Abstract: The disclosed is a method of manufacturing a silica glass crucible for pulling silicon single crystals. In the method, reduced pressure is imparted from the inner surface to the outer surface of a crucible-shaped molded product and the crucible-shaped molded product is arc-fused while rotating the same to form a silica glass crucible with a transparent layer on the inner surface side and a bubble layer on the outer surface side. The inner surface of the wall portion of the silica glass crucible is fused a second time by arc fusion to cause bubbles present in the transparent layer of the inner surface of the wall portion to be displaced toward the bottom portion of the inner surface of the wall portion. The inner surface of the bottom portion of the silica glass crucible is fuse a second time by arc fusion to cause bubbles present in the transparent layer of the inner surface of the bottom portion to be displaced toward the periphery of the inner surface of the bottom portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a night glow glass includes the steps of manufacturing a small glass frit, combining a luminescent material, manufacturing a large glass frit, shaping a night glow glass and annealing, such that the luminescent material is wrapped in a glass wall of the night glow glass to prevent a color fade of the luminescent material and extend the expiration date of the night glow glass. The night glow glass of the invention can be applied in a table lamp, a garden lamp and a glass lamp house for various different illumination devices, or a decoration having a night glow effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for doping and/or colouring glass. In the method a two- or three-dimensional layer is formed on the surface of the glass, and the layer is further allowed to diffuse and/or dissolve into the glass to change the transmission, absorption, reflection and/or scattering of the electromagnetic radiation of the glass. The layer of nanomaterial includes at least one component that causes the above-mentioned change and at least one component that lowers the melting point of the above-mentioned component causing the change.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and products relate to drawing and blowing of ultra thin glass substrates, such as flexible display glass sheets, for example, organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and/or other flexible substrate applications, such as lighting, and/or other technologies, such as electro-wetting (EW), electro-phoretic display applications, etc. A localized heat source centripetally heats a vertical glass pre-form, while a pressurized air source blows the heated glass to expansion. An air bearing may centripetally blow air against the expanding pre-form to limit expansion and prevent contact of the pre-form with the localized heat source. Meanwhile, the pre-form is pulled vertically to draw the heated glass. The pre-form may float in a floatation mechanism to compensate for gravity when the pre-form is pulled upward. The blown and drawn pre-form may be cooled, coated with a polymer layer, and cut into a ribbon by in-line devices as it exits the air bearing.

Abstract: In a process for a thin-plate form glass molded body, an upper mold part having a pressing surface is used together with a lower mold part having a setting surface arranged to be opposed to the pressing surface. A melted glass lump is pressed between the pressing surface and setting surface. The pressing is performed to set the temperature (° C.) of the thin-plate form glass molded body to a temperature of Tg?20 or higher, and lower than Tg, wherein Tg represents the glass transition point (° C.) of the glass, in a period of 0.8 second or less after the end of the pressing.

Abstract: The invention in one aspect is directed to a silica-titania glass have reduced striae and reduced inclusions, the glass have a point-to-point variation in titania content is 0.1 wt % or less through its thickness and a CTE of 0±3 ppb/° C. in the temperature range 5-35° C. The invention is further directed to a method for producing by using a method in which the time for repetition of the oscillation patterns used in the process are 10 minutes or less during preparation of the glass and after the glass has been prepared heating the glass at a temperature in the range of 1650-1700° C. for a time in the range of 4-10 day to reduce inclusions in the glass.

Abstract: To provide a method whereby it is possible to produce an alkali-free glass having little bubbles therein and excellent in homogeneity and flatness. A method for producing an alkali-free glass, which comprises melting a glass raw material containing a silicon source, followed by forming, wherein as the silicon source, a silica sand is used which has a median particle diameter D50 of from 20 ?m to 80 ?m and which contains particles having a particle diameter of at most 2 ?m at a ratio of at most 0.3 vol % and particles having a particle diameter of at least 100 ?m at a ratio of at most 2.5 vol %.

