Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for reliable ultra-high purity (UHP) helium gas supply and maintaining dedicated onsite inventory. Specifically, the invention employs multiple ISO containers whereby vaporized UHP helium in the standby ISO container(s) is used to build-up pressure in the online ISO container. The thermal shields of the ISO containers can be used to decrease heat leaks into the backup ISO container thereby decreasing helium vaporation rate and the amount of gas needed to be withdrawn in order to maintain the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of the vessel. An even lower supply rate is possible by drawing UHP helium gas using an economizer valve but maintaining liquid in the ISO container. This makes it possible to efficiently manage the supply rate, from low flows to higher flow requirements, and to optimize UHP helium draw rate from the storage vessels.

Abstract: An automatic icemaker according to the present invention is capable of being installed in a freezing compartment and automatically making and discharging ice cubes, the automatic ice-making comprising at least one ice-making tray having a plurality of small ice-making compartments, partitions disposed between respective adjacent small ice-making compartments, and groove-shaped water-passage channels formed in portions of the partitions which are offset from centers of the partitions, and a rotating device for rotating the ice-making tray, wherein water is supplied after the ice-making tray is inclined at a water supply angle less than a water filling angle in such a direction that the water passage channels face downward.

Abstract: Proposed is a performance detection method for use in detection of performance characteristics of air conditioning equipment. The method includes, for the standard operational status for the air conditioning equipment, capturing a plurality of standard operational parameters to generate performance models; and, during the actual operational status, capturing a plurality of actual operational parameters for conducting analysis based on performance models so as to determine the performance characteristics of the air conditioning equipment and send out a warning when the performance characteristics of the air conditioning equipment are determined to be abnormal. The invention improves on the detection accuracy of prior techniques and enables effective control of air conditioning equipment that eventually saves electrical power and costs as a result.

Abstract: A split type potable water extractor from ambient air and water dispenser is invented, comprising separate water generating block located outside a water use area and water dispensing block located inside a water use area. The water generator block cycles refrigerant through a condenser and an evaporator to create condensation by heat exchange with ambient air circulated by an intake airflow system. The condensate water is collected and purified in a cascade of bactericidal loop to remove impurities. The purified water is pumped to a dispensing apparatus that can be installed in the home or other area of water use separate from the water generating block. If any one of the functional parts or units of water generator is disabled the water generator immediately stops operating to deliver water to the tank of the dispensing apparatus.

Abstract: Refrigeration systems for machines for making blended iced beverages make ice for use in the beverages and maintain beverage ingredients cold not only as the ingredients are stored in supply containers in the machine but also as they are delivered from the supply containers to a remote point of delivery at a beverage ingredient dispense station. Arrangements are disclosed in which a single refrigeration system makes ice and chills the beverage ingredients; in which a pair of refrigeration systems make ice and chill the beverage ingredients; in which a single refrigeration system makes ice and the ice is used to chill the beverage ingredients; and in which a single refrigeration system makes ice and melt water from the ice is used in chilling the beverage ingredients.

Abstract: The pre-cooler includes one or more cells which are oriented about an air stream to be cooled. A housing defines a perimeter of the cell with an inlet and outlet for air passing therethrough. Water outlet nozzles within the housing are preferably supported upon bars which orient the nozzles facing in a direction counter to flow of air through the housing. Each nozzle is coupled to a separate stage with multiple stages of nozzles coupled to separate valves. A controller opens or closes different valves. The controller measures ambient humidity and temperature conditions as well as air flow rates to calculate the amount of water to be added to the air and then opens appropriate numbers of stages of valves so that an appropriate number of nozzles spray water into the air to saturate the air. Flow rate control is thus provided without pressure variations, for optimal nozzle performance.

Abstract: Heat transfer systems, methods and compositions which utilize a heat transfer fluid comprising: (a) from about 30% to about 65% by weight of HFC-134a; (b) from about 0% to about 70% by weight of HFO1234ze; and (c) from about 0% to about 70% by weight of HFO-1234yf, provided that the amount of HFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf in the composition together is at least about 35% by weight, with the weight percent being based on the total of the components (a)-(c) in the composition.

