Abstract: A transfer apparatus and an organic deposition device have the same capability of increasing stability under high-temperature and high-vacuum environments. The organic deposition device includes: a vacuum chamber; a stage installed in the vacuum chamber and having a substrate seated thereon; a deposition source for evaporating an organic toward the substrate; a process utility line coupled to the deposition source and drawn out to the exterior of the vacuum chamber; and a transfer apparatus for moving the deposition source in a direction parallel to a direction of the substrate, and having the process utility line installed therein.

Abstract: The peeling-off of a deposited film caused by a carrier is restrained, and the exchange period of the carrier is prolonged. In a carrier 1 including a slider 7 having a mechanism for conveying a substrate holder 3 that supports a substrate 2, a deposition shield 20a, 20b that can cover the substrate holder 3 and has an opening equivalent to or larger than the substrate 2 on which a film is formed is installed on both surfaces of the substrate holder 3. At this time, the substrate holder 3, supporting claws 4, and fixing parts 6 are arranged so as to be hidden by the deposition shield 20. In a film forming chamber, to form a predetermined film on the substrate 2, the carrier 1 covered by the deposition shield 20 is exposed to a plasma space in the film forming chamber, and the film is formed. The deposition of film onto the substrate holder 3, the supporting claws 4, and the fixing parts 6 that are covered by the deposition shield 20 can be restrained.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus for performing an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is provided which includes a chamber body containing a substrate support, a lid assembly attached to the chamber body, a remote plasma system (RPS) in fluid communication with the reaction zone, a centralized expanding conduit extending through the lid assembly and expanding radially outwards, a first gas delivery sub-assembly configured to deliver a first process gas, and a second gas delivery sub-assembly configured to deliver a second process gas into the centralized expanding conduit. The first gas delivery sub-assembly contains an annular channel encircling and in fluid communication with the centralized expanding conduit, wherein the annular channel is adapted to deliver the first process gas through a plurality of passageways and nozzles and into the centralized expanding conduit. The second gas delivery sub-assembly contains a gas inlet in fluid communication to the centralized expanding conduit.

Abstract: A wafer carrier comprises a base and a shielding plate positioned on the top surface of the base in a disassembled manner. The top surface of the base is configured to retain a plurality of wafers, and the shielding plate has a plurality of openings exposing the wafers. In particular, the shielding plate shields one portion of the base other than the other portions occupied by the wafers to prevent the reaction gases from conducting the chemical reaction to generate the reactant directly on the surface of the base. Consequently, the base is isolated from the chemical reaction, and it is not necessary to replace the base before conducting the next fabrication process or to clean the reactants on the surface of the base by thermal baking or etching.

Abstract: A milking liner for an automated milking machine includes a barrel that moves between an uncollapsed position and a collapsed condition when it is subjected to a vacuum milking condition. The barrel defines at least three parallel channels open to the inner surface of the barrel. The configuration of the sidewall of the barrel and the channels cause the barrel to uniformly collapse when the barrel is subjected to a vacuum milking condition. In one configuration, ribs protrude from the barrel sidewall and define channels with the same wall thickness as the sidewall segments disposed between the ribs.

Abstract: A hummingbird feeder sized to be held in the hand of a user, the feeder being attached to a non-porous surface via a suction type cup and positioned such that hummingbirds have access to the nectar within the feeder. The cup has a wire member that functionally holds the feeder and allows it to be removed and held in the hand of a user when desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a floor material for pet animal urination, which has an effect to allow urine to pass through by suppressing speed and amount of urine absorption, as well as an effect of low water absorbency allowing to gradually absorb residual urine sweating the grain surface, which also has good shape retentivity so as not to be collapsed even if urine is absorbed, and thus which is highly suitable as a floor material for pet animal urination. There is provided a floor material for pet animal urination, wherein a surface of each of water-absorbing grains (1?) is coated by a slow water-semipermeable coating (6); and because of the slow water-semipermeable coating (6), urine is prompted to pass between the water-absorbing grains, and residual urine (8) sweating the surface of the water-semipermeable coating (6) is gradually absorbed into the water-absorbing grains (1?) through the water-semipermeable coating (6).

