Abstract: A riding saddle includes a saddle tree determining a saddle structure and seat padding thereon. The seat padding, in a supporting region for a rider's posterior, has two padded elevations projecting from a basic saddle surface and mutually separated by a flat depression. Dimensioning and configuration of the elevations and depression relieve a rider's buttocks from load during riding by more greatly padding ischial protuberances than buttocks. The elevations have a surface, at least 150 cm2, causing at least the ischial protuberances of riders of different height and different distances between the ischial protuberances to be padded in different sitting positions. The elevations have rounded outer contours, are matched to the saddle shape, are formed by two separate pads with the depression formed therebetween to the basic saddle surface below the pads. The saddle increases comfort by distributing weight over the posterior surface and saddle, providing secure and unstressed seating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in or relating to saddles and saddle trees, especially English saddle trees, particularly for horses. In particular, we describe a method of manufacture for a tree which is simplified by the use of leather, webbing and plastic in flat sheet material. This fabrication can be simply stitched and riveted together and a Y-bar and headplate are then bolted and or riveted to the finished leather plastic fabrication. This method of making a tree is fast, efficient, cost effective, safe, reliable, provides more consistent symmetrical performance, and above all is very light, providing a weight saving of 60% compared with conventional methods. The tree fabrication requires no additional finishing or tidying, unlike other forms of manufacture. As soon as the parts are assembled they are ready to go to the next stage of making the finished seat for the saddle.

Abstract: A gas/liquid separator in which separation performance for fluid into gas and liquid is enhanced is provided. A gas/liquid separator 10 includes a body 40 which separates a circulation gas into water and hydrogen gas in a separating space S1, a supply port 45 from which the circulation gas flows into the inner space S1, the supply port 45 being provided on the side wall surface 43 forming the separating space S1, and a discharge port48 through which the separated hydrogen gas flows out of the separating space S1, the discharge port 48 being provided on the side wall surface 43. In this case, the discharge port 48 is provided above the supply port 45.

Abstract: Object of the present invention is to provide a dust collecting device (100) for a vacuum cleaner of which dust collecting performance is improved. For this, the dust collecting device (100) includes a primary cyclone unit (110) having two parallel primary cyclones (111,112) for separating dust form air introduced therein by a cyclone principle, and a secondary cyclone (120) unit at a downstream of the primary cyclones (111,112) for cleaning the air again by the cyclone principle.

Abstract: A cyclone dust-collecting apparatus is provided. The dust-collecting apparatus is detachably mounted in a main cleaner body of a vacuum cleaner and disposed on a suction flow path extending from a suction port body to a suction source. The dust-collecting apparatus includes a body having an opened lower portion; at least one cyclone unit disposed to one side in the body to separate dust from air flowing into the body and discharge air from which the dust has been separated; and a bottom cover to open or close the lower portion of the body. The body has an inflow pipe penetrating the body from a rear portion of the body and connected to the cyclone unit and the inflow pipe has an inclined top surface.

Abstract: A filter element comprising a first planar layer (1) and a second planar layer (2), the layers (1, 2) being joined to one another to form at least one volume and at least one opening (3), and the layers (1, 2) being spaced apart from one another in places by means (4). With regard to the object of providing a filter assembly which is easily manufactured and ensures proper operation, the invention is characterized in that the means (4) are formed from at least one layer (1, 2). An assembly comprising a filter element and a frame is also described. Also described is a layer (1, 2) having deep-drawn areas.

Abstract: Cross-sectional geometries of filter elements for soot particle filters are described, allowing uniform loading of the filter element with soot. Starting with hexagonal cell shapes, other polygonal shapes are arranged around them. All the cross-sectional geometries have in common the fact that the cross-sectional area of all inlet channels is larger than the cross-sectional area of all outlet channels.

Abstract: A compact filter element (10, 10?, 10?) is provided with knock protection to protect the filter element against damage, such as may be incurred by tapping or hitting the filter against a hard surface. The filter element includes a filter body (1) having of a wound filter medium and configured for axial flow through its end faces (2). At least at one end face (2) of the filter body (1) a protective collar (3, 3?, 3?) is provided which surrounds an outer circumference and projects past the end face (2).

