Abstract: An integrated circuit and a method for transferring data is provided. One embodiment provides a method for transferring data in an integrated circuit. The method includes driving a first line in accordance with data to be transferred. The data is transmitted from the first line to a second line based on a capacitive coupling.

Abstract: A page buffer circuit of a memory device including a plurality of Multi-Level Cells (MLCs) connected to at least a pair of bit lines includes a Most Significant Bit (MSB) latch, a Least Significant Bit (LSB) latch, a data I/O circuit, an inverted output circuit, a MSB verification circuit, and a LSB verification circuit. The MSB latch is configured to sense a voltage of a sensing node in response to a control signal and store an upper sensing data, and output an inverted upper sensing data, or store an input data and output an inverted input data. The LSB latch is configured to sense a voltage of the sensing node in response to the control signal, and store and output a lower sensing data, or store and output an input data received through the MSB latch. The data I/O circuit is connected to the MSB latch and a data I/O line, and is configured to perform the input and output of a sensing data or the input and output of a program data.

Abstract: A block decoding circuit of a semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of block decoders, a plurality of repair address check circuits, a dummy repair address check circuit and a block selection signal generation circuit. The plurality of block decoders are configured to decode a received block selection address. The plurality of repair address check circuits are configured to generate second output signals based on whether a received block selection address and word line selection address are repair addresses. The dummy repair address check circuit is configured to generate a control signal in response to the block selection address and the word line selection address. The block selection signal generation circuit is configured to generate block selection signals based on the first output signals from the plurality of block decoders, the control signal from the dummy repair address circuit, and the second output signals from the repair address check circuits.

Abstract: The fuse circuit includes a first program unit, a second program unit and a sensing circuit. The first and second program units are programmed simultaneously. The first program unit is programmed in a program mode in response to a fuse program signal and outputs a first signal in a sensing mode, such that the first signal increases when the first program unit is programmed. The second program unit is programmed in the program mode in response to the program signal and outputs a second signal in the sensing mode, such that the second signal decreases when the second program unit is programmed. The sensing circuit generates a sensing output signal in response to the first and second signals, such that the sensing output signal indicates whether or not the program units are programmed.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device includes: a plurality of I/O terminals configured in a block, and including a representative I/O terminal and a non-representative I/O terminal; a plurality of memory cells each associated with the plurality of I/O terminals to store data; a data input portion to which data to be stored in the plurality of memory cells is input; and a data output portion which outputs data stored in the plurality of memory cells, the data input portion including a branch circuit which distributes the data input to the representative I/O terminal to all of the plurality of memory cells when the data to be stored in the plurality of memory cells is input while in test mode, and the data output portion including: a selection circuit which is connected to the representative I/O terminal, and which selects one of the data output from the plurality of memory cells and outputs the selected data from the representative I/O terminal when the data stored in the plurality of memory cells is output while in

Abstract: When an operational mode is shifted to a standby mode, a first transistor is brought into a conduction state by a control signal, and a word line is thereby clamped to a ground voltage. Further, a second transistor is brought into a non-conduction state, and supply of an internal power supply voltage to a word line driver is shut off. Subsequently, the supply of the internal power supply voltage is halted for saving electrical power. When the operational mode returns to a normal mode, the supply of the internal power supply voltage is started, and subsequently, the first transistor is brought into the non-conduction state by the control signal, and the second transistor is thereby brought into the conduction state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus that provide an additional level(s) of hierarchy within a bank of a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) are provided. The bank has a plurality of separately addressable sub-banks.

Abstract: A memory system includes Q memory blocks that each include M memory sub-blocks. The memory system also includes Q word line decoders that each are associated with a different one of the Q memory blocks. The memory system also includes a bit line decoder and Q×M switch modules. Each Q×M switch module selectively controls access to up to J of the M memory sub-blocks of the Q memory blocks. The Q word line decoders and the bit line decoder access less than M memory sub-blocks in at least two of the Q memory blocks during one of a read and write operation.

