Abstract: Micromachined accelerometer and method in which a proof mass is suspended above a substrate for movement in response to acceleration, electrodes form capacitors which change in capacitance in response to movement of the proof mass, processing circuitry responsive to the changes in capacitance provides an output signal corresponding to movement of the proof mass, a test signal is applied to the electrodes during use of the accelerometer to produce additional movement of the proof mass and a corresponding test signal component in the output signal, and the output signal is monitored to determine whether the accelerometer is operating normally by the presence of the test signal component in the output signal.

Abstract: A parachute opening shock emulator including a seat structure and a catching mechanism. The seat structure includes a seat for holding a manikin, the seat is movable such that the manikin can be pulled from the seat simulating the parachute opening shock phase of an ejection. The catching mechanism is for catching the manikin after it is pulled from the seat.

Abstract: An impact detector includes a first determination unit operable to determine whether or not an absolute value of an acceleration in a direction of Y axis exceeds 1 G, and an impact determination unit operable to output a predetermined impact detection signal which indicates detection of impact in a direction of Z axis in response to an absolute value of an acceleration in a direction of X axis exceeding 1 G within a predetermined time period T after the first determination unit determines that the absolute value of the acceleration in the direction of Y axis exceeds 1 G.

Abstract: The device is used to record measurement data and has a housing, a housing interior and a membrane that is held by the housing and delimits the housing interior in regions. At least one sensor is arranged inside the housing interior. Furthermore, a thermocatalytic element for the decomposition of at least one gas is arranged in the housing interior.

Abstract: A metal compound (50) able to trap a sulfur component in exhaust gas is arranged in a flow path of the exhaust gas, a property of the metal compound (50) changing along with an increase of the amount of sulfur component trapped at the metal compound (50) is measured, and the cumulative value of the amount of SOX actually contained in the exhaust gas is calculated from the measured property. On the other hand, the assumed cumulative value of the amount of SOx, assumed to be contained in the exhaust gas when assuming that fuel or oil of a sulfur concentration assumed in advance is used, is calculated. It is judged if fuel or oil with a high sulfur concentration is being used from the actual cumulative value of the amount of SOX and the assumed cumulative value of the amount of SOx.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting impurities, especially gases in a first material, particularly metallic materials. According to said method, the impurities contained in the first material are transferred into at least one second material, said impurities preferably being concentrated in the second material. The impurities are then detected, preferably quantitatively determined, in the second material. The data obtained in said manner makes it possible to draw conclusions about the presence of the impurities in the first material. Preferably, the concentration of the impurities in the first material is quantitatively determined in an arithmetic fashion.

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses for measuring wetting, absorption, and/or other mechanisms of fluid transportation by a sample of particulates. The apparatus may include a container holding a fluid, a means for measuring fluid in the container, and a conduit having a fluid-conveying lumen that allows fluid to flow from the container to a conduit opening. Also included is a sample holder in fluid communication with the conduit opening. The holder may have a surface on which the sample may be placed to absorb fluid from the conduit opening against gravity without falling into the conduit opening. In addition or in the alternative, the holder may be constructed and situated in a manner effective to draw fluid from the conduit opening to provide a controlled reservoir of fluid for absorption by the sample against gravity. Methods using saturated a porous medium is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system is provided that may be utilized to determine air flow through an air filter and/or a plurality of air filters. The present invention utilizes a demonstration apparatus to illustrate the differences in air flow and air restriction between a plurality of different air filters and filtration media. The apparatus and system utilizes a common plenum which subjects the plurality of air filters to the same differential pressure. The air flows through a first side of the air filter and is measured on the second side of the air filter by utilizing a wind meter or similar device to gauge the amount of air flow velocity of the second side of the filter. Additionally, the apparatus and system utilizes a display means to illustrate the differing air velocity through the second side of the air filter.

Abstract: A method of determining a leakage in a piston machine comprising at least two pistons is provided. The rotational velocity of the piston machine, and therefore the volume flow through the piston machine, is varied periodically as part of a time-limited active test while measuring the differential pressure and the angular position. An angular position-based Fourier analysis of the measured values from differential pressure and rotational velocity measurements performed during the test are used to experimentally determine the amplitude ratio and phase angle difference between volume flow variations and pressure variations. The amplitude ratio and phase angle difference are used, together with an angular position-based Fourier analysis of the measurements of differential pressure and rotational speed made after the active test, to determine the amplitude and phase of the leakage flow.