Abstract: There is disclosed a plugged honeycomb structure having a PM collection capability which is not easily deteriorated even when used as a DPF in an exhaust system where broken metal pieces, sputter depositions and the like flow as loads. The plugged honeycomb structure includes plugging portions having depths of 2.0 mm or more and 12 mm or less, plug punch out strengths per unit length in a range of 3 MPa/mm or more and 50 MPa/mm or less, hydraulic diameters of 0.95 mm or more and less than 2.20 mm and porosities of 40% or more and 80% or less.

Abstract: A work implement in the nature of a drive for a tool includes a starting and/or switching-off braking device for the tool. A brake button is provided which can be externally actuated by a user, with which a starting and/or switching-off brake can be released. A device is also provided which can change the rotational speed of the drive, the device having a throttle button capable of being actuated by the user from outside. The brake button and the throttle button are arranged on a handle so that they can be contacted simultaneously by the hand of a user, where the throttle button can be actuated when the starting and/or switching-off brake is applied.

Abstract: Mowing device for plants, comprising at least one rotor with a rotor axis, in particular a vertical rotor axis or first rotation axis, and at least one blade which is driven in rotation by the rotor, in which the blade is attached to a blade holder, which is attached to the rotor so as to be rotatable about a second rotation axis which is situated at a radial distance from the rotor axis.

Abstract: A mower deck for a rotary vegetation cutting mower device pulled by a motor vehicle includes a housing defining a main portion disposed generally horizontally when the mower deck is in a position for cutting the vegetation and a pair of side walls extending downwardly from the main portion generally perpendicular thereto and forming in combination with the main portion a compartment of the housing wherein the blade rotates. At least one of at least one reinforcing rib and raised portion is disposed on the top surface of the main portion. A plate is releaseably secured to the top surface of the housing and carries a gearbox thereon. The housing and the plate are manufactured from a polypropylene material having a thickness of about one inch.

Abstract: A device and method for cutting forage and lading the fresh cut forage onto a conveyor belt. The conveyer belt transports the fresh cut forage into a vehicle to transport the forage. The forage goes directly into the transport vehicle without being placed on the ground eliminating the need for additional runs to recover the forage.

Abstract: Provided are a steel cord for reinforcing rubber whose fatigue resistance is increased more than ever to enable achieving high durability that was not conventionally realized, and a pneumatic radial tire including the steel cord as a reinforcement member. In a steel cord for reinforcing rubber having a double-twist structure that includes a plurality of strands twisted together in the same direction with the same pitch and including a central structure and at least one outer layer, the central structure is composed of at least two strands being twisted around each other and each being composed of at least seven filaments being twisted together. In a steel cord for reinforcing rubber including at least three core strands being twisted together and at least six sheath strands being twisted together around the core strands, the core strands and the sheath strands are twisted in the same direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling the combustion in a combustion chamber with a combustion space, wherein fuel in fluid form and oxidiser in fluid form are blown into the combustion space, in which at least one control jet is generated in the combustion space, which influences the flow of fuel and/or oxidiser in the combustion space, wherein the mass flow component of the at least one control jet lies between 1% and 7% of the total mass flow, the at least one control jet is generated such that it varies over time, the at least one control jet is generated by being blown in or extracted through one or more ports in a combustion chamber wall, which coincide with one or more ports for blowing in and/or extracting fuel and/or oxidiser, and the at least one control jet is generated so that a degree of swirl of the fuel flow and/or oxidiser flow is reduced by means thereof.

Abstract: An exhaust gas attemperating device is provided. The exhaust gas attemperating device includes a conduit in fluid communication with a gas turbine. The conduit is configured to receive exhaust gases from the gas turbine and has one or more apertures extending therethrough. The exhaust gas attemperating device further includes one or more atomizing nozzles extending through the apertures of the conduit. The atomizing nozzle is configured to inject a liquid through the aperture into the conduit, such that the liquid evaporates and decreases a temperature and an oxygen concentration of the exhaust gases in the conduit.

Abstract: An insensitive combined cycle missile propulsion system includes a solid fuel contained within a first section of the missile, a liquid oxidizer contained within a second section of the missile and a solid oxidizer contained within a third section of said missile. A first conduit has a first valve communicating the fuel and the oxidizer and a second conduit, spatially removed from the first conduit, has a second valve communicating the fuel and the oxidizer. An inlet system for delivering atmospheric oxygen for combustion with the fuel rich gases generated within the missile and a nozzle exhausts combustion products that result from combustion of the fuel, the liquid and solid oxidizers, and air.