Abstract: A design structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process includes random access memory device having an array of individual memory cells arranged into rows and columns, each memory cell having an access device associated therewith. Each row of the array further includes a plurality of N word lines associated therewith, with a wherein N corresponds to a number of independently accessible partitions of the array, wherein each access device in a given row is coupled to only one of the N word lines of the row. Logic in signal communication with the array receives a plurality of row address bits and determine, for a requested row identified by the row address bits, which of the N partitions within the requested row are to be accessed, such that access devices within a selected row, but not within a partition to be accessed, are not activated.

Abstract: Containing device for containing and correctly holding closed container (11) for fluid products inside a mixing machine (12) for said fluid products. The containing device comprises a container element (13) provided with at least a lateral wall (14) that define a compartment (24), which is open and accessible from above, has a longitudinal axis (X) in the center and in which the container (11) is able to be disposed with play. Radial pressure elements (15) are disposed on substantially opposite sides with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) and are moveable in synchrony in order to selectively clamp the container (11) in a central position inside the compartment (24).

Abstract: One or more acoustic transducers are used to measure ultrasonic velocities in the mud in the interior channel of a drill collar. Corrections may be applied for temperature and/or fine grain drill cuttings to get the ultrasonic velocity in the annulus between the drill collar and the borehole wall. The latter velocity may be used for caliper measurements and for correcting measurements made by formation evaluation sensors.

Abstract: Ultrasound sensor (2), in particular motor vehicle ultrasound sensor, having a housing (4), having a diaphragm (6) which is mounted in or on a section (12) of the housing (4), and having a decoupling element (10) which extends at least partially between the diaphragm (6) and the housing section (12), wherein the decoupling element (10) and the housing section (12) have latching means (14) by means of which the decoupling element (10) and the housing section (12) are connected to one another.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of an underwater device includes placement of a plurality of station keeping devices on or below the surface of the water in known positions. A device to locate is provided for placement below the surface of the water, and the device to locate and the station keeping devices are provided with a synchronized time base and a common acoustic pulse time schedule. Each station keeping device sends an acoustic pulse at a time according to the common acoustic pulse schedule. The device to locate receives pulses sent by the station keeping devices and calculates a distance between itself and each station keeping device based upon the time that the acoustic pulse is sent and the time that the pulse is received. The device to locate then calculates its position based upon the distances between the device to locate and the station keeping devices. Systems and devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: An appointment system for synchronizing disparate electronic calendars of a plurality of remote electronic devices is disclosed. The system includes a primary electronic calendar having a memory for storing information from the remote electronic devices. A processing means processes the information received from remote electronic devices that are connected to an electronic network. The primary electronic calendar utilizes a remote device access means to access each remote electronic device. The primary electronic calendar reads from and writes to each remote electronic calendar through one of the at least one remote device translation means thereby synchronizing the electronic calendar of each remote electronic device with the primary electronic calendar. Appointments, events and reminder maintained on any one of the electronic devices are displayed on all the remote electronic devices associated with the electronic network.

Abstract: A portable device comprising a modular movement is disclosed. The modular movement has a body housing a plurality of layers that include a top layer of glass, and a movement subassembly for displaying information, including time, wherein the modular movement includes all parts necessary for power and operation, including the displaying of the information, such that the modular movement is fully functional standalone. The portable device further includes a case, which includes a receptacle for removably receiving the modular movement without need for a tool, such that the modular movement is user-interchangeable with another case of another portable device.

Abstract: The center wheel and pinion has a center shaft provided with a center pinion that is formed from a crystalline metal, and a center tooth part composed of a metallic glass alloy that is integrally formed with the center shaft. The center shaft has a center pinion and other external peripheral regions that are formed by cutting the external periphery of a cylindrical member provided with a support hole. The external periphery of the coupling part to which the center tooth part is coupled is formed in a quadrangular shape. The center tooth part composed of a metallic glass alloy has a tooth continuously formed at the disc-shaped external periphery, and a center position that is integrally formed surrounding the entire external periphery of the quadrangular-shaped coupling part of the center shaft.

Abstract: Method for buffering audio data in optical recording media, and apparatus using such method for reading from and/or writing to optical recording media in case of an error condition (e.g. upon shock or vibration). It comprises the steps of, as audio data is read from a position on the medium prior to a position corresponding to a verified write position in the memory and in case writing to the memory is inhibited; counting the number of samples read; searching for two subsequent markers distant of one frame (to take into account the case where a marker could be corrupted); determining the remaining distance to the verified write position based on the sample count; restarting writing the audio data to the memory when the data read from the medium corresponds to the verified write position.