Abstract: The invention provides a particulate clumping animal litter material comprising bentonite dust, a filler material, and optionally a coagulant, wherein the material comprises 50-95 wt. % bentonite dust, wherein the particles of the particulate clumping animal litter material have a weight averaged particle size in the range of 0.25-8 mm and wherein the material has a bulk density equal to or less than 700 gram/l. The invention further provides a process for the production of the product. The product is light weight but still clumpable and scoopable. The product according to the invention eliminates odours quickly and naturally with no need for added chemicals or perfumes to mask odours. The filler material is a protein based foam.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing susceptibility to diabetes in a dog, the method comprising: (a) (i) detecting in a sample from the dog the presence or absence of a genotype in any one of the following immune system genes: CTLA-4, IGF-2, IL-1?, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1O, IL-12?, IFN?, PTPN3, PTPN15, PTPN22, TNF, or RANTES; and/or (ii) determining in a sample from the dog whether a genotype identified in Table 1 or 3A, or a genotype in linkage disequilibrium with said genotype identified in Table 1 or 3 A, is present in an insulin or IGF gene of the dog; and/or (iii) determining in a sample from the dog whether a genotype identified in Table 2 or 3B, or a genotype in linkage disequilibrium with said genotype identified in Table 2 or 3B, is absent in an insulin or IGF gene of the dog; and (b) thereby diagnosing whether the dog is susceptible to diabetes.

Abstract: An aquarium includes a receptacle having a chamber for receiving a water, a temperature control device having a heater coupled to a processor device for heating the water contained in the receptacle, a temperature detector for detecting the water temperature, a displayer for showing the detected water temperature, and a remote control device having a receiver coupled to the processor device and a signal emitter for being operated by a user to emit a control signal to the receiver and to actuate the processor device to operate the heater and to determine the required water temperature and to prevent the user from contacting the temperature control device for the aquarium.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aquarium with a water tank (2), filled with water (3) when in operation and containing objects for investigation (4, 19), in particularly biological organisms, said water tank (2) being at least partly located below ground in the earth (5). According to the invention, the water tank (2) runs so deep into the earth (5) that, at least the bottom of the water tank (2) is at the pressure of the deep sea. The invention further relates to a corresponding method of operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for displacing objects. The apparatus comprises a displaceable support and a holding device for holding objects that is fastened to the support (1). The holding device is detachably fastened to the support (1). An assembly of such an apparatus and a stable with a lying area and a walking area for calves and with a treatment place for calves. The holding device is a gripper or a container for holding a calf.

Abstract: A system and method for enticing pet play includes a pet amusement device having an arch-shaped rocking platform and a member attached to the rocking platform that has a track formed therein. The track, which is not a closed loop, extends from a first end of the member to a second end of the member. Engaged with the member is a moveable object that may move along the track that is formed therein.

Abstract: An animal leash includes an attachment strip and a safety handling grip. The attachment strip has an attaching end portion attaching to the animal, and a handling end portion extended from the attaching end portion to an animal owner. The safety handling grip includes a handle body rotatably coupled with the handling end portion of the attachment strip, and an elongated grip handle extended from the handle body for the animal owner to sufficiently and optimally grip on the elongated grip handle, in such a manner that when the animal causes the attachment strip to twist, the handle grip is adapted to rotate with respect to the attachment strip for substantially relieving a twisting force induced on the handling end portion of the attachment strip as a result of the animal movement, so as to avoid potential injury to a corresponding hand of the animal owner.

Abstract: An animal garment article and method are provided herein.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for operating a combustion system, such as a furnace or boiler. The method includes providing a burner system having one or more burner elements configured to combust solid fuel and one or more oxygen providing devices configured to introduce oxygen into the near burner zone of one or more burner flames. A sensor is provided and arranged and disposed to measure a flame parameter in the near burner zone of the burner flame associated with one or more the burner elements. The flame parameter is measured with the sensor and an oxygen flow is determined in response to the measured flame parameter. Oxygen flow is introduced to one or more locations in the combustion system with the one or more oxygen providing devices.

Abstract: A water heater includes an air intake assembly that includes a blower for providing primary and secondary air to a combustion chamber at pressures above atmospheric pressure. The primary air is mixed with gaseous fuel and the mixture is combusted at a burner in a partially premixed but substantially diffusion flame having an envelope. Combustion of the mixture is completed within the envelope in the presence of secondary air at elevated pressure. A 24 V controller provides power to a user interface and a powered anode in the tank. The controller receives input from a pressure sensor in the air intake assembly, a flame sensor in the combustion chamber, and a flammable vapor sensor outside the water heater. The controller controls operation of the blower and a gas valve. A flue and baffle arrangement in the tank causes products of combustion from the burner to lose pressure and vent at near atmospheric pressure at the top of the flue.