Abstract: A swept fan ramp for a pivot door thrust reverser includes a cylindrical unit with an elliptical flared portion, a side portion, and a rectangular flared portion. The elliptical flared portion is operable to reduce drag on airflow in a reverse direction and is coupled to the top center and bottom center of the circumference of the cylindrical unit. The side portion is operable to reduce side spillage airflow and is coupled to the central left side and central right side of the aft circumference of the cylindrical unit. The rectangular flared portion is operable to promote separation of airflow into an upper airflow path and a lower airflow path, is coupled with the aft circumference of the cylindrical unit, and is connected to the elliptical flared portion and the side portion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solid fuel rocket motor which may include a grain disposed within a case. Prior to ignition, a burnable surface of the grain may be defined, at least in part, by a non-circular center perforation. The interior surface of the case may conform to the expected shape of the burnable surface of the grain at a predetermined time after ignition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion chamber wall in a combustion chamber, comprising a support structure with a number of heat shield which are attached to the support structure with the aid of a fastening means. Said fastening means encompasses a spring device which is fixedly connected to the support structure and is composed at least of a spring that is mounted in a jacket. The spring is secured against falling out on the side facing away from the combustion chamber by means of a first removable retainer. The interior of the spring device is provided with an axial hole for accommodating the fastening means. The spring is secured against falling out on the side facing the combustion chamber by means of a second removable retainer. The spring device can be dismounted on the side facing the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for PM purification, where good PM purification performance can be achieved. The PM purification apparatus 10 of the present invention comprises (a) a honeycomb support 13 having an outer periphery-side region 13a and an inner-side region 13b, which carries a PM oxidation catalyst and in which the PM oxidation catalyst loading per unit volume of support in the outer periphery-side region 13a is greater than the PM oxidation catalyst loading per unit volume of support in the inner-side region 13b, (b) a center electrode 12 passing through the center part of the honeycomb support 13 and extending to the exhaust gas flow upstream side, and (c) an outer peripheral electrode 14 disposed on the outer periphery of the honeycomb support 13 and electrically insulated from the center electrode 12 by the honeycomb support 13. The PM purification method of the present invention can be performed using the PM purification apparatus 10 of the present invention.

Abstract: System for storing an additive solution and injecting it into the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, the system comprising a tank for storing the additive and a rotary pump, a metering valve and an injector which are separate devices, this system making it possible to meter and inject the additive solution into the exhaust gases as is, without diluting it with a gas. In this system, the pump outlet pressure is regulated by adjusting the rotational speed of the pump. Process using such a system.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning apparatus includes a combustion mode shifter that shifts combustion in a cylinder of an engine from a lean-burn mode to a rich-burn mode for enabling a LNT to reduce NOx contained in the exhaust gas. The combustion mode shifter is configured to: estimate a torque-producing fuel quantity for a fuel injection made by a fuel injector when the combustion is in the lean-burn mode; estimate an excess oxygen ratio for an upcoming fuel injection during the shifting of the combustion from the lean-burn mode to the rich-burn mode; estimate a fuel burning percentage for the upcoming fuel injection based on the excess oxygen ratio; set a command injection quantity for the upcoming fuel injection based on the torque-producing fuel quantity and the fuel burning percentage; and control the fuel injector to inject the command injection quantity of fuel into the cylinder in the upcoming fuel injection.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables to detect a fault of a PM trapper with improved accuracy. According to the present invention, a plurality of temperature sensors 10 are provided in an exhaust passage 9 just downstream of a PM trapper 17 in such a way that their temperature detection elements are positioned on a plane that is perpendicular to an imaginary center axis of the exhaust passage 9. A change in the radial direction temperature distribution of the exhaust gas flowing out of the PM trapper 17 upon occurrence of a fault in the PM trapper 17 is detected from measurement values of the temperature sensors 10, and a fault of the PM trapper 17 is detected based on this radial direction temperature distribution. Since the measurement values of the temperature sensors 10 are unlikely to be affected by the amount of PM deposited on the PM trapper 17, detection of a fault of the PM trapper 17 can be achieved with improved accuracy.