Abstract: Provided is an optical recording head in which a light beam from a light source is collected by an optical element and reflected on a reflecting surface to be formed into a spot light. Since a support portion for supporting the light source of the optical element at a predetermined position and the reflection surface for reflecting the light beam are formed integrally with each other, it is not required to perform the positioning thereof, and light can be collected to a very small spot with high efficiency, and an optical recording head and an optical recording apparatus having low heights can be provided.

Abstract: A system according to one embodiment comprises a slider having a first light channel and a second light channel, the first and second light channels having axes oriented at an angle relative to each other, the angle being less than 180 degrees; and a reflection portion adjacent an exit of the first light channel and an entrance to the second light channel, the reflection portion having an index of refraction that is different than an index of refraction of the first light channel, such that light from the first light channel is reflected into the second light channel. Additional systems and methods are provided.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure measuring apparatus allows a transmitter to transmit an acoustic wave for measurement of the atmospheric pressure. Air propagates the acoustic wave. A receiver receives the acoustic wave. Since the intensity of the acoustic wave changes to follow the variation of the atmospheric pressure, the atmospheric pressure can be measured based on the intensity of the acoustic wave received at the receiver. The atmospheric pressure is in this manner measured with such a simplified structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improve precision of tracking correction and focus correction while assuring stability of the tracking correction and focus correction during recording/reproducing of data to/from an optical disk. Before start of recording/reproduction, an optical disk DK is searched once. On the basis of a radial acceleration component in a tracking error signal Ste, an area where a mechanical distortion occurs in the optical disk DK is specified. At the time of actually recording/reproducing data to/from the optical disk DK, the gain in a tracking servo circuit TS is temporarily improved only at the time of recording/reproducing data to/from the area specified as an area where a mechanical distortion or the like occurs. Also, even in the case where the gain is varied by performing optimum phase compensation on the gain set by using an optimum phase compensation by-gain circuit 23, reliable phase compensation is realized.

Abstract: A system and method for printing a visible image onto an optical disc through tuning a driving signal of an optical pick-up unit are disclosed. The system includes a driving circuit, coupled to the optical pick-up unit, for providing a driving signal to drive the optical pick-up unit; and an adjusting circuit, coupled to the driving circuit, for controlling the driving circuit to adjust the driving signal according to a rotation source signal corresponding to a rotation of the optical disc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method used in an optical disk drive for improving focus accuracy of an optical pickup head. Firstly, during each one revolution of the optical disk, RFinitial, RFfirst and RFsecond are calculated respectively when the optical disk drive are driven by FOOinitial?, FOOfirst and FOOsecond respectively. Then, an optimal FOO signal is acquired according to the comparison of RFinitial, RFfirst and RFsecond.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus for an optical disc with a first type region and a second type region includes a processing module and a determining unit. The processing module is used for transforming an input signal to generate a first output signal according to a first amplifying gain, or to amplify the input signal to generate a second output signal according to a second amplifying gain, wherein the input signal is derived from an optical pickup head. The determining unit is coupled to the processing module and arranged to control the processing module to output the first output signal when the input signal is derived from the first type region. Also, the determining unit outputs the second output signal when the input signal is derived from the second type region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a reproduction unit of a recording medium in which in a field where a pattern signal repeated by a fixed frequency is recorded, reproduction data is recorded so that an integral multiple of a minimum unit of a pattern thereof is a one-byte unit, the reproduction unit includes a detection section for defecting a minimum unit pattern from the pattern signal, a synchronization code determination section for determining a synchronization code following the pattern signal and predicting head timing of data following the synchronization code, a pattern forming section for forming an integral number of phase pattern signals from the minimum unit pattern detected by the detection section, and timing coincidence determination section for determining whether each of the integral number of phase pattern signals coincides with the head timing of the data predicted by the synchronization code determination section.