Abstract: A water heater. The water heater includes a water tank having a tank wall defining an interior space and adapted to contain water to be heated, a tank extension having an extension wall detachably mounted to the tank wall, the extension wall defining extension space communicating with the interior space, and defining an extension axis, an air inlet at least partially in the extension space extending through the extension wall at a radial angle to extension axis of tank extension, a combustor at least partially in the extension space and in fluid communication with the air inlet, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes configured to receive products of combustion from combustor and extending into interior space of the water tank. The extension space is configured to be flooded with water from the water tank.

Abstract: A method of controlling an apparatus for generating electric power and apparatus for use in said method, the apparatus comprising a gasifier for biomass material, such as waste, wood chips, straw, etc., said gasifier being of the shaft and updraft fixed bed type, which from the top is charged with the raw material for gasification and into the bottom of which gasifying agent is introduced, and a gas engine driving an electrical generator for producing electrical power, said gas engine being driven by the fuel gas from the gasifier. By supplying the produced fuel gas directly from the gasifier to the gas engine and controlling the production of the fuel gas in the gasifier in order to maintain a constant electrical output power, the necessity of using a gas holder between the gasifier and the gas engine is avoided.

Abstract: A cooling system for internal combustion engines provides directed flows of heated or cooled coolant to various engine components and/or accessories as needed. By providing directed flows, the overall coolant flow volume is reduced from that of conventional cooling systems, allowing for a smaller capacity water pump to be employed which results in a net energy savings for the engine. Further, by reducing the overall coolant flow volume, the hoses and/or galleries required for the directed flows are reduced from those of conventional cooling systems, providing a cost savings and a weight savings. Finally, by preferably employing an impellor type water pump, the expense of an electric water pump and its associated control circuitry can be avoided. The direct flows are established by a multifunction valve which, in a preferred implementation, comprises a two-plate valve wherein each plate is operated by a wax motor.

Abstract: A valve for the control of a gas stream is provided with a valve housing enclosing a valve chamber. At least one pressure-sided inlet and at least one suction-sided outlet is provided with a valve opening between them to link them. An elastically movable control membrane is arranged at the valve housing which reduces or increases the flow cross section in the area of the at least one valve opening and/or opens or closes the at least one valve opening. A first device exerts a first further force on the control membrane in such a way that with an increasing pressure difference the further force exerted by the first device on the control membrane in opposite direction to the closure direction of the valve increases.

Abstract: A valve train of an internal combustion engine is provided with a plurality of camshaft supports arranged on a support member of the engine, and a camshaft is supported on the camshaft supports. The camshaft has valve operating cams thereon for opening and closing engine valves of engine. A torque reducing mechanism is provided to apply a counter torque to the camshaft to suppress torque fluctuation of the camshaft caused by reaction forces applied to the cams by the engine valves. The torque reducing mechanism has a rotating member that rotates together with the camshaft, and a counterforce applying member for applying a counterforce to the rotating member to apply a counter torque to the camshaft. The counterforce applying member is supported on a connecting member connecting adjacent ones of the camshaft supports.

Abstract: A switchable valve train device including a pin housing slidably disposed in a body and having a transverse bore. A stepped plug in the transverse bore extends beyond the pin housing to engage a slot in the body to prevent rotation of the pin housing. The upper end of the slot limits travel of the pin housing. The plug is a seat for a compression spring. A locking pin is disposed in the transverse bore against the spring to selectively engage a locking port in the body, the locking pin and the locking port have mating flats to distribute the load. Mechanical lash is set by use of a gage tool during assembly, allowing selection of a locking pin of appropriate thickness. The device may be, for example, a switchable hydraulic lash adjuster or a switchable valve lifter.

