Abstract: A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter that includes multiple zones. An electrical heater includes heater segments that are associated with respective ones of the zones. The electrical heater is arranged upstream from and proximate with the PM filter. A post-fuel injection system injects fuel into at least one of a cylinder of an engine and an exhaust system. A control module is configured to operate in a first mode that includes activating the electrical heater to heat exhaust of the engine. The control module is also configured to operate in a second mode that includes activating the post-injection system to heat the exhaust. The control module selectively operates in at least one of the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter that includes X zones. An electrical heater includes Y heater segments that are associated with respective ones of the X zones. The electrical heater is arranged upstream from and proximate with the PM filter. A valve assembly includes Z sections that are associated with respective ones of the X zones. A control module adjusts flow through each of the Z sections during regeneration of the PM filter via control of the valve assembly. X, Y and Z are integers.

Abstract: A small oxidation catalyst and a fuel supply valve are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. The small oxidation catalyst has a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the engine exhaust passage, and portion of exhaust gas flowing in the engine exhaust passage flows through the small oxidation catalyst. The fuel supply valve supplies fuel to the small oxidation catalyst. Fuel is intermittently supplied from the fuel supply valve to the small oxidation catalyst to intermittently generate flames downstream of the small oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A method of affecting soot particulate size in an internal combustion engine exhaust by selectively providing a phosphorous based additive to the engine during combustion. Soot particulate size can be increased or decreased depending on the particular additive provided. Also disclosed in a conditioning effect experienced by using a phosphorous based additive for a period of time. A conditioned engine can also have its exhaust properties affected during the life of its conditioned state. Manipulating particle size during engine operation can employ an oligomeric phosphorous compound. Engine conditioning can employ a monomeric phosphorous containing compound, an oligomeric phosphorous containing compound, a polymeric phosphorous containing compound, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A cooling device for emissions system electronics is disclosed. The cooling device may have a mount for an exhaust treatment device. The mount may have a framework comprising a plurality of rigid members. The cooling device may also have a passageway located within at least one rigid member of the plurality of rigid members. The passageway may be configured to transmit a flow of coolant. The cooling device may further have a plate coupled to the at least one rigid member and at least one electronic device coupled to the plate. The at least one electronic device may be associated with the exhaust treatment device.

Abstract: A reductant insulating system configured to prevent a flow of reductant used by an engine's selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device from overheating.

Abstract: A method for controlling a powertrain includes selectively initiating an ammonia generation cycle, including injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine before a primary combustion event to a calibrated air fuel ratio in a range lean of stoichiometry based upon generation of NOx within the combustion chamber, injecting fuel into the combustion chamber after the primary combustion event based upon an overall air fuel ratio in a range rich of stoichiometry and resulting generation of molecular hydrogen, and utilizing a catalyst device between the engine and a selective catalytic reduction device to produce ammonia.

Abstract: A method for controlling a powertrain includes selectively initiating an ammonia generation cycle including injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine before a primary combustion event to a calibrated air fuel ratio in a range lean of stoichiometry based upon generation of NOx within the combustion chamber, injecting fuel into the powertrain after the primary combustion event based upon an overall air fuel ratio in a range rich of stoichiometry and resulting generation of molecular hydrogen, utilizing a hydrogen forming catalyst to reform the injected fuel, and utilizing a catalyst device between the engine and the selective catalytic reduction device to produce ammonia.

Abstract: An injector nozzle assembly for delivering a reducing agent fluid stream into an exhaust gas stream comprises a connector having an inlet for fluidly connecting to a reducing agent fluid source. The assembly further includes a cap that is connected to a nozzle body having a frustoconical portion. The assembly also includes an injector pipe having a length along an axis and passing through an opening in the cap into and through an at least partially hollow internal volume of the nozzle body. The injector pipe has an inlet fluidly connected to the connector and an outlet fluidly connected to a spray head. The spray head includes three to four substantially radial injection orifices. The injection orifices on the spray head are substantially aligned in a horizontal plane, and only oriented generally parallel to a flow direction of the exhaust gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to suppress heat transfer from an adapter 19 to an injector 11 so as to ensure a high level of reliability of the injector 11 over a long time. In a mounting structure for an injector 11 fitted at a mixing pipe 9B (exhaust passage) via an adapter 19 for addition of urea water into exhaust gas 3, an inner surface of the adapter 19 to be exposed to the flow of the exhaust gas 3 is shielded by a heat-resisting plate 22 to interpose a heat insulating layer 23 between the plate 22 and the inner surface.