Abstract: Tire pressure monitoring system for a vehicle includes sensor units mounted in each tire of the vehicle, each sensor unit being operable to output an RF signal indicative of the pressure in the tire in which it is mounted; a pair of communicator units for receiving signals from said sensor units, said pair of communicator units being provided at different locations on the vehicle; and a control unit connected to said communicator units wherein said control unit is operable to determine which sensor unit is associated with which tire by monitoring the strength of the RF signal received from each respective sensor unit by each communicator unit.

Abstract: Described is a leak testing method for disposable sterile syringes (1) prefilled with a medicinal product, each of which comprises a barrel (2) for containing the medicinal product and a plunger (7) which slides inside the barrel (2) and forms a seal with the latter's inside surface. The method comprises the steps of fixing the position of the plunger (7) relative to the barrel (2) of each syringe (1) to be tested; exposing the syringes (1) to an outside pressure that is different from atmospheric pressure; exposing the syringes (1) to an outside pressure equal to atmospheric pressure; releasing the position of the plunger (7) relative to the barrel (2) of the syringe (1); and detecting any change in the position of the plunger (7) relative to the barrel (2) of the syringes (1).

Abstract: Transmission oil type may be determined based on the opening time of a transmission latch valve and on oil temperature. An opening time of a latch valve positioned between an oil reservoir and one or more torque transmitting devices of a transmission is determined in response to a command to open the latch valve. A temperature of oil supplied by the latch valve from the oil reservoir to the one or more torque transmitting devices in response to the command to open the latch valve is also determined. The latch valve opening time and oil temperature are monitored over a range of oil temperatures to collect opening times of the latch valve at each of a plurality of oil temperatures within the range of oil temperatures. The transmission oil type is then determined based on the opening times of the latch valve at each of the plurality of oil temperatures.

Abstract: The viscometer provides a viscosity value (X?) which represents the viscosity of a fluid flowing in a pipe connected thereto. It comprises a vibratory transducer with at least one flow tube for conducting the fluid, which communicates with the pipe. Driven by an excitation assembly, the flow tube is vibrated so that friction forces are produced in the fluid. The viscometer further includes meter electronics which feed an excitation current (iexc) into the excitation assembly. By means of the meter electronics, a first internal intermediate value (X1) is formed, which corresponds with the excitation current (iexc) and thus represents the friction forces acting in the fluid. According to the invention, a second internal intermediate value (X2), representing inhomogeneities in the fluid, is generated in the meter electronics, which then determine the viscosity value (X?) using the two intermediate values (X1, X2).

Abstract: Osmolarity measurement of a sample fluid, such as tear film, is achieved by depositing an aliquot-sized sample on a sample receiving substrate. The sample fluid is placed on a sample region of the substrate. Energy is imparted to the sample fluid and energy properties of the fluid can be detected to produce a sample fluid reading that indicates osmolarity of the sample fluid. An aliquot-sized volume can comprise, for example, a volume of no more than 20 microliters (?L). The aliquot-sized sample volume can be quickly and easily obtained, even from dry eye sufferers. The imparted energy can comprise electrical, optical or thermal energy. In the case of electrical energy, the energy property of the sample fluid can comprise electrical conductivity. In the case of optical energy, the energy property can comprise fluorescence. In the case of thermal energy, the measured property can be the freezing point of the sample fluid.

Abstract: Exchanging data between an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measuring device and an external controlling device using a wireless link. The wireless link replaces cables leading to the AFM measuring device and thereby mitigates mechanical noise vibrations. The controlling device can be an AFM controller, a PC workstation, a keyboard or a pointing device. A power supply and cables to provide power to the measuring device can be replaced with a battery power source to further mitigate mechanical noise. The AFM measuring device can reside in a vibration isolation chamber along with the power source and AFM controller to further isolate noise.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting a crank angle of an engine includes detecting a non-toothed portion of a crank pulse rotor during a inlet valve open period for preventing falsely recognizing compression top dead center as a position of the non-toothed portion. A crank angle sensor is arranged at a position facing an outer circumference of a crank pulse rotor including a non-toothed portion thereof. An interval calculating unit measures crank pulse time intervals between adjacent teeth based on a sensing signal received from the crank angle sensor. The measured successive crank pulse time intervals are compared for detection of the non-toothed portion. A ratio calculating unit calculates a ratio of crank pulse intervals. A maximum ratio detecting unit determines presence of the non-toothed portion when the calculated ratio of crank pulse interval is the maximum in the cycle of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel pressure sensor/sensor mount assembly in which a fuel pressure sensor is so mounted as to exposed to a high-pressure fuel path through which fuel is supplied to a fuel injector, a fuel injection apparatus equipped with a built-in fuel pressure sensor, and a pressure sensing apparatus working to measure the pressure of fuel in a fuel injector are provided. The fuel pressure sensor/sensor mount assembly is disposed between the high-pressure fuel path and the fuel injector, thus permitting the size of the fuel injector to be minimized without sacrificing the accuracy in measuring the pressure of the fuel. The fuel injection apparatus and the a pressure sensing apparatus are designed to ensure desired accuracy in measuring the pressure of the fuel.

