Abstract: A system for steering the direction of a borehole advanced by cutting action of a rotary drill bit by periodically varying action of a drill bit while continuously rotating a drill string to which the drill bit is operationally attached. The steering system comprises a bit perturbation device cooperating with a bent housing subsection and operationally connected to the drill string and to the drill bit. Drill bit action is varied by periodic varying the rotation speed or rate of penetration of the drill bit. Periodic drill bit action results in preferential cutting of material from a predetermined arc of the borehole wall which, in turn, resulting in borehole deviation.

Abstract: A sub surface deployment valve which is particularly suitable for use in underbalanced drilling operations which can be installed through an existing tubular string comprises a radially expandable body (1) having an internal bore and a valve element (2) capable of closing off the internal bore. The deployment valve can be installed by passing the valve through the existing tubular and then radially expanding the radially expandable body of the deployment valve to form a connection resulting from the interference between the external surface of the deployment valve and the tubular string.

Abstract: A rotary tool for drilling subterranean material is disclosed. The rotary tool includes a tool body having a distal crown end comprising a circumferential series of raised cutting blades with recessed junk slots therebetween. Cutting elements are located proximate a leading peripheral edge of the raised cutting blades and cutting control structures are located interiorly of the cutting elements at a leading surface of an adjacent junk slot. Cutting control structures are releasably secured to the tool body in the adjacent junk slot whereby a used rotary tool is refurbishable by removing worn cutting control structures without degradation to the tool body and replacing the worn cutting control structures by installing new cutting control structures in the worn cutting control structures' locations.

Abstract: A direction adjustment tool 2 for a downhole drilling apparatus is disclosed. The tool has a tubular housing 8 adapted to be incorporated into a downhole drilling apparatus, and steering blades 10 mounted to the housing. A drive shaft 16 transmits drive to a drill bit of a drilling apparatus, wherein the shaft defines a passage for transmitting drilling fluid to the drill bit. A first pressure chamber 32 is defined between the housing and the shaft and communicates with the passage, wherein the steering blades are moved from retracted positions to extended positions thereof as a result of increase of fluid pressure the first pressure chamber.

Abstract: A rotary drill bit having blades with gage pads disposed on exterior portions thereof to improve steerability of the rotary drill bit during formation of a directional wellbore without sacrifice of lateral stability. One or more of the gage pads may include radially tapered exterior portions and/or cut out portions to assist with reducing wear of the associated gage pad. For some applications, a rotary drill bit may be formed having blades with gage pads having a relatively uniform exterior surface. Hard facing material and/or buttons may be disposed on exterior portions of the gage pad to form a radially tapered portion to improve steerability, reduce wear of the gage pad and/or improve ability of the rotary drill to form a wellbore having a generally uniform inside diameter, particularly during directional drilling of the wellbore.

Abstract: A drill bit bearing having a treated surface and method for preparing the same is provided. The method includes the steps of polishing at least one contacting surface of the bearing with an abrasive paste to a finish of less than about 10 ?in Ra. The surface of the polishing instrument has a coating that includes a mixture of an epoxy cement and a polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rock drill (1) for rotational and percussive action, comprising a drill head (2), a conveying helix (3), a clamping shank and a longitudinal drill axis (L), wherein the drill head (2) has at least one secondary cutting element (5a, 5b) with a front and a rear side face (10a, 10b) and wherein the secondary cutting element (5a, 5b) has a centre of mass (M) and a cutting edge (11), the centre of mass (M) and the cutting edge (11) defining a first plane (E1), the front side face (10a) of the secondary cutting element (5a, 5b) defining a second plane (E2) and the rear side face (10b) of the secondary cutting element (5a, 5b) defining a third plane (E3).

Abstract: A sensor pad is adapted to be positioned on a patient's bed as part of a monitoring system that provides a signal to a nurse or other caregiver when the patient exits the bed. The sensor pad is thinner and more flexible than existing pads to provide comfort to the user.

Abstract: Described is a multi-path handwriting recognition framework based upon stroke segmentation, symbol recognition, two-dimensional structure analysis and semantic structure analysis. Electronic pen input corresponding to handwritten input (e.g., a chemical expression) is recognized and output via a data structure, which may include multiple recognition candidates. A recognition framework performs stroke segmentation and symbol recognition on the input, and analyzes the structure of the input to output the data structure corresponding to recognition results. For chemical expressions, the structural analysis may perform a conditional sub-expression analysis for inorganic expressions, or organic bond detection, connection relationship analysis, organic atom determination and/or conditional sub-expression analysis for organic expressions. The structural analysis also performs subscript, superscript analysis and character determination. Further analysis may be performed, e.g.

