Abstract: The present invention provides an internal combustion engine including an engine housing, a crankshaft rotatably supported in the engine housing, a cylinder, a piston movable within the cylinder, a combustion chamber in fluid communication with the cylinder, a fuel system configured to provide fuel to the combustion chamber, an intake passageway configured to provide a fluid to the combustion chamber, and a first regulator at least partially positioned in the intake passageway. The first regulator is selectable from a plurality of regulators. The engine also includes a coupling device configured to maintain the first regulator in the intake passageway, and a slot in the interior wall of the intake passageway that receives an end of the first regulator. The first regulator is configured to be removed and replaced by a second regulator from the plurality of regulators without disassembly of the intake passageway.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multipart piston (10) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a piston top (11) and a piston base (12), the piston base (12), on its side facing the piston top (11), having a supporting disk (32). The invention is characterized in that the piston top (11), on its side facing the piston base (12), has a threaded bore (31), the supporting disk (32), on its side facing away from the piston top (11), has a radial contact surface (34) against which a corresponding radial contact surface (36) configured on a screw (35) rests, and in that the screw (35) is screwed into the threaded bore (31).

Abstract: A horizontal groove extending horizontally when an alternator bracket is fixed to a cylinder block of a vehicle engine is formed in the alternator bracket. A shank of a bolt inserted through mounting pieces of an alternator is inserted into the horizontal groove from a horizontally lateral direction toward the cylinder block to support the bolt on a lower surface of the horizontal groove. After insertion, the bolt is restrained from moving toward an opening of the horizontal groove. Since the insertion of the bolt into the horizontal groove is facilitated, and the weight of the alternator is borne by the lower surface of the horizontal groove, a burden on a fixing portion is reduced, and it becomes easy to position the alternator and hold it when it is fixed. Thus, the accessory can be mounted on the cylinder block with satisfactory work efficiency and with support accuracy kept high.

Abstract: A tubular channel is disposed in a path of air that flows from an inlet to a dirty side. The cross sectional area of the tubular channel is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inlet. A dust outlet is disposed in a wall in a path of the air that flows out of the exit of the tubular channels to the dirty side. The dust outlet extends through the wall of the air cleaner from the inside to the outside. As the air blasts out of the dust outlet, dust in the air cleaner is discharged to the outside.

Abstract: An energy transfer machine, for example, a positive displacement internal combustion device, has a fixed or rotating outer housing, an internal rotating carrier and one or more inner rotors with rotational axes which are offset from the inner rotor carrier rotational axis. Circumferentially expandable projections from the outer housing and rotor mesh with each other to define variable volume chambers.

Abstract: In an engine combustion chamber, a first intake port (19) formed from a straight port has a throat portion (43) formed in a linear shape and opening in a tangential direction of the inner periphery of a cylinder (11a), thus generating a first swirl (S1), and a second intake port (20) formed from a helical port has a throat portion (44) formed in a helical shape, thus generating a second swirl (S2) inside the first swirl (S1) in the same direction as that of the first swirl (S1). In this way, even with the first and second intake ports (19, 20) hardly curved overall, it is possible to efficiently generate first and second swirls (S1, S2) that do not interfere with each other, and it becomes possible to reduce the cost of machining the cylinder head, make the cylinder head compact, and simplify the structure of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine including a unit for retarding an ignition timing from an MBT by a predetermined value or more during cranking at engine starting or during a period from a first combustion up to an idling engine speed.

Abstract: A throttle body includes a resin body (3) defining a bore (7) through which intake air flows, and a valve body (60) having a shaft part (20) rotatably supported by the body (3) via a pair of bearing members (24) and a resin valve part (4) for opening and closing the bore (7). End faces (67) of the valve part (4) slidably contacting with end faces (69) of the bearing members (24). The end faces (67) and (69) of at least one of the valve part (4) and the bearing members (24) slidably contacting with each other are formed to have a radius (69r) equal to or larger than a radius (68r) of paths of rotation (68) of radially outer ends (67a) of the end faces (67) of the valve part (4).