Abstract: A system for cooling a medium includes a line having coolant flowing therein, and a sub-cooling unit in fluid communication with the line. The sub-cooling unit receives a portion of the coolant diverted from the line to cool coolant flowing in the line. A method of cooling a medium is further disclosed.

Abstract: The subject system is an air conditioner system for vehicles that uses compressed air as the means of powering the airconditioner refrigerant cycle instead of mechanical or electrical means. The subject system is designed to capture and store braking energy by compressing air and recharging a compressed air reservoir while the vehicle is under deceleration. The air compressor can also be powered from the main vehicle engine or motor to recharge the compressed air reservoir at other times. The stored compressed air system allows the air conditioner to be operated independently of the main vehicle motor. This system does not provide motive power for the vehicle.

Abstract: An ice maker and a refrigerator having the ice maker are disclosed. The ice maker includes: an ice making tray having a plurality of cells; an ejector disposed at one side of the ice making tray and separating ice within the cells; and a driving motor installed at an upper side of the ice making tray and providing a driving force to the ejector. The size of the ice making tray can be increased in a lengthwise direction to increase the ice making capacity. The ice maker can be suitably installed at an inner side of a door where a horizontal width can be hardly changed.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a method for controlling the same are provided. More particularly, the refrigerator is provided with a dispenser having a cavity for a cup, dispenser doors that open and close the cavity, and a door driver positioned in the dispenser that drives the dispenser doors. The dispenser doors may be automatically controlled to open and close, thereby improving cleanliness and an exterior appearance of the refrigerator by reducing dust accumulation in the dispenser during periods of non-use.

Abstract: To obtain an air conditioner which ensures safe operation and protection of the device and can carry out an operation with favorable energy efficiency by efficiently compressing the refrigerant. The air conditioner 100 is capable of performing a cooling/heating mixed operation, constituting a refrigerant circuit by piping connection of a heat-source side unit 10 having a heat-source side heat exchanger 15 and a compressor 11, a plurality of load-side units 50 having a load-side throttle device 51 and a load-side heat exchanger 52, and a cooling/heating branch unit 30 having a gas/liquid separator 31.

Abstract: A refrigerant expansion valve for a refrigerant system includes a main body, a motor and first and second members. The main body has a refrigerant flow passage that extends therethrough. The first and second members are connected together and are configured with threads that have a different pitch to allow for relative movement between both members and the main body. The motor is positioned adjacent the main body and is coupled to the first member. The motor actuates the first member in response to control signals to move the second member within the main body to modulate the flow of refrigerant through the refrigerant flow passage.

Abstract: A refrigerant vapor compression system includes a flash tank disposed in series refrigerant flow relationship in the refrigerant circuit intermediate a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat absorption heat exchanger. A primary expansion valve is interdisposed in the refrigerant circuit upstream of the refrigerant heat absorption heat exchanger and a secondary expansion valve is interdisposed in the refrigerant circuit upstream of the flash tank. A refrigerant vapor line is provided to direct refrigerant vapor from the flash tank to an intermediate pressure stage of the compression process. A refrigerant-to-refrigerant heat exchanger operates to transfer heat from refrigerant flowing through the primary refrigerant circuit to refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant vapor line.

Abstract: A refrigeration system is provided, such as for use with chillers. The system uses a tube-side condenser, such as a microchannel condenser, along with a shell-side evaporator such as a falling film evaporator. A flash tank economizer is disposed between the condenser and the evaporator, and an inlet valve to the flash tank is controlled based upon subcooling of condensate from the condenser. The vapor exiting the flash tank may be fed via an economizer line to a system compressor. Liquid phase refrigerant combined with some gas phase refrigerant exits the flash tank and is directed through an orifice before entering the evaporator.

Abstract: The invention is a different scheme plant which changes radically the method of conception of all refrigeration systems, conditioning and heat pump. Sistema F.e.e. shocks all previous concepts regarding the disposal of process heat coming from any industrial production. Sistema F.e.e. is an integrated system in an artificial environment which recovers and utilizes each possible source of thermal energy, to the limit of utilizing the thermal energy which comes from scraps of production auxiliary to its own disposal. Sistema F.e.e. has been the beginning of the third great industrial revolution, which is the energetic revolution in respecting nature. Sistema F.e.e. is instead integrated to nature; our system is the point of beginning which marks the end of the oil and petroleum era.