Abstract: A method for testing a circuit of a D.C. electrical system in a motor vehicle that includes connecting a load bank (30) to a D.C. electrical source such as a battery bank (24) or an alternator (26) and wirelessly operating the load bank (36) to set the load that the load bank imposes on the D.C. source during circuit testing.

Abstract: The control device, which is driven by an engine mounted on the vehicle, generates electric power and determines a power generation voltage for supplying the electric power to an electrical load and the electricity storage means, comprising electricity storage amount detection means for detecting an amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage means, by integrating an input/output current to/from the electricity storage means, voltage lowering means for lowering the power generation voltage when a predetermined electricity storage amount is detected by the electricity storage amount detection means, time measuring means for measuring time elapsed after termination of charging/discharging of the electricity storage means, and lowering prohibition means for prohibiting the power generation voltage from being lowered by the voltage lowering means if the time elapsed after termination of the charging/discharging is longer than or equal to a predetermined time.

Abstract: Exhaust gas sensing system and methods for sensing concentrations of exhaust gas constituents are provided. The exhaust gas sensing system includes a NOx sensing cell configured to generate a voltage in response to exhaust gases communicating with the NOx sensing cell. The exhaust gas sensing system further includes a temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the exhaust gases. The exhaust gas sensing system further includes a controller configured to receive the voltage from the NOx sensing cell and to determine a first NOx value based on the voltage. The controller is further configured to receive the signal from the temperature sensor and to determine a temperature value based on the signal. The controller is further configured to determine a NO2 concentration value indicative of an amount of NO2 in the exhaust gases based on the first NOx value and the temperature value, and to store the NO2 concentration value in a memory device.

Abstract: A high-accuracy EGR sensor is provided. A recirculation system is provided which controls the flow rate of EGR by use of the sensor. A thermal gas flowmeter includes a heating resistor disposed in a flow of gas to be measured for detecting the flow rate of the gas, and an external circuit electrically connected to the heating resistor for outputting a signal according to the flow rate of the gas to be measured using the heating resistor. The heating resistor is controlled to be heated at a temperature equal to or higher than a vapor film forming temperature for forming a vapor film.

Abstract: Preferably, an embodiment of a tire inflation system includes at least an axle housing a pressurized fluid, a hubcap supported by the axle and having an interior and an exterior, a rotary union axially aligned with the axle and mounted to the hubcap from the exterior of the hubcap, and a lubrication trap axially aligned with the axle, supporting the rotary union and secured to the hubcap from the exterior of the hubcap for rotation with the hubcap. In another embodiment, a tire inflation system includes at least an axle housing a pressurized fluid, a hubcap supported by the axle and having an interior and an exterior, a rotary union axially aligned with the axle and mounted to the hubcap from the exterior of the hubcap, and a bushing axially aligned with the axle and disposed between the rotary union and the hubcap.

Abstract: The strength of adhesion between two layers (1,2) is evaluated by applying a series of laser shocks directly to the surface of one (1) of the layers. Adhesion strength is determined based on the wavelength (?2) and energy (e2) of the laser pulse (L2) creating the shock which causes rupture of the interface (3) between the two layers (1,2).

