Abstract: The base-and-frame assembly for the wheeled luggage includes: a platform having a carriage surface for detachably carrying a separable bag thereon; and an extendable rod connected to the support tube in a self-standing manner and having a grip connected at an upper end, and being stopped by a stopper at an extended position. The platform is provided with a latitudinal reinforcement rib integrally formed below a planar carriage plate with its top face serving as the carriage surface. In a horizontal plane including such surface, the latitudinal reinforcement rib extends in a lateral direction orthogonal to the grip, protruding on a bottom face of the carriage plate. A reinforcement protrusion is integrally formed with the latitudinal reinforcement rib, protruding downwardly at an area below the support tube.

Abstract: In a clutch device wherein a plurality of clutch plates are relatively non-rotatably engaged with a clutch outer, a plurality of clutch disks disposed alternately with the clutch plates are relatively non-rotatably engaged with a clutch inner, and an end plate disposed so that the clutch plates and the clutch disks are disposed between itself and a piston slidably fitted in the clutch outer is relatively non-rotatably and axially movably supported on the clutch outer in the manner of being restricted in movement toward one end side in the axial direction, to prevent the clutch inner from coming out of position at the time of assembling the clutch device into position, thereby to enhance workability in the assembling operation, and to prevent the clutch inner from generating a collision sound by colliding against other member than the component members of the clutch device when the clutch is disengaged.

Abstract: A spring-type fastener driving tool includes a plunger having a blade that drives in fasteners, a spring that urges the plunger downwards and is capable of being compressed upwards, a spring compression mechanism unit that includes a drum that causes the plunger to move in a compression direction of the spring based on rotational force of a motor, a reduction mechanism unit, and a one-way clutch than prohibits reverse rotation of the motor. Reverse rotation of the drum due to the urging force of the spring is prevented by providing the one-way clutch between an input side rotating shaft of the reduction mechanism unit and a rotation output shaft of the motor.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for a clutch has a pump conveying a hydraulic fluid stream via a heat exchanger to a controllable hydraulic valve which divides the hydraulic fluid stream into a first part stream and a second part stream. The first part stream flows to a reservoir via friction linings of the clutch and the second part stream flows to the reservoir via a hydraulic path bypassing the friction linings. The hydraulic system is set up for upgrading a cooling of the clutch by increasing the first part stream at the expense of the second part stream and for reducing the cooling of the clutch by increasing the second part stream. The system is set up for temporarily upgrading the cooling of the clutch in the event of a changeover of torque transfer from transfer via a first part transmission to transfer via a second part transmission of the transmission.

Abstract: An annular frictional engaging piston includes an annular pressure apply portion which pushes a frictional engagement element in an axial direction against urging force of a return spring that urges in a direction opposite the frictional engagement element, and which has a cutout portion where a portion in the circumferential direction has been removed to avoid interference between the piston and another member. A partially removed region is provided, and a mounting hole for mounting the return spring on the piston is provided in a region other than the partially removed region.

Abstract: Parking brake actuator is an overrunning single directional clutch which provides for infinite locking positions.

Abstract: A coin drop mechanism comprises a support member movably connected to a channel member. A contoured channel configured to receive at least one coin is formed on at least one of the members and defines a coin slot when the members are in contact with each other. The channel is configured to guide the at least one coin to a desired location aligned with an actuator opening on the members. The mechanism further comprises an actuator. The actuator comprises a actuation member configured to travel through the actuator opening, engage the at least one coin against a surface of the channel member, and displace the channel member relative to the support member causing a selected product to be dispensed from a product receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for facilitating the harvesting of crops growing on a substrate, comprising:—a vehicle which is adapted to travel relative to the substrate, such as being adapted to travel over edges of a holder of the substrate, —a harvesting conveyor which can be placed on the vehicle in a manner such that the harvesting conveyor can be brought substantially within reach of practically all crops on the substrate, —crop receiving members which are arranged in the harvesting conveyor and which are suitable for simple manual placing of the crops therein, wherein the conveyor serves to discharge the crops from a location within reach of the harvesting location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine for the thermal treatment of threads, which comprises a positioning means (8) and a position control means (9) acting on a very short area in the immediate proximity of each sealing head, where said positioning means (8) consists of an axle (10) for pivoting the frame or moving body holder (3), which is connected directly to said frame or moving body holder (3), and of an actuator (11) for pivoting the frame or moving body holder (3) acting on said frame or moving body holder (3) through the intermediary of a rod linkage (12), which is mounted between the edge of the frame or moving body holder (3) and said actuator (11). Machine characterized in that the device for positioning the conveyor belt (2) during its advance in the pressurized enclosure (1) is provided, on the side over which the sensor extends, namely below or above the conveyor belt (2), with a means for holding the conveyor belt (2) at a height separation with respect to the position control means (9).