Abstract: A light emitting touchpad and an electronic device are provided. The light emitting touchpad disposed at a main body of the electronic device includes a light emitting module, a touch control module and a controller. The light emitting module includes a light guiding plate and multiple light emitting elements. The light guiding plate includes multiple blocking walls and multiple light guiding portions. The blocking walls and the light guiding portions are interlacing with each other. Each of the light guiding portions has an incident side. The light emitting elements are disposed beside the incident sides of the light guiding portions. The touch control module is coinciding with the light guiding plate. The controller electrically connected with the light emitting elements and the touch control module controls at least part of the light emitting element to emit light according to an instruction detected by the touch control module.

Abstract: A golf bag cart includes a cart unit adapted for placing a golf bag thereon, a rear wheel unit connected to the cart unit, an electrically operable power front wheel unit coupled to the cart unit and disposed forwardly of the rear wheel unit, and an electric drive unit. The power front wheel unit is electrically operable to cooperate with the rear wheel unit for moving the cart unit on a ground surface. The power front wheel unit is coupled rotatably to the cart unit so as to be rotatable relative to the cart unit about a normal axis that is normal to the ground surface, thereby permitting change in direction of movement of the cart unit on the ground surface. The electric drive unit is disposed on the cart unit and is coupled to the power front wheel unit for driving rotation of the power front wheel unit about the normal axis.

Abstract: A vehicle including a wheel assembly with an in-wheel motor that reduces the rate of output of the in-wheel motor using a reduction mechanism, which includes a counter gear mechanism and a planetary gear set, and drives a wheel and is structured such that the directionality of a helix angle of a helical gear of a counter gear mechanism in a left wheel is opposite the directionality of a helix angle of a helical gear of the counter gear mechanism in a right wheel, and the directionality of the helix angle of a helical gear of the planetary gear set in the left wheel is the same as the directionality of the helix angle of a helical gear of the planetary gear set in the right wheel.

Abstract: A molded motor includes a ring-shaped stator and a rotor disposed inside the stator. The stator has teeth, insulators surrounding the teeth, coils wound around the insulators, and a molded part molding the teeth, insulators and coils. The insulators are partially exposed from the molded part.

Abstract: A power converter module and a battery-operated vehicle which is powered using the power converter module are disclosed. This power converter module may swappable with a battery module that is similarly sized, so that the battery-operated vehicle can selectively run from either the battery module or the power converter module. The power converter module converts fuel into an electrical power supply having a form similar to the power supplied by the battery module.

Abstract: A method for arranging an accumulating device in proximity of a floor of a vehicle forming a bottom wall of a passenger compartment of the vehicle itself; the accumulating device has a heating base wall which is free from heat insulation, and a non-heating base wall which is parallel and opposite to the heating base wall and is provided with a heat-insulating material layer; and the method provides for the steps of arranging the accumulating device in a seating obtained in proximity of the floor; and implementing the accumulating device with a symmetry allowing the reversal of the accumulating device itself within the seating obtained in proximity of the floor in such a way that the heating base wall may be equally either facing upwards and then towards the passenger compartment or facing downwards and then towards the external environment.

Abstract: A road wheel propulsion apparatus for alternately propelling and retarding the rotation of a road wheel supporting an automotive vehicle. An electric drive motor is carried by a vehicle and is drivingly connected to a road wheel to provide motive force to the vehicle by driving the road wheel in rotation relative to the vehicle. The electric drive motor includes a radially inner motor stator to be fixed to a vehicle. The electric drive motor also includes a radially outer annular motor rotor to be carried within a road wheel and to be driven in rotation relative to the motor stator by electromagnetic forces developed by between the motor stator and the motor rotor.

Abstract: A radiator core support structure includes a radiator core support, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The radiator core support has a lower radiator core support member. The first heat exchanger is arranged to face a front surface of the lower radiator core support member to cover a front surface thereof. The second heat exchanger is aligned with the first heat exchanger at a rear side thereof. The lower radiator core support member is formed with an airflow space that is formed inside of the lower radiator core support member to extend in a lateral direction of a vehicle. The airflow space is fluidically connected with an intake opening portion that is formed on the front surface of the lower radiator core support member at a position where the first heat exchanger faces the lower radiator core support member to cover, and also with an exhaust opening portion that is formed at on a partial portion of the lower radiator core support member.