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for obtaining a plurality of fluid samples in a subterranean well includes a carrier (104), a plurality of sampling chambers (102) and a pressure source (108) of the apparatus (100). The carrier (104) has a longitudinally extending internal fluid passageway (112) and a plurality of externally disposed chamber receiving slots (159). Each of sampling chamber (102) is positioned in one of the chamber receiving slots (159) of the carrier (104). The pressure source (108) is selectively in fluid communication with each of the sampling chambers (102) such that the pressure source (108) is operable to pressurize each of the sampling chambers (102) after the samples are obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for obtaining a plurality of fluid samples in a subterranean well includes a carrier (104), a plurality of sampling chambers (102) and a pressure source (108) of the apparatus (100). The carrier (104) has a longitudinally extending internal fluid passageway (112) providing a substantially smooth bore therethrough and a plurality of chamber receiving slots (159). Each of sampling chamber (102) is positioned in one of the chamber receiving slots (159) of the carrier (104). The pressure source (108) is selectively in fluid communication with each of the sampling chambers (102) such that the pressure source (108) is operable to pressurize each of the sampling chambers (102) after the samples are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring the turbulence intensity of a horizontal axis wind turbine that is capable of accurately obtaining the value of the turbulence intensity without the effect of the rotor and by taking into consideration the motion of the nacelle. In the method for measuring the turbulence intensity of a horizontal axis wind turbine, with the nacelle located on the upwind side of the rotor of the horizontal axis wind turbine, measurement values are obtained from an anemometer that is located on the nacelle and an acceleration sensor that is fastened to the nacelle, and the absolute value of the turbulence intensity is calculated based on the measurement values from the anemometer and the measurement values from the acceleration sensor. As a result, it is possible to accurately calculate the absolute value of the turbulence intensity that includes the effect of the movement of the nacelle.

Abstract: In the thermal type flowmeter for measuring the flow rate by a measuring element with an exothermic resistor and a temperature measuring resistor being shaped in the side of the surface of a substrate, a facing wall facing the surface of the measuring element is arranged, cantilever plate parts protruding from the facing wall toward the measuring element side are arranged, a gap is provided between the tip of the cantilever plate parts and the measuring element, and the cantilever plate parts are extended from the upper stream to the down stream of the measuring element.

Abstract: Level indicator or pressure-measuring device with a cup-shaped housing cover (1), having a cylindrical lateral wall (10) and an,inspection glass (4) fixed to the base, such that the inspection glass (4) is held in place by a bayonet fitting.

Abstract: A Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensor systems and methods are operable to determine linear acceleration and rotation. An exemplary embodiment applies a first linear acceleration rebalancing force via a first electrode pair to a first proof mass, applies a second linear acceleration rebalancing force via a second electrode pair to a second proof mass, applies a first Coriolis rebalancing force via a third electrode pair to the first proof mass, applies a second Coriolis rebalancing force via a fourth electrode pair to the second proof mass, determines a linear acceleration corresponding to the applied first and second linear acceleration rebalancing forces, and determines a rotation corresponding to the applied first and second Coriolis rebalancing forces.

Abstract: There is provided an angular velocity sensor element which, even when a sudden vibration is given from the outside, can absorb the vibration to prevent the vibration from being transmitted to an element section thereof. An angular velocity sensor element 1 according to the present embodiment includes: sensor units 10a to 10c with driven-related and detection-related vibrating arms; a base section 4 which couples the sensor units 10a to 10c; a first fixed section 6 which is frame-shaped and which surrounds the base section 4 and the sensor units 10a to 10c; first coupling arms 5a to 5c which couple the base section 4 to the first fixed section 6; a second fixed section 8 which is disposed in at least a part of the area around the first fixed section 6; and second coupling arms 7a to 7c which couple the first fixed section 6 to the second fixed section 8.

Abstract: Disclosed is an angular rate detection apparatus which provides a stable output with high detection accuracy regardless of a fluctuation of a reference voltage accompanying a fluctuation of a power supply voltage. The angular rate detection apparatus includes at least a gyro sensor detection circuit connected to an oscillator, an A/D converter, a digital calculation device, and a reference voltage generation circuit. The gyro sensor detection circuit drives the oscillator, and detects an angular rate acting on the oscillator and outputs an analog detection signal. The A/D converter converts the output analog detection signal into a digital signal. The digital calculation device carries out a calculation based on the converted digital signal. The reference voltage generation circuit supplies a common reference voltage generation circuit supplies a common reference voltage to the gyro sensor detection circuit and the A/D converter.

Abstract: An accelerometer that has a cross coupling coefficient due to pendulum droop of the proof mass that is approximately equal and opposite in sign to a cross coupling coefficient due to resonator nonlinearity. The accelerometer includes a proof mass, a housing having at least two opposing interior walls, and one or more flexures for flexibly connecting the proof mass at a first end to a first one of the opposing walls of the housing. A first resonator is connected to a first surface of the proof mass at an end of the proof mass opposite the first end and to the housing wall that is not attached to the flexure. A second resonator is connected to a second surface of the proof mass and the housing wall that receives the first resonator. The second surface is on an opposite side of the proof mass as the first surface.