Abstract: The invention relates to a facility for producing sanitary hot water for congregate housing (1) that comprises a plurality of water heaters (2) each intended to equip a plurality of individual dwellings (2) in the housing (1). Each water heater includes a tank (3) containing a fluid to be heated, each dwelling (2) being further equipped with at least one air extraction duct (4), in particular in the technical rooms (5), connected to an air extraction network (8) that is common to the different dwellings (2). Each dwelling further includes a heat exchange means (10) adapted for exchanging heat between the extracted air flowing in the air extraction duct (4) and the fluid contained in the tank (3) so as to heat the fluid in order to produce sanitary hot water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, such as a water cooled charge air cooler, is disclosed for cooling of charge air with the aid of coolant. In at least one embodiment, the heat exchanger includes charge air tubes and coolant turbulators made of corrugated sheet metal interposed between the air tubes. The turbulators define coolant channels and including at least one turbulating device provided therein. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, at least one channel includes at least one continuously shaped side wall which is non-apertured along its entire length and thus promotes coolant flow along the channel by inhibiting cross flow of coolant to a neighbouring channel.

Abstract: A direct expansion evaporator for making a frozen product from raw material includes a feeding channel, a heat exchange channel thermally communicating with the feeding channel, and a refrigerant flowing within the heat exchange channel for exchanging heat between the raw material within the feeding channel and the refrigerant within the heat exchange channel in an expanded evaporation manner. Therefore, the refrigerant releases the thermal energy via the phase changing from liquid to gaseous state of the refrigerant. The heat exchange channel has a pre-cooling portion for pre-cooling the raw material at a predetermined temperature and a freezing portion for freezing the raw material to a final predetermined temperature of the frozen product in two-stage evaporation manner. Thus, the direction expansion evaporator provides a relatively more efficient way for making the frozen product, so as to increase the quality of the frozen product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an icemaker of a refrigerator including an ice dispersing unit to disperse ice for uniform distribution of ice in an ice making container. The icemaker includes an ice making unit to make ice, and an ice making container to receive ice separated from the ice making unit. The icemaker further includes an ice dispersing unit arranged between the ice making unit and the ice making container. The ice dispersing unit serves to guide the ice moving from the ice making unit to the ice making container, to assure uniform distribution of the ice in the ice making container.

Abstract: An ice-making machine comprising a box-shaped lower housing provided therein with an ice storage bin, a box-shaped upper housing mounted on a rear portion of the lower housing, an ice-making mechanism assembled within the front portion of a machine compartment formed in the upper housing, and a freezing unit installed behind the ice-making mechanism for supplying refrigerant to the ice-making mechanism, wherein an open-and-close lid is mounted on an opening formed between the lower end of the front face of the upper housing and the upper end of the front face of the lower housing, and wherein an air intake passage is formed to cause outside air introduced from the front face of the lower housing to flow as cooling air into the machine compartment along inner surfaces of one side wall and the rear wall of the lower housing, and an air discharge passage is formed to cause the air after cooling to flow outward along inner surfaces of the rear wall and the other side wall of the lower housing and to discharge to

Abstract: An evaporator includes a cylindrical aluminum pipe, and two aluminum flanges which are fixed to both end surfaces of the aluminum pipe by screws. Screw holes into which screws are inserted can be formed in the wall of the aluminum pipe in a direction of the axis of the aluminum pipe simultaneously upon extrusion of the aluminum pipe. Communicating holes formed in the flanges communicate each set of two adjacent through holes among a plurality of the through holes formed in the wall of the aluminum pipe, thereby constructing one continuous coolant flow path inside the evaporator.

Abstract: An icemaker in a refrigerator is disclosed, by which heat generated from a heater to detach ice is prevented from being transferred to an inside of the refrigerator. The present invention includes an icemaker body provided to a prescribed position of the refrigerator to make to ice from a supplied water, a heater provided to the icemaker body to generate heat to facilitate detachment of the made ice, and a heater shielding unit provided to prevent the heat generated from the heater from being supplied to an inside of the refrigerator.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a dispenser for supplying selected supply objects such as water, ice, and the like, including: a dispenser body; a button unit formed on the dispenser body and selecting types of supply objects; and a supply object display unit for displaying differently according to types of supply objects selected via the button unit. A display lamp unit includes a water supply lamp, an ice cube supply lamp and a crushed ice supply lamp to correspond to a water supply button, an ice cube supply button and a crushed ice supply button of the button unit, and the water supply lamp, the ice cube supply lamp and the crushed ice supply lamp implement different colors, whereby different colors may be implemented at the display lamp unit according to types of supply objects selected via the button unit.