Abstract: An ignition control system which reduces decrease in output of the internal combustion engine and increase in exhaust gas temperature when one spark plug alone is used for ignition is provided. The ignition control system is used for an engine having cylinders, each of which has two spark plugs. The ignition control system includes a first controller having a first ignition timing control section for controlling ignition timing of a first group of spark plugs including a first spark plug of the two spark plugs in each cylinder and a second controller having a second ignition timing control section for controlling ignition timing of a second group of spark plugs including a second spark plug of the two spark plugs in each cylinder. The first and second ignition timing control sections correct ignition timing according to predetermined parameters when one of the two spark plugs is not used in at least one cylinder.

Abstract: A spark-ignition gasoline engine having at least a spark plug, the engine including an engine body having a geometrical compression ratio set at 14 or more, and an intake valve and an exhaust valve provided, respectively, in intake and exhaust ports connected to each of a plurality of cylinders of the engine body. The intake and exhaust valves are adapted to open and close corresponding respective ones of the intake and exhaust ports. The engine further includes an operation-state detector adapted to detect an operation state of the engine body and a control system adapted, based on detection of the operation-state detector, to perform at least an adjustment control of an ignition timing of the spark plug, the control system being operable, when an engine operation zone is a high-load operation zone including a wide open throttle region within at least a low speed range, to retard the ignition timing to a point within a predetermined stroke range just after a top dead center of a compression stroke.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes an in-cylinder pressure sensor for detecting in-cylinder pressure. A combustion start time and combustion end time, which are parameters serving as control indexes for an internal combustion engine, are determined in accordance with ignition timing. Information about a heat release amount is acquired in accordance with the in-cylinder pressures that are measured at two points by the in-cylinder pressure sensor. The in-cylinder pressure is estimated in accordance with a relationship among the heat release amount information, control index parameters, and in-cylinder pressure.

Abstract: A control device 10 for an internal combustion engine 80 includes an injector drive circuit 90 that drives an injector 30 that injects fuel and a temperature detection device that at least detects timing when a temperature condition that the temperature of the injector drive circuit 90 exceeds predetermined temperature is satisfied. The control device 10 includes a heat-generation-suppression control means 104 that performs control for suppressing the heat generation of the injector drive circuit 90. The heat-generation-suppression control means 104 selects, on the basis of a driving state of a vehicle, at least one parameter among an electric current applied to the injector, fuel pressure supplied to the injector 30, the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine, and voltage from a battery to be boosted and performs control for limiting a value of the selected parameter on the basis of the timing.

Abstract: An injected fuel pressure boosting device provided with a large diameter piston, a medium diameter piston, and a small diameter piston. A high pressure chamber filled at high pressure at all times is formed at the outer end of the medium diameter pistons, while a pressure boosting chamber is formed at the outer end of the small diameter piston. A pressure control chamber is formed on the end face of the large diameter piston on the small diameter piston side. When high pressure fuel is supplied to the pressure control chamber, the large diameter piston moves to the medium diameter piston side, that is, the pressure boosting preparation position. At this time, the leaked fuel outflow port is closed by the end face of the large diameter piston.

Abstract: A common rail and injectors are connected by fuel pipes disposed outside a cylinder head cover. The common rail and the plurality of injectors integrated by the fuel pipes can be detached from a cylinder head, so that the plurality of injectors are detached from the cylinder head together with the common rail. In removing the cylinder head cover for inspection work, therefore, release of the connections of the fuel pipes to the injectors and to the common rail can be eliminated to minimize the release of the connection of piping.

