Abstract: To increase the function and safety of a weapon, it is proposed that the molded part, as connecting site particularly between a projectile and a preferably combustible sleeve containing a driving mechanism, be constructed in such a way that, in a predefined region, said molded part has a felt with an energetic material and/or an inert material.

Abstract: A jacketed bullet has a core of a dense metal or metal alloy, an inner jacket at least partially surrounding and bonded to the core; and an outer jacket at least partially surrounding the inner jacket and core.

Abstract: A squib includes a cup body and a closure plug for holding a plurality of electrode pins insulated from one another and closing the opening of the cup body, and further includes, in the cup body, ignition powder and an ASIC component formed by molding a resin around electric circuits including an ASIC and a capacitor, a heating element connected to the ASIC and located at the top of the resin molding of the ASIC component, and connection electrodes located at the bottom of the resin molding for connecting the ASIC to the electrode pins. The squib includes a cylindrical metal fixture having at the center of its top an opening of a size sufficient to expose the heating element and being fixed to the closure plug in a state covering the top circumferential periphery and side surface of the ASIC component and pushing the connection electrode of the ASIC component against the electrode pins.

Abstract: For the controlled lowering of a track, a longitudinal inclination of the track is determined at a rear tracing point of a measuring system and stored. For a length reaching back at least 10 meters, a current vertical profile is formed, and a rear compensation straight line is calculated which is superimposed upon the vertical profile and renders a target track position. The rear tracing point is guided by calculation along the rear compensation straight line, so that a compensation value for the position of the measuring chord ensues at a middle tracing point positioned between the rear tracing point and a front tracing point.

Abstract: A docking station for a monorail carrier system is provided. The carrier system includes a trolley that is configured to repositionably support a payload, and is adapted for interactive movement along a transfer bridge. The docking station includes a receiver plate having a rail-side portion perpendicularly oriented with a first interface portion that has one or more magnets attached thereto. A clamp assembly is attached to the rail-side portion, and operates to fasten the receiver plate to the transfer bridge at a predetermined location. The docking station also includes a docking plate having a trolley-side portion configured to securely attach to the trolley, and a second interface portion perpendicularly oriented with the trolley-side portion. The second interface portion is configured to magnetically cooperate with the first interface portion and thereby temporarily suspend the trolley at the predetermined location.

Abstract: A cable railway system has two or more stations and at least one carrying cable and a conveying cable extending between the stations and guided in the stations by way of deflection pulleys. At least one of the pulleys is driven. Vehicles, such as cable cars or chairs, may be boarded or disembarked from in the stations by the passengers. The system may also have one or more fixed carrying cables along which the cars are moved by way of one or more hauling cables. At least one device is associated with the vehicles along the section of the cable railway system, by way of which device the pendulum movements that the vehicles are subject to transversely relative to the direction of movement of the vehicles are detectable and its output signals are conducted to a device that controls the drive of the cable railway system. The drive is thereby controllable in dependence on the extent of the pendulum movements.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that protect cement compositions from corrosion, particularly from wet carbon dioxide, are provided. A soluble salt additive is provided to react with reaction products generated during the reactions that occur when cement is exposed to wet carbon dioxide. The soluble salt reacts to form an insoluble salt that forms a protective layer on the surface of the cement that protects it from further corrosion from exposure to wet carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an animal blood adhesive and the resulting adhesive composition. The adhesive is made by adding to fresh, whole animal blood, without dewatering the blood, an anticoagulant and a preservative. Lime is then added to the anticoagulated, preserved blood, and the pH is adjusted to between about 9 and about 11. A curing agent (such as potassium silicate, sodium silicate and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate) and ammonia are then added to the mixture to yield the animal blood adhesive. The adhesive can be made from any animal blood, such as bovine, porcine, or avian blood. The resulting adhesive is useful for adhering wood-based products, such as plywood and particle board.

Abstract: A carbon black aqueous dispersion which has excellent dispersibility in an aqueous medium and is suitable as an aqueous black ink such as an inkjet printer ink, and a method of producing the same. The carbon black aqueous dispersion includes an aqueous medium and a carbon black pigment dispersed in the aqueous medium, wherein some or all of hydrogen atoms of acidic groups produced by liquid-phase oxidation of the carbon black are replaced with a basic amino acid salt group by neutralization with a basic amino acid. The method of producing a carbon black aqueous dispersion includes subjecting carbon black to liquid-phase oxidation, removing reduced salts from the resulting slurry, neutralizing the slurry with a basic amino acid to replace some or all of hydrogen atoms of acidic groups with a basic amino acid salt group to form a basic amino acid salt compound, and purifying the resulting product.