Abstract: A combustion engine exhaust after treatment system mount, including a body, with a first mounting position, a second mounting position, and a foot for mounting the body to an engine or wall, the first mounting position having a first mounting surface, the second mounting position having a second mounting surface, the first mounting position having a first longitudinal axis, and the second mounting position having a second longitudinal axis, the first axis positioned substantially parallel to the second axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling overheated gas generated from a diesel particulate filter which is connected between a diesel engine and an exhaust pipe of the diesel engine is disclosed. The apparatus includes a tail pipe for discharging outwardly the overheated gas discharged from the diesel particulate filter, a cooling fan, provided at one side of an engine room, for generating an air stream by sucking ambient air, and a diffuser enclosing an outer circumference of the tail pipe in such a way a space is formed between the diffuser and the tail pipe to prevent the diffuser from directly contacting the tail pipe. The engine room is provided with a through-hole penetrating one side of the engine room, and the tail pipe has one end connected to the diesel particulate filter, and the other end extended outwardly from the engine room through the through-hole.

Abstract: A secondary air system for the supply of secondary air into at least one exhaust gas outlet passage of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, wherein at least one secondary air passage provided in the cylinder head is associated with the exhaust gas outlet passage and opens into the exhaust gas outlet passage and into an outer connection surface of the cylinder head. A base plate is provided which can be placed onto the connection surface of the cylinder head and which is provided with secondary air stubs which each engage into a secondary air passage when the base plate is in place. The base plate is provided on its outer side remote from the connection side with at least one hood via which the supplied secondary air is distributed to a plurality of secondary air stubs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cooling waste gas, comprising an inlet area (1) for guiding a flow of waste gas, an outlet area (2) for discharging the optionally cooled waste gas, and a longitudinal housing (1) for receiving exchanging means (13) for heat exchange. The flow of waste gas flows through the exchanging means (13) on the way from the inlet area to the outlet area. The inlet area (2) and the outlet area (3) are arranged respectively on end areas of the housing (1) which are opposite in relation to the longitudinal direction. The flow of waste gas flows through the exchanging means (13) on a first flow path (16) and also on a second flow path (17) which is counter thereto.

Abstract: The thermoelectric facility has a thermoelectric generator and a structure for limiting the temperature thereof. The structure has a flat compartment which is at least substantially filled with an evaporable working medium. The dimensions of the compartment are adapted to those of the thermoelectric generator and the compartment is thermally connected to a heat source or to the thermoelectric generator across a large surface of its opposite surfaces. The temperature-limiting structure also includes a conduit system, connected to the compartment, into which a recirculation cooler is integrated to which a gaseous portion of the working medium can freely rise from the compartment. The working medium should have a boiling point that is at least below a critical temperature above which the thermoelectric generator will be permanently damaged. The thermoelectric facility is especially useful for motor vehicles that are operated by an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The thermoelectric facility contains a thermoelectric generator which is thermally connected on a first side to a heat source and on a second side to a heat sink. The thermoelectric facility also has a structure for limiting the temperature on the thermoelectric generator. The structure includes a first compartment, filled with a first working medium that can melt, which compartment is connected across a large surface thereof to the heat source or to a second compartment that is filled with an evaporable second working medium. The second compartment is connected to the thermoelectric generator on its side facing away from the first compartment. The working media have a predetermined melting point or boiling point in order to prevent permanent damages to the thermoelectric generator. The thermoelectric facility is especially useful for motor vehicles that are operated by an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for producing renewable electrical power energy which does not require the consumption of fossil-based, petroleum-based or other combustible fuels, nor release hazardous emissions or byproducts to the atmosphere or otherwise to the environment. The system utilizes closed-loop fluid recirculation and is not dependent upon an external unlimited sources of water flow and head as with dam-style hydro-electric power systems and is not dependant upon predefined favorable environmental and/or weather conditions to function. The system includes a DC magnetic system adapted to be coupled between an AC generator and a hydro-rotor/centrifugal pump system; a DC power source and charging system; a propulsion pump system; and a containment housing with a plurality of thrust producing vanes, fluid management infrastructure and reservoir.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement and to a method for controlling a hydraulic consumer that comprises a pressure chamber on the input side and on the return side, said pressure chamber being connected to an adjusting pump or a tank via a valve device. The valve device is controlled by means of a control unit via which it can be adjusted in a regeneration mode, in which both pressure chambers are connected to the adjusting pump. According to the invention, the adjusting pump is pressure controlled, whereby in the regeneration mode, it is automatically switched to the normal operation in which the supply side of the pressure chamber is connected to the adjusting pump and the return side of the pressure chamber is connected to the tank when the pumping rate falls below the demand for the pressure medium.