Abstract: A fuel supply and combustion chamber system for a portable power tool, such as, for example, a fastener-driving tool, wherein the fuel supply and combustion chamber system can utilize liquid fuels. The fuel supply and combustion chamber system can comprise multiple combustion chambers for achieving predetermined combustion and power output characteristics. In addition, the fuel supply and combustion chamber system can utilize portioning valve structures for providing predetermined amounts of either a gaseous or liquid fuel into the portable power tool combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal-combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder (10) in which a piston (14) slides between a top dead center (TDC) and a bottom dead center (BDC) under the action of a connecting rod (20) of axis XX and a crankshaft (38) controlling the displacement of the piston under the effect of an articulated linking system (26) allowing variation of the engine displacement and/or compression ratio. The articulated linking system comprises a shift lever (26) mounted to pivot around an articulation axle (46) and is displaceable in translation in at least one direction by displacement control means (52, 52V). The shift lever comprises a porthole (44) within which the axle is housed and is connected by one (24) of its ends to the connecting rod and by the other (28) end to a link (32) connected to the crankshaft. Shift lever (26) comprises a slider (78) carrying articulation axle (46) and cooperating with opening (44) of the lever.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for actuating at least one piezoelectric actuating drive (1) of an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, comprising a control device (6) which cyclically actuates a charging circuit and a discharging circuit (2, 3) of the piezoelectric actuating drive (1).

Abstract: A pumping element for pressurizing a fluid within a fluid pump includes a plunger reciprocally disposed within a bore defined in a barrel. The plunger and barrel at least partially define a pressurization chamber into which fluid is pressurized. A flow path is defined between the plunger and the bore, the flow path permitting fluid to pass from the pressurization chamber during pressurization of fluid disposed therein. A collection chamber is formed between the plunger and the bore, the collection chamber being disposed adjacent to the bore and being part of a cooling circuit for the pumping element. A plurality of weep openings is defined in the barrel and is fluidly connected to the collection chamber. A reduced diameter portion of the barrel forms an annular reservoir that receives fluid from the weep openings.

Abstract: A low-pressure pump portion pumps fuel from a fuel tank. A pressure regulating valve controls pressure of fuel discharged from the low-pressure pump portion. A high-pressure pump portion pressurizes the discharged fuel. A valve cover has a mounting portion mounted with the pressure regulating valve. A camshaft moves a movable member to pressurize fuel in a high-pressure pump chamber of a cylinder so as to press-feed the fuel from the high-pressure pump portion. The low-pressure pump portion includes a rotatable member, which is rotatable integrally with the camshaft, and a pump cover, which accommodates the rotatable member. The pump cover is fixed to the pump housing. The valve cover is a separate component from the pump housing and the pump cover.

Abstract: A branch pipe is coupled to a middle portion of an outside-air connection pipe. A fresh-air inlet of the branch pipe opens into the outside air. A check valve is provided in the branch pipe. The check valve restrains air in the outside-air connection pipe from flowing out into the outside air via the branch pipe and allows the outside air to flow into the outside-air connection pipe via the branch pipe when an inside pressure of the outside-air connection pipe decreases to a specified negative pressure. The fresh-air inlet of the branch pipe is positioned at a specified level higher than a fresh-air inlet of the outside-air connection pipe and disposed in a space formed between wheel house panels and a mud guard.

Abstract: The invention provides a PCV system for a V-type engine, where an oilmist extraction port, through which oilmist to be supplied to an oil separator is taken out from the engine, is formed at a position corresponding to the lateral center of the top portion of a chain case of the engine, and the oil separator has an oil discharge hole, and is connected to a PCV valve. A rib, which extends from the floor wall of the oil separator toward a wall opposite to the floor wall, is arranged inside the oil separator. The rib forms a dead-end portion that is open in the direction opposite to the direction toward the PCV valve side, and forms a dead-end in the direction toward the PCV valve side. An oil return passage connected to the oil discharge hole is provided with a container portion.

Abstract: As one example, a fuel rail assembly for supplying pressurized fuel to a plurality of cylinders of an engine is provided. The fuel rail assembly includes a fuel rail housing defining an internal fuel rail volume having at least a first region and a second region; a fuel separation membrane element disposed within the fuel rail housing that segregates the first region from the second region. The membrane element can be configured to pass a first component of a fuel mixture such as an alcohol through the membrane element from the first region to the second region at a higher rate than a second component of the fuel mixture such as a hydrocarbon. The separated alcohol and hydrocarbon components can be provided to the engine in varying relative amounts based on operating conditions.

