Abstract: A method of switching an electrically actuated variable transmission layer is disclosed. The layer is between a first electrode and a second electrode, and when a sufficiently high frequency alternating electric field is applied between the first and second electrodes, a selective region of the layer in between the first and second electrodes is switched. Apparatus for use as a glazing pane having a sheet of glazing material and an electrically actuated variable transmission layer facing the sheet of glazing material is also disclosed. The layer is sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode. There is an electric field generator in electrical communication with the electrodes and being configured to produce an alternating electric field of sufficient strength and of a sufficiently high frequency to switch a selected region of the layer in between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Example embodiments are directed to a switching device of an active display device and a method of driving the switching device, such that electrical reliability of the active display device is improved. The switching device of the active display device includes a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs) that are connected in series. Except for a refresh time duration during which the plurality of TFTs of the switching device are simultaneously turned ON, a positive voltage is applied to at least one of the plurality of TFTs of the switching device so that a reliability of the switching device may be improved.

Abstract: A flat panel display having an improved picture quality is disclosed. In on embodiment, a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode are formed in each subpixel area. The electrodes enclose an open space (gap) such that their outer boundary has a substantially rectangular shape. The flat panel display may also include a capacitance electrode coupled to the second pixel electrode to form a coupling capacitor. In use, the coupling capacitor operates such that a magnitude of a voltage applied to the first pixel electrode is lower than an applied data voltage, and a magnitude of a voltage applied to the second pixel electrode is higher than an applied voltage. The different voltages operate such that a tilt direction of LC molecules disposed above the first pixel electrode differs from a tilt direction of LC molecules disposed above the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device that can be manufactured inexpensively by allowing easy, proper installation of additional light sources, and the manufacturing method for the same. The liquid crystal display device (1) includes a liquid crystal panel (2) having a CF substrate (4) and an array substrate (5) (a pair of substrates). The display device further includes an LED (a light source) (9), and a light guide plate (10) disposed so as to receive the light from the LED (9) and so as to face the liquid crystal panel (2), for projecting the incident light to the liquid crystal panel (2). The array substrate (5) includes a mounting section (5b) for mounting the LED (9) in a manner that the LED (9) faces the light guide plate (10).

Abstract: Provided is a backlight unit within a liquid crystal display (LCD) device where the backlight unit includes one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB). Positioning of the PCB and its LEDs is provided by a PCB fixing member which includes a base portion and a support portion extending upward from a surface of the base portion. The PCB fixing member is structured to transfer heat energy away from the PCB and to an attached portion of the LCD device such as to a lower housing which houses the PCB and the PCB fixing member. The PCB fixing member includes a press-fit insertion groove into which at least part of the PCB can be easily inserted, thus simplifying manufacturing while assuring appropriate heat dissipation.

Abstract: A backlight unit and a display module employing the backlight unit, the backlight unit including a light guide panel for guiding light to a display apparatus for displaying an image; and a plurality of light source devices arranged in a side portion of the light guide panel, wherein the plurality of light source devices are electrically connected to each other by connecting units having conductivity. The display module may be further slimmed since the limitation due to the thickness of a light source device circuit board is eliminated.

Abstract: An area light source device that is capable of more evenly emitting light and capable of enhancing the light emission luminance by exiting light of narrower directional characteristics. A light guide substrate includes a light introducing section and a light guide plate main body for exiting the light from a light exit surface. A number of diffusion patterns are formed at the light exit surface. A low refraction index layer is formed at the lower surface of the light guide plate main body, and a reflection layer is formed at the lower surface of the low refraction index layer. The point light source is arranged at a position facing the end face of the light introducing section. A tapered portion inclined to gradually increase the thickness of the light introducing section the farther away from the light source is arranged on the upper surface of the light introducing section.