Abstract: A valve operating system includes a cam and a roller follower. An input piston is spring-biased to follow motion of the roller follower. A hydraulic chamber filled with fluid selectively transfers motion from the input piston to an output piston operatively engaged with a poppet valve. A variable-bleed valve is in fluid communication with the hydraulic chamber and an outlet channel and configured to selectively vary a bleed rate between the hydraulic chamber and outlet channel. Displacement of the input piston into the hydraulic chamber causes movement of the output piston, depending on the bleed rate. A pushrod may transfer motion from the roller follower to the input piston. A hydraulic damping shoulder may restrict the closing velocity of the output piston. The system may be further characterized by an absence of a rocker arm. An auxiliary piston may replace the variable-bleed orifice in the lost-motion hydraulic linkage.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting a tow start operation of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle. In this case, a signal representing the activity and/or inactivity of a starter unit of the internal combustion engine is detected. A tow start operation of the internal combustion engine is determined when, following detection of a successful start-up process of the internal combustion engine, the signal representing the activity and/or inactivity of the starter unit has not displayed any activity of the starter unit since the beginning of the start-up process of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A rotary internal combustion engine including a housing structure defining a toroidal volume and including first and second housing sections, a rotor structure mounted for rotation in the housing structure and including first and second rotor members respectively that coact with first and second housing sections to define first and second toroidal cylinders. The intake and compression strokes are performed in the first toroidal cylinder and the resultant compressed charge being thereafter transferred by a transfer mechanism through a transfer passage to the second toroidal cylinder where combustion occurs and expansion and exhaust strokes are performed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a balancing shaft for a multi-cylinder engine having at least one unbalanced weight portion (21, 22; 23, 24) and at least one bearing (16, 17), the at least one unbalanced weight portion (21, 22; 23, 24) being associated with a bearing (16, 17), the bearing (16, 17) having a radial running face (18) which extends only partially over a periphery of the bearing (16, 17) and a centrifugal force which results during rotation of the balancing shaft (11) is situated within a region of the bearing (16, 17) that is formed by the running face (18) which extends partially over the periphery of the bearing (16, 17).

Abstract: A shaft (1a-d) is provided that is rotatably mounted by a journal (2) in a housing (4) in which lubricant mist is provided. One or several outward-extending ribs (6) extend between the journal and shaft sections (5a, 5b) adjacent to the journal. The shaft is mounted by the journal in the housing a rolling bearing (3) that is lubricated exclusively by the lubricant mist. At least one of the ribs associated with the journal extends at a certain angle of attack (11, 12) to the axis of rotation of the shaft and is used as a blade for conveying the lubricant mist into the rolling bearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy converter including a combustion cylinder having a valve that, as part of a valve/piston assembly, transfers the forces generated in the combustion chamber to an electrical linear actuator, and a sealingly engaged piston that by its motion relative to the valve opens and closes a port.

Abstract: A work vehicle operating in a highly contaminated environment has a radiator with a rotary screen debris removal device upstream of the radiator. The debris thus removed passes through a fan for disposal away from the work machine. The engine is an air breathing fuel consuming engine and has a pre-cleaner for removing larger particles of air delivered to the engine for combustion. A conduit extends from the intake air pre-cleaner to a venturi device adjacent to and upstream of the fan for continuously and effectively removing particles from the engine air pre-cleaner.

Abstract: A planetary engine includes a charge compression system for compressing a charge of air and/or an air and fuel mixture that is precompressed by rotation of the rotors and supplied into a combustion chamber through a rotary valve that may be actively adjusted during operation of the engine to vary the intake valve opening size and/or timing. Exhaust valves may likewise be actively adjustable rotary valves for further engine control. A compression insert mounted between the end wall assemblies absorbs combustion forces and provides rigidity to the engine, as well as occupies all or nearly all of the volume between the rotors at the minimum volume of the combustion chamber to improve the compression ratio of the engine.

Abstract: Particularly comprising a voltage oscillator (1) and triplicator (2) system, to be installed in a internal combustion engine (M) or similar, thus dispensing with the existing distributors and similar devices (not represented), which enables, through low or high voltage, the formation of a continuous electric arc inside the combustion chamber (3) that receives the mixture of air, additive water in the combustion, thus enabling the ozonization of the emulsion which, during the optimal compression breaks out the dielectric resistance, generating the discharge arc using a specific continuous ignition spark plug (V) activated by the fourth state of matter, i.e., plasma.

Abstract: A throttle valve device includes at least one throttle body (1, 2, 3), a throttle valve (4) and a throttle valve shaft (5), with which the throttle valve (4) is adjustably arranged in the throttle body (1, 2, 3). In order for these parts to be able to function more trouble free and be manufactured at a more favorable price, the throttle body comprises an inner cylinder (1) made of a hard, smooth material around which at least partially an outer cylinder (2) made of thermoplastics is formed.