Abstract: In an assembled battery used as a power source of a vehicle, a negative electrode collector plate and a positive electrode collector plate are arranged at every two bipolar secondary batteries adjacent in a stacking direction among a plurality of bipolar electrodes. The negative electrode collector plate and the positive electrode collector plate also function as heat radiating members, as a cooling medium is caused to flow therein. It becomes unnecessary to connect a cooling tab to the positive electrode collector plate (or the negative electrode collector plate) to cool the assembled battery and, therefore, no portion protrudes from the positive electrode collector plate (or the negative electrode collector plate) of the assembled battery. Thus, the inside of assembled battery can be cooled while reducing the size of the assembled battery.

Abstract: A battery housing structure, in an electric vehicle, is operable to regulate a temperature of a battery disposed between front and rear wheels of the vehicle. The battery housing structure includes a main housing body for receiving the battery, inlet and outlet ports for respectively supplying air to and discharging air from the main housing body; and a fan for discharging air from the main housing body. A bypass passage is provided in the battery housing structure for selectively connecting a downstream side of the fan with the inlet ports. First and second air flow control valves are also provided in the battery housing structure for selectively controlling and routing the flow of air within the battery housing structure.

Abstract: A snowmobile (10) having an electronic oil pump (72) fluidly connected to an oil tank (70) thereof is disclosed. The electronic oil pump (72) is fluidly connected to an engine (24) of the snowmobile (10) for delivering lubricant to the engine (24). An electronic control unit (150) is electrically connected to the electronic oil pump (72) for controlling actuation of the electronic oil pump (72). A method of operating an electronic oil pump (72) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A saddle-ride type vehicle is provided which arranges a canister therein, taking heat from an engine into consideration. The saddle-ride type vehicle includes a storage box which has a bulging portion; an engine; a fuel tank; and a canister, the engine is arranged behind the bulging portion in the vehicle longitudinal direction, and the fuel tank and the canister are arranged in front of the bulging portion in the vehicle longitudinal direction. The fuel tank and the canister are arranged with respect to the engine such that the bulging portion of the storage box is sandwiched between the fuel tank canister and the engine. It is possible to arrange the canister away from the engine by a distance corresponding to the bulging portion and hence, it is possible to reduce influence of heat from the engine exerted on the canister.

Abstract: An all terrain vehicle with a tool less maintainable drive system, and having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator. The vehicle has a frame, a plurality of wheels attached to the frame, a steering mechanism attached at least one of the plurality of wheels, an engine mounted to the frame, and a clutch attached to the engine. The vehicle contains a system of features that can be removed without the use of tools. The system has a support attached to and extending outward from the frame, a removable footrest, a receiver attached to the removable footrest and configured to mate with the support, a locking mechanism attached to the receiver to secure the removable footrest with respect to the footrest support; and a removable clutch housing.

Abstract: A modular, wheeled vehicle suitable for military use, includes a driver module having a width for seating one person and having length for seating a second (and optional third) person therebehind, and an engine module disposed behind the driver module containing an engine for powering the modular vehicle. The engine module has a rear surface adapted to receive a storage module. The driver module and the engine module form a central element having a pair of sides, a bottom, and a top. The central element is adapted to receive the modules on both of the central element sides. The central element has air inlet for personnel and for the engine disposed atop the central element. The bottom of the central element and troop side pods generally are V-shaped with slanted, upward extending sides.

Abstract: A saddle-riding vehicle mounted with a V engine between a front wheel and a rear wheel, the V engine having a front cylinder portion extending obliquely forwardly and upwardly from a crankcase and a rear cylinder portion extending obliquely rearwardly and upwardly from the crankcase. A main switch is disposed between the front cylinder portion and the rear cylinder portion, and also an intake system is disposed between the front cylinder potion and the rear cylinder portion, wherein the main switch is fixed to the intake system.

Abstract: A snowmobile includes an engine, a handle, an operation portion, an operation input detector, an operation amount detector, and a control portion. The handle includes a grip grasped by the rider. The operation portion is provided near the grip to control driving of the engine. The operation input detector is provided near the grip to detect whether operation of the operation portion has been carried out by the rider. The operation amount detector electrically detects the operation amount of the operation portion. The control portion controls driving of the engine based on the operation amount detected by the operation amount detector when operation of the operation portion by the rider is detected at the operation input detector.