Abstract: A display system includes a reflective display panel and a light source tailored to enhance the color gamut of the system. The panel, which may be a Cholesteric liquid crystal display panel, includes an array of reflective pixels, each pixel comprising a first, second, and third subpixel of different first, second, and third colors. The light source illuminates a front of the display panel with source light to enable observers to view images formed by the panel. The light source includes a lamp and an enhancing element. The lamp, which may be a metal halide lamp, emits lamp light that includes the first, second, and third colors. The enhancing element may be an optical filter, a supplemental LED light source or other light source, or both. The enhancing element enhances the system color gamut, for example, by increasing the color gamut area relative to illumination with the lamp alone.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal film and a polarizing plate on a backlight source side. A transflective liquid crystal display device includes an uniaxially anisotropic film (a quarter wave plate) and a polarizing plate on a visual confirmation side. The liquid crystal film has the nematic hybrid orientation, in which a polymeric liquid crystal substance formed in a liquid state is fixed. The optical axis of the anisotropic film is disposed to be orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to that of the liquid crystal film.

Abstract: Liquid crystal cells and lenses having a variable resulting pre-tilt across two or more areas of the cell, and in particular, cells and lenses are provided wherein a resulting pre-tilt is varied across the cell according to any desired birefringence profile that can be utilized in liquid crystalline optical elements and liquid crystal displays. Methods of fabrication of the liquid crystal cells with variable resulting pre-tilt are disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel and a phase difference plate. The liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate provided therein with pixel areas to display an image, an opposite substrate which faces the array substrate, and a blue-phase liquid crystal which is interposed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate. A reflective peak wavelength indicated by the peak reflectance of the blue-phase liquid crystal is positioned in the wavelength band of a visible light. The phase difference plate is provided above or below the liquid crystal display panel. The driving voltage and the memory ratio of the blue-phase liquid crystal are reduced, and the light leakage caused by a visible light selectively reflected by the blue-phase liquid crystal can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that can be easily produced and has a high contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle range.

Abstract: A reflective color filter may include a substrate, a photonic crystal layer including a plurality of photonic crystal patterns, and a light energy conversion device. The substrate may be between the light energy conversion device and the photonic crystal patterns. A reflective display device may include a liquid crystal layer having a light transmittance that is electrically controlled, a thin film transistor (TFT)-array layer including a plurality of TFTs for driving the liquid crystal layer according to image information, and a reflective color filter adapted to reflect light having a wavelength band corresponding to a photonic band gap from among light incident through the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed. The liquid crystal display panel includes: a first substrate with a conductive layer formed on one surface thereof; a color filter layer including a plurality of color filters formed on the conductive layer; a conductive light shielding layer formed between the plurality of color filters; a second substrate with a pixel array formed on one surface thereof; and a liquid crystal layer filled between the conductive light shielding layer and the pixel array, wherein the conductive layer is electrically short-circuited with the pixel array. Since a voltage is applied to the conductive layer formed on the front surface of the first substrate, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer between the conductive layer and the pixel array can be prevented from being vertically aligned, thus improving liquid crystal efficiency.

Abstract: A liquid crystal includes about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % of a first compound material, about 2 wt % to about 15 wt % of a second compound material, and a neutral compound material. The first compound material has a dielectric anisotropy of a first polarity, and the second compound material has a dielectric anisotropy of a second polarity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) capable of easily implementing a repairing process is provided under a circumstance where a width of a sustain electrode line is reduced or even no sustain electrode line is provided for the purpose of ensuring an increased aperture ratio, and a method for repairing the liquid crystal display is provided. The LCD includes a gate line, extending in a first direction, and a data wiring being insulated from the gate line. The data wiring includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a data line extending in a second direction. A pixel electrode is connected to the drain electrode via a contact hole, and a sustain electrode line is formed in a substantially the same plane as the gate line and has a sustain electrode overlapped by the contact hole.

Abstract: A method for adjusting an amount of liquid crystal in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes injecting a liquid crystal into a liquid crystal receiving space. The liquid crystal receiving space is disposed between a first substrate, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, and a sealing member interposed between the first and second substrates. The method for adjusting an amount of liquid crystal in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device further includes reducing a thickness of the sealing member at a predetermined portion of the sealing member to form a repair region, and pressurizing the liquid crystal to break the sealing member at the repair region to discharge some of the liquid crystal from the liquid crystal receiving space, so as to adjust the amount of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal receiving space. The method for adjusting an amount of liquid crystal in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device also includes resealing the broken repair region of the sealing member.