Abstract: A method for determining the Ethanol content of the fuel in a motor vehicle uses the dependence of the lean-running limit of the internal combustion engine on the ethanol content of the fuel to determine the ethanol content, by the fact that the ethanol content is arrived at from the required reduction in the injected fuel quantity to reach the lean-running limit.

Abstract: A high pressure fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine is provided which can reduce shot-to-shot varieties in the quantity of fuel discharged by a high pressure fuel pump and fuel pressure pulsation, thereby realizing stable fuel combustion and emission performance. The fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine includes fuel injectors provided for a common rail and a high pressure fuel pump for pressure-feeding the fuel sent out from a low-pressure fuel pump to the common rail. The high pressure fuel pump includes a pressurized chamber, a plunger for pressurizing the fuel in the pressurized chamber, a fuel passage valve provided in the pressurized chamber, and an actuator for operating the fuel passage valve. The control system has a drive signal calculation unit which calculates a drive signal for driving the actuator so as to control the discharge quantity of the high pressure fuel pump and the pressure in the common rail.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus is configured to supply a gas engine with gas fuel in such a manner that tar separated from the gas fuel is guided to the engine. The apparatus includes a primary regulator and a secondary regulator formed integrally with the primary regulator. The primary regulator communicates with the secondary regulator through a gas passage. The secondary regulator is disposed below the primary regulator. The secondary regulator has a gas inlet for taking in the gas fuel and the tar that have passed from the primary regulator through the gas passage. The secondary regulator has an orifice disposed below the gas inlet for discharging the gas fuel and the tar. The tar separated from the gas fuel flows from the primary regulator through the gas passage and the gas inlet into the secondary regulator and discharged out of the orifice into the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injector (1) for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, said injector comprising a nozzle needle (4) which moves back and forth in an injector body (2) and/or in a nozzle body (3) in order to release and/or to close at least one injection opening (5) in the nozzle body (3). The movement of the nozzle needle (4) can be controlled by a control valve which co-operates with a control chamber (6). The control valve comprises a valve needle (7) which is guided back and forth and can be moved in relation to a sealing seat (8) in order to ventilate the control chamber (6) in a fuel return (8) when the valve needle (7) is lifted from the sealing seat (8). The valve needle (7) has a differential surface which enables the needle to be subjected to a fuel pressure and held in the direction of the sealing seat (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. According to the invention, an injection valve member, which opens or closes at least one injection opening, is controlled by a control valve. The control valve opens or closes a connection from a control chamber into a fuel return line by the positioning of a closing element in a seat or by the opening of the seat. A bore is embodied in the closing element, and a pin is received in the bore. The diameter of the bore essentially corresponds to the diameter of the seat. The pin is supported on one side against a pressure rod, against a spring seat, or against the injector housing.

Abstract: An electronic control unit corresponding to a fuel injection control apparatus measures an interval time in ignition signals input by wirings, detects an erroneous connection of wiring by comparing a combination of the measured interval times with a combination of interval times in the case that the wiring is in a correct connection in the same engine stroke, which is previously stored, corrects a setting in such a manner as to output the fuel injection signal to the same cylinder at the same timing as the case that the wiring is in the correct connection, by detecting the erroneous connection and stores the setting, and thereafter outputs a fuel ignition signal on the basis of the corrected setting.

Abstract: A feed unit for feeding fuel has a housing formed integrally with the casing of a swirl pot, the housing comprising a fine filter. The fine filter is configured open toward one side and is closed by a cover. The cover is formed integrally with a base plate sealing the casing of the swirl pot. As a result, the feed unit has a particularly low number of components to be assembled and can be produced in a particularly cost-effective way.

Abstract: An automatic residual fuel vent device for a carburetor, the device including a fuel supply passage (15) connecting a fuel tank (TF) and a float chamber (10), a negative pressure passage (17) connecting an intake passage (8) and a negative pressure operating chamber (53) of a diaphragm pump (PD), a fuel vent passage (16) connecting the float chamber (10) and the fuel tank (TF), a single changeover cock (CO) provided so as to straddle the fuel supply passage (16) and the negative pressure passage (17), a negative pressure surge tank (TS) provided in the negative pressure passage (17), and the diaphragm pump (PD), which is connected to the fuel vent passage (16) and is operated by negative pressure of the negative pressure surge tank (TS), residual fuel of the float chamber (10) being returned to the fuel tank (TF) by the diaphragm pump (PD) operated by negative pressure from the negative pressure surge tank (TS) in accordance with the changing over of the changeover cock (CO).