Abstract: An interactive catapult training device is provided for teaching and demonstrating the principles of problem solving using tools and techniques of applied statistics, Six Sigma, lean manufacturing and other process excellence techniques. The device includes a base and a hub fixed to a position with respect to the base and removable from the base. A swing arm is coupled to and rotatable about the hub from a first angle to a second angle, the swing arm being removable from the hub. A cup is fixed to a position with respect to the swing arm and adapted to receive a projectile, the cup being removable from the swing arm. A spring is coupled between a first coupling point fixed with respect to the base and a second coupling point on the swing arm. The spring provides tension for setting the swing arm in motion from the first angle to the second angle. The spring can be removable from the first and second coupling points.

Abstract: A paintball gun is made with a control circuit controlling the operation of the gun. The control circuit is provided substantially as a circuit board installed through an opening of the gun housing. The circuit board performs some novel functions including storing and replaying sound clips from stored digital files, The sound clips could include instructions to the user, music, audible indications of various operations and/or parameters related to the operation of the paintball gun, and so on.

Abstract: A paintball gun is made with a control circuit controlling the operation of the gun. The control circuit is provided substantially as a stiff circuit board installed through an opening of the gun housing. The circuit board performs some novel functions including storing and replaying sound clips from stored digital files, keeping track of the number of paintballs left and providing visual indications to a user. A button is provided on the gun handle and in alignment with a control switch on the printed circuit board. Pushing the button causes the activation of the control switch. The button may be implemented as a portion of the handle that is flexible. When this portion is depressed, it flexes inward to activate the control switch.

Abstract: A paintball gun is made with a control circuit controlling the operation of the gun. The control circuit performs some novel functions including counting the number of paintballs that have been ejected and using this information, generating an output signal indicative of the number of paintballs left in a magazine.

Abstract: The invention provides a toy that functions to propel a projectile through a tube at someone or something by exerting sufficient air pressure from the user's lungs through the tube. This action has the effect of challenging and building the user's respiratory system, including the respiratory musculature and lung capacity, through the repeated use of the toy.

Abstract: A playset includes a launching device and one or more accessory toys. The launching device includes a launch tube and a bellows system operable to generate a flow of air through the launch tube. The accessory toys may include vehicles such as air-launched vehicles and surface-launched vehicles. Each accessory toy may include a port that receives the launch tube. In use, an accessory toy is mounted onto the launch tube and the bellows is compressed, causing the air to propel the vehicle into the air or along a surface. In another embodiment, the launch tube may include and interference assembly that selectively prohibits the mounting of an accessory toy onto the launch tube, or prevents the launching of accessory toys already mounted onto the tube. The launching device may further be incorporated into a carrying case or a transport vehicle toy.

Abstract: A paintball gun is made with a control circuit controlling the operation of the gun. The control circuit is provided substantially as a circuit board installed through an opening of the gun housing. The circuit board performs several functions including storing and replaying sound clips from stored digital files, keeping track of the number of paintballs left and providing visual indications to a user. A flexible printed circuit board is provided to connect either a switch or an indicator on the handle, with conductors on the board connecting the switch or indicator to an electronic circuit mounted on a standard stiff printed circuit board.

Abstract: A pneumatic spear gun has a stock supporting a barrel. The gun uses compressed gas to power a spear having movable vanes that slide along the shaft to become fixed at the base of the spear to rotate the spear and stabilize trajectory. The compressed gas is stored in a high pressure tank in the forearm of the gun. The tank also has a breathing regulator and mouthpiece. There is a gas handling system between the tank and the barrel for providing multiple single shots and regulating the flow of expanding gases.

Abstract: The instant invention is a heat reclaimer that is positioned within the chimney of an existing outdoor wood stove. The reclaimer is heated by the waste heat leaving the combustion chamber of the outdoor wood stove. This waste heat is captured in the reclaimer by heating water inside the reclaimer then recirculating that water to the existing outdoor wood stove raising the temperature of the return water in that outdoor wood stove and thereby increasing the efficiency of the outdoor wood stove. The device maximizes the efficiency for specific heating outdoor wood stoves by extracting BTUs from waste or lost flue gases through a safe and environmentally sound practice. The device saves substantial amounts of resources as well as time gathering and preparing the fuels.