Abstract: A pump torque control system is capable of preventing hunting due to interference between speed sensing control and control of an engine speed of a prime mover when the temperature of a hydraulic fluid is low. A maximum absorption torque is set in a regulator 31 that controls displacement volumes of hydraulic pumps 2 and 3 based on a deviation between target and actual engine speeds of a prime mover 1. A second modification factor calculating section 45 and a control gain modifying section 49, which are included in a controller 23 that performs speed sensing control to ensure that the maximum absorption torque of the hydraulic pumps 2 and 3 is reduced, change a control gain of the speed sensing control based on a value detected by the hydraulic temperature sensor 34 to ensure that the control gain is reduced as the temperature of the hydraulic fluid is reduced.

Abstract: The hydrostatic system for the step less rotary movement transmission contains two hydrostatic motors with radial pistons (1 and 2) connected in push-pull configuration, the oil distribution system and the system for elimination of air and other volatile substances from the working spaces. The input of the gear box is connected to the engine (M) and the output is connected to the external load (W). In this push-pull configuration of both hydrostatic motors (1 and 2), the stators (1a and 2a) of both hydrostatic motors (1 and 2) are the active part of the gear box, while, the mounted on one and the same driven shaft (3) rotors (1b and 2b) of both hydrostatic motors (1 and 2) are the passive part of the system. In this configuration, the connection (4) containing the planetary gear box (4a) with the transmission ratio 1:?1 and the shafts (4b) mounted in housing (4c). It creates the situation that the stators (1a and 2a) of both hydrostatic motors have the same rotary speed but in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A control device for an industrial vehicle including an electric storage device, a load device, a hydraulic pump, and a load motor is disclosed. The electric storage device stores regenerative power generated through regenerative braking performed by the travel motor. The hydraulic pump supplies a hydraulic circuit with hydraulic oil to operate the load device. The load motor drives the hydraulic pump. The control device includes a power control unit and a resistance flow passage. The power control unit executes control for supplying the load motor with the regenerative power when the electric storage device is in a fully charged state during regenerative braking performed by the travel motor. The resistance flow passage is arranged in the hydraulic circuit and enables passage of hydraulic oil while applying flow resistance to the hydraulic oil.

Abstract: A closed cycle heat engine is provided. The heat engine includes first and second expansion pistons that are fluidly coupled to a heater. The expansion pistons are also fluidly and operably coupled to a compression piston. A regenerator extracts heat from a working fluid flowing from the expansion cylinders to the compression cylinders to preheat the working fluid flowing to the heater. A cooler is arranged in between the regenerator and the compression cylinder to remove additional heat before the working fluid reaches the compression cylinder. The heat engine is arranged such that the working fluid travels unidirectionally within the engine. The heat engine may further include one or more actuated valves for controlling the flow of the working gas. In one embodiment, the pressure of the crankcase is controlled to be at or less than the heat engine minimum pressure.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device includes: an internal combustion engine in which a cylinder includes a turbo-side exhaust valve that opens and closes an exhaust port that communicates with a turbo-side exhaust passageway that leads to a turbine's inlet opening of a turbosupercharger, and with a bypass-side exhaust valve that opens and closes an exhaust port that communicates with a bypass-side exhaust passageway that bypasses the turbine; a bypass control valve provided on the bypass-side exhaust passageway; an exhaust-side valve-operating device that opens and closes the turbo-side exhaust valve and the bypass-side exhaust valve in accordance with cam profiles that are provided, only one for each of the turbo-side exhaust valve and the bypass-side exhaust valve; and a control portion that controls degree of opening of the bypass control valve according to an operation status of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust system includes a combustion chamber and a radiation source configured to heat particles in an exhaust stream as the stream passes through the chamber. Once the particles are brought to an ignition temperature and begin to burn, the reaction within the chamber can become self-sustaining. The radiation source can comprise a resistive heating element, an infrared emitter, or a microwave emitter. The radiation source may radiate into the chamber through a radiation transparent window. The chamber may have a cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis that is parabolic or partially parabolic. The exhaust system can also comprise a heat exchanger to pre-heat the exhaust before entering the chamber. Embodiments of the system can be configured to additionally perform as a catalytic converter and/or a muffler. A fuel such as urea or ammonia may be used in the heat exchanger for converting oxides of nitrogen. The exhaust system may be disposed between an engine and a turbocharger.