Abstract: A curable pigment inkjet ink set includes mprg a cyan inkjet ink, a yellow inkjet ink, and a magenta inkjet ink, wherein the yellow inkjet ink having ABS(Y)500-530<5 and ABS(Y)400-500>60 includes one or more yellow pigments; the cyan inkjet ink includes one or more ?-copper phthalocyanine pigments; and the magenta inkjet ink contains a mixed crystal including a first quinacridone and a second quinacridone in a ratio of the first quinacridone over the second quinacridone such that ABS(M)500-530>20 and ABS(M)500-600>60, ABS(Y)500-530 represents the absorbance of the yellow inkjet ink between 500 and 530 nm in a normalized absorption spectrum of the yellow ink; ABS(M)500-530 represents the absorbance of the magenta inkjet ink between 500 and 530 nm in a normalized absorption spectrum of the magenta ink; ABS(Y)400-500 represents the absorbance of the yellow inkjet ink between 400 and 500 nm in a normalized absorption spectrum of the yellow ink; and ABS(M)500-600 represents the absorbance of the magen

Abstract: Precursors useful for vapor phase deposition processes, e.g., CVD/ALD, to form metal-containing films on substrates. The precursors include, in one class, a central metal atom M to which is coordinated at least one ligand of formula (I): wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are each independently H or ogano moieties; and G1 is an electron donor arm substituent that increases the coordination of the ligand to the central metal atom M; wherein when Ga is aminoalkyl, the substituents on the amino nitrogen are not alkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloaliphatic, or aryl, and are not connected to form a ring structure containing carbon, oxygen or nitrogen atoms. Also disclosed are ketoester, malonate and other precursors adapted for forming metal-containing films on substrates, suitable for use in the manufacture of microelectronic device products such as semiconductor devices and flat panel displays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluoride-free solidification and hardening accelerator for hydraulic binders, comprising sulfate, aluminium and organic acid, the molar ratio of aluminium to sulfate being less than 0.83.

Abstract: Embodiments of a portable multi-use folding working platform for use with portable electronic devices and/or for increasing comfort of a user while traveling are herein provided. In one embodiment, the portable multi-use folding working platform includes two rigid components hingedly connected and adapted to close into a folded state or to open into an expanded state. The platform may include at least one extractable accessory holder or tray having at least one opening for receiving and holding one or more objects such as a pen, a cup or the like. The device may include a compressible padding on an interior surface. The platform may include one or more openings for ventilation purposes or for receiving an adjustable strap.

Abstract: A folding workbench includes a rectangular benchtop frame and first and second leg assemblies pivotably coupled to the frame. Each leg assembly includes first and second legs coupled to respective side rails of the frame, the leg assembly rotatable between a folded position, in which the leg assembly lies substantially within the benchtop frame, and an open position in which the leg assembly extends from the benchtop frame at about a 90 degree angle. Each leg assembly includes a shelf bracket extending between the first and second legs, with a notch extending lengthwise in the shelf bracket. With the leg assemblies in their open positions, a shelf assembly extends between and engages the notches of the shelf brackets, preventing rotation of the leg assemblies away from their open positions. Ends of the legs can be shaped to bind against the frame at selected positions, to provide detents to hold the leg assemblies in their folded or open positions.

Abstract: A furnace includes a primary and secondary combustion chamber. Heated air from the secondary combustion chamber travels through a vertically-oriented set of flues, and two horizontally-oriented sets of flues before exiting through a chimney.

Abstract: A grate assembly for a fluidized bed reactor includes a plurality of parallel air ducts extending side-by-side in a substantially horizontal plane and defining spaces therebetween through which coarse material from the fluidized bed descends. A plurality of nozzle assemblies is attached to each air duct for supplying fluidizing air from within the air duct into the fluidized bed. Each of the nozzle assemblies includes a nozzle formed from a tube having an inlet end in fluid communication with the air duct, and an outlet end in fluid communication with the inlet end. An orifice is disposed at the outlet end of the nozzle, and the nozzle is bent proximate the outlet end to direct a primary direction of a stream of fluidizing air flowing from the orifice toward the air duct such that an angle ? between the primary direction and the substantially horizontal plane formed by the air ducts is between about 30 to about 90 degrees.