Abstract: An apparatus that is selectively attachable to a vehicle, for transporting a cooking device and positioning the cooking device so as to also permit access to the vehicle. The apparatus includes a hitch insertion member for insertion into a trailer hitch, and a mounting support for a cooking device, for example a barbeque pit. The cooking device has a slidable cover that allows access to the interior of the device to allow cooking or heating. The slidable cover allows access without interfering with the vehicle.

Abstract: A barbecue having a manual operating mode and an automatic operating mode. In the manual operating mode a user is required to act affirmatively on the burner or burners of the barbecue in order to light them. In the automatic operating mode, a controller operably controls an igniter and/or a pilot to automatically light the burner or burners without the need for a user to affirmatively act on the burners themselves.

Abstract: A dish includes: a food accommodator which accommodates a food therein; and a heat medium accommodator which is provided in a part of the food accommodator and accommodates a heat medium therein to keep the food accommodated in the food accommodator warm and cool.

Abstract: A muffle oven, particularly for cooking food products, comprising: a frame for supporting the muffle, an oven door that is hinged to the supporting frame, an abutment for the door, which is jointly connected to the supporting frame, an element for supporting the lock that retains the door in the closed configuration. The supporting element is adjacent to the abutment and associated with the supporting frame at rigid regions thereof. The supporting element supports the lock in a substantially fixed position, in a stable manner as the temperature of the oven varies, with respect to the corresponding location that the latch, associated with the door (14), occupies when the door (14) is closed onto the abutment.

Abstract: A gas burner assembly connected to a source of gas. The gas burner assembly has a burner body. The burner body has a generally enclosed chamber with a central axis and is configured with a generally circular wall. Ports are formed at the top of the wall and are in flow communication to an area external the burner body for combustion of the gas. A venturi directs the flow of gas from the source of gas into the chamber through an opening where the opening is offset from the central axis of the chamber. The burner body further has a stability chamber.

Abstract: A heating means for gas bottle, the heating means comprises a conduction heat shaft having a first end and a second end, with the first end adjacent to a heat source, a conduction heat plate including a plate body and a pivoting portion formed on the plate body and pivotally connected to the second end of the conduction heat shaft, and a connector provided with the conduction heat plate and coupling with the second end of the conduction heat shaft as to attach a gas bottle with the plate body of the conduction heat plate.

Abstract: A portable firewood stack is described, the firewood stack designed o be easily transportable and possessing all the elements necessary for a good fire. The firewood stack is composed of a pyramidal stack of wood logs, a base made of compressed paper, and a cone of starter material placed on the base placed directly under the stack of firewood A fire can be easily started by means of igniting the starter material and allowing the base and wood stack to catch fire because of the chimney effect of the wood stack. The entire package will be consumed, except for any staples or nails used to attach the pieces, leaving only ashes to be cleaned up.

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array wherein the elements are suspended with the center of mass below the swivel point, or have an internal-swivel. This achieves an advantageous natural vertical stability. The torque to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion is provided separately by an electric wind force due to electrons, ions, and/or neutrals; or in combination with an induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts such as in motors. The instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by a low-profile concentrator array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture.

Abstract: A solar tracking system and method are provided.