Abstract: A MEMS piezoelectric sensor comprises a plurality of capacitors some of which may be used for sensing and others used for feedback. The capacitors may be switched to connect or disconnect selected capacitors from the sensor. Embodiments convert a two port sensor into a four port sensor without significant changes in hardware design and improve SNR and correct for offset and out-of-axis errors due to process mismatch and variations.

Abstract: An accelerometer includes a substrate having a surface and a movable electrode. The movable electrode is mounted on the surface of the substrate and movable along an axis substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate in response to acceleration. A light-permeable region is defined in the movable electrode. A plurality of photosensitive regions and a plurality of non-photosensitive regions are defined in the surface of the substrate. The photosensitive regions and the non-photosensitive regions are spatially separated. The light-permeable region overlies only a portion of one of the non-photosensitive regions when at rest, and the light-permeable region overlies a portion of at least one of the photosensitive regions when the accelerometer is subjected to acceleration, such that the corresponding photosensitive region generates an output current.

Abstract: The acceleration sensor package comprises an acceleration sensor chip having a pad forming surface formed with a plurality of pads at at least one edge portion, a control chip having a terminal forming surface formed with connecting terminals, and a case body having a storage concave section for accommodating the acceleration sensor chip and the control chip therein and bottom face terminals respectively disposed at positions corresponding to the pads at a bottom face of the storage concave section. The pads of the acceleration sensor chip are respectively electrically connected to the bottom face terminals of the case body. A back surface located on the side opposite to the terminal forming surface, of the control chip is mated with its corresponding back surface located on the side of the pad forming surface, of the acceleration sensor chip.

Abstract: A pivoted acceleration sensor has a substrate that is substantially parallel to first and second surfaces. A reference frame is provided. A first unbalanced seismic mass is suspended within the reference frame and is coupled with the reference frame through first and second strain gauges. The first and second strain gauges are located along a pivot axis of the first unbalanced seismic mass. The first and second strain gauges are first and second piezoresistors on the first surface of the substrate, A second unbalanced seismic mass is flexibly coupled with the first unbalanced seismic mass. The second unbalanced seismic mass is suspended within the reference frame and is coupled with the reference frame through third and fourth strain gauges. The third and fourth strain gauges are located along a pivot axis of the second unbalanced seismic mass. The third and fourth strain gauges are third and fourth piezoresistors on the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor acceleration sensor includes an acceleration sensor chip that includes a weight portion, a base portion provided around the weight portion with a gap therebetween, and beam portions flexibly connecting the weight portion and the base portion; and a stopper plate that is provided above the acceleration sensor chip. The stopper plate includes: a plurality of fixing portions that are protrudingly provided at positions opposite to the base portion and are fixed to the base portion; first concave portions that are formed around the fixing portions at positions opposite to the weight portion and define the displacement of the weight portion; and a second concave portion that is formed at a position opposite to the beam portions and is deeper than the first concave portion.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes a weight portion; a frame portion disposed around the weight portion and away from the weight portion; a beam portion connecting the weight portion and the frame portion; and a stopper portion having a displacement restricting portion for restricting the weight portion from moving upwardly in a vertical direction and a flexible portion connected to the displacement restricting portion and away from the weight portion, the frame portion, and the beam portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining at least one characteristic of a fluid flowing within a pipe is provided. The fluid flow may include one or more liquid component bodies and one or more gas component bodies, which bodies occupy a substantial cross-sectional area of the pipe when passing a location in the pipe. The method includes, and the apparatus includes elements operable to perform, the steps of: 1) transmitting a signal into the fluid flow at the location within the pipe, and receiving the signal after it has traversed at least a portion of the fluid flow; 2) determining a time of flight of the signal traversing the fluid flow; 3) determining the presence of a liquid component body at the location in the pipe, using the determined time of flight; and 4) determining at least one characteristic of the fluid using fluid data generated if the liquid component body is present at the location.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging apparatus in which ultrasonic tomographic images can be obtained without repeating ultrasonic transmission/reception at many times while sequentially changing the direction of the ultrasonic beam.

Abstract: The present invention aims to obtain a rotary machine having a function to stably measure an amount of wear of a sliding surface in a sliding bearing with a high degree of accuracy. The present invention provides a rotary machine including: a shaft rotated by torque transmitted from a driving source; a bearing for supporting the shaft; an oil film portion formed between the shaft and the bearing; an ultrasound sensor to propagate an ultrasound pulse toward the sliding surface or the reference step surface provided opposite to the ultrasound sensor installation surface and to receive the ultrasound pulse reflected by the oil film portion; and a diagnostic unit to drive the ultrasound sensor to compare a prestored intensity of the ultrasound pulse in the oil film portion and an intensity of the ultrasound pulse reflected by the oil film portion.