Abstract: A filling system 1 is composed of a supply conveyor 2, an infeed screw 3, a supply star wheel for a rinser 4, a rinser 5, a discharge star wheel for a rinser 6, an intermediate star wheel 7, a supply star wheel for a filler 8, a filler 9, a delivery star wheel for a filler/capper 10, a capper 11, a discharge star wheel for a capper 12, and a discharge conveyor 13, each having a revolving body such as a star wheel. For example, in case an abnormality occurs in the filler 9, a control unit 14 activates a third brake B3, which stops the star wheel of the filler 9 forcibly, while controlling first, second, fourth and fifth servomotors M1, M2, M4 and M5, thereby stopping the star wheel or the like of a unit where the abnormality has not occurred at stopping time of the star wheel of the filler. Even in the event of the abnormality in any unit, each unit is stopped nearly simultaneously, so that the filling system can prevent damage and the like to the unit.

Abstract: An article transporting apparatus, according to one preferred embodiment, includes: a plurality of movable bodies for transporting articles, the movable bodies being movable between a plurality of article transfer locations; and an operation controlling section for controlling the plurality of movable bodies so that the movable bodies effect article transporting operations in accordance with an article transport request information; wherein the operation controlling section selects a movable body from the group of movable bodies for an article transporting operation, based on an operation condition configured to cause each of the movable bodies to have a different past operation history such that a timing for replacing a replaceable part for one movable body is different from replacement timings for other movable bodies.

Abstract: A conveying mechanism (20) includes a main rotating member (22), a subsidiary rotating member (23) and a transport belt (24). The subsidiary rotating member includes a first driven axle (231) and a second driven axle (232) both driven by the main rotating member, a diameter of the first driven axle is less than that of the second driven axle and the main rotating member. The transport belt is wrapped around the main rotating member and the subsidiary rotating member, and driven to move by the main rotating member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transport device, especially for transporting flat substrates through a coating installation. Said transport device comprises a plurality of transport rolls (4) disposed at an angle to the direction of transport (2) and received on both sides in a rotational manner. The upper surface lines of the transport rolls (4) define the plane of transport (3) and at least a part of the transport rolls (4) can be driven. The invention is characterized in that at least a plurality of backup rolls (5) is disposed at an angle to the direction of transport (2) and are received on both sides in a rotational manner in a parallel plane (6) which lies below the plane of transport (3). In an embodiment of the invention, at least one bridging roll (8) is provided. Said bridging roll lies in parallel on the two backup rolls (5) and has a diameter selected in such a manner that the upper surface line of the roll lies in the plane of transport (3).

Abstract: A roller device mountable rotatably on a spindle includes a roller body having a tubular wall with two opposite open-end portions. Each open-end portion is provided with a retaining member formed on an inner peripheral surface of the tubular wall. Two covers are inserted respectively into the open-end portions of the tubular wall, and are adapted to be sleeved rotatably around the spindle. Each cover has an annular end wall transverse to the corresponding open-end portion, a surrounding wall extending inwardly and axially from an outer periphery of the end wall and abutting against the inner peripheral surface of the tubular wall, and an engaging member formed on an outer peripheral surface of the surrounding wall and interlocking the retaining member. The retaining and engaging members have recess-and-protrusion interlocking surfaces.

Abstract: A conveyor chain with a side roller, in which both assembly of and replacement of the bearing and seal members in the side roller of the conveyor chain are facilitated, and the seal performance is improved so that a long life of the seal member is realized. The chain has a sleeve 180 is inserted between a projecting side roller shaft 188 and inner rings of anti-friction bearings 172 and 174, and a grease pocket is provided between an inner seal member 176 provided on a chain side adjacent to the bearing and an outer seal member 182 spaced from the inner seal member.