Abstract: An output unit of a refrigeration device having a niche with a rear wall, which is provided with a cover, and a method of installing the output unit. The cover includes a dish-shaped section, which is curved inward into the niche and bounded by opposite edge sections, which are connected with a niche frame. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the edge sections at front supporting surfaces of the niche frame are held in contact in an installation end position, wherein the dish-shaped section is pulled by fastening means against the rear wall of the niche. By these means, it is ensured that the narrowest or most uniform gap possible between the cover and the place of installation is guaranteed and, in addition, fastening means are not visible to the user.

Abstract: A centrifugal fan 1 includes a plurality of blades 44 having a three-dimensional shape, a main plate 43, an annular side plate 45, and a motor 41 for rotating the blades 44 via the main plate 43. One end face of each blade 44 in the span direction is fixed to the main plate 43, such that the blades 44 are spaced at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction. The annular side plate 45 is provided at the other end faces of the blades 44 in the span direction. The radial length of a trailing edge 44b of each blade 44 at a part close to the main plate 43 is set longer than the radial length of the trailing edge 44b of each blade 44 at a part close to the side plate 45.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a cabinet configured to define an exterior boundary of the refrigerator. The refrigerator also includes a first storage configured to store food stuffs and a first door configured to open and close the first storage chamber. The refrigerator further includes a second storage chamber defined at a side of the first door, and configured to enable access to food stuffs while the first door remains and a second door located in a predetermined portion of the first door, and configured to open and close the second storage chamber, wherein a rotation direction of the second door is identical to a rotation direction of the first door.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a cabinet configured to define an exterior boundary of the refrigerator with at least one opening therein. The refrigerator also includes a first storage chamber defined by interior walls of the cabinet and configured to store food stuffs and a first door configured to open and close the first storage chamber by rotating about a rotational axis. The refrigerator further includes a second storage chamber that is smaller than the first storage chamber defined at a side of the first door, and that is configured to enable access to food stuffs while the first door remains closed and a second door, located in a predetermined portion of the first door, configured to open and close the second storage chamber by rotating the rotational axis, wherein a rotation direction of the second door is identical to the rotation direction of the first door.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed, comprising, a partition member configured to partition a front opening of a cooling chamber into a plurality of small openings, and an assembly guide formed between the partition member and a refrigerator main body and configured to guide the coupling of the partition member, whereby the partition member can fast easily be coupled to an accurate position and a malfunction and a leakage of cold air can be avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator having a drawer cover, in which a drawer cover is disposed above a drawer accommodated inside a cooling chamber so as to be slidable in front and rear directions, and a pressurizing unit is disposed for pressurizing the drawer and the drawer cover so as to closely contact each other when the drawer is accommodated, thereby preventing moisture evaporation from food stored in the drawer, thus to keep food inside the drawer in a fresh condition for a longer period of time.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricant composition for a refrigerator having the following characteristics: the composition being used for a refrigerator using a refrigerant having a specific structure such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound serving as a refrigerant having a low global warming potential and usable particularly in current air-conditioning system for cars; the composition having excellent stability as well as excellent compatibility with the refrigerant; the composition including a base oil containing a polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative as a main component and 1 to 20% by mass of a monoepoxy compound based on the total amount of the composition; and the refrigerator using a refrigerant containing at least one kind of fluorine-containing organic compound selected from compounds represented by the molecular formula (A) CpOqFrRs or including a combination of the fluorine-containing organic compound and a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.