Abstract: An angular position sensor (100) for determining angular position includes a shaft (105) having a threaded portion (108), and a structure for engaging an external application (119). The shaft (105) includes a first permanent magnet (114). A nut (116) is threaded on the threaded portion (108). The nut (116) is formed from a first magnetic permeable material or includes a second permanent magnet (118). At least one constraint (122) is coupled to the nut (116) for preventing rotational movement of the nut (116) while allowing linear motion of the nut (116). A first magnetic sensor (120) is positioned along a length of the threaded portion (108) of the nut (116) for measuring a linear position of the nut (116). A second magnetic sensor (124) is provided for measuring an angular position of the shaft (105).

Abstract: In this device, three chambers, three chips with multiple holes and three membranes senses and magnifies sound signal from miles away to a magnitude that can be heard by device holder. Sound wave enter from the membrane, vibration energy is transmitted by highly compressed air within chamber 3, which then is magnified by multiple small holes in its chip. The same vibration is magnified by compressed air in chamber 2, which then is magnified by multiple small holes in its chip. Then the vibration is magnified by compressed air in chamber 1, which then is magnified by multiple small holes in its chip. Device holder adjust the air density in chamber 1, 2 and 2 by sliding chamber 3 inside chamber 2, and by sliding chamber 2 inside chamber 1. Sound wave is magnification in proportion to air compression ratio between two connected chambers, and magnified by holes on each of the three chips, thereby sound wave received from miles away is tremendously magnified.

Abstract: A loudspeaker enclosure is disclosed which comprises a front baffle for mounting one or more loudspeaker drivers, an inner and an outer side panel bonded to the front baffle forming one side of the loudspeaker enclosure, the inner and the outer side panel not contacting each other, either the inner or the outer side panel independently enclosing the side of the loudspeaker enclosure, both the inner and the outer side panel being at least approximately one half inch in thickness, wherein vibration on the outer side panel is reduced.

Abstract: A Controlled Unaided Surge and Purge Suppressor for firearms uses the blast and plume characteristics inherent to the ballistic discharge process to develop a new two-step controlled surge and purge system centered around advanced mixer-ejector concepts. The blast surge noise is reduced by controlling the flow expansion, and the flash effects are reduced by controlling inflow and outflow gas purges. This is a C-I-P application. In the preferred C-I-P embodiment, the blast surge is mitigated via a slotted mixer nozzle; a first expansion chamber; a generally “wagon-wheel” shaped blast baffle with a vent hole; a series of alternating baffles, with vent holes, strategically located along the suppressor's inner wall surface; a second expansion chamber; and an exit opening. This preferred C-I-P embodiment contains no “outside” vent holes (i.e., throughbores) which extend through the suppressor's outer or longitudinal wall.

Abstract: A muffler includes a muffler body in which a muffler chamber is formed by a base, a cover, and a baffle accommodated in the muffler chamber and disposed in the vicinity of the exhaust gas entry port of the muffler body. A guide portion which changes flow of an exhaust gas that enters from the exhaust gas entry port is integrally provided to the baffle by cut-and-raise of a portion of the baffle.

Abstract: A lightweight safety harness comprises adjustable belt sections for the upper chest, waist and upper thighs. In one of two shoulder straps, there is stored a primary release pin and secondary brake strap. The shoulder straps criss-cross to form a soft, triangular shaped panel on the harness wearer's back. A spine brace divides that triangle in two. Near the top of that spine brace is a rack having at least one aperture wrapped with Kevlar® webbing. A long nylon rope serpentines back-and-forth, between sets of elastic loops running down opposed legs to the triangular panel before being threaded through the rack in a preferred pattern. At the base of that triangular panel, there is attached one end to a reserve suspension relief strap (RSRS). A cover extends the triangular panel but can be removed for inspection before every use.

Abstract: A fire escape apparatus for a building is provided.