Abstract: A multi-function selecting mechanism is provided. The multi-function selecting mechanism comprises a toggling feature and a selection mechanism coupled with said toggling feature. The selection mechanism is configured to move about the toggling feature to a first position or move toward the toggling feature to a second position, wherein a first function is initiated when the selection mechanism is in the first position and a second function is initiated when the selection mechanism is in the second position.

Abstract: A switch device, includes a device main body incorporating a fixed pressure contact portion and includes a fixed sliding contact portion that forms a circuit together with the fixed pressure contact portion, and at least one pair of switches supported on the device main body, each switch comprising an operating knob. One switch of the at least one pair of switches includes a pressure-operated switch includes a movable pressure contact portion corresponding to the fixed pressure contact portion, and another switch includes a slide-operated switch includes a movable sliding contact portion corresponding to the fixed sliding contact portion.

Abstract: A rubber key device is provide with a key top member, multiple rubber keys, a click feel generating mechanism and a load transmitting mechanism. When a depression area of the key top member is depressed by a user, the key top member is rotated to depress a top face of a rubber key via the load transmitting mechanism. The load transmitting mechanism transmits the load caused by the depression of the depression area to the top face of the corresponding rubber key such that the load is transmitted to only a substantially central portion of the top face of the corresponding one of the multiple rubber keys regardless of the depression amount of the depression area.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to scrubbing of flue gases to remove sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter resulting from burning of high-sulfur fuels, and more specifically provides improvements in electron beam design and the use thereof in a wide variety of flue gas scrubbing applications including power plants installed on water borne vessels and positioned adjacent to bodies of water permitting the discharge of environmental-friendly wet-discharge stream. In a preferred embodiment, the electron beam chamber is used in tandem with a wet by product collector apparatus. In a preferred embodiment, the electron beam generator's electron gun has a beryllium anode foil that is used in conjunction with a sacrificial foil arrangement. The sacrificial foil arrangement separates the flue gas and any corrosive by-products that are produced by the process from the anode foil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water photolysis system comprising: a casing 1 into which incident sunlight L can enter from the outside and a photolytic layer 5 which is disposed inside the casing 1; wherein the photolytic layer 5 has a light-transmissive porous material 51 and photocatalyst particles 52 supported thereon; a water layer 4 containing water in its liquid state is disposed below the photolytic layer 5 with a first space 6 disposed between the water layer and the photolytic layer; a sealed second space 7 is formed above the photolytic layer 5 in the casing 1; vapor generated from the water layer 4 is introduced into the photolytic layer 5 via the first space 6; and the vapor is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by the photocatalyst particles 52, which are excited by the sunlight L.

Abstract: There are provided a bio-sensor including nanochannel-integrated 3-dimensional metallic nanowire gap electrodes, a manufacturing method thereof, and a bio-disk system comprising the bio-sensor. The bio-sensor includes an upper substrate block having a plurality of metallic nanowires formed on a lower surface thereof and including an injection port through which a biomaterial-containing sample is injected; a lower substrate block having a plurality of metallic nanowires formed on an upper surface thereof; and a supporting unit supporting the upper and lower substrate blocks so that the upper and lower substrate blocks can be disposed spaced apart at a predetermined distance to form a nanochannel, wherein the metallic nanowires formed on the upper and lower substrate blocks are combined to form 3-dimensional metallic nanowire gap electrodes.

Abstract: Sputtering targets and sputtering methods for depositing a film that includes tin and niobium. Substrates bearing coatings comprising tin and niobium, for example, low-emissivity coatings including blocker films comprising tin and niobium, or solar control coatings (e.g., conductive oxide coatings) including tin and niobium methods of manufacturing sputtering targets comprising tin and niobium.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use with a micromirror element includes a micromirror a micromirror having a substantially flat outer surface disposed outwardly from a support structure that is operable to at least partially support the micromirror. The support structure includes at least one layer overlying at least two discrete planes that are both substantially parallel to the outer surface of the micromirror. In one particular embodiment, the support structure includes annular-shaped sidewalls that encapsulate a photoresist plug.