Abstract: A refrigerating apparatus includes a refrigerating cycle including a compressor, a condenser, a flow divider, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a decompressing device, and an evaporator. The refrigerant cycle has sealed therein a mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing at least first to third refrigerants with different evaporation temperatures. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger each includes a double pipe to form a first flow passage in an inner pipe of the double pipe, a second flow passage in an outer pipe of the double pipe, and an intermediate port in a piping connecting between the second flow passage of the first heat exchanger and the second flow passage of the second heat exchanger. A high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor is cooled by the condenser to liquefy the first refrigerant having a high evaporation temperature into a liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerating cycle apparatus in which, even if large power is required to start up an expander, the expander may be started up by activating a compressor. An air conditioner including a first compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger for radiating heat of the refrigerant compressed by the first compressor, an expander for decompressing the refrigerant that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger in which the refrigerant decompressed by the expander is evaporated, and a drive shaft for recovering power that is generated when the refrigerant is decompressed by the expander includes an on-off valve which is provided between the expander and the indoor heat exchanger and controls movement of the refrigerant from the expander to the indoor heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioner (10) includes a refrigerant circuit (20) including a plurality of indoor heat exchangers (27). A controller (1) for controlling operation of the air conditioner (10) includes a change unit (5) configured to change a set temperature Tem to a value larger than a current value when the minimum target superheat degree SHsm of target superheat degrees SHs determined for the respective indoor heat exchangers (27) is higher than a predetermined value SHt.

Abstract: In a refrigeration apparatus (1) for which refrigerant containing a compound represented by a molecular formula of C3HmFn(note that m=1-5, n=1-5, and m+n=6) is used, a compressor including a first compression mechanism (20A) and a second compression mechanism (20B) inside a casing (11) is used in order to reduce or prevent decomposition of refrigerant due to an increase in discharge temperature of a compressor (10) performing a compression phase of refrigerant in a refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas. An initial hydrocarbon stream is passed through a first separator to provide an initial overhead stream and a mixed hydrocarbon feed stream. The initial overhead stream is cooled to provide a cooled hydrocarbon stream such as LNG, and at least a C1 overhead stream and one or more C2, C3 and C4 overhead streams are separated from the mixed hydrocarbon feed stream. At least a fraction of at least one of the group comprising: the C2 overhead stream, the C3 overhead stream and the C4 overhead stream is cooled with the C1 overhead stream to provide a cooled stream, which is further cooled against at least a fraction of the cooled, preferably liquefied, hydrocarbon stream to provide an at least partly liquefied cooled stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the separation of CO2 from a gaseous feed stream, comprising the subsequent steps of: a) cooling a porous body in the form of a fixed bed (101,102,103) to a temperature below the sublimation temperature of CO2 to obtain a cold body; b) contacting a gaseous feed stream (120) comprising CO2 and one or more other gaseous compounds with the surface of the cold body to obtain a body comprising solid CO2 and a CO2-depleted effluent gas (124); and c) removing the solid CO2 by exposing the porous body comprising solid CO2 to a fluid CO2 stream (130) having a temperature above the sublimation temperature of CO2 whereby fluid CO2 (136) and a warm porous body are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a gas mixture comprising dinitrogen monoxide, at least comprising the at least partial condensation of a gas mixture G-I comprising dinotrogen monoxide to obtain a liquid composition C-1 comprising dinitrogen monoxide, and the contacting of the composition C-1 with a gas mixture M-1 to obtain a composition C-2 and a gas mixture M-2.

Abstract: A first contaminant selected from oxygen and carbon monoxide is removed from impure liquid carbon dioxide using a mass transfer separation column system which is reboiled by indirect heat exchange against crude carbon dioxide fluid, the impure liquid carbon dioxide having a greater concentration of carbon dioxide than the crude carbon dioxide fluid. The invention has particular application in the recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas generated in an oxyfuel combustion process or waste gas from a hydrogen PSA process. Advantages include reducing the level of the first contaminant to not more than 1000 ppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device used for the low-temperature separation of air in a distillation column system, comprising at least one high-pressure column (11) and a low-pressure column (12). The method has a high pre-liquifaction of 30% or more. Feed air is introduced into the distillation column system. The distillation column system further has a pre-column (10), the operating pressure of which is higher than the operating pressure of the high-pressure column (11). A first partial stream (1) of the feed air is introduced into the pre-column (10). The pre-column (10) has a head condenser (14), which is configured as a condenser-evaporator having a condensation chamber and an evaporation chamber. A gaseous fraction (30, 31) from the upper region of the pre-column (10) is introduced into the condensation chamber of the head condenser (14). Fluid (6) formed in the condensation chamber is at least partially applied to the pre-column (10) as runback (7).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing cross-corrugated packings is provided.