Abstract: An energy storage system for a hybrid vehicle, including an internal combustion engine having an output shaft and a transmission operably coupled to the output shaft, includes a reservoir containing working fluid, a first reversible pump/motor in fluid communication with the reservoir and selectively drivably coupled to the output shaft of the engine, a second reversible pump/motor in fluid communication with the reservoir and selectively drivably coupled to an output shaft of the transmission, and an accumulator containing working fluid and gas. The accumulator is in selective fluid communication with at least one of the first and second reversible pump/motors to deliver pressurized working fluid to the one of the first and second reversible pump/motors when operating as a motor, and to receive pressurized working fluid discharged by the one of the first and second reversible pump/motors when operating as a pump.

Abstract: A method and system for improving the efficiency of a Rankine cycle. The system comprises an accumulator that stores a working fluid, a feed pump that pumps the working fluid from the accumulator into a boiler for heating the working fluid to form a dry saturated vapor. The system includes a turbine that expands the dry saturated vapor for generating power and condensing the dry saturated vapor into a volume of wet vapor, at least one vortex tube separating the wet vapor into a higher temperature component (TH) at hot side and a lower temperature component (TC) at cold side. The system further includes at least one heat exchanger for exchanging heat from the higher to lower temperature components. The vortex tube is adaptable to function in multiple configurations to increase the change in higher and lower temperature components by reducing the quantitative value of the lower temperature component.

Abstract: A method and system for recovering oil is used in an organic rankine cycle (ORC) system to recover oil from an evaporator of the ORC system and return the oil to an oil sump. The ORC system includes an evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and a pump, and is configured to circulate a refrigerant through the ORC system. The oil recovery system includes a recovery line configured to remove a mixture of oil and refrigerant from the evaporator. The mixture of oil and refrigerant passes through a heat exchanger in order to vaporize liquid refrigerant in the mixture and produce a mixture of oil and vaporized refrigerant. A delivery line is configured to deliver the mixture of oil and vaporized refrigerant to the turbine, at which point the oil may be separated from the vaporized refrigerant and recycled back to the oil sump.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine that improves appearance of a combustion oscillation suppressing device disposed to a transition piece of a combustor. To achieve the object, a combustion oscillation suppressing device 34 is disposed to a transition piece 32 of a combustor to define a gas space S, and has a plurality of vent holes 343 through which a gas space L and the inside of the transition piece 32 communicate with each other. The combustion oscillation suppressing device 34 has: a first member 341 that has a substantially U-shaped cross-section formed by press-working, and is disposed on the outer circumference of the transition piece 32 with a substantially U-shaped cross-section opening thereof facing the transition piece 32; and a second member 342 that defines the gas space S between the first member 341 and the second member 342 by blocking the substantially U-shaped cross-section opening of the first member 341, and has the vent holes 343.

Abstract: Disclosed is a premixer for a combustor including an annular outer shell and an annular inner shell. The inner shell defines an inner flow channel inside of the inner shell and is located to define an outer flow channel between the outer shell and the inner shell. A fuel discharge annulus is located between the outer flow channel and the inner flow channel and is configured to inject a fuel flow into a mixing area in a direction substantially parallel to an outer airflow through the outer flow channel and an inner flow through the inner flow channel. Further disclosed are a combustor including a plurality of premixers and a method of premixing air and fuel in a combustor.

Abstract: A turbomachine includes a compressor, a combustor operatively connected to the compressor, an end cover mounted to the combustor, and an injection nozzle assembly operatively connected to the combustor. The injection nozzle assembly includes a cap member having a first surface that extends to a second surface. The cap member further includes a plurality of openings. A plurality of bundled mini-tube assemblies are detachably mounted in the plurality of openings in the cap member. Each of the plurality of bundled mini-tube assemblies includes a main body section having a first end section and a second end section. A fluid plenum is arranged within the main body section. A plurality of tubes extend between the first and second end sections. Each of the plurality of tubes is fluidly connected to the fluid plenum.