Abstract: A system for storing an ammonia precursor, comprising a tank, a filler pipe equipped With an obturator and a ventilation line establishing a direct connection between the filler pipe and a gas discharge duct and also a device designed to specifically open this connection once the obturator starts to be opened.

Abstract: A reducing agent heating system and method. The reducing agent heating system provides a dual energy heating strategy using both an electric heater and an engine coolant line such that emission control may be promoted efficiently. The electric heater and engine coolant line are disposed in close proximity to the reducing agent such that efficient and quick thawing of frozen or freezing reducing agent is facilitated.

Abstract: An exhaust system for use with an engine is disclosed. The exhaust system may have a first treatment device configured to receive a flow of exhaust from the engine and convert a first constituent of the exhaust to a second constituent. The exhaust system may also have a second treatment device located downstream of the first treatment device and configured to reduce the first constituent and the second constituent. The exhaust system may further have a flow regulator configured to selectively vary a rate of exhaust passing through the first treatment device, and a controller configured to operate the flow regulator such that a desired amount of the first constituent and the second constituent is received by the second treatment device.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment system, and a method for exhaust gas purification, has a first oxidation catalyst device, a NOx catalyst device for removing nitrogen from the exhaust gas, a device for actively increasing an exhaust gas temperature with at least one second oxidation catalyst device, and a device for removing particles. The devices are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, so that the exhaust gas flows through them. A respective operating temperature of the NOx catalyst device and of the device for removing particles can be set independently of an exhaust gas temperature at an outlet of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a technique for improving the efficiency of performance regeneration process that is executed on NOx storage reduction catalysts provided in a plurality of branch passages branching from the exhaust passage and reduce emissions of NOx from an internal combustion engine to the atmosphere. When the quantity of NOx discharged from an internal combustion engine and flowing into an exhaust pipe is smaller than a predetermined quantity, fuel serving as reducing agent is added through a fuel addition valve while torque change moderating process is executed (from T0 to T1 ). After that, a first flow rate control valve is closed to make the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing in the first branch passage smaller than that in the second branch passage (from T1 to T3).

Abstract: An emission control system capable of remediating an exhaust from an internal combustion engine and having an exhaust passage, an oxidation catalyst, a reducing agent and a source of the reducing agent cooperating with an aperture in the exhaust passage. The aperture is disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst. The system also includes a mixer arranged within the exhaust passage downstream of the aperture. The mixer includes a plurality of mixing elements. The mixer also includes a coating capable of hydrolyzing the reducing agent. At least a portion of the mixing elements which have a thermal conductivity greater than 8 W/m/° K. The system includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst disposed downstream from the mixer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device for converting exhaust gas constituents of an internal combustion engine by means of at least one catalyzer and/or particle filter and/or particle separator and for compensating relative movements between the internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas train and/or relative movements between different parts of the exhaust gas train by means of at least one compensator permitting relative movements. The at least one catalyzer for converting exhaust gas constituents and/or the at least one particle filter and/or the at least one particle separator are/is arranged inside the compensator and or inside the part of the exhaust gas train that is permanently connected to the compensator. The outer diameter of the catalyzer and/or of the particle filter and/or of the particle separator is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the compensator.

Abstract: Systems for operating on an internal combustion engine coupled to an exhaust conduit and an intake conduit include an exhaust gas recirculation conduit in fluid communication with the exhaust conduit, a heat exchanger coupled to the exhaust gas recirculation conduit to cool at least a portion of the amount of exhaust, a liquid accumulator adapted to accumulate liquid from at least a portion of the amount of exhaust, and a condensate conduit coupled to the liquid accumulator. Methods of operating an engine include: receiving an exhaust gas recirculation stream from a main exhaust stream, cooling the exhaust gas recirculation stream, removing at least some condensate from the exhaust gas recirculation stream after cooling, and adding at least some of the condensate removed from the exhaust gas recirculation stream to the main exhaust stream and/or to an inlet charge of the engine.

Abstract: A system for treating exhaust gasses from an engine is described. The system includes, the exhaust gasses routed from the engine to atmosphere through a helical exhaust passage, the system comprises an exhaust passage that receives an exhaust flow injected with a liquid reductant, the helical exhaust passage including a plurality of exhaust passages that separates the exhaust flow into separated smaller flows, wherein the smaller flows are re-introduced into a common passage and combine to form a single exhaust flow, and wherein the orientation of the plurality of exhaust passages impels the single exhaust flow to exhibit a helical flow pattern.