Abstract: A write-once recording medium structure and an apparatus and method for recording final management information on the recording medium, are provided. The recording medium includes a temporary defect management area (TDMA) and a defect management area (DMA). The method includes transferring information recorded in the TDMA to the DMA of the recording medium and recording the transferred information in the DMA as final management information. The final management information includes at least one defect list and either space bit map information or sequential recording range information. The position information on one or all valid defect lists is recorded in the DMA.

Abstract: In a recording disc, a straight groove (31) and a position determining pit (33) are formed in an inner circumference area (21), and a straight groove (34) and an over-run preventing pit (36) are formed in an outer circumference area (22), and only a straight groove (37) is formed over the entire middle area (23).

Abstract: A method of detecting a bad servo track of an HDD includes measuring servo AGC of each of servo sectors of a servo track requiring determination of badness, calculating statistic data with respect to the measured servo AGC of each servo sector, and determining whether the servo track is bad based on the calculated statistic data. Since the badness of a servo track is determined based on the statistic data of the servo AGC, a bad servo track generated due to a change in the overall magnitude of a servo signal is easily detected so that reliability in the detection of a detective servo track can be improved.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, in one embodiment of the invention, a laser drive circuit is provided with a first current source, a second drive current source, and a third current source. The control section selectively obtains a plurality of laser light use mode of controlling the from first to third current sources to use pulse laser light accompanying relaxation oscillation, and a complex laser light use mode of using laser light where laser pulses are combined, whose starting end has an abrupt impulse change portion caused by relaxation oscillation and whose intermediate section is a flat portion with a fixed intensity.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed to locate a group of units of digital information in a volume, optical-storage disk. The apparatus includes a first optical recording layer, a second optical recording layer, and an optical disk reading sled. The first optical recording layer stores a first group of units of digital information in a distinct region of the optical disk. The second optical recording layer stores a first locator for the first group of units of digital information in substantially the same distinct region of the optical disk. A first laser in the optical disk reading sled reads the first locator stored in the second optical recording layer, which indicates the contents of the units of digital information stored in the first optical recording layer being read by a second laser, also in the optical disk reading sled.