Abstract: A dual-use ladder and bridge modular system preferably includes tubes, gussets, flanges, and/or joints. In a preferred embodiment, the tubes, gussets, flanges, and/or joints are made of carbon fiber. A method connects and disconnects modular carbon fiber ladder segments. Another method creates a lightweight carbon-fiber beam with exceptionally high stiffness and strength using a combination of carbon-fiber braid material, uni-directional cloth, and pultruded carbon-fiber strips. A carbon fiber ladder segment and tube connectors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted personnel access platform assembly with ballistic protection is designed for mounting on a tactical vehicle. The platform assembly includes at least one mounting brace, and at least one access platform carried by the mounting brace. The access platform defines a raised horizontal surface for supporting personnel at an elevated location adjacent a body of the tactical vehicle. A ballistic wall adjacent the access platform is adapted for residing a spaced distance from the body of the tactical vehicle to protect personnel staged on the access platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a folding trestle having a folded position and a deployed position, said trestle comprising: a crossbeam having a longitudinal dimension and a transverse dimension that define a bottom face; first and second pairs of legs; and hinge mechanisms enabling the legs of each of the pairs of legs to be spaced apart from each other when the trestle is in the deployed position, and to extend against each other when the trestle is in the folded position, the hinge mechanisms also enabling each of the pairs of legs to pivot about a respective axis that is transverse to the crossbeam so that, in the folded position, the pairs of legs extend under said bottom face of the crossbeam. The invention is characterized in that the trestle further comprises a first locking device connecting one side of one of the legs of at least one of the pairs of legs to the crossbeam in order to lock said pair of legs in the deployed position relative to the crossbeam.

Abstract: A personal escape device which can be used by men, women, and children, including physically disabled persons, to descend in a controlled and secure manner from high structures such as office buildings, multistory homes, and the like. The device is designed for a relatively low-cost, small size which may be used by payloads of variable weights. The rescue device of the invention may be a single-use device or a multi-use device.

Abstract: A bench top bearing packer tool includes supply means for delivering a controlled amount of grease, support means for locating a bearing in a position where a bearing cage and rollers of the bearing may be lubricated with the grease delivered by the supply means, the supply means having a grease delivery outlet communicating with a grease delivery inlet of the support means by a grease flow passageway, and means for controlling the passage of grease through the inlet to the bearing cage and rollers of the bearing.

Abstract: The instant invention describes a zipper lubricating applicator device for dispensing a lubricant to one or more components of a zipper. The applicator device is designed to fit various lubricant reservoirs and is capable of dispensing lubricant in the form of liquids, gels, or aerosols. The zipper lubricating applicator device contains a lubricant receiving cavity constructed and arranged to receive a lubricant reservoir. A lubricant dispensed from the lubricant reservoir is received by the lubricant receiving cavity and is directed to at least one inner lumen. The inner lumen provides a pathway for dispersal of a lubricant from the lubricant reservoir receiving cavity to a zipper receiving channel. The lubricant is dispersed at a controlled rate and to a desired portion of a zipper through the zipper receiving channel. The zipper receiving channel is constructed and arranged to provide dispensing of the lubricant to a portion of the zipper as the applicator device slidably moves upon the zipper track.

Abstract: The safety device for an elevator system comprises a retractable element mounted on a support. The retractable element has a stopping position in which a catch portion of the retractable element projects from the support to engage a triggering member of a safety brake associated with an elevator car as the elevator car traveling in a selected direction approaches a selected vertical position, and a retracted position. An actuator selectively controls the position of the retractable element. A position sensor is responsive to the position of the retractable element to make sure that it is in its stopping position when needed.

Abstract: Arrangement and method for the construction-time use of an elevator, which arrangement comprises an elevator car (2), hoisting roping (4), a hoisting machine fitted to move the elevator car via the hoisting roping (4), which hoisting machine is preferably disposed on the machine room level (22) at the top end of the elevator hoistway, a counterweight (56), and which elevator comprises compensating roping (10), which compensating roping is connected to the supply storage (16) of the compensating roping. In the arrangement, the compensating roping (10) is connected to the elevator car via a diverting pulley (28) on the elevator car and to the counterweight (56) via a diverting pulley (58) on the counterweight (56). In the method one or more jumps of the machine room level are performed, and the additional rope needed for a jump of the machine room level is taken from the supply storage of the compensating roping.

Abstract: A method for installing the hoisting roping of an elevator, the elevator including at least an elevator car that moves in essentially a vertical direction in the elevator hoistway, a hoisting machine, a traction sheave, and at least a plurality of diverting pulleys includes fitting a plurality of hoisting ropes to pass around a plurality of diverting pulleys as well as the traction sheave, the hoisting ropes, after the installation, forming the hoisting roping of the elevator. Each hoisting rope is guided to pass around each diverting pulley and/or the traction sheave such that a loop is formed from the part between the first and second end of the hoisting rope, the loop being fitted to pass around the diverting pulley and/or the traction sheave.