Abstract: Eyewear is equipped with at least one lens and at least one pinhole aperture. Lenses and apertures may be used in place of or in combination with one another, and may be disposed in or on full frame, half frame, wire frame or rimless eyeglasses. The lens may be a corrective lens. Pinhole apertures may have a diameter no greater than about 3 mm, and a diameter/thickness ratio no less than about 66.7%.

Abstract: A vision assist device without side temples comprises a frame for holding a first vision assisting lens with a carabiner clip that extends from the frame for use as a handle. The carabiner clip has at least 3 sides, at least one of said sides including a bar with spring biasing to define a closed clip position. The carabiner clipped device can be used as reading glasses, a magnifying glass, lorgnette and/or binoculars. Optionally, the carabiner includes a switch-activated light. One preferred embodiment uses overlapping lenses to provide twice the vision correction when folded closed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pair of eyeglasses which include a lens stand and a pair of gaskets. Each gasket can be detachably connected to the lens stand. Each gasket has an inner edge that protrudes forwards to accommodate the lens. The degree of the curve of the lens is smaller than that of the lens stand relative to the horizontal direction, so that the size of the lens can be efficiently reduced, and hence the lens with diopter can be used easily and aberration can be efficiently eliminated. Furthermore, after the gaskets are connected to the lens stand, the upper portion of the gaskets may generate gas permeable holes so as to prevent the lens from fogging up.

Abstract: An arrangement for, but not limited to, a built-in or mounted eyewear nose-bridge, to allow folded and unfolded positions of two bodies or three bodies wherein one of them is the connecting body of the other two, in which those positions are independently locked by the force of a compression spring or by the magnetic attraction of at least two magnets or a combination of both forces. Particularly useful for sun, vision correction, sports and safety eyewear, and the like, either framed or un-framed, for adults and for children, wherein the lenses or lenses frames can fold vertically and/or horizontally in order to take full advantage of the use of a flexible temple in the eyewear.

Abstract: An elastically deformable, hingeless spectacle arm is made exclusively of composite materials which have at least one layer of a reinforcing cloth and a coating or matrix made of a thermoplastic or heat-curable material.

Abstract: An earstem for eyeglasses is provided that can incorporate an interchangeable elastomeric traction member disposed in a recessed seat which extends along a length of the earstem to provide a contact area between the earstem and the head. The traction member can be disposed along the bottom portion of the earstem and/or around the periphery of the earstem. The traction device can be detachably coupled to the earstem so that the traction device can be exchanged to accommodate different needs or situations.

Abstract: A nose bearing assembly is secured onto a central area of the spectacles, directly on the optical or sun lenses, or on the bridge connecting the lenses or on a rim frame of the latter, each of the two nose bearing assemblies having a pad intended to contact the nose ala of a user and carried by a pad-bearing arm connected to the spectacles, characterized in that the pad is made of a elastically deformable material and is divided into two areas, i.e. an upper area for receiving a free end of the pad-bearing arm or securing and stiffening the pad in area, and another lower area capable of elastic deformation and of floating freely in all directions in order to obtain a self-adjustment of the pads independently from the morphology of the nose of the user when in contact with the latter.

Abstract: Eyewear includes a left temple and a right temple. Each of the temples has a cavity sized to receive an audio device such as a BlueTooth transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a remote device like a cell phone or a digital sound device. The BlueTooth transceiver may be placed in the cavity of either temple with the other temple cavity covered with a cover plate. An earphone may be connected to the BlueTooth transceiver through a receptacle. The earphone delivers the audible sound to the user's ear. The receptacle of the BlueTooth transceiver to which the earphone connects is also configured to receive the connector from a charger to charge a rechargeable battery in the BlueTooth transceiver. The eyewear may also be configured with cover plates over the cavity in both of the temples or with an audio device in both cavities to provide audible signals to both ears of the user.