Abstract: Sub-information necessary to reproduce main information is recorded without deteriorating the reading accuracy of the main information, so that the illegal duplication of an optical disc is prevented. An optical disc 1 is produced by forming a reflective film 1L on concave and convex marks MK after the concave and convex marks MK synchronized with the integral multiple of a channel bit length are formed in accordance with modulated main information. Thereafter, continuous or intermittent laser light synchronized with the integral multiple of the channel bit length is irradiated at intervals longer than the longest one of the concave and convex marks MK in accordance with a spiral track formed in a circumferential direction of the concave and convex marks MK, whereby an optical characteristic of the reflective film 1L is changed to form a recordable mark SMK and sub-information necessary to reproduce the main information is recorded in a superimposition manner.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a constitution wherein a visible information recording medium section and an information recording medium section are bonded through a bonding layer. The visible information recording medium section has a constitution wherein a visible information recording layer, a first reflection layer and a first protection layer are stacked on a first substrate. The information recording medium section has a constitution wherein an information recording layer, a second reflection layer and a second protection layer are stacked on a second substrate having a pregroove formed on the surface. The visible information recording layer contains at least one dye compound among a yellow dye compound, magenta dye compound and a cyan dye compound.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, in an information recording medium for which a phase change material is used and in which information is recorded on, reproduced from, and erased from a recording layer by light irradiation, a recrystallization width WR at a periphery of an amorphous recording mark formed on the recording layer by light irradiation, and a recording mark width WA and a track pitch TP satisfy 1.0<WR/WA<1.1 and 2/3<WA/TP<4/3.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for managing command ordering for a host-Disk-to-intermediate-Disk-to-Holographic (D2D2H) data storage system. Specifically, a command ordering detects a command from a host system. A hologram segment associated with the detected command is identified and a determination is made whether the hologram segment is an open hologram segment or a closed hologram segment. A determination is made whether the detected command is to be prioritized. If the detected command is prioritized, the detected command is added to a prioritized command queue. Moreover, if the detected command is not prioritized, the detected command is added to a normal command queue. The detected commands addressing the same hologram segment are then grouped. The execution of one or more grouped commands (prioritized or normal) is deferred for a predetermined period to allow for additional commands to be received for a same command group.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for managing command ordering and command execution for a host-Disk-to-intermediate-Disk-to-Holographic (D2D2H) data storage system. Specifically, a command ordering and execution (COE) utility selects the command group from a command queue. A determination is made whether the command group includes a write command for writing an entire hologram segment. Responsive to a determination that the command group does not include the write command for writing the entire hologram segment, the entire hologram segment is read to an intermediate system disk. Conflicting commands are then sorted from non-conflicting commands. Specifically, all conflicting write commands are executed before all conflicting read commands. After execution, the entire hologram segment of the intermediate system disk is closed and written in holographic medium.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing apparatus includes an irradiation optical system of an information beam to an optical information recording medium that can record information as hologram by using interference fringes produced due to interference between the information beam that carries the information and a reference beam; a first light-reducing element placed in an optical path of the irradiation optical system of the information beam and reduces light intensity of part of the information beam; a detector that detects a reproduction beam emitted from the optical information recording medium; and a second light-reducing element placed in an optical path of the reproduction beam extending from the optical information recording medium to the detector, and that reduces light intensity of the reproduction beam emitted from a first area other than a second area, in which information is recorded with the information beam of which light intensity is reduced by the first light-reducing element.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus comprising: a diffraction grating that a laser beam enters, the diffraction grating being configured to generate a main beam that is 0th order light and sub-beams that are +1st order diffracted light and ?1st order diffracted light; an objective lens configured to focus the main beam and the sub-beams onto a signal recording layer; a main-beam light-receiving portion that the main beam reflected by the signal recording layer is applied to; and sub-beam light-receiving portions that the sub-beams reflected by the signal recording layer are respectively applied to, each light-receiving area of the sub-beam light-receiving portions being smaller than a light-receiving area of the main-beam light-receiving portion.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus for information recording and/or reproduction on different optical information recording media with compatibility among these media, the optical surface of a first objective lens and the optical surface of a second objective lens are formed only of a refractive surface. The second objective lens is used in common for the first light flux with a wavelength of ?1 and the second light flux with a wavelength of ?2, but in the case where the protective substrate t2 of the second optical information recording medium and the protective substrate t3 of the third optical information recording medium are the same, it is not necessary to take the difference in thickness of the protective substrate into consideration. Chromatic aberration based on the difference in wavelength between the first light flux and the second light flux can be corrected by displacing the second coupling lens.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the invention provides a master recording apparatus and method which can form a pit having a symmetrical pit shape with excellent reproducibility. An embodiment of the invention is a master recording apparatus where a resist film on a master for an optical disk is irradiated with irradiation light from a semiconductor laser to record information on the resist film, where the resist film is formed as an inorganic resist film, and means for outputting the irradiation light from the semiconductor laser as a short pulse laser with a pulse width between 200 ps and 1 ns is provided.

Abstract: In order to provide an optical pickup apparatus that has a relatively simple configuration and that can carry out recording and/or reproduction of information in a s compatible manner for different optical information storage medium, the optical surface of the first objective lens OBJ1 is formed only by a refracting surface, and hence it is possible to form it at a low cost even if it is made of glass. In addition, said first objective lens OBJ1 can be designed by optimizing it for the first light flux with the wavelength ?1 and the protective substrate t1 of said first optical disk OD1.

Abstract: A multi-stage lens driving device for driving an optical lens so as to perform the functions of zooming and/or focusing comprises: a front cover, a rear cover, a plurality of yokes, a plurality of driving coils, a lens seat, and a plurality of permanent magnets. The front cover is a hollow annular cover having a plurality of recesses formed on an inner periphery thereof and a plurality of holders on an outer periphery thereof. The rear cover can be combined with the front cover, thereby forming a receiving space therebetween. The lens seat is a hollow housing disposed in the receiving space. The yokes are provided in the recesses formed on the inner periphery of the front cover. The permanent magnets are surrounding and embedded in an outer periphery of the lens seat, disposed in correspondence to the yokes and spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance. The driving coils are provided respectively on the holders of the front cover, and correspond respectively to the yokes received in the recesses.

