Abstract: The present invention provides an ultrasonic flowmeter comprising an oscillator and an oscillation start unit for accelerating oscillation of the oscillator. The oscillation start unit accelerates the oscillation of the oscillator so that pulses from the oscillator will become stable in a shorter time period. The accuracy of flow rate measurement is improved. Electric power can be saved where the flow rate is measured repeatedly at intervals.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measuring unit and a method for detecting ultrasonic signal run-times, in which the ultrasonic measuring unit has two ultrasonic transducers for coupling ultrasonic signals into a flowing medium. Analysis electronics are provided to be accommodated on or in a flow tube, in which a gaseous medium such as circulating air flows. A probe unit is accommodated in the flow tube, the probe unit being assigned a temperature probe having a flow around it, whose measured value is used for correcting a temperature signal detected by ultrasound.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for measuring densities and flow rates of gas-liquid fluid mixtures. In the systems and methods, the fluid mixture is caused to exhibit swirling flow as it flows through a conduit that includes a constriction, a first pressure difference is measured between two vertically-spaced measurement positions in the conduit, a second pressure difference is measured between two horizontally-spaced measurement positions in the conduit, the first horizontally-spaced measurement position being at the constriction region and the second horizontally-spaced measurement position being upstream or downstream of the constriction region, and one or more of the pressure differences is used to determine a density or a flow rate of the gas-liquid fluid mixture.

Abstract: A torque sensor (50) detects an input torque input into a torsion bar (51) using a magnetic force generating part (60), a rotating magnetic circuit (69), a fixed magnetic circuit (90), and a magnetic sensor (98). The rotating magnetic circuit (69) comprises a first soft magnetic member (70) and a second soft magnetic member (80), each of which comprises a magnetic ring (73, 83), a magnetic tip (71, 81) facing the magnetic force generating part (60), and a magnetic column (72, 82) connecting the tip (71, 81) and the ring (73, 83). By disposing the first soft magnetic member (70) and the second soft magnetic ring (80) so as to face each other, the soft magnetic rings (70, 80) are formed in an identical shape that can be manufactured by press-working a plate material, thereby realizing a compact and lightweight torque sensor (50).

Abstract: The present device enables measurement of the susceptibility of corn plants to root lodging. The device is used to push over a corn stalk and the force used to push over the stalk, and the vibration of the stalk caused by the push are recorded. As material breaks in the stalk, an accelerometer, measures stalk vibration response to the breaking events; the data is then recorded to allow quantitative measurements of the susceptibility of corn plants to root lodging. This allows meaningful comparisons of various hybrids at early stages of hybrid evaluation and advancement.

Abstract: A device for drawing off a liquid from a container comprising a drawing-off needle having a free lower end and an upper end, a suction deliverer connected to the upper end of the needle, and a blower carried by the needle allowing drops of the liquid present on the inside wall(s) of the container in the bottom section of the container to be concentrated.

Abstract: A sensor holder for a piston-cylinder unit with a cylinder and a piston rod which is movable relative to the latter comprises a holding element which carries out a synchronous movement with respect to the piston rod and has a first position measuring device. A second position measuring device is held by a holder so as to be axially stationary with respect to the cylinder, and there is a rotationally oriented installation position between the first position measuring device and second position measuring device. The cylinder-side holder and the holding element are rotatable relative to one another, and a magnetic force acting between the holder and the holding element brings about a rotational orientation of the two position measuring devices relative to one another.

Abstract: A rotary selector forms a control element for inputting a setting value to an electronic control system, in particular for a control device of an electronic domestic appliance, such as a washing machine, a dishwasher, or the like. The rotary selector has a rotatably mounted control portion and an adapter non-rotatably connected to the control portion. The adapter has a latching section with side faces arranged uniformly about its periphery. Coaxially with the latching section of the adapter is a stationary spring element formed with elastic legs arranged uniformly about a periphery of the latching section and which extend tangentially relative to the side faces of the latching section. The number of the side faces of the latching section is an integral multiple of the number of the elastic legs of the spring element.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transmission capable of minimizing the number of speed-change driven gears on a first countershaft to ensure a layout space in an engine compartment of a vehicle, and reducing a driving torque to be applied to a second countershaft to facilitate downsizing of the transmission. In the transmission, the first countershaft 2 is arranged at a position above an input shaft 1, and a first-speed driven gear 14 and a second-speed driven gear 24 are provided on the first countershaft 2.

Abstract: A transmission includes an input member, an output member, a first and second interconnecting member, a plurality of countershafts, a reverse member, a plurality of co-planar gear sets, and a plurality of torque transmitting devices. The torque transmitting devices include synchronizer assemblies and a dual clutch assembly. The transmission is operable to provide at least one reverse speed ratio and a plurality of forward speed ratios between the input member and the output member.

Abstract: In an auxiliary range transmission comprising a main group having a main transmission shaft and two main countershafts capable of rotating in relation to two auxiliary countershafts of a range or an auxiliary transmission group, a gearshift element is provided, which, in a first position, rotationally engages a loose gear of the main group and, in a second position, rotationally locks a loose gear of the range or auxiliary group with the main shaft. In an alternative embodiment, a splitter group may also be arranged in front of the main group in place of the range or auxiliary transmission group.