Abstract: A rear half part of a surface of a main body of a working oil tank installed in line with a control valve opposing to the valve is dented in an inclining surface shape in the direction moving away from the valve so that between both the tank and the valve, is formed a working space for attaching and detaching a pressure compensating spool, while return tubes are separately connected to the upper and the lower side of a filter case side wall within the body. Within the body, is provided a cylindrical filter case having a bottom in which a return filter for return oil is housed, and the return tubes are connected to the case side wall in a state of communicating with the inside of the filter case.

Abstract: This invention teaches how to build heat engines that can work with low temperature heat sources with the input working fluid being air at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly for a hydraulic actuation system for a handlebar-steered vehicle including a fluid cavity having an adjustable length. The master cylinder assembly generally includes a housing, a piston assembly, an actuator and an adjuster. The housing is mountable to a frame member and includes a chamber having a fluid cavity with first and second regions. The first region is in fluid communication with the hydraulic actuation system. The piston assembly includes a piston slidably disposed within the fluid cavity. The actuator is operatively connected to the housing and operatively connected to the piston to slidably displace the piston between an open fluid circuit position permitting fluid flow between the first and second regions and a closed fluid circuit position blocking fluid flow between the first and second regions. The adjuster is operatively connected to the housing to adjust a length of the fluid cavity.

Abstract: A unique piston based, two cycle, internal combustion engine using turbocompounding to recover exhaust heat and a hot air cycle to recover jacket heat. Three engines operate together and share components to make a mechanically simple device. Air and exhaust are the only working fluids. All working cycles are open. There are no external heat exchangers or pumps. Power can be taken from the engine as mechanical shaft power or electrical with the preferred method being electrical.

Abstract: An electropneumatic actuator system for operating assemblies of an internal combustion engine includes a housing, in which an actuator is movably accommodated, which in turn is configured to be hollow and includes an aeration channel and a deaeration channel. A control slide valve is assigned to the actuator which is operated by a magnetic coil and which aerates, deaerates or closes a pressure chamber of the housing as a function of the relative position of the actuator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a relief valve comprising: a first valve body (3) for opening and closing a fluid passage (33) between a first valve connection (31) and a second valve connection (32); a second valve body (4), which is arranged on the first valve body (3), for opening and closing a valve gate (3A), which is arranged in the first valve body (3), between the first valve connection (31) and a valve interior (9); at least one fluid passage (11) providing a connection between the valve interior (9) and the second valve connection (32); a closure member (18) for selectively opening and closing the fluid passage (11); an actuator (2, 7) for moving or actuating the second valve body (4) in a closing direction, wherein a movable member (2) of the actuator (2, 7) is arranged so as to be movable, after the closing of the second valve body (4), further in the same direction, so that the first valve body (3) can be moved in an opening direction of the first valve body (3) via an engagement of the second valve

Abstract: Systems and methods may be provided for exhaust gas recirculation. The systems and methods may include receiving, via an intake section, inlet air at an input of a compressor, generating compressed air at the compressor using the received inlet air, and providing the compressed air from the compressor to a combustor, where the combustor produces combustion involving the compressed air and fuel. The systems and methods may also include receiving combustion products associated with the combustion at a turbine component, where the turbine component releases exhaust gases, and recirculating at least a portion of the exhaust gases to the intake section via a recirculation line, where the recirculated exhaust gases raise a temperature of the inlet air.

Abstract: In a domestic energy supply system, the thermal energy of the temperature difference between at least one heat source and at least one heat sink is converted into work by way of a thermal engine. The thermal engine has a fluid cycle with at least two reservoirs, which, in each case as a condenser to be cooled or an evaporator to be heated, are thermally coupled to the heat source or the heat sink. A working temperature difference between the reservoirs of approximately 10° to 200° C. is set at a working temperature of 30° to 280° C. The thermal engine has a hybrid motor in the form of a combination of a pressure media motor and an internal combustion engine, in which firstly a pressure difference of the fluid as a result of the working temperature difference is used for driving purposes and secondly fuel is combusted and converted into work. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling such a system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermodynamic circuit with a working medium comprising at least two substances with non-isothermal evaporation and condensation whereby the working medium can decompose above a given temperature. According to the invention, the heat from heat sources at temperatures above the decomposition temperature of the working medium may be made useful with little complexity and with high operational security, whereby the heat from the heat source is transferred in a first step to a hot liquid circuit and, in a second step, from the hot liquid circuit to the circuit with the working medium comprising at least two substances with non-isothermal evaporation and condensation. The heat introduced to the circuit with the working medium comprising at least two substances with non-isothermal evaporation and condensation can be reduced by means of the intermediate hot liquid circuit, such that a decomposition of the working medium can be avoided.