Abstract: Shearing blade for molten glass gobs comprising a knife (1) made of hard metal having a substantially V-shaped front shearing portion (5) with a shearing edge (7) whose width is in the range between 8 and 11% of the distance between the ends (6) of the V-shaped shearing portion (5). Between the shearing edge (7) and the rear support portion (2) of the knife, the upper surface of the knife (1) has a lowered surface (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an infrared transmitting fiber (50) comprising the steps of providing a preform (20) of the infrared transmitting fiber (50) to be produced, said preform (20) comprising a receptacle, which is the precursor of the fiber's cladding, and a solid solution provided inside said receptacle, said solid solution being the precursor of the fiber's core; heating the fiber's preform (20) up to a temperature in which the receptacle softens and the solid solution melts; collecting the flow generated by the softened receptacle; drawing the fiber (50) from the collected flow.

Abstract: A method of forming a cladding portion of an optical fiber preform assembly includes positioning a glass core cane in a mold cavity and loading the mold cavity with silica glass soot. The silica glass soot is compressed in an axial direction as the vibratory energy is applied to the mold body to form a soot compact around the glass core cane, wherein the soot compact is the cladding portion of an optical fiber preform assembly and the glass core cane is a core portion of the optical fiber preform assembly.

Abstract: An optical fiber apparatus and manufacturing method thereof includes: forming a bare optical fiber by melting and deforming an optical fiber preform; cooling the bare optical fiber after the bare optical fiber forming step by passing it through a flow channel of a cooling unit through which cooling gas flows; and forming a protective coating layer by supplying a molten resin to a periphery of the bare optical fiber after the cooling step thereby forming an optical fiber. The cooling gas flowing toward a vertically lower end of the flow channel is blocked by the molten resin used to form the protective coating layer, and carbon dioxide gas is supplied toward the flow channel from a position which is vertically below the supply position of the cooling gas and vertically above the blocking position of the molten resin.

Abstract: A knitted-in band for terminating a raw edge of footless pantyhose has a stretch factor and a thickness for the leg band and a stretch factor and a thickness for the leg portion. The stretch factor of the leg band is approximately equal to the stretch factor of the leg portion and the thickness of the leg band is approximately equal to the thickness of the leg portion.

Abstract: A warm air inlet (10) and a warm air outlet (9) of a laterally provided cylindrical water tub (2) are separately arranged in the direction of the axis of the water tub (2). An airflow duct (32) connecting the warm air inlet (10) and the warm air outlet (9) is placed in the axis direction of the water tub (2), substantially directly below the water tub (2). A compressor (53) of a heat pump (57) having an evaporator (41) and a condenser (42) that are placed in the airflow duct (32) is placed at a position at a side of the airflow duct (32) so as to be orthogonal to the axis direction of the tub (2).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a washing machine and a detergent supply path which guides detergent stored in a lower part of a main body of the washing machine to an upper part of the main body. The washing machine includes a main body; a support base removably mounted to the main body; a detergent storage unit mounted at a lower part of the main body to be moved in and out of the main body; a detergent supply path guiding the detergent stored in the detergent storage unit that is in the lower part of the main body, to an upper part of the main body; and a guide unit guiding movement of the detergent supply path according to the movement in and out of the detergent storage unit.

Abstract: A device is provided for securing against crime-of-opportunity theft at least one fishing rod and reel to be stored or transported in an outdoor, unsecured area or on an open, unsecured portion of a vehicle, such as an open bed of a pick-up truck, trailer, or boat.

Abstract: This invention has the following structures and features: unlocks only when pressing inner keys that correspond to the upper section or inclines of the key; deadlock structure which acts as a non-powered prevention method of coercive rotations; reducing the probability of equal key presence without altering the key size by inserting two or more inner keys for simultaneous pressurization and alignment. Due to the fact that digital door locks are prone to static electricity, high voltage, magnetic fields and surges, this invention can be utilized as a safe means of analog keys; in case of car door locks, this invention can be utilized as emergency keys. In addition, coercive rotation preventing features such as gears, twists and torque shares will prove to be very useful for all type of door locks such as deadlocks, cylinder or lever-type knobs as they provide three to fivefold stronger safety.