Abstract: A sacrificial metal anode device incorporating a resistor assembly into the construction of the sacrificial anode is insertable into a metal water storage tank. The metal water storage tank designed to contain heated water is thereby protected from corrosion by the sacrificial metal anode. The sacrificial metal anode device comprising an elongated metal anode member with a metal wire core, an insulating sleeve secured over the elongated metal anode member wherein said insulating sleeve has an external wall with threads to fixedly secure a metal cap. The metal cap having threads on an internal wall to fixedly secure the insulating sleeve further including a cylindrical receptacle for receipt of an end of the elongated metal anode member and an electrical resistor assembly.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system for chlorinating water by electrolysis and/or light projection for pool operating with mechanical energy of the delivery nozzle. The invention concerns a system for chlorinating water by electrolysis and illumination of pools provided with a water circulating system. The system is easily set on the entire pool without affecting its sealed character and uses a free and safe source of energy, the motive power of the water from the delivery nozzle, the device consisting of a hollow single-unit assembly (1), connected to the delivery nozzle, allowing the water flow to circulate in controlled manner actuating a device with rotational movement (8) connected to a current generator (9) which powers, with variable intensity, alternately or jointly, the sealed light projector (11) and/or the electrolytic cell (12) before exiting into the pool. The inventive device is particularly designed to illuminate and/or chlorinate water of swimming pools.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal article according to one embodiment may include: Providing a supply of a sodium/molybdenum composite metal powder; compacting the sodium/molybdenum composite metal powder under sufficient pressure to form a preformed article; placing the preformed article in a sealed container; raising the temperature of the sealed container to a temperature that is lower than a sintering temperature of molybdenum; and subjecting the sealed container to an isostatic pressure for a time sufficient to increase the density of the article to at least about 90% of theoretical density.

Abstract: A new sputter source is disclosed that allows for high rates of deposition at pressures one or two orders of magnitude lower than has previously been obtained. This results in denser films with reduced ion and electron damage to the substrate.

Abstract: Biosensor by means of which biological fluids are analysed, comprising at least the following layers: a functional layer A1 which constitutes the base layer of the biosensor, a functional layer A3 which is composed of a polymer film which has at least partially a hydrophilic coating, a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape A2 which joins the functional layers A1 and A3 to one another and in which a measuring channel is provided whose lid is formed by the functional layer A3 and whose base is formed by the functional layer A1, characterized in that the polymer film of the functional layer A3 has on its inside, which forms a wall of the measuring channel formed by the functional layer A2, at least one venting notch which is disposed above the measuring channel in such a way that the venting notch vents the measuring channel.

Abstract: A biosensor includes a working electrode 101, a counter electrode 102 opposing the working electrode 101, a working electrode terminal 103 and a working electrode reference terminal 10 connected to the working electrode 101 by wires, and a counter electrode terminal 104 connected to the counter electrode 102 by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the direct synthesis of double stranded DNA molecules of a variety of sizes and with any desired sequence. The DNA molecule to be synthesis is logically broken up into smaller overlapping DNA segments. A maskless microarray synthesizer is used to make a DNA microarray on a substrate in which each element or feature of the array is populated by DNA of a one of the overlapping DNA segments. The complement of each segment is also made in the microarray. The DNA segments are released from the substrate and held under conditions favoring hybridization of DNA, under which conditions the segments will hybridize to form duplexes. The duplexes are then separated using a DNA binding agent which hinds to improperly formed DNA helixes to remove errors form the set of DNA molecules. The segments can then be hybridized to each other to assemble the larger target DNA sequence.

Abstract: A fluidic device includes a porous substrate, a wetting region extending through a first portion of the porous substrate from a first side of the substrate, in which the wetting region is permeable to fluid transport, and a non-wetting region extending through a second portion of the porous substrate from a second side of the substrate, in which the non-wetting region is operable to switch between a first state impermeable to fluid transport and a second state permeable to fluid transport.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus employing the laminar nature of fluid flows in microfluidic flow devices in separating, sorting or filtering colloidal and/or cellular particles from a suspension in a microfluidic flow device is disclosed. The microfluidic flow device provides for separating a particle within a suspension flow in a microfluidic flow chamber. The chamber includes a microfluidic channel comprising at least one inlet port for receiving a suspension flow under laminar conditions, a first outlet port and a second outlet port. The chamber further includes an interface for translating a particle within the channel. The first outlet port receives a first portion of the suspension exiting the said channel and the second outlet port receives the particle in a second portion of the suspension exiting the channel.