Abstract: A burner includes a primary air-coal mixture duct coaxially extended through a secondary air wind box, a pulverized coal separator supported within the primary air-coal mixture duct, a secondary air duct including an inner secondary air duct and an outer secondary air duct coaxially formed around the primary air-coal mixture duct, a primary air-coal mixture conical outlet coupled with the outlet of the primary air-coal mixture duct, and inner secondary air and outer conical outlets coupled with the outlets of the inner secondary air and outer secondary air ducts respectively. The conical outlets are arranged to delay the mixing time of the primary air-coal mixture and secondary air flows through the primary air-coal mixture and secondary air ducts and to prolong the residence time in the center recirculation zone under the reduction ability so as to effectively reduce the formation of NOx.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device to be used for the mechanized distribution of natural antagonists for the treatment of crops grown in greenhouse or in open field, under organic and/or integrated regimen, improving uniformity of distribution and concomitantly reducing the time spent in the distribution, with respect to other known systems in the current state of the art.

Abstract: A method of assembling a prosthetic valve using sheets of material, such as pericardium material, polymer or bioengineered film, or other material. The method provides an accurate and repeatable system of making pericardial valves in which sheets or pieces of material are held securely in place relative to each other throughout the steps of assembling the valve. In addition, methods of the present invention include maintaining consistent alignment of the fixtures and pericardium material throughout the valve assembly process and utilize features that make the tooling components easy to assemble and handle. Certain aspects of the invention can be used to help establish a repeatable sewing and cutting technique for creating a pattern shape for valve leaflets, establishing stitch lengths, and determining the exact placement of stitches.

Abstract: A tank (10) of a ship (1) is provided with an inflow port (6) and an outflow port (7) opening through a bottom of the ship (13). The inflow and outflow ports are spaced apart from each other in a headway direction of the hull. The ports are equipped with closure means (9), which closes the ports so as to ensure hull buoyancy by means of air in the tank. The ports allow seawater outside the ship to flow into the tank through the inflow port and the seawater in the tank to flow out of the ship through the outflow port, with use of headway motion of the ship. A partition (2) provides a weir extending in a widthwise direction of the hull in the tank, and divides a region in the tank into an inflow area (3) and an outflow area (4). The tank, partition, inflow port, outflow port and closure means constitute a ship buoyancy control system.

Abstract: An installation and methods for recovering and/or launching a surface marine vehicle or an underwater vehicle (1), in particular an AUV, from a recovery base (5). The installation comprises a floating cage (10) defining a housing (16) in which at least a portion of said vehicle (1) can penetrate, first puller means mounted on said cage and capable of pulling said vehicle into said housing, via a first flexible connection, typically a cable (22), and second puller means (7) for mounting on the recovery base (5) and capable of pulling said cage via a second flexible connection (9, 70) distinct from the first.

Abstract: A rowing boat foot support assembly is provided with a support member, a shoe attachment member and a release trigger mechanism. The support member is configured to be coupled to a rowing boat. The shoe attachment member is pivotally supported on the support member. The shoe attachment member includes a base portion and a movable fixing portion that is movably arranged with respect to the base portion between a shoe retaining position and a shoe releasing position. The release trigger mechanism is provided between the support member and the movable fixing portion to move the movable fixing portion from the shoe retaining position to the shoe releasing position.

Abstract: A convertible deck arrangement is provided for a boat including a passenger area having a periphery and an interior region within the periphery. A portion of the passenger area includes a deck arrangement area bounded in part by the periphery of the passenger area. The convertible deck arrangement includes: horizontal seating surfaces, positioned at the periphery of the passenger area and within the deck arrangement area; deck elements; and pivot mounts, for allowing the deck elements to be pivoted relative to the horizontal seating surfaces. The deck elements can be pivoted between a first configuration and a second configuration. When the deck elements are in the first configuration, the deck elements are vertically positioned adjacent to a vertical wall below the horizontal seating surfaces and seats are formed within the deck arrangement area.