Abstract: A dead bolt latch (10) readily adjustable between forward and rear backset positions. A bolt casing (56) connects to a faceplate (48) installed on an outer face of a door (D). A bolt (15) fitting within the casing extends and retracts to latch or unlatch the door. A latch operator (12) and the bolt casing each have slots (64, 78) of a length corresponding to the distance between the backset positions, and a spring (72) seats between the bolt and latch operator. When the latch is being installed and needs to be adjusted between backset positions, the installer blocks movement of the bolt and then, by turning the latch operator, moves the relative position of the latch operator and bolt between backset positions using the force of the spring. This facilitates latch adjustment even by relatively unskilled installers.

Abstract: A boot is positionable about a rotatable wheel having an axle extending therefrom. A pair of mating components include interconnecting elements for attaching the elements about the wheel preventing non-destructible detachment of the mating components. Flanges extend from the mating components to prevent attempts to rotate the boot about the wheel. The flanges which support the interconnecting elements are frangibly removable from the body to permit destructible detachment of the mating components from the wheel. The boot may support an electronic tag such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tag or an electronic article surveillance (EAS) tag.

Abstract: A key interlock device includes a body, a camshaft provided in the body so as to be rotated by manipulation of an ignition key, and at least an anti-rotation member provided in the camshaft and being engaged with the body when the camshaft rotates beyond a predetermined speed in one direction to restrict rotation of the camshaft but being disengaged with the body when the camshaft rotates in a reverse direction.

Abstract: A fob (10) such as a key fob has a casing (11) and a resilient clip (12) abutting the casing at a first end of the clip and overhanging the casing to form a substantially J-shaped clip. The casing may be substantially rectangular in shape and may includes a recess for accommodating therein an insert such as a electronic circuit (13) and a cover mounted (16) within the recess so as to overlay the electronic circuit and form a peripheral recess (18) between a rim (19) of the casing and a peripheral edge of the cover that may be hermetically sealed to form a sealed unit. During manufacture, the fob is injection molded wherein the resilient clip abuts the casing at a first end of the clip while lying outside a boundary of the casing. Local heat is then applied to the clip and the clip is bent so that it overhangs the casing.

Abstract: Dry fertilisers of biologically degraded crushed minerals such as limestone, rock, or rock phosphate together with micro-organisms, including one or more selected supplementary trace elements, are described. Minerals, some sawdust, an inoculum, and nutrients or other protein material, including bound selected micro-elements or trace elements are stored under aerobic conditions for some weeks during thermophilic biological degradation. The resolution fertiliser releases the macro-elements and micro-elements over a long period of time. The microelements are include within a biomass of micro-organism (5-6% carbon in the resulting fertiliser) and are more effective in remedying plan or animal deficiencies than if administered as inorganic salts. Furthermore this fertiliser avoids leaching of mineral including phosphate (phosphorus) and microelements into groundwater, streams, rivers or lakes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for treating domestic waste and the like by the combination of two compositions, one containing lime and the other containing urea, to the combinations, to the products obtained by the method and to uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rolling mill for rolling stock to be rolled (6), having a planetary cross-rolling mill (20) and a subsequent further rolling mill in the rolling direction, the subsequent mill comprising a mandrel rod (10) having a length that is larger than the distance between the planetary cross-rolling mill (20) and the further rolling mill in the rolling direction.

Abstract: A pusher device 4 includes a cylinder device 30 and a pusher mandrel 34. The cylinder device 30 includes a cylinder shaft 32. The pusher mandrel 34 is attached to the tip end of the cylinder shaft 32. The tip end of the pusher mandrel 34 is abutted against the rear end of a billet 20. The cross sectional area Sp of the pusher mandrel 34 and the cross sectional area Sb of the billet 20 satisfy Expression (1). The length Lp of the pusher mandrel 34 and the cross sectional area Sp of the pusher mandrel 34 satisfy Expression (2). The moving distance Lc of the tip end of the cylinder shaft 32 during piercing and rolling and the outer diameter Dc of the cylinder shaft 32 satisfy Expression (3). Therefore, the pusher device 4 can restrain the wall thickness deviation of the tip end part of a produced hollow shell. 0.3?Sp/Sb??(1) Lp/Sp?1.