Abstract: A transportation apparatus operable to linearly transport an object includes a first transmission unit provided in a first intermediate table and which is operable to transmit torque from one of a pair of first links to one of a pair of second links. The transmission unit includes a pair of pulleys supported by a pair of first intermediate shafts and fixed to the one of the first links and the one of the second links; and an upper belt and lower belt are partially wound around the pulley in opposite directions with each other and fixed to the pulleys so as to transmit the torque. One of the pulley is divided into an upper part fixed with the upper belt and a lower fixed with the lower belt in an axial direction of the first intermediate shafts.

Abstract: Provided herein is a pedal assembly for a vehicle with a push rod releasably connected to a pedal arm. The push rod is connected to the pedal arm via a pivoting reaction mount that is capable of rotating from a first position to a second position during vehicle collision. Upon rotation to the second position, the push rod is disconnected from the pedal arm, thereby reducing injury to the driver. The pivoting reaction mount may include a rotatable lever. An actuation mechanism, such as a reaction bracket, is mounted to a vehicle structure adjacent the push rod, and may actuate rotation of the pivoting reaction mount.

Abstract: A pliers-type gripping tool includes a pair of gripping jaws, a pair of pivotally connected hand grip levers for operating the gripping jaws between an open separated condition and a closed gripping condition, and an adjusting device for varying one of the physical operating properties of the tool. In one embodiment, the hand grip levers are sectional, and the adjusting device includes an angle setting arrangement for determining the angular relationship of the sections, thereby to permit use of the tool to engage an object at a relatively inaccessible location. In a second embodiment, at least one of the levers includes a metal lever body member partially enclosed by a synthetic plastic shell member. An adjusting device controls the lateral relative positions of the lever body and shell members to adjust the effective thickness of the hand grips to correspond with the size of the hand of the user.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fastener driving device including a variable ratio gear mechanism that enables the ratio of the rotation of the handle to the rotation of a driving bit extending from the handle to be varied to allow the bit to rotate at different speeds from the handle. The device includes a gear mechanism disposed within a housing for the device that includes a locking member and a biasing member. The biasing member urges the locking member into engagement with the gear mechanism to lock the gear mechanism in a configuration for a 1:1 gear ratio. A selector switch is secured to the device over the gear mechanism and is operable to move the locking member into and out of engagement with the planetary gears against the bias of the biasing member to provide an increased gear ratio for the gear mechanism when desired.

Abstract: A tool includes a shank. A driving device is mounted on the first end of the shank and has a first ratcheting mechanism including a compartment and a plurality of first teeth in the compartment and a second ratcheting mechanism rotatably received in the compartment and including a plurality of second teeth engaged with the plurality of first teeth. The first ratcheting mechanism is rotatable relative to the second ratcheting mechanism in a single direction. The second ratcheting mechanism also includes a channel extending therein. A driving head is moveably received in the channel between two releasably fixed positions. In one position, the driving head is adapted to turn an element in a first direction. In another position, the driving head is adapted to turn the element in the second position opposite to the first position.

Abstract: A ratcheting tool such as a reversible dual-pawl ratchet wrench is disclosed that minimizes wasted motion during ratchet slip or counter-rotation. The ratchet wrench includes a bias assembly that biases the pawls apart to bias a first, selected pawl for a selected drive direction towards engagement with a ratchet gear, and that the biases the selected pawl into a concentric alignment with the ratchet gear. In this manner, non-ratcheting initial rotation of the pawl due to counter-rotation prior to the pawl camming out of engagement with the ratchet gear is eliminated, thus eliminating wasted motion and maximizing the available angular sweep for the wrench.

Abstract: An identification structure of a tool with two colors includes a tool body having an engaging surface, and an identification ring. The identification ring is made of elastic polymer, composed of an inner layer and an outer layer having diverse colors. The identification ring is mounted around the engaging surface of the tool body, having the outer layer fitted in an intermediate portion of the inner layer to make an upper and a lower edge of the inner layer extending outside the outer layer. So, the two edges of the inner layer have the same color and the intermediate portion of the identification ring has two different colors, keeping them apt to be recognized.

Abstract: A wrench with a rotatable head comprises a handle and a head, which are connected via a first and a second ends. The first end includes an upper and a lower lugs. A first toothed hole is formed in the upper lug; a hole is formed in the lower lug. A second toothed hole is formed in the second end. The second end is inserted between the upper and lower lugs and the second toothed hole is located between the first toothed hole and the hole. A toothed pillar is movably engaged in the toothed holes. When in the engagement position, the toothed pillar is engaged with the first and second toothed holes to fix the head and the handle. When in the disengagement position, the toothed pillar is disengaged from the teeth of the first toothed hole but still engaged with the teeth of the second toothed hole, so that the head and handle are rotatable with respect to each other.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cutter structure of a labeling machine, wherein a transmission belt driven by a power source is utilized to drive a ring-shaped gear, which is concentric with a through hole and supported by a bearing, and through the inner teeth on the inner surface of the ring-shaped gear engaging with the gears mounted on the top ends of the tool posts, which are disposed along the outer edge of the through hole, the tool posts can be driven by the ring-shaped gear to turn, and at the same time cut the thermal shrinkable film in the through hole, thereby forming a cutter structure with uniform transmission force and high speed and stable cutting process.