Abstract: The invention provides a data base of LDL, I, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIb, IVa, IVb and HDL2a, HDL2b, HDL 3a, HDL 3b and HDL 3c together with patient data such as HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A, ApoB, Lp(a) and patient personal data useful for treatment, diagnosing, and monitoring cardiovascular disease. The data base contains the LDL and HDL subfraction data in quantitative mg/dl values and permits deriving relationship amongst the LDL and HDL values and cardiovascular disease. Quantitative data permits more effective treatment and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. For example, quantitative differences in LDL and HDL subclass levels can determine the need for more or less aggressive treatment. The data base which includes patient events, procedures, interventions which is correlated to LDL and HDl quantitative subclass data permits development of personalized patient treatment plans and monitoring the effectiveness of such treatment.

Abstract: A drag through electro-deposition system and a method of performing a drag through electro-deposition process on a vehicle body is disclosed. The system may include pairs of anodes, with each pair having a corresponding anode pair power supply. As a vehicle body is carried through the electro-deposition tank, the electric power to each pair is individually adjusted relative to the vehicle body position in the tank.

Abstract: Electrolytic eluent recycle systems for ion chromatography using a multi-channel electrolytic ion exchange device which integrates suppression, eluent generation, and eluent recycle. The systems recycle the eluent into the analytical system without passing the eluent through the electrode chambers. Also, such systems with a channel for electrolytic removal of ions from the suppression effluent before recycle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electrochemically modifying the retention of a species on a chromatography material is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an effluent flow channel adapted to permit fluid flow therethrough. The effluent flow channel comprises chromatography material. The apparatus further comprises first and second electrodes positioned such that at least a portion of the chromatography material is disposed between the first and second electrodes, and fluid flow through the apparatus is between, and in contact with, the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Among other things, a force is applied, at a first location in a medium and at a first time, to cause an object to move in a direction along the medium. At a later, second time, a force is applied at a second location, which is farther along the direction in which the object is moving, to cause the object to move an additional distance in the medium, when the force is no longer being applied at the first location. Both the distance traveled by the object and how long the object is subject to the force depend on a property of the object. At least one of the times and locations of applying the force is selected based on the property of the object.

Abstract: The invention is a method of phase separation in liquid mixtures comprising two or more components. The method comprises the steps of inserting the liquid mixture between suitably shaped and positioned electrodes and applying a voltage to the electrodes in order to produce a non-uniform electric field between the electrodes. The phase separation takes place with essentially all electrode geometries and the phase separation is reversible. The method is characterized in that the liquid mixture must contain dissociated positive or negative ions. In this case the phase separation takes place when the applied voltage is a few volts or less and when the temperature is many degrees above the binodal (coexistence) temperature Tc. The invention has many practical applications including: electrical field controlled lubrication, influencing the kinetics and spatial dependence of chemical reactions in liquid environments, controlling the propagation of light, and controlling the opacity of a window.

Abstract: There are disclosed an especially inexpensive and compact ion removal device capable of removing ions of scales generated from for-treatment water, a surfactant and the like, and a method for using the device. In an ion removal device S of the present invention, at least a pair of electrodes (a first electrode 6 and a second electrode 7) immersed into for-treatment water are integrated with an surfactant collection material 9 and a scale collection material 8 as ion collection materials. Then, these ion collection materials (the surfactant collection material 9 and the scale collection material 8) are arranged between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing at least two workpieces by means of electrochemical treatment. During the method, the workpieces are provided as working electrodes in an electrolytic treatment solution inside of which a counter-electrode arrangement is assigned to each workpiece. One workpiece and the assigned counter-electrode arrangement form an electrolytic processing element. The electrolytic processing elements are connected in series.

Abstract: Methods for depositing a metal or metal alloy on a substrate and articles made with the methods are described. The metal or metal alloy is deposited on the substrate electrolytically. The current is periodically interrupted during deposition to improve throwing power and reduce nodule formation on the metal or metal alloy deposit.