Abstract: A contact lens is provided with an indicator that is visible when placed in contact with a solution, but substantially transparent when removed from that solution. The indicator may be of the type to designate whether the contact lens is to be worn on the right or left eye.

Abstract: A colored contact lens having a non-opaque pupil section, an iris section surrounding said pupil section, and a colored, opaque, intermittent pattern over the iris section which is indiscernible to the ordinary viewer. The pattern is made up of a first portion having a first shade, a second portion having a second shade different from the first shade, and a third portion having a shade different from the second portion and either the same or different from the first portion. A first uneven border differentiates the first and second portions, and a second uneven border differentiates the second and third portions, however, said portions may overlap. The lens is capable of changing appearance of the iris of the person wearing the lens.

Abstract: An intraocular lens for correcting or reducing the astigmatism of a cornea includes a pupil that is spatially divided into discrete zones, with each zone having a particular astigmatism magnitude and astigmatism orientation. In one embodiment, the zones all have the same astigmatism magnitude, which is equal and opposite the cornea astigmatism magnitude to within a particular tolerance, such as 0.25 diopters. In one embodiment, some or all of the zones all have different astigmatism orientations, with the angular separation between astigmatism orientations being on the order of the rotational misalignment tolerance of the lens to the cornea. The visual performance of such a lens deteriorates more slowly with rotational misalignment, when compared to a comparable lens having a uniform astigmatism orientation across its entire pupil, leading to more relaxed tolerances for a surgeon that implants the lens.

Abstract: A plurality of to-be-evaluated lenses that differ in lens surface design from one another is prepared in an evaluation-value calculating step. Thereafter, a subject's predetermined biological information, e.g., brain waves, is measured for each of the to-be-evaluated lenses by allowing the subject to wear each of the lenses, and an evaluation value for each of the lenses is calculated relative to a predetermined index in the brain waves, for example, relative to a “state of being under stress.” Thereafter, a correlation between the calculated evaluation value and a lens surface shape is calculated as an index characteristic in a lens-surface-shape determining step. Thereafter, a lens surface shape of a suitable spectacle lens in the index is determined based on the index characteristic, and the lens surface shape is fed back as a shape of a to-be-evaluated lens of the evaluation-value calculating step.

Abstract: An optically realistic model eye is described. The optically realistic eye model has an optical axis and includes: an anterior replaceable module comprising a model cornea, model iris and model lens rotatably mounted for rotation about said axis, said module being representative of an emmetropic or pathological natural eye; an enclosure located posterior to said module and adapted to enclose a retinal area within which an image of an external object is brought to focus by said module; and a photoactive device movable within said enclosure and retinal area and adapted to detect or reflect a portion of the image for inspection, processing or analysis.

Abstract: A gaze-tracking system uses separate “glint” and “pupil” images to determine the position of the pupil relative to the position of the glint. Since separate images are obtained, the exposures can be independently optimized for each image's intended purpose (e.g., locating the glint or locating the pupil, respectively). Polarizers are used to eliminate the glint in one image. This more saliently reveals the pupil, allowing its position relative to the glint to be determined more precisely, and enhancing the accuracy and robustness of the system.

Abstract: A process and a system that determine a glint position and a pupil position are disclosed. The process includes illuminating one eye to produce a glint on that eye, and obtaining a glint image of that eye showing that glint on that eye. A glint position is determined at least in part from that glint image. The process further includes illuminating that eye using polarized light, and obtaining, through a polarizer that can attenuate reflected polarized light, a pupil image of that eye. A pupil position is determined at least in part from that pupil image.