Abstract: A sheet trimming apparatus including: a trimming section provided with a trimming cutter blade for trimming a sheet bundle; a paper scrap container for storing paper scraps separated from the sheet bundle by the trimming cutter blade; and a paper scrap guide member, which is provided to create a falling space where the paper scraps are made to fall from the trimming section to the paper scrap container, wherein the paper scrap guide member assumes a first state for expanding a gap in the falling space, and a second state for creating an inclined surface for guiding the paper scraps to fall.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present technology provide systems and methods for delivering pressurized fluid to a rotary cutting blade. For example, in certain embodiments, a system for delivering pressurized fluid to a rotary cutting blade includes: a pump configured to receive fluid from a fluid source and pressurize the fluid; and a nozzle configured to receive pressurized fluid from the pump and deliver the pressurized fluid to a rotary cutting blade as an atomized fluid stream, wherein the pump pressurizes the fluid to a pressure sufficient to cause the fluid to be atomized when the fluid is passed through the nozzle. For example, in certain embodiments, a method for delivering pressurized fluid to a rotary cutting blade includes: delivering fluid to a pump; pressurizing the fluid using the pump; and delivering the pressurized fluid to a rotary cutting blade through a nozzle as an atomized fluid stream.

Abstract: A cutting machine is configured for cutting an injection molded original product. The injection molded original product has a component and stub bar connected to the component. The cutting machine includes a base portion, a supporting arm attached to the base portion, and a cutting device coupled to the supporting arm. The cutting device includes an electrothermal cutting line for cutting the component off the stub bar.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a window covering comprises saw for cutting the window blind. A clamp assembly moves the window covering relative to the saw. A controller moves the clamp assembly to automatically position the window covering relative to the saw. The saw is moved into engagement with the window covering to cut the window covering.

Abstract: A device for forming envelopes from a continuous flat strip of a sleeve-like foil material, comprising a supply member, a cutting member for making a cut over the full width of the material so as to provide individual envelopes, and a discharge member for discharging the envelopes. The cutting member comprises at least two cutting elements movable relative to the strip of material, each cutting element comprising at least one cutting blade extending parallel to the width of the strip, such that the individual cutting blades form several partial cuts contiguous to each other in the foil material over the width thereof in successive cutting operations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sanitary or no-touch dispenser which dispenses sheets of a web material, such as a paper towel. The disclosed dispenser provides the web material to a user by using both manual and electronic means to dispense the sheet. This is accomplished by having a motor engagably connected to an actuator roller. The motor is activated by a motor activation means, such as a switch. The motion of the actuator roller, which is started by the user grabbing and pulling a tail of the web material extending from the dispenser, causes the motor activation means to activate the motor which in turn drives the actuator roller to continue it its rotation motion to dispense the sheet from the dispenser.

Abstract: A bread slicer is provided, which includes a receiving area for receiving a loaf of bread; a return area for delivering sliced bread; and a path along which the bread moves from the receiving area to the return area. The path includes a substantially downwardly inclined surface extending from the rear of the receiving area to the return area. The slicer has a slicing element for slicing the bread as it passes from the receiving area to the return area; and a guard for preventing access to the slicing element from the receiving area. The guard is fixed relative to a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism being movable along a path divergent from the inclined path to advance the loaf along the path.

Abstract: The rolled media cutter includes an elongated tray and a cutting mechanism. The elongated tray includes first and second substantially parallel channels. The first channel is formed in the tray and is configured to receive the rolled media therein. The cutting mechanism is configured to be slidingly coupled to the second channel. The cutting mechanism includes a cutting surface and a slider coupled to the cutting surface. The slider is configured to be retained within the channel so as to prevent the cutting mechanism from being removed from a portion of the second channel.

Abstract: A method is provided for an electric activation of a plasma jet igniter for firing Electro-Thermal-Chemical (ETC) guns, machine guns and other equivalent ETC barreled weapons, without complete consumption of any of the components necessary for its activation upon activating the igniter. Each activation of the igniter by means of one or several voltage pulses, which from an electric pulse generator (10) are conducted between an anode (4) and a cathode (5), is preceded by heating of the anode (4) to such high temperature that at least parts of the dielectric material (2) arranged in proximity to the anode (4) have begun to vaporize. The method may be implemented using an adapted plasma let igniter which has an anode that can be heated to a high temperature so that the igniter can be used for firing whole series of rounds or a full magazine of successively fired rounds in rapid order.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented herein that provide for ignition of explosive devices through electric and/or electromagnetic discharge. In one embodiment, an electrostatic discharge is directionally propagated through air to conduct electric current to the explosive device. The electric current may ignite the explosive device via heat, via triggering of ignition circuitry, via induced electric current conduction to the explosive material therein and/or via direct electric conduction to the explosive material therein. Alternatively, or in addition to, electromagnetic energy may be directionally propagated to the