Abstract: The below waterline region (L.W.L.) is divided into an upper region (R1) near to a waterline, and a lower region (R2) near to a ship's bottom. In the upper region (R1) and the lower region (R2), the microbubble generators (10) are arranged, and the supply form of the air to the microbubble generators (10) differs for each region (R1) and (R2). That is, supply of the air to the microbubble generators 10 arranged to an upper region (R1) is performed through the air supply pipe 3, one end of the air supply pipe 3 is opened to the atmosphere and supply of the air to the microbubble generators 10 arranged to a lower regions (R2) is performed through the branch pipe 6 from the pipe 5 from the assist compressor 4. That is, supply of air to the microbubble generators 10 arranged in lower region (R2) is performed through pipes of closed system instead of opened to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing liquid within a storage tank such that a natural resonance of fluid motion of the stored fluid falls between natural resonance periods of a floating vessel that includes the storage tank. As a result, resonant energy of the floating vessel imparted to fluid stored in the storage tank may be controlled and sloshing loads may be reduced, thereby avoiding damage to the floating vessel.

Abstract: After melting raw materials, a distance between a raw material melt surface and a heat-shielding member disposed so as to face to the melt surface is adjusted based on temporal changes in chamber inside conditions, such as the heater temperature at the time of completion of the seed crystal equilibration operation carried out after completion of the raw material melting procedure and/or lag time required for completion of the seed crystal equilibration operation following completion of the raw material melting procedure. As a result, single crystals can be produced efficiently and in high yield, and further, by controlling the crystal interior temperature gradient by modifying the distance between the melt surface and the heat-shielding member, it becomes possible to control the ratio V/G (V:pulling speed, G:crystal interior temperature gradient) to thereby produce single crystals free of crystal defects such as COPs and/or dislocation clusters.

Abstract: A physical vapor transport system includes a growth chamber charged with source material and a seed crystal in spaced relation, and at least one capsule having at least one capillary extending between an interior thereof and an exterior thereof, wherein the interior of the capsule is charged with a dopant. Each capsule is installed in the growth chamber. Through a growth reaction carried out in the growth chamber following installation of each capsule therein, a crystal is formed on the seed crystal using the source material, wherein the formed crystal is doped with the dopant.

Abstract: A method of providing an extruded tire tread (T) with anti-static properties. In this method, a pin (10) is coated with an electrically conductive material (M). The coated pin (10) pierces the tire tread (T) to form an opening (12) of the desired depth and then is withdrawn. During withdrawal of the pin (10), the material (M) remains in the pierced opening (12) so that a conductive body (14) is formed in the tire tread (T). The pin (10) can then be re-coated with the material (M) and the cycle repeated to produce a plurality of conductive bodies (14) in the tire tread (T).

Abstract: The problem regarding volatileness of a solvent in an EL forming material, which occurs in adopting printing, are solved. An EL layer is formed in a pixel, portion of a light emitting device by printing. Upon formation of the EL layer, a printing chamber is pressurized to reach a pressure equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the printing chamber is filled with inert gas or set to a solvent atmosphere. Thus the difficulty in forming an EL layer by printing is eliminated.

Abstract: A curtain coater for coating a substrate, comprising: a nozzle system for creating a curtain of at least one coating fluid dropping onto the substrate, a porous curtain guide structure, which has a guide surface for providing a lateral guiding action for the curtain, which cambers round convexly towards the curtain across a width extending beyond the thickness of the curtain measured transversely to the curtain, at least one cavity extending in the longitudinal direction of the curtain guide structure for an auxiliary fluid to be guided on the guide surface and a cavity wall surrounding the cavity, of which the curtain guide structure forms only a circumferential segment, and the circumferential segment bounding the cavity is a part of an external contour of the curtain guide structure extending about a longitudinal axis of the curtain structure.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention an immersion bath roll is suggested for an immersion bath with liquid metal with a roll body (2), extending along a longitudinal axis (A), as well as essentially cylindrical bearing journals (3) for the cooperation with bearing sleeves for the mounting of the immersion bath roll (1, 1a, 1b), wherein each bearing journal (3) possesses at least one groove (4), which extends in the circumferential over the total circumference of the bearing journal (3), and which is filled with a protective layer (41) produced by thermal spraying.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a method for depositing films or layers using a UV source during a photoexcitation process. The films are deposited on a substrate and usually contain a material, such as silicon (e.g., epitaxy, crystalline, microcrystalline, polysilicon, or amorphous), silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or other silicon-containing materials. The photoexcitation process may expose the substrate and/or gases to an energy beam or flux prior to, during, or subsequent a deposition process. Therefore, the photoexcitation process may be used to pre-treat or post-treat the substrate or material, to deposit the silicon-containing material, and to enhance chamber cleaning processes.