Abstract: An optical pickup device such that the driving force of the drive unit provided on the same optical base as that of the objective lens exerts no adverse influence on controlling of the objective lens is provided. The optical pickup device 1 has an objective lens 11 that condenses laser light onto an optical disk 3, a first drive mechanism 15 that moves the objective lens 11 on the optical base 6, a second drive mechanism 8 that moves a movable member 9 different from the objective lens 11 on the optical base 6, first control means 27 that outputs a first driving signal TDS to operate the first drive mechanism 15, and second control means 25 that outputs a second driving signal EDS to operate the second drive mechanism 8. A derivative value of the second driving signal EDS is added to the first driving signal TDS and inputted to the first drive mechanism 15.

Abstract: A quarter-wave plate includes a base member including a ridge and trough periodic structure with a structural period of ?min/2<P<?min arranged on one side of the base member, where ?min is the minimum wavelength among the wavelengths of a plurality of light fluxes which pass the quarter-wave plate. In the quarter-wave plate, refractive index of a ridge portion of the ridge and trough periodic structure for the wavelength ?min and a light transmittance have predetermined values. The ridge and trough periodic structure satisfies the predetermined condition relating to the structural height and the structural width of the ridge portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, it is possible to obtain a compensation SPP signal, which compensates a push-pull signal obtained by a ± first-order light or a lens shift compensation signal generated by other method according to phases of a motor to rotate a recording medium, from a MPP signal which is a component indicating the amount of de-tract in a reflected light from any one of recording layers of an optical disc detected by a photodetector, and it is possible to obtain a tracking signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio, by the following equation by using a compensation SPP signal and a MPP signal: MPP?compensation SPP×k where k is a constant.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a bearing mechanism used in an electric motor includes (a) inserting an annular member into a substantially cylindrical closed-bottom cup member to bring a first end portion of a shaft fitted to the annular member into contact with a thermoplastic resin member arranged on an inner bottom surface of the cup member, bringing the annular member into contact with the shaft in a direction leading from an opening of the cup member to a bottom portion of the cup member, and fixing the annular member to the cup member; and (b) deforming the resin member by externally heating the bottom portion of the cup member and applying a load acting toward the bottom portion on a second end portion of the shaft. Further, an electric motor includes a rotor unit, a stator unit, and the bearing mechanism manufactured by this method.

Abstract: An information recording medium (10, 301) contains content information and a judging program which is executed by an information reproducing device for reproducing the content information and judges whether the information reproducing device is authorized.

Abstract: If the read speed is increased while high-frequency modulated carrier is fixed at a constant frequency, it becomes difficult to separate the read signal from the carrier by using bandwidth limitation of the analog system because the upper limit of the read signal band nears to the carrier frequency. Moreover, if the separation between them is eased by raising the carrier frequency, a problem that write-waveform controls become difficult arises. However, the carrier amplitude can be suppressed simultaneously preventing leakage to the read signal band by converting the carrier frequency into the stop-band of the adaptive equalizer by making the use of aliasing that occurs at the A/D conversion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information recording medium includes a substrate, a phase-change recording layer formed on the substrate, and a reflecting layer formed on the phase-change recording layer. The phase-change recording layer contains tellurium and antimony or bismuth as main components, has a crystallization rate of 2 to 10 ns, and forms a recording mark by changing its crystal state when irradiated with a light pulse having a half-width of 200 ps to 1 ns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical disk comprising: a face (2) carrying information that is readable by a laser while the disk is being driven in rotation, said face being defined by a flexible structure (3); a support (4) serving to stiffen the flexible structure and comprising at least one fiber layer; and an identification and/or authentication element (6) carried by the support.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a write-once information recording medium includes a transparent resin substrate having concentric or spiral grooves and lands, and a recording film formed on the grooves and lands of the transparent resin substrate, wherein the recording film includes an organic dye layer containing a metal complex monomer and a metal complex polymer, a recording mark is formed in the organic dye layer by emission of a short-wavelength laser beam, and a light reflectance of the recording mark formed by emission of the short-wavelength laser beam is higher than that before emission of the short-wavelength laser beam, and the grooves wobble within a predetermined amplitude range.