Abstract: A bending apparatus (1) is for bending a workpiece (object to be worked), using a bending die (2) formed in accordance with a bent form of the workpiece, and a linear die (3) linearly extended, and includes a table (10) having a work face (11a) where the bending die (2) and the linear die (3) are placed; and a pair of rollers (40, 50) configured to move along the work face (11a), wherein each of the rollers (40, 50) is configured to move from one end side of the bending die (2) and the linear die (3) to the other end side thereof in a state of pinching the bending die (2) and the linear die (3) in a die closing direction. According to this configuration, it is possible to configure the bending apparatus (1), to make a work space small, and to improve the work efficiency of the bending.

Abstract: A die 10 has a die case 20 arranged with a pressure receiving surface 22 of a pressure receiving portion 21 facing rearward so as to oppose to an extrusion direction, a male die 30 and a female die 40 mounted in the die case 20. The pressure receiving portion 22 is formed into a rearwardly protruded convex shape. A plurality of metal material introducing portholes 24 are formed in an external periphery of the pressure receiving portion 21. It is configured such that the metal material pressed against the pressure receiving surface 22 is introduced into the die case 20 via the portholes 24 and passes through the extrusion hole 11. B/A is adjusted to 1.8 to 6.0 and D/B is adjusted to 0.15 to 0.4, where “A” is a product circumscribed circle diameter, “B” is a pressure receiving surface external diameter, “C” is a between-hole-wall inlet side minimum thickness size, “n” is the number of the between-hole-walls, and “D” is a between-hole-wall inlet side total thickness size obtained by “C”דn.

Abstract: Bonding wires for sophisticated bonding applications may be efficiently formed on the basis of a corresponding template device that may be formed on the basis of semiconductor material, such as silicon, in combination with associated fabrication techniques, such as lithography and etch techniques. Hence, any appropriate diameter and cross-sectional shape may be obtained with a high degree of accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: The invention provides a die set comprising an annular necking die and a knockout punch for necking-in a metal container, and a method of necking. In the method, in at least one necking-in step, the metal container is both reduced in diameter and the container wall is redrawn to minimize circumferential irregularities of wall thickness and/or circumferential rippling of the container wall caused by the reduction of diameter. The die of the die set is provided with a redraw surface to achieve this redrawing effect.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments provide a die set comprising a knockout punch and a necking die for necking-in a metal container preform. In an axial direction from front to back of the die, the die has an inwardly tapering in-feed surface, a forming radius, a generally cylindrical land having a die bore diameter, a discharge surface and a relief surface having a diameter larger than the die bore diameter. The land has an axial length of less than 0.1 inch. It is believed that such a length limits the number of metal contacts with the land (rebounds between the knockout punch and the land) to one or two as a metal container preform is necked in the die in conjunction with a knockout punch having a punch diameter that provides a gap between the knockout punch and the land. While the gap may be larger than the topwall thickness of the metal of the preform within the gap, it may alternatively be the same as, or smaller than, the thickness (by up to 10%), to effect re-resizing of the container wall.

Abstract: A stretch-forming apparatus includes a main frame which carries a die enclosure between jaw assemblies. An insulated die is mounted in the enclosure. A method of forming a component includes placing a workpiece in the enclosure, heating the workpiece to a working temperature using electrical resistance heating, and then stretching the workpiece against the die. The method is particularly useful for titanium workpieces.

Abstract: A contact magazine loader for guiding the insertion of individual electrical contacts into a crimping section of a crimping tool. A magazine is adapted to be placed in removable and rotatable engagement with a hand-held crimping tool. The magazine is approximately cylindrical, has a plurality of channels evenly dispersed around the radial periphery of the magazine, and is preloadable with electrical contacts. Each preloaded electrical contact is positioned within an individual insert casing. Each insert casing is adapted to being linearly slideably received into one of the channels. As a shuttle assembly is moved into compressed configuration, an insert casing guides the preloaded electrical contact into the crimping section of the hand-held crimper. A trigger assembly allows a user, with a single movement, to cause the shuttle assembly to return to its released configuration, and to rotate the magazine to axially align a subsequent casing with the crimping section of the hand held crimper.