Abstract: Discloses a technique for application of an external electric field to a mixture of atomized air, molecularized with fuel to a specific predetermined density, in an annular turbine combustor configuration. An electric current is distributed into the atomized air by a plurality of ion plasma fuel injector devices to affect the propagation speed, stability, flame size and shape and combustion chemistry of the fuel air mixture at the flame front.

Abstract: In a combustor for a turbine a cover sleeve is disposed between the aft end portion of the combustor liner and a resilient seal structure to define an air flow passage therebetween. The cover sleeve has at a forward end thereof a plurality of air inlet feed holes for directing cooling air into the air flow passage. A radially outer surface of the combustor liner aft end portion defining the air flow passage includes a plurality of turbulators projecting towards but spaced from the cover sleeve and a plurality of supports extending to and engaging the cover sleeve to space the cover sleeve from the turbulators to define the air flow passage.

Abstract: A gas turbine component in which combustion occurs. The gas turbine component includes a liner, including a first surface facing a first space and a second surface facing a second space, the liner being interposed between the first and second spaces and having a through-hole defined therein extending from the first to the second surface by which incoming flows proceed from the first space and to the second space. At least the first surface is formed to flow condition the incoming flows to resist separating from sidewalls of the through-hole.

Abstract: A method for protecting a burner from being heated excessively during the combustion of a fuel in a combustion chamber is provided. The fuel is injected through a fuel nozzle at the same time as an inert gas in the surroundings of the injected fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in such a manner that the fuel is separated spatially from an oxidizer by the inert gas until an ignitable mixture of the fuel is produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turbine engine (100) for aircraft comprising a gas generator (14) as well as a receiver (30) driven by a power turbine (34, 38), this receiver comprising a propeller (32) driven by a free power turbine (34) provided with an outer case (40), the propeller (32) having a propeller case (46) located radially outwards relatively to the outer case (40), and from which blades (48) protrude radially outwards. According to the invention, it comprises an electric power generator (60), the rotor (62) of which centred on the longitudinal axis (2) of the turbine engine, is driven into rotation by the power turbine (34) while being attached on the propeller case (46).

Abstract: A compact heat exchanger pedestal array for augmenting heat transfer in a machine is disclosed. The compact heat exchanger pedestal array includes a wall having first and second surfaces. The first surface faces a heated flow path and the second surface partially forms a flow path for cooling fluid. A plurality of pedestals extend from the second surface of the wall. At least one turbulator strip extends between adjacent pedestals. The turbulator strips and pedestals are operable for mixing the cooling fluid to increase heat transfer from the wall to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frozen aerated frozen food product having an overrun of at least 30% comprising 0.001 to 10 weight-% (wt-%), based on the total weight of the frozen aerated food product, of surface-active fibres.

Abstract: A method for operating an ice cube maker having an ice dish, at least one ice cube compartment that is filled with water and in which ice is produced by cooling, and two poles between which a field is generated and which are disposed such that at least part of the water is in the field. The method includes pouring the water into the ice dish; cooling the water; removing frozen ice from the ice dish; and applying a field to at least part of the water.

Abstract: One embodiment includes an on-board thermoelectric vehicle system for generating electrical energy using a heated fluid stream, including at least one thermoelectric device having a high temperature junction and a low temperature junction, and a body of high conductivity foam shaped and located to increase heat transfer from the heated fluid stream to the high temperature junction or to increase heat transfer from the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device.

Abstract: A temperature controlled food storage unit is provided with a Peltier device (18) to effectuate the temperature of food place in a thermally conductive container or basin (24). Air from a fan (52) is passed through an air duct (50) and over a heat sink (22), which is thermally coupled to one side of the Peltier device (18). A hand-operated damper (54, 64) is used to control the air flow through the air duct (50) and over the heat sink (22) thereby controlling heat exchange between the Peltier device (18) and ambient air.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit is constituted of a thermoelectric module and a heat exchanger. The thermoelectric module includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode, and a plurality of thermoelectric elements interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, wherein the heat exchanger composed of aluminum or aluminum alloy having high thermal conductivity is attached to the upper electrode and/or the lower electrode via an insulating layer. The surface roughness of the heat exchanger adjoined to the insulating layer is controlled to be less than 4.7 ?m and greater than 0.1 ?m. This prevents cracks and fractures from being formed in the insulating layer, which is thus improved in adhesion with the heat exchanger. Thus, it is possible to demonstrate high heat-absorption/dissipation performance and high reliability in the heat exchange unit due to a reduced thermal resistance between the thermoelectric module and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A closed cycle Stirling cryogenic cooler, typically utilizing a noble gas (He or like) as a working fluid and containing a pneumatically driven expander interconnected with a low frequency pressure wave generator using a flexible transfer line or conduit, wherein the pressure wave generator includes a sealed gas discharge cavity containing the pressurised working fluid and a plurality of discharge electrodes which are electrically isolated, protrude through the walls of the cavity and are electrically connected to the high frequency pulse voltage supply, thus producing the glow discharge resulting in a cloud of cold plasma, making a so-called “plasmanized gas piston”.