Abstract: A fundus observation apparatus that is capable of assisting an examiner in judging the presence or absence of abnormality in an examinee's eye based on a fundus tomographic image. The fundus observation apparatus includes an optical coherence tomography device that has an optical scanner for setting an image pickup position on a fundus of an examinee's eye, and is arranged to obtain a tomographic image of the fundus, and an information display unit that is arranged to display on a monitor the tomographic image obtained by the optical coherence tomography device and assisting information for assisting an examiner in performing judgment on the tomographic image, and the information display unit is arranged to change the assisting information based on image pickup information on the tomographic image.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic imaging apparatus that captures an image of a subject's eye is provided. The apparatus includes a focusing unit configured to focus light returned from the subject's eye that is illuminated by the light of a first wavelength, onto an imaging unit, and a moving unit configured to move the focusing unit based on an optical path length difference between the light of the first wavelength and the light of a second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength when light returned from the subject's eye that is illuminated by the light of the second wavelength is focused onto the imaging unit.

Abstract: A binocular pupillometer apparatus is provided with processing means to calculate the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a subject. The RAPD is calculated as the shift required to bring the two pupillary responses of the left and right eyes into coincidence. Where the responses are not parallel, modified pupillary responses are determined having the same area difference between the responses and an average rate of change with respect to stimulation intensity. The RAPD is calculated from the modified pupillary responses rather than the observed responses. Improvements to the pupillometer include a divider positioned between the left and right stimulating channels.

Abstract: An electro-oculography measuring device includes: an electro-oculography measuring unit configured to measure an electro-oculography original signal; a view capturing unit configured to capture a view picture; a drift estimation processing unit configured to estimate a drift signal; and a subtractor which subtracts the drift signal from the electro-oculography original signal to output an electro-oculography signal, and the drift estimation processing unit includes: an electro-oculography change amount calculating unit configured to calculate an electro-oculography change amount; a motion vector estimating unit configured to estimate a motion vector of a moving object included in the view picture; a drift change amount estimating unit configured to estimate a drift change amount assuming that a change in a gaze direction follows a motion of the moving object; and a drift estimating unit configured to estimate the drift signal by adding the drift change amount to a past drift signal.

Abstract: A noise reduction device includes: a saccade information obtaining unit that obtains saccade information from an electro-oculography original signal that indicates an electro-oculogram resulting from an eye movement of a user, the saccade information relating to a saccadic movement which is a rapid eyeball movement; a control unit that determines a filter property for reducing noise included in the electro-oculography original signal, on the basis of the saccade information obtained by the saccade information obtaining unit; and a filtering unit that reduces the noise included in the electro-oculography original signal using the filter property determined by the control unit, to output an electro-oculography signal.

Abstract: An eye-gaze tracking device, which detects a gaze direction of a user based on an electro-oculogram, includes: a drift estimating unit which estimates drift noise included in a set of observation voltages among observation voltages that are electro-oculograms generated in a living body and observed at the plurality of electrodes, based on a component outside an electro-oculography subspace that is an assembly of sets of electro-oculograms theoretically observed at a plurality of electrodes; and an eye-gaze tracking unit which detects la the gaze direction of the user, based on a signal generated by removing, from the observation voltages, the drift noise estimated by the drift estimating unit.

Abstract: A method to enable the use of hand-held mobile devices for self-examination of opacities in the eye. Specifically, an image of a pinhole light source is created on the screen of a mobile device. The user then holds the screen of the mobile device close to the eye such that the pinhole image is along the optical axis of the eye. A detailed image of opacities in the eye is thus formed on the retina. The following features are used for optimizing the image of opacities: The light intensity of the pinhole image is adjustable. The pinhole image can be pulsed. The location of the pinhole image on the screen can be changed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for monitoring frame alignment status and correcting misalignment for film in a stereoscopic 3D projection system, in which gap indicia are provided onto the film in a gap between images, whether the images belong to the same frame or different adjacent frames. Thus, gap indicia are positioned in at least one of an interframe gap and an intraframe gap of the stereoscopic film. During projection of the film, presence or absence of the gap indicia is used to determine a frame alignment status. Frame misalignment is then easily diagnosed and corrected. Characteristics of the gap indicia are modified for improving frame alignment diagnosis.

