of the gas generator can be absorbed.

Abstract: A track renewal machine is equipped with a ballast conveyor band extending in the longitudinal direction and arranged between upper and lower tie transport units and between ballast receiving means and ballast distributing means. The ballast conveyor band has a discharge end positioned rearwardly of a device for laying new rails, in the operating direction. A device for spacing the new ties from each other is positioned rearwardly of the ballast conveyor band discharge end in the operating direction.

Abstract: A retractable step for entering and exiting rail vehicles. The retractable step has a surface which can be walked upon and is configured to be extended in an essentially linear direction to bridge a gap between the rail vehicle and a platform. The retractable step includes a leading edge and has at least one sensor configured to prevent a collision with objects during an extension operation of the retractable step. The strip is movably connected to the retractable step and extends over an entire length L of the retractable step.

Abstract: A portable paint station that includes a work table and a pair of legs that are positionable in a retracted position and an extended position. In one form, the paint station provides a work surface that may be selectively positioned at two distinct heights. In another form, the paint station provides a work surface with a roller tray recess that may be selectively covered to resist the formation of a skin on paint that is located in the recess. In a further form, the paint station provides a work table with a pair of legs. At least one set of the legs has a handle aperture that may be employed to hand carry the paint station on its side. In yet another form, the paint station includes a roller tray assembly that facilitates the short-term storage of a paint roller that is loaded with paint.

Abstract: A pallet includes a cargo layer and a base layer. The base layer includes a pair of spaced apart end deck boards, and a pair of spaced apart connector boards orthogonal to the pair of spaced apart end deck boards, with each connector board and each end deck board having respective ends. A strength plate is coupled to each respective end of the connector boards in the base layer. Spaced apart support blocks are between the base and cargo layers, and form a gap therebetween for receiving a lifting member. First fasteners couple the cargo layer to an upper surface of the support blocks. Second fasteners couple the base layer to a lower surface of the support blocks so that the ends of the connector boards and the corresponding strength plates are coupled to a first area of the lower surface of the support blocks, and so that the ends of the end deck boards are coupled to a second area of the lower surface of the support blocks.

Abstract: A new and improved knockdown pallet structure comprises a relatively flexible base panel which is fabricated from a suitable woven plastic material, such as, for example, polypropylene, and a pair of laterally spaced, longitudinally extending pockets are secured upon undersurface portions of the base panel so as to accommodate rigid support members, which may comprise rigid thermoplastic tubes or pipes, for accommodating the fork tines of a forklift truck when a pallet structure, having a palletized load disposed thereon, is to be lifted and transported.

Abstract: A portable shelf includes a planar shelf surface, a cleat, and a strap secured to the cleat. The cleat has a first end connected to a rear edge of the shelf surface and a distal second end. The cleat may either be integrally formed with the shelf surface, or pivotally connected thereto. The cleat is substantially perpendicular to the shelf surface in an open position. The strap forms a continuous loop for encircling a support post. The strap is tightenable against the support post, thereby securing the cleat to the support post.

Abstract: An article of furniture comprises a support assembly including an elongate cross-member, a first end panel having a top edge and an interlocking slot for engagement with an interlocking slot at one end of the cross-member, a second end panel having a top edge and an interlocking slot for engagement with the interlocking slot at the other end of the cross-member, and an intermediate support member having a pair of top edges and an interlocking slot for engagement with an interlocking slot at an intermediate portion of the cross-member. A tabletop panel is supported on the top edges of the end panels and the intermediate support. The article of furniture includes a magazine holder comprising an opening formed in the table top over an intersection point, the intersection point corresponding to a base for supporting magazines inserted through the opening.

Abstract: A safe having a support assembly disposed in the interior of the safe. The door of the safe is coupled to the support assembly and is shiftable between a closed position wherein the door is received in an opening of the safe and an open position wherein the door is removed from the opening in the safe and disposed in the interior of the safe.

Abstract: An apparatus for stitching a fabric and/or attaching guide rings to the fabric for possible use in a covering for an architectural opening includes a lift bar to which a top edge of the fabric is connected so the fabric can hang into an underlying housing where a plurality of individually operated clamps are positioned. The clamps can manipulate the fabric as the lift bar is raised or lowered while horizontal tucks are formed in the fabric with a reciprocating tucker blade. A pair of traversing sewing machines are used to stitch a tuck and/or attach guide rings to the tuck in an automated operation.

Abstract: A support assembly is disclosed generally including a buckle component or components and a positioning member of flexible material that is arranged and configured to support the buckle component in a predetermined elevated position or predetermined positions for multiple components while also allowing for resilient shifting thereof. In the preferred form, the flexible material is belt webbing that has a plurality of fold portions folded and sewn together in a specific manner. Sew patterns are disclosed as well as methods and fixtures for forming the belt webbing positioning member.

Abstract: A vertical damping system for a plurality of water vessels for diminishing the relative vertical movement between two or more water vessels moored in a skin-to-skin orientation. The vertical damping system may include one or more vertical damping devices, each device pivotally connected to a side portion of a first vessel and detachably connecting to a side portion of a second vessel. The vertical damping device may be a piston/cylinder arrangement and the damping system may involve more than two water vessels. The vertical damping system counteracts the effect of roll motion on water vessels, thereby enabling ship-to-ship functions such as cargo loading and the like.

Abstract: An anchor system 12 is shown and described. The anchor system 12 consists of a boat plate 18 to which are rotatably attached a plurality of boat shackles 24. The boat shackles 24 are affixed to boat lines 14 that secure the boat B to the boat plate 18. The boat plate 18 is attached with a swivel 22 to an anchor plate 20. The anchor plate has a plurality of anchor shackles 26 to which are attached anchor lines 16. The anchor lines 16 are then attached to anchors which are secured to the sea or lake bed. This anchor system 12 can be used to secure a boat B in a harbor or in the water to the sea or lake bed. The system as described helps prevent the boat lines 14 or the anchor lines 16 from crossing over one another during undesirable weather thus helping to prevent chafing and premature line failure. This system can help prevent failure of the lines 14, 16 and boat loss or catastrophic damage to the boat B.

Abstract: A solution containing a sample is provided vibration by a vibrating element, the solution is atomized in a status retaining its activities as minute particulate substances, and the solution and/or the atomized minute particulate substances are electrically charged by wires applied a high voltage. Then, the particles are dried out during flying, the particles are deposited onto a substrate grounded by electrostatic force, and to be immobilized in a status keeping its activities.