Abstract: A process for electrodepositing at least one ferromagnetic material into a three dimensional pattern within a substrate is provided. The process comprises providing a substrate material, dielectric or conductor, having a three dimensional recessed pattern in at least one outer surface thereof, dielectric substrate materials also having an electrical conductive seed layer at least within the three dimensional pattern. An electrolytic bath is prepared comprising at least one ferromagnetic material and at least one accelerating, inhibiting, or depolarizing additive. The at least one ferromagnetic material comprises at least one metal cation selected from the group consisting of Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and combinations thereof. The substrate is placed into the electrolytic bath and the electrolytic bath contacts the conducting three dimensional pattern in the substrate or the conducting seed layer within the pattern on a dielectric substrate. A counter electrode is placed into the electrolytic bath.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a wiring board includes a sticking layer forming step; a resist film forming step of forming a resist film on an upper surface of the sticking layer, the resist film having an opening exposing the upper surface of the sticking layer; a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer, so as to cover an upper surface of the resist film and cover a side surface of the resist film and the upper surface of the sticking layer forming the opening for forming the wiring; a plating film forming step of filling with a plating film the opening for forming the wiring; a metal layer and plating film removing step; a resist film removing step; and a sticking layer removing step of removing the sticking layer of an unnecessary part not covered with the metal layer, after the resist film removing step.

Abstract: Electrolytes for white bronzes are disclosed as well as methods of depositing the white bronzes. The electrolytes for depositing the white bronzes are cyanide free and provide a uniform white color.

Abstract: Indium (In) electroplating solutions which are used to deposit compositionally pure, uniform, substantially defect free and smooth In films with near 100% plating efficiency and repeatability. In one embodiment the plating solution includes an In source, citric acid and its conjugate pair salt and a solvent. At a pH value of below 4.0, sub-micron thick In layers with close to 100% purity at close to 100% plating efficiency are produced. Such In layers are used in fabrication of electronic devices such as thin film solar cells.

Abstract: Described is a hydroxyl gas generation system for generating a hydroxyl gas by way of electrolysis, for limiting the corrosion of electrodes used in the electrolysis, and for making the hydroxyl gas available to be drawn into the air intake of a combustion engine. The hydroxyl gas generation system generates an electrolytic reaction by passing an electrical current between the electrodes by way of an electrolytic solution, the electrolytic reaction generating the hydroxyl gas. To limit the corrosion of the electrodes, the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes is periodically alternated. Additionally, the electrodes are constructed of or plated with platinum, a material that is substantially impermeable to the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable iodate-exchanged hydrotalcite with zero effluent discharge. The iodate-exchanged hydrotalcite produced is useful as iodizing agent. The invention further relates to utilization of alkaline effluent generated in the process of ion exchange of iodate into SHT so as to fully recycle the residual iodate anion and also utilize the alkali generated in the process for production of additional quantities of iodate through reaction with iodine crystals followed by electrochemical oxidation to obtain pure aqueous solution of iodate salt which can be reused for preparation of the stable iodizing agent. The process gives zero effluent discharge hence economical.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for preparing, maintaining, and stabilizing sensors. The apparatus and methods for preparing sensors for use are utilized in advance of the sensor being removed from a sealed, sterilized package. The apparatus include packaging materials having electrical circuits capable of stabilizing a sensor to prepare the sensor for use. The methods for preparing a sensor for use includes methods of providing a solution to a sterilized packaging that contains a sensor connected to a sensor activating circuit, activating the circuit, and allowing the sensor to stabilize. These methods can be performed without compromising the packaging. The apparatus for stabilizing a sensor that is in use include a circuit connectable to the sensor that provides a signal to the sensor that prevents the sensor from becoming destabilized when disconnected from a monitoring device.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the amount of cholesterol in lipoproteins other than high density lipoproteins in a lipoprotein-containing sample, said method comprising (a) electrochemically determining the amount of cholesterol bound to high density lipoproteins in the sample, (b) electrochemically determining the total amount of cholesterol in the sample, and subtracting the result of (a) from the result of (b).

Abstract: A NOx sensor includes a sensor element equipped with first and second pumping cells to define first and second measurement chambers. The first pumping cell exerts an oxygen pumping action against the first measurement chamber to adjust the oxygen concentration in the gas under measurement within the first measurement chamber to a given level. The second pumping cell exerts an oxygen pumping action against the second measurement chamber to produce a pumping cell current according to the NOx concentration in the gas under measurement. When the moisture content of the gas under measurement changes from 2 vol % to 8 vol %, the NOx sensor allows a variation of NOx concentration detection value based on the pumping cell current in such a manner that the NOx concentration detection value reaches a transient peak value of 20 ppm or smaller and converges to ±5 ppm of a reference value within 5 seconds.