Abstract: A system for coating a printing material with a fluid includes a printing press. The printing press includes a metering apparatus for metering the fluid, which is disposed within the printing press, an intermediate storage container for the intermediate storage of the fluid, which is disposed within the printing press, and a first delivery pump for delivering the fluid from the intermediate storage container to the metering apparatus, which first delivery pump is disposed within the printing press. The metering apparatus, the intermediate storage container and the first delivery pump together form a circuit. A supply storage container stores the fluid and a second delivery pump delivers the fluid from the supply storage container to the intermediate storage container.

Abstract: A holding device is presented in which a layer which is to be oxidized is processed, in a single-substrate process. The process temperature during the processing is recorded directly at the substrate or at a holding device for the substrate. The process includes introducing a substrate, which bears a layer to be oxidized uncovered in an edge region in a layer stack, into a heating device, passing an oxidation gas onto the substrate, heating the substrate to a process temperature, which is recorded during the processing via a temperature of the holding device which holds the substrate, and controlling the substrate temperature to a desired temperature or temperature curve during the processing.

Abstract: A plural gas distribution system is presented. The system includes a chamber and a showerhead. The chamber is configured to contain and to exhaust a plurality of gases. The showerhead includes at least one multi-channel gas delivery tube with at least two sub-tubes within the multi-channel gas delivery tube, wherein the at least two sub-tubes are configured to simultaneously expel gases unmixed into the chamber.

Abstract: A process and an arrangement by means of which it is possible to generate a layer system for the protection against wear, for the protection against corrosion and for improving the sliding properties or the like, which has an adhesive layer for the arrangement on a substrate, a transition layer for the arrangement on the adhesive layer and a cover layer of an adamantine carbon, the adhesive layer including at least one element from the Group which contains the elements of the 4th, 5th and 6th Subgroup and silicon, the transition layer comprising carbon and at least one element from the above-mentioned Group, and the cover layer consisting essentially adamantine carbon, the layer system having a hardness of at least 15 GPa, preferably at least 20 GPa, and an adhesion of at least 3 HF.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a milking system for creating a required vacuum level, the milking system comprising at least two variable speed vacuum pumps P1, P2. The method comprises the steps of: utilizing a first variable speed vacuum pump P1 for creating the required vacuum level within the milking system; monitoring the vacuum level requirement within the milking system, and when the vacuum level requirement of the milking system is such that the speed of the first variable speed vacuum pump P1 reaches a first speed threshold then: starting a second variable speed vacuum pump P2, and running the first and second variable speed vacuum pumps P1, P2 in parallel for creating the required vacuum level. The invention also relates to computer program products.

Abstract: A car dog seat having a cantilever support that engages the rear surface of the seat back and a frame that abuts the front surface of that seat back. The frame supports a basket which can support a small to medium-sized dog. The support may be removable, either to reorient as a handle for extra-vehicular activities or to convert the car dog seat into a dog bed at home or at a travel destination. Alternatively, the support may be reconfigurable as a handle. The frame and support are covered with a plurality of fabric coverings. A short leash is supplied, attached to the frame, to retain the dog in the car dog seat.

Abstract: An automated feeding apparatus for animals includes a compartmented feed storage container provided with an upper hinged access door for charging the feed into the compartments, which are provided with automatically or manually operable discharge doors. The container is so dimensioned that the discharge doors in their closed and open positions are shielded from an animal feeding from the apparatus. A deflector plate is disposed beneath the discharge doors and is so mounted as to allow and accommodate unintended movement thereof, for example movement occasioned by an animal.

Abstract: A dog leash handle assembly is provided with containers for dog food and water which are removeably attached to the assembly. Thus, the dog owner has a single assembly including the leash and provisions for the dog which are readily transported. The assembly also provides a place for the storage of clean up bags and other items. The handle assembly further includes has a mechanism for attaching to the loop handle of a typical dog leash but may also be used with a retractable leash.

Abstract: An identification and sampling device, in particular for animals, comprises an ear tag and a sample container. The ear tag comprises a male part, which includes a shaft and a tip, and a female part, which can be latched with the male part. The sample container includes a receiving space for a sample and a punch.

Abstract: A submersible offshore marine aquaculture apparatus comprises a lower frame configured to suspend plumb bobs therefrom and to form a lower shape of the apparatus; and an upper frame configured to form an upper shape of the apparatus, and to support nets together with the lower frame. The upper frame includes a rim structure having an inner space to accommodate seawater or air therein, a fixed buoyant body disposed at the inner space of the rim structure so as to maintain a constant buoyancy (B0), and one or more valves configured to open and close the inner space of the rim structure so as to vary a buoyancy (B1) of the rim structure.