Abstract: The apparatus and method prevent inspection omission when ultrasonic flaw detection using a transducer array is applied to inspection of a test object being conveyed at a high speed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a handler for testing electronic components, said handler comprising an acceleration device (1) provided with a tappet (3) which is linearly guided by means of at least one flat spring (6) comprising two groups of spring arms (9, 11), one group being fixed to the tappet (3) and the other group to a frame (7) which is stationary in relation to a housing (21) of the movement generation device (2).

Abstract: A pressure measurement arrangement for measuring a line pressure of a product is described wherein product hold-up inside of disposable parts is minimized, comprising: a reusable pressure sensor comprising a measurement diaphragm, a fitting, the fitting comprising: a tubular opening extending through said fitting, for the reception of a disposable elastomeric tube, an aperture extending through an outside wall of the fitting into the tubular opening; and mounting structure, for mounting the pressure sensor on the aperture, such that the measurement diaphragm is exposed to an inside of the tubular opening; wherein the disposable tube is inserted in the tubular opening of the fitting during measurement; and an outside wall of the disposable tube comprises a thin flexible portion, which conforms to the measurement diaphragm when the disposable tube is pressurized by the line pressure.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a housing; an attachment having a pressure input orifice communicating with an interior of the housing; a first diaphragm that seals an opening of the pressure input orifice of the attachment, an external surface of the first diaphragm being a pressure receiving surface; a force transmitting member having an end which is coupled approximately perpendicular to a main surface of the first diaphragm, the main surface being opposite from the pressure receiving surface; a swing arm which is joined to the force transmitting member and is held to a retainer at a pivoting point as a fulcrum; and a pressure sensing element having a first end coupled to the retainer and a second end coupled to the swing arm, so that a displacement direction of the force transmitting member is the same direction as a line joining the first end and the second end.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a housing; an attachment portion coupled to the housing and having a pressure input orifice; a diaphragm sealing the pressure input orifice of the attachment portion and having a first surface that is a pressure receiving surface; and a pressure sensitive unit having a detecting axis in a direction in which a force is detected. In the sensor, an end of the pressure sensitive unit is connected to a central area of a second surface of the diaphragm, another end of the pressure sensitive unit is connected to the housing, and the detecting axis is approximately orthogonal to the pressure receiving surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stress sensor to be combined with an assembled object of an input unit of an electronic device. The stress sensor includes a circuit substrate and a pointing operation element disposed on a surface of the circuit substrate. The circuit substrate is combined with an assembled object of an input unit by a connecting mechanism such that the circuit substrate is directly attached onto a surface of the assembled object. As a result, the overall height of the stress sensor and the assembled object is reduced in comparison with the prior art.

Abstract: A biosensor using a stress sensor, such as a FET device or a piezoresistive device, embedded in a MEMS structure and coated with hydrogel is provided. The MEMS structure comprises any structure with a flexible portion and may include a cantilever, beam, or plate. When the hydrogel swells due to the presence of an analyte, the hydrogel imparts stress on the MEMS structure which is then detected by the embedded stress sensor. A passivation layer may be included in between the MEMS structure and the hydrogel. The MEMS structure may further be coated with a second hydrogel.

Abstract: A device for the fixing of a prismatic mechanical test piece, which consists of two mechanisms that secure the test piece (7) on both sides, where each mechanism consists of two independent blocks (1 and 2), the second block (2) being displaceable in relation to the first (1), at least two rods (3) and a cylinder (4) for assisting the attachment between both blocks (1 and 2), a screw (5) for assuring the attachment between both blocks (1 and 2), and an adapter plate (6) which is adjusted to the second block (2) by means of a pin or bolt (8). Moreover, both blocks (1 and 2) have on the surface facing the test piece (7), an inclined plane (9) which has a grinding at each end in the form of a dovetail (10), such that the test piece (7) remains secured between the two grindings (10).

Abstract: Mass air flow sensing for internal combustion engines. In one aspect, a sensor adaptor for use in an internal combustion engine includes an inlet housing including an approximately 90-degree elbow and directing air within the inlet housing to the internal combustion engine in an airflow direction. A mass air flow sensor is coupled to the housing at a location after the 90-degree elbow with respect to the airflow direction and senses the air flowing within the inlet housing.