Abstract: A solar energy saving system composed of solar collectors, a custom built heat pump and a conventional gas heater, a centralized computer control system, a group of sensors, pumps and valves, and the mechanical and electrical connections, is disclosed herein along with the processes and methods for applying the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for converting solar energy, comprising a solar radiation capturing unit (11) comprising at least one lens having a entry surface (11a) for the incident solar radiation and an exit surf ace (11b) for emitting the solar radiation in refracted form to a solar radiation concentrating unit (12) comprising a reflector surface (12a) for reflecting the solar radiation incident on the reflector surface (12a) from the exit surface of the lens (11b) to at least one target area (13) of the solar radiation concentrating unit (12). The device (10) comprises positioning means (14) for orienting the solar radiation capturing unit (11) and the solar radiation concentrating unit (12) with respect to each other through rotation about at least one axis (11?) perpendicular to a plane formed by the lens.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for collecting and converting solar energy into electrical energy by using solar collectors with closed-cycle thermodynamic engines. The solar collectors are configured to collect solar energy and to distribute the collected solar energy in a pulsating manner directly into closed-cycle thermodynamic engines, piezoelectric generators, and the like. The pulsating manner means that the solar energy is allowed to enter into a particular engine or generator periodically, for a predetermined period of time, similar to turning a switch ON and OFF. The closed-cycle thermodynamic engines utilize a reciprocating piston to generate energy based on thermal expansion of a working fluid based on concentrated solar energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a respiratory gas includes a conveyor device for conveying the respiratory gas, a conduit for feeding the respiratory gas conveyed by the conveyor device to a person, and a humidification device for humidifying the respiratory gas. A sensor device is configured to generate a signal indicative of the respiratory gas humidity and a control device is configured to control the humidification device with regard to the signal which is generated by the sensor device. A method of supplying a respiratory gas to a patient, in which the respiratory gas is introduced by means of a conveyor device into the conduit leading to the patient and is humidified, includes operating the conveyor device so that a respiratory gas pressure which is above ambient pressure is provided in the conduit, and adjusting the humidity on the basis of signals indicative of the relative and/or absolute humidity of the respiratory gas generated by the sensor device.

Abstract: A nebulizer and a method of breathing using the nebulizer is described. The nebulizer and breathing techniques are capable of delivering medicament into the sinus cavity of a user.

Abstract: Discharge device for nasal application of medicaments. The invention relates to a discharge device (10) for nasal application of medicaments, with a main body (A) having a contact surface (10b) which, during use, is vertically oriented and is directed toward the face of the user, and with a nosepiece (70) which is arranged in a fixed position with respect to the main body (A) and is designed to be inserted into a nostril of the user, which nosepiece (70) is provided on an upper edge area of the contact surface (10b), protrudes from the contact surface (10b) and has a discharge opening (72). Use as a discharge device that counteracts incorrect use.

Abstract: A method of automatically controlling a respiration system for proportional assist ventilation with a control device and with a ventilator. An electrical signal is recorded by electromyography with electrodes on the chest in order to obtain a signal uemg(t) representing the breathing activity. The respiratory muscle pressure pmus(t) is determined by calculating it in the control unit from measured values for the airway pressure and the volume flow Flow(t) as well as the patient's lung mechanical parameters. The breathing activity signal uemg(t) is transformed by means of a preset transformation rule into a pressure signal pemg(uemg)(t)) such that the mean deviation of the resulting transformed pressure signal pemg(t) from the respiratory muscle pressure pmus(t) is minimized. The respiratory effort pressure ppat(t) is determined as a weighted mean according to ppat(t)=a·pmus(t)+(1?a)·pemg(t), where a is a parameter selected under the boundary condition 0?a?1.

Abstract: A breathing bag is disclosed. The breathing bag comprises a bag body enclosing an interior volume of the breathing bag. The bag body includes a distal end portion and a neck portion terminating in an open proximal end of the breathing bag. The breathing bag further comprises a bushing coupled to the neck portion. The breathing bag includes at least one indicia thereon. The at least one indicia has a color corresponding with a size of the breathing bag.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one exemplary embodiment, a ventilation system for providing gas under a first pressure to the nose of a user and second pressure to the mouth of a user is disclosed. A ventilation system can include a flow generator that can be connected to a gas supply tube. The gas supply tube can be in fluid communication with a ventilation interface. At least a portion of the gas supply tube can have a divider within the channel of the tube forming a nasal passageway and an oral passageway. A nasal breathing chamber and an oral breathing chamber can be defined in the ventilation interface. The nasal breathing chamber can be in fluid communication with the nasal passageway. The oral breathing chamber can be in fluid communication with the oral passageway.

Abstract: A medical device for insertion into a human body is provided. The medical device includes an inflation cuff composed of piezoelectric polymers. Upon inflation of the inflation cuff, the piezoelectric polymers of the inflation cuff exhibit an electrical potential. This electrical potential is measured and correlated to an inflation cuff pressure. The pressure of the inflation cuff is then adjusted, as necessary to prevent sustained underinflation or overinflation of the inflation cuff.