Abstract: A method of transporting natural gas by cooling and pressurizing retained natural gas to liquefy the retained natural gas within a fiber reinforced plastic pressure vessel.

Abstract: An exhaust system includes an entrapment vacuum pump equipped with a refrigerator, a master compressor which is driven in a driving frequency band to make constant a pressure difference between gas recovered from the refrigerator via a low-pressure gas recovery pipe and compressed gas supplied to the refrigerator via a high-pressure gas supply pipe, and a first sub-compressor which is driven at a predetermined driving frequency to supply compressed gas at a first gas volume to the refrigerator via a high-pressure gas supply pipe from gas recovered from the refrigerator via a low-pressure gas recovery pipe.

Abstract: Heat exchanger, in particular for use in a climate chamber, as well as to a climate chamber provided with such a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger essentially comprises a panel-shaped body (21) of heat-conducting material, which body is provided with fluid lines (22, 23, 24) for the passage of a fluid. The panel-shaped body (21) is provided with perforations (25, 26) for the passage of a gas stream (A) directed transversely to the plane of the panel-shaped body. The heat exchanger is furthermore provided with a medium, supply duct. (27) for supplying a gaseous medium to a plurality of gassing ducts (28). The gassing ducts (28) run parallel to one another along the panel-shaped body (21) and the interior of each gassing duct in each case touches a part of the panel-shaped body (21).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for circulating air within an icemaker compartment of a refrigerator are disclosed. The method includes the steps of activating the icemaker, filling the ice cavities with water, and activating the fan after a predetermined time after the ice cavities are filled with water. The apparatus includes a food storage compartment, an access door operable to selectively close the food storage compartment, an icemaker compartment on the access door, an icemaker disposed in the icemaker compartment, the icemaker including an ice mold body defining a plurality of ice cavities, an ice storage bin disposed in the icemaker compartment, a fan for distributing cold air within the icemaker compartment, at least one heating element attached to the ice mold body, a coolant pump, and a controller for regulating the fan and the coolant pump.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a low charge condition in an air conditioner for a vehicle. The system first determines whether noise factors are present that would interfere with reliably measuring a pressure delta. If noise factors are not present, the system determines a pressure delta value for the compressor by comparing the high side pressure when the clutch is engaged to a high side pressure when the clutch is disengaged. If the pressure delta value is less than a threshold value, a low charge condition may be recorded. When the number of low charge conditions detected exceeds a predetermined number of events, the system may set a temperature diagnostic trouble code, disable the air conditioning system and alert the driver of a potential problem.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for supercooling and a method of operating the same which can solve supercooling release of a supercooled space and prevent external exposure of energy such as an electric field. The apparatus for supercooling includes a space cooled by cool air, for maintaining an inside object in a supercooled state by supply of energy preventing the object from being converted into a solid phase, a sensing unit for sensing supercooling release of the space or the object, and a heater engaged with the sensing unit, for applying heat to the space or the object.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising HFC-1225ye and other compounds that are useful as heat transfer fluids, including refrigerants, in a flooded evaporator chiller, a direct expansion chiller or a closed loop heat transfer system, such as a mobile air conditioning system. The compositions are also useful as cleaning solvents, aerosol propellants, foam blowing agents, fire extinguishing or suppression agents and sterilants. Also disclosed are methods for producing cooling and methods for replacing HFC-134a in a flooded evaporator chiller, a direct expansion chiller or a closed loop heat transfer system using such compositions.

Abstract: A plurality of scroll compressors with different fixed volume indexes are connected in fluid parallel circuit and configured to selectively operate to maximize isentropic efficiency at different condensing temperatures. Different quantities of scroll compressors of different volume indexes may be selected based upon typical climate or geographic location environmental conditions to attempt to maximize efficiency. A controller may selectively operate different combinations of the compressors of different volume indexes bases up load demands and condensing temperature conditions, which may be determined in a variety of ways.