Abstract: A fuel vapor storage and recovery system of an internal combustion engine includes a fuel tank and a filter device arranged in a tank venting line. A heat exchanger is disposed in the tank venting line. The heat exchanger cools the fuel vapors flowing from the fuel tank to the filter device and heats air that is aspirated for scavenging the filter device.

Abstract: A control system comprising a detection module that detects at least one of a vehicle speed and an engine speed and a canister vent valve control module that selectively modulates the canister vent valve based on at least one of the vehicle speed and the engine speed. A method comprising detecting at least one of a vehicle speed and an engine speed and selectively modulating a canister vent valve based on at least one of the vehicle speed and the engine speed.

Abstract: A magnetic treatment and purification of fuel device contains a cylindrical body with an inlet pipe, and outlet pipe, and a magnetic system for treating fuel. The magnetic system comprises consecutive opposing pairs of C-shaped outer permanent magnets, installed in pairs along the body axis of the device and turned 90° with respect to a preceding pair of magnets and oriented with same poles facing each other, and additional spaced apart permanent cylindrical inner magnets residing coaxial and inside the C-shaped outer permanent magnets with same poles facing each other. The fuel flows through an annular path between the inner and out magnets and is thereby treated to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus heats fluid in a passage to a target temperature. The fluid heating apparatus includes a fluid heating unit that heats the fluid, a fluid temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the fluid, and a pressure control unit that controls a pressure in the passage such that the pressure becomes equal to a target pressure. While the fluid in the passage is heated to the target temperature and when a temperature estimated from the thermal conductivity and specific heat is not increased, the pressure control unit increases the target pressure. According to a fluid heating method, when the fluid is heated by the fluid heating apparatus, the pressure control unit controls the pressure of the fluid such that the pressure becomes equal to or higher than a critical pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fuel, in particular alcohol, for the operation of combustion engines. The latter can be operated with alcohol or with an alcohol/gasoline mixture. The apparatus for heating fuel is integrated into the injection system of the combustion engine operable with alcohol or with an alcohol/gasoline mixture. The apparatus comprises a thin-walled heating tube that is received in a housing and surrounds a heating element. The heating element is produced from a material that exhibits a considerable rise in its electrical resistance with increasing temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine, a controllable exhaust gas recirculation valve for controlling an exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas cooler for cooling the exhaust gas flow, and a bypass device which has a bypass pipe arranged parallel with the exhaust gas cooler, by means of which pipe the exhaust gas flow can be fed at least partially past the exhaust gas cooler, and which has a controllable bypass switch which is arranged inside a valve housing of the exhaust gas recirculation valve. The invention also relates to a vehicle.

Abstract: A blowby gas returning apparatus is mounted in an engine provided with a turbocharger in an intake passage and provided with a blowby gas returning passage for flowing blowby gas generated in the engine to return to the engine. This apparatus comprises an intake bypass passage connecting an upstream side and a downstream side of the intake passage with respect to the turbocharger, and a jet pump for generating negative pressure in the intake bypass passage. An exit of the first blowby gas returning passage is connected to the intake bypass passage through the jet pump. The apparatus further includes a second blowby gas returning passage connecting the intake passage downstream of the throttle valve to a head cover. In the head cover, a PCV valve is placed at an entrance of the second blowby gas returning passage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a breather assembly for use in an internal combustion engine and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. In at least one embodiment, the breather assembly includes an input chamber for receiving blow-by gas, the input chamber bounded at least partially by a crankcase exterior, and a standpipe situated inside the input chamber for directing blow-by gas into the input chamber. Additionally, the breather assembly can include an input drainback passage situated inside the input chamber and an output chamber situated adjacent the input chamber, the chamber having an inner wall with a one-way valve that allows blow-by gas to flow from the input chamber to the output chamber. The breather assembly can also include an output drainback aperture situated in the inner wall and an output chamber housing that substantially encloses the output chamber and includes an exhaust port for exhausting blow-by gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a conversion system for engines that use mixtures of fuels based on methanol and an oil mixture, which enables said two-stroke engines to be operated with gasoline. The conversion is performed by a system using an intelligent device which, in accordance with the engine operating parameters, adapts the situation such that the fuel (gasoline) in the engines is or is not ignited.