Abstract: In a wedge drive (1) with a first part (20) which can be provided with a machining tool and a second part (30), wherein the two parts (20, 30) are arranged movably relative to each other, and there is provided at least one positive-action return device which engages or can engage both parts (20, 30), and a third part (10) which is connected to the first part (20), the at least one positive-action return device is return spring-free and has at least one device for causing and/or supporting the return of the one part (20) and/or for increasing the retraction force which can be applied in the return of the one part (20) in the upward stroke movement of the third part (10).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for calibrating a vacuum component of a phacoemulsification system at different elevations. The design comprises running a vacuum component to be calibrated at an elevation; determining a maximum vacuum pressure available at the elevation; determining a range of vacuum pressure available from running the vacuum component at the elevation; calibrating the vacuum component based at least in part on a the maximum vacuum pressure available and the range of vacuum pressure available. The design also comprises a to be calibrated vacuum component; a pressure delivery device; an altimeter configured to determine the elevation of the vacuum component; component reading hardware configured to read at least one measured value from the pressure sensing components of the vacuum component when exposed to at least one pressure value from the pressure delivery device; and a computer configured to correlate a plurality of measured values to the elevation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating a metrology tool are disclosed. The apparatus includes a substrate having at least one calibration site formed thereon. The calibration site includes a pattern of cells that have at least one feature disposed in a surface of the substrate. The feature provided for measurement by a step height metrology tool and a phase metrology tool to calibrate the step height and phase metrology tools.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flaw detection is performed to a welded portion 2 of a pipe body 1, a defect detection threshold value is determined based on the signal intensity difference between the total area of the defects existing in the region of an ultrasonic beam on a welded surface and an artificial defect, and a quality control of the pipe body is performed based on the defect detection threshold value. An equivalent defect diameter is determined from the defect density on the welded surface of the welded portion of the pipe body in a pipe axis direction and the area of the ultrasonic beam on the welded surface based on the total area of the defects existing in the region of the ultrasonic beam, and the defect detection threshold value is determined based on the equivalent defect diameter and the signal intensity difference of the artificial defect.

Abstract: A device for determining the coefficient of friction of diamond conditioner discs and a method of use thereof.

Abstract: A device for measurement of entrained and dissolved gas has a first module arranged in relation to a process line for providing a first signal containing information about a sensed entrained air/gas in a fluid or process mixture flowing in the process line at a process line pressure. The device features a combination of a bleed line, a second module and a third module. The bleed line is coupled to the process line for bleeding a portion of the fluid or process mixture from the process line at a bleed line pressure that is lower than the process pressure. The second module is arranged in relation to the bleed line, for providing a second signal containing information about a sensed bleed line entrained air/gas in the fluid or process mixture flowing in the bleed line.

Abstract: A procedure for detecting manipulations at lambda comprises the following steps; the lambda probe is excited by at least one electric excitation signal; at least one electric response signal of the probe is detected; the at least one response signal is compared to at least one default electric response signal that characterizes a not manipulated probe; the deviation of the detected at least one electric response signal from the at least one default electric response signal is used for detecting a manipulation of the probe.

Abstract: Thermodynamic properties of a natural gas stream can be determined in real time utilizing modeling algorithms in conjunction with one or more sensors for quantifying physical and chemical properties of the natural gas. Related techniques, apparatus, systems, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A gas sample introduction device for introducing sample gas to a gas analyzer includes a measuring tube, a sample gas supply flow path for introducing the sample gas to the measuring tube, a carrier gas supply flow path for introducing carrier gas to the measuring tube, an exhaust flow path for discharging the gas passing through the measuring tube to outside, and a collecting tube for absorbing a component in the sample gas. A first flow path switching device switches between a first state in which the measuring tube is inserted between the sample gas supply flow path and the exhaust flow path, and a second state in which the measuring tube is inserted between the carrier gas supply flow path and the gas analyzer. A second flow path switching device switches between a collecting-tube inserted state and a collecting-tube short-circuited state in which the collecting tube is not inserted.

Abstract: A method of performing chemical analysis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of forming carbide-derived carbon (CDC) material having a plurality of pore size, surface chemistry, and surface electrical properties. An array of the surface functionalized CDCs are used for atmospheric sampling, in which chemicals in the atmosphere are adsorbed on the CDCs. The adsorbed samples are desorbed later for analysis by a plurality of individual mass spectrometers.