Abstract: A column with exchange packing for the exchange of heat and/or of material between a descending liquid and an ascending gas, of the type comprising at least one exchange section comprising several superposed portions of packing, either defined between two liquid distributors or defined between a fluid inlet or outlet and a liquid distributor or between a first fluid inlet or outlet and a second fluid inlet or outlet or comprising a minimum of 2 packing modules and a maximum of 20 packing modules that are superposed, preferably directly, on one another, this exchange section comprising a lower portion and, above that, another portion. It applies particularly to air distillation columns is presented.

Abstract: A method is provided of refurbishing a quartz glass component which has been contaminated and eroded due to continuous use in a plasma process apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing. In the method, a surface deposit on the quartz glass component is removed by an appropriate cleaning method which is determined depending on the contamination status, and presence or absence of residual deposit on the cleaned component is carefully inspected through irradiating with light of a predetermined wavelength to cause fluorescence effect. Then the eroded portion of the quartz glass component is restored to the original state by flame treatment and precision machining. As a result, the refurbishment method can increase the mechanical strength of the quartz glass component, enhance the productivity and yield ratio through efficient use of the remaining materials of the quartz glass.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for making a glass material are provided. The apparatus comprises a level sensor configured to measure a level of molten glass within a glass melter, a level controller operatively connected to the level sensor, a batch material sensor configured to measure a characteristic of a quantity of batch material, an estimator operatively connected to the batch material sensor, a batch fill rate controller configured to calculate a speed command, and a batch delivery device configured to fill the glass melter. The methods comprise the steps of controlling an actual batch fill rate of batch material entering the glass melter. The step of controlling further comprises estimating a batch fill rate of batch material entering the glass melter, and controlling the actual batch fill rate based on a comparison between a predetermined batch fill rate and the estimated batch fill rate.

Abstract: A method for producing transparent conductive glass by a) depositing two barrier layers on the surface of hot glass by chemical vapor deposition; and b) depositing two conductive film layers on the surface of the glass ribbon having the two barrier layers. The method is easy to control and suitable for mass production. The resultant transparent conductive glass has low surface resistance and moderate haze.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lower molding die for receiving a molten glass droplet which is dripped. A cover layer is formed on a substrate with an intermediate layer therebetween, and a roughening process is performed on the surface of the cover layer in order to increase arithmetic average roughness Ra. The surface of the cover layer subjected to the roughening process has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.01 ?m or more, and an average length RSm of a roughness curvilinear element of 0.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method of making sheet glass using a pulling roll comprised of a high-temperature millboard material. The millboard comprises aluminosilicate refractory fiber, silicate, mica, and kaolin clay. A method of manufacturing a pulling roll is disclosed, together with a roll produced by the methods disclosed herein. The method comprises forming a pulling roll and densifying at least a portion of the pulling roll by exposing to the pulling roll to high temperatures.

Abstract: A glass ribbon coated with a flexible material, the flexible coating forming a flexible web portion that extends from an edge of the glass ribbon at least one millimeter. The flexible web portion can be used to facilitate handling of the glass ribbon in a manufacturing process, and may include registration markings, or perforations, that further facilitate precise positioning of the ribbon.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a primary preform for optical fibres using an internal vapour deposition process including the steps of providing a substrate tube having supply and discharge sides, surrounding at least part of the tube by a furnace, supplying glass-forming gases to the interior of the tube via the supply side, creating a reaction zone with conditions such that deposition of glass will take place on the inner surface of the tube, and moving the reaction zone back and forth along the length of the tube between reversal points near the supply and discharge sides to form one or more preform layers on the inner surface of the tube, wherein both reversal points are surrounded by the furnace.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a primary preform for optical fibres using an internal vapour deposition process including the steps of providing a substrate tube having supply and discharge sides, surrounding at least part of the tube by a furnace set at a temperature T0, supplying doped or undoped gases via the supply side, creating a reaction zone to promote deposition, and moving the zone back and forth along the length of the tube between reversal points near the supply and discharge sides to form at least one preform layer, which at least one layer comprises several glass layers.