Abstract: A template for accurately positioning structural components of elevator(s) in a elevator hoistway(s), or of elevator hoistway walls or partitions in a building, includes a thin, flexible sheet of material adapted to be placed on a floor of elevator hoistway(s), has indicia on the flexible sheet of material to show locations, and points of attachment, of elevator structural components which are to be installed in the elevator hoistway(s). Tensioning elements attachable to the flexible sheet of material may be used to square up the flexible sheet of material. The template may be made by forming a thin, flexible sheet of material, providing indicia on the flexible sheet of material, and by providing tensioning elements to square up the flexible sheet of material. The flexible template may be placed on the floor of the elevator hoistway(s), squared, and the squared up template used as a guide to install the major elevator structural components. The template may, alternatively, be made of a substantially rigid, e.

Abstract: A disk brake having a brake disk, a brake caliper including a bracket, a caliper housing and a brake lining. The bracket and the caliper housing engage axially around the brake disk, with the caliper housing and the brake lining movable in an axial direction. The caliper housing has outer housing limb comprising two housing fingers which run substantially in a radial direction and which span a limb window situated between them and which is open in the direction of the rotational axis, with the housing fingers having one end section facing the rotational axis. A protective screen covers end sections of the housing fingers and conceals a section of the limb window that faces the rotational axis, with an outer dimension of the protective screen in a circumferential direction such that a transition between the protective screen and the housing fingers is substantially stepless in an axial projection.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a disk brake having excellent responsiveness. A rotation preventing mechanism 34A prevents a rotation of a carrier 41 (one output member) in a direction causing a piston 12 to return. An internal gear 46 (the other output member) rotates by a predetermined degree to act on the rotation preventing mechanism 34A. When the motor 38 causes a sun gear (input member) to rotate such that the piston 12 moves in a return direction, a rotation of the internal gear 46 according to the rotation of the sun gear 44 releases rotation prevention of the rotation preventing mechanism 34A to the carrier 41. It is possible to release the parking brake without use of a worm gear which is used in the conventional arts for holding a thrust force (self-holding). As a result, it is possible to quickly release the parking brake, and therefore a driver can start to run without delay after parking brake release, whereby the responsiveness is improved.

Abstract: A brake pad backing plate made using powder metallurgy has an inner surface to which a friction material mass is attached and which cooperates with the mass to resist shearing of the mass relative to the plate. Formations can be made on the inner surface that resist shearing of the friction material mass from the backing plate, the mass can have mating formations and the plate can be steam treated for additional benefits.

Abstract: A friction couple including: a first friction member that contains a metallic material and includes a first friction surface; and a second friction member that includes a second friction surface that contacts the first friction surface and that contains an oxidation film developer that accelerates formation of an oxidation film on at least one of the first friction surface and the second friction surface by oxidizing the metallic material when the first friction surface and the second friction surface contact each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a damper with a damper cylinder, in which a piston ram is guided via a piston rod. The flow rate of a damper fluid is adjustable for setting damper characteristic values. According to the invention, a control mechanism is arranged inside the damper cylinder, which has two independent control loops for a rebound stage period and a compression stage period. The control mechanism controls the flow rate of the damper fluid in a first flow direction with a first adjustment element during the compression stage period, and controls the flow rate of the damper fluid in a second flow direction with a second adjustment element during the rebound stage period.

Abstract: A valve main body where an opening of a passage is formed comprises a clamp seat portion adapted to clamp a disk valve, the opening, a non-annular first seat portion where the disk valve can be seated, and an annular second seat portion, which are formed in this order from the inner circumferential side. The first seat portion has an axial height equal to or higher than the axial height of the clamp seat portion and lower than the axial height of the second seat portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a damper having a damper cylinder, in which a piston plunger is guided via a piston rod. For the adjustment of characteristic damper values, the flow of a damper fluid can be controlled via control mechanism disposed inside the damper cylinder, which controls the flow of the damper fluid in a first flow direction using a first adjusting element and in a second flow direction using a second adjusting element. According to the invention, the first and second adjusting elements are provided with at least one spring element. The spring rate of at least one of the spring elements can be adjusted for defining a damping behavior using corresponding defining or predetermining elements.

Abstract: A shock absorber assembly comprises a piston and cylinder arrangement, a damping-fluid chamber and a damping valve arrangement which is located in the damping fluid chamber and serves to divide the chamber into sub-chambers. The assembly is such that in use the valve arrangement regulates the flow of fluid between the sub-chambers.