Abstract: A device is presented for photoacoustic detection, having a cylindrical acoustic resonator (1), in which means (3a-d) are present for guiding the excitation light such that the sound wave that can be excited by absorption of the excitation light is the second azimuthal resonance of the cylinder oscillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photoacoustic multipass cell with a light source and means (3) for reflecting light in an acoustic resonator (8), which means are embodied in a concentrating manner, wherein the light source is arranged between the means designed in a concentrating manner. Two spherical mirrors (3) with a common optical axis can be used as a means for reflecting the light. The light source is represented by a fiber (5) guided into the multipass cell or a laser diode.

Abstract: A spectrophone assembly comprises a single detector chamber, a plurality of lasers, a gas inlet for supplying a gas sample to the single detector chamber, and at least one microphone. The detector chamber has an internal geometry arranged to be simultaneously acoustically resonant at a plurality of different resonant frequencies. Each laser operates at a different wavelength and is positioned to emit radiation into the single detector chamber, and is operable to emit radiation that is amplitude modulated at a frequency rate corresponding to a particular resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency of each other laser, simultaneously with each other laser. The microphone(s) are positioned in the single detector chamber so that each microphone is located at or near a maximum of a corresponding acoustic resonance defined by the internal geometry of the detector chamber.

Abstract: A gas sensor with instant response uses one or more oscillators while no chemical reactions or other material modifications are involved. Sensor can be used in any application to measure a percent range of gas concentrations, or mass of the absorbed gas.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a detection sensor and a vibrator which can offer improved sensitivity. The present invention uses a scheme in which no piezoelectric layer, drive electrode, or the like is provided on the surface of a vibrator 30 and in which the vibrator 30 is driven by an actuator 40 provided separately from the vibrator 30. The actuator 40 is of a cantilever type and is provided near a fixed end 30a of the vibrator 30. Vibration of the actuator 40 is transmitted to the vibrator 30 via a coupling beam 70. Thus, vibration of the vibrator 30 is prevented from being inhibited by a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, or the like. This improves the Q value of the vibrator 30 and thus the sensitivity of the detection sensor 10. Furthermore, if the detection sensor 10 is configured to offer a sensitivity equivalent to that of a conventional one, the size of the detection sensor 10 can be sharply reduced compared to that of the conventional one.

Abstract: Sensor apparatus includes a housing, a probe mounted to the housing, the probe including an elongate first part and a helical coil second part conductively coupled to each in series with first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof, the probe to be inserted into an exhaust stream in an exhaust corridor; and a circuit coupled to the first and second terminals of the sensor probe, to selectively operate the probe as a temperature sensor in a first mode and as a PM sensor in a second mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mass loading monitor for measuring in real time the particulate, i.e., powder, dust and the like, content of air inside an industrial or commercial processing facility and providing a warning signal indicating the existence of a potentially explosive atmosphere in the facility. In a first embodiment, the mass loading monitor comprises two parallel cylinders, one of which is charged with clean, ambient air and the other of which is charged with air from within the facility containing dust, powder or other particulate matter. A piston resides within each cylinder and the pistons are commonly accelerated for a short distance during which time the pressure at each piston face is measured. The time integrals of the pressures from each of the piston faces are evaluated over the period: from rest to the time of discharge from the open end of the cylinders. The ratio of these integrals defines the difference in the densities within the cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air pollution sensor system (1) comprising an air inlet (11), an air outlet (12), a sensor unit (2), and an air displacement device (3). The air displacement device is arranged to establish an air flow (4) from the air inlet through the sensor unit to the air outlet. The sensor unit comprises, a filter (22) for removing airborne pollutants from the air flow. The sensor unit is arranged to generate an output signal (21) based on the amount of airborne pollutants removed from the air flow by the filter. The air displacement device is arranged to be controlled by the output signal, thereby improving the lifetime of the air pollution sensor system by minimizing the amount of pollutants that will be deposited inside the sensor unit when the air pollution sensor system is operated under predetermined conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting a fungal contamination of an indoor environment by calculation of a chemical index of the fungal contamination.