Abstract: A nested pair of perforated containers floats partially submerged in seawater, tethered to a fixed object such as a dock or pier. The inner container is partially filled with oyster spat, closed and laid within the outer container which is then closed and secured. The immature oysters are protected from predators and immersed in the upper 24 inches of seawater where optimum growing conditions exist. Floatation attached to the outer container maintains the top at the water's surface and replaceable filter material around the outside periphery absorbs harmful oils and chemicals. Periodically the inner container is removed, opened and the grown oysters are harvested or dumped onto an oyster bed and the process is repeated.

Abstract: An air duct comprises a duct wall bounding an airflow channel that extends through the air duct along a flow path. The airflow channel has a plurality of cross-sections that are bounded by the duct wall and that are perpendicular to the flow path. A first one of the cross-sections has an aspect ratio that is less than two. A second one of the cross-sections has an aspect ratio that is greater than four and a minimum dimension that is less than three-quarters of an inch. A third one of the cross-sections has an aspect ratio that is less than two. The second cross-section is positioned between the first and third cross-sections along the flow path. The air duct channels air beneath a door, thereby allowing a vacuum or blower tool to operate in one room while the vacuum or blower device operating the tool operates in a different room.

Abstract: An animal restraint apparatus according to the present invention includes a longitudinal rail and a trolley adapted to be slidably disposed on the rail. The trolley provides a leash hitch to which an animal may be coupled. An animal restraint system according to the present invention includes a longitudinal rail, which may include a plurality of joined rail sections, mounted to a support structure and a trolley slidably disposed on the rail. A method according to the present invention of restraining animals includes the steps of providing a longitudinal rail and a trolley slidably disposed on the rail, anchoring the rail to a support structure, and coupling an animal to the trolley, thereby allowing the animal to roam within a predetermined envelope of movement.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are provided of a system for managing slack in a leash, such as when the leash is attached to a collar worn by an animal. In one exemplary embodiment, the system generally includes an elastic adapter and at least one eyelet operatively associated with the elastic adapter member. The eyelet includes an opening therethrough configured to frictionally receive at least a portion of the leash therein. A first member is adjacent a proximal end portion of the elastic adapter for anchoring, attaching, or engaging to the leash. A second member is adjacent a distal end portion of the elastic adapter for anchoring, attaching, or engaging to the leash.

Abstract: An application for a method of heating water includes transferring the water from a water supply into an inner tank of the water heater which is held within an outer tank, transferring the water from the inner tank into an outer tank and then to supply a building with hot water. The water in the outer tank is heated with hot gasses, partially cooling to intermediate temperature gasses. The water in the inner tank is heated with the intermediate temperature gasses, further cooling the intermediate temperature gasses into cooler gasses that are then exhausted out of the water heater.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator for use with an engine is disclosed. The hydrogen generator has an exhaust duct situated to receive exhaust from the engine, and an SCR device located within the exhaust duct. The hydrogen generator also has a housing in fluid communication with the exhaust duct upstream of the SCR device, an electrolyte solution disposed within the housing, and a plurality of electrodes at least partially submerged in the electrolyte solution. The electrodes are electrically powered to produce hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas is directed to mix with the exhaust.

Abstract: The method consists of replacing the exhaust pipe directly below the exhaust manifold of an engine with an expanded exhaust pipe that encases the water dissociation device (9), consisting of a long, spirally formed super heater, preferably stainless steel tubing (7) to have vast area of contact to maximize heat transfer to the passing water. The spirally formed tubing causes the passing water to turbulently move in circular manner, superheat, exert great pressure on the inner wall of the superheater tubing, discharges and expands in the large dissociation chamber (9) into its constituents hydrogen and oxygen gases that are immediately sucked into the combustion chamber of the engine to cause efficient combustion of the fuel, reduce emission, add power and speed, increase mileage and release oxygen.

Abstract: A method includes mixing air and converted fuel from an on-board fuel converter in a fuel mixer to form an air-converted fuel mixture, the air-converted fuel mixture includes a short chain hydrocarbon; mixing the air-converted fuel mixture with a high specific heat diluent to form an air-diluent-converted fuel mixture; mixing the air-diluent-converted fuel mixture with a first amount of fuel to form a homogenous mixture. A system and article are included.