Abstract: A light-mixing module includes a first plate, a second plate, a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, and a third dichroic mirror. The first dichroic mirror is disposed between the first plate and the second plate and is substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate. The second dichroic mirror is disposed on a first side of the first dichroic mirror. The second dichroic mirror forms an angle with the first dichroic mirror and is substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate. The third dichroic mirror is disposed on a second side of the first dichroic mirror and is substantially perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate. The third dichroic mirror is substantially parallel with the second dichroic mirror. The second dichroic mirror and the third dichroic mirror together form a fourth dichroic mirror, and at least one of the first dichroic mirror and the fourth dichroic mirror has a bevel gradient dichroic film.

Abstract: Provided is a laser display device. The laser display device may include at least one light source configured to emit at least one laser beam, at least one scanning unit configured to perform a scanning with the at least one laser beam, and an image forming unit configured to generate excitation light and scattering light by receiving the at least one laser beam from the scanning unit to form an image.

Abstract: A gobo holder with two gobos that are rotatable one relative to the other. The gobos are located with their patterned surfaces facing one another and very close to one another so that both can be in focus at the same time.

Abstract: The image projector of the present invention includes a lighting device configured to light a high pressure discharge lamp, a rotary color filter, an image display device, and a synchronization device. The rotary color filter is configured to rotate about its axis and is divided into plural segments which are arranged around the axis and transmit lights of different colors. The synchronization device is configured to determine a rotation state of the rotary color filter, and output a synchronization signal to the lighting device on the basis of the determined rotation state. The synchronization signal is kept at ON-level over a time period in which predetermined one of the plural segments moves across the light path.

Abstract: An immersive dome includes a number of novel features designed to enhance the performance of the immersive dome over presently-known immersive dome environments. Projectors are mounted in a multi-tier tower, out of sight beneath a viewing platform positioned to provide optimal wrap-around viewing. The projection surface consists of open-cell foam that allows passage of behind-surface sound into the dome while allowing unwanted ambient noise within the dome to escape. A visually-reflective coating, in conjunction with the open cell structure, provides a textured surface that acts as a micro-baffle and suppresses cross-reflection of projected imagery.

Abstract: This invention provides method and apparatus for performing chemical and biochemical reactions in solution using in situ generated photo-products as reagent or co-reagent. Specifically, the method and apparatus of the present invention have applications in parallel synthesis of molecular sequence arrays on solid surfaces.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an immersion lithography apparatus has a substrate stage that holds a workpiece and is configured to be possible to take an exposure position under a light projection unit and to keep away from the position. A cleaning stage has a reservoir of a cleaning or immersion liquid, and is configured to be possible to take the exposure position by replacing the substrate stage. An immersion liquid supply system supplies the immersion liquid between the light projection unit and the workpiece or in the reservoir, and an immersion liquid recovery system recovers the immersion liquid. A cleaning liquid supply system supplies the cleaning liquid in the reservoir to include contact regions to the immersion liquid, and a cleaning liquid recovery system recovers the cleaning liquid. A concentration measuring instrument is installed on the immersion or cleaning liquid recovery system, and measures a concentration of the cleaning liquid.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus is disclosed in which a space between the projection system and the substrate is filled with a liquid. An edge seal member at least partly surrounds the substrate or other object on a substrate table to prevent liquid loss when edge portions of the substrate or other object are, for example, imaged or illuminated.

Abstract: A projection system (PS) is provided which includes, in an embodiment, two frames. The optical elements of the projection system are mounted on a first frame (200). The position of the optical elements is measured relative to a second frame (300) using a first measurement system (910). A second measurement system (920) is used to measure a parameter associated with a deformation of the second frame. The measurement made by the second measurement system can be used to compensate for any errors in the position of the optical elements as measured by the first measurement system resulting from deformations of the second frame. Typically, deformations of the frames are due to resonant oscillation and thermal expansion. Having two frames enables the optical elements of the projection system to be positioned with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: A radiation system is configured to generate a radiation beam. The radiation system includes a radiation source configured to generate a plasma that emits radiation and debris, and a radiation collector configured to direct collected radiation to a radiation beam emission aperture. A magnetic field generator is configured to generate a magnetic field with a gradient in magnetic field strength to direct the plasma away from the radiation collector.