Abstract: A method and a system for converting heat energy contained in fluids as noticeable or latent heat to mechanical energy, wherein a working fluid is evaporated by means of the heat energy, if necessary after transformation to a higher temperature level, by means of one or more series-connected heat pumps and expanded in an expansion device, and wherein the heat energy is at least partially converted to mechanical energy. The expansion occurs in a low-pressure expansion device and the energy contained in the expanded evaporated working fluid is recyclable into the evaporating device in an evaporating unit, which is usable for evaporating additional working fluid.

Abstract: A high efficiency combined cycle internal combustion and steam engine includes a cylinder having a piston mounted for reciprocation therein with an internal combustion chamber outward of the piston, a fixed cylinder cap sealingly and slideably mounted within the piston and a steam expansion/recompression chamber inside the piston adjacent the cylinder cap. The cylinder cap can be unheated or heated externally to reduce condensation of steam entering the steam chamber from a steam generator fired by waste combustion heat. Steam remaining in the cylinder when a steam exhaust valve closes at the top center position is recompressed during an inward stroke of the piston up to admission pressure prior to admitting the next charge of steam.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine is disclosed which is able to operate with high combustion efficiency, and low nitrous oxide emissions during gas turbine operations. The combustor consists of a can-type configuration which combusts fuel premixed with air and delivers the hot gases to a turbine. Fuel is premixed with air through a swirler and is delivered to the combustor with a high degree of swirl motion about a central axis. This swirling mixture of reactants is conveyed downstream through a flow path that expands; the mixture reacts, and establishes an upstream central recirculation flow along the central axis. A cooling assembly is located on the swirler co-linear with the central axis in which cooler air is conveyed into the prechamber between the recirculation flow and the swirler surface.

Abstract: A gas turbine unit as well as a method for operating a gas turbine with high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine unit are disclosed. A very quick and at the same time easily controllable augmentation or reduction of the shaft power of the gas turbine unit can be achieved by providing at least one liquid droplet injection device on the upstream side of said compressor for injecting liquid into the stream of intake air in order to increase the shaft power generated by the gas turbine unit. The amount of water mass flow corresponding to the desired increase or decrease of shaft power output of the gas turbine unit is added or reduced in the form of liquid droplets in a substantially stepless manner and immediately within a time interval that is determined by the design characteristics of the liquid droplet injection device.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a high towershaft driven by a high pressure spool and a low towershaft driven by a low pressure spool.

Abstract: An auxiliary cooling and heating apparatus for automobiles using a thermoelectric module, in which a thermoelectric module is divided into plural ones and supplied with electric power sequentially to reduce inrush current of the thermoelectric module, thereby reducing a load of an electric system of the automobile and increasing durability of the electric system, and enhancing efficiency of the thermoelectric module by controlling capacity in the optimum state.

Abstract: A system for transfer of a liquid, such as liquefied natural gas, from a ship such as a liquefied natural gas carrier and a floating or fixed production and/or storage unit. The system has articulated arms and has n degrees of freedom, generally six, provided by rotating joint joints. At least one of the rotating joints is located on the ship.

Abstract: Climatic test chamber (10) for carrying out a sequence of specified test cycles and cooled by means of at least a refrigerating circuit (100, 200, 410) including a variable-speed compressor (120, 210, 410). During the steps of the test cycles in which said chamber (10) is held at a minimum set temperature, the compressor (120, 210, 410) operates at the minimum rotating speed thereof and the refrigeration capacity is used to cool a cold storage medium. The cold stored by the cold storage medium is then recovered to subcool the refrigerant medium during the cooling-down steps in which the compressor (120, 210, 410) operates at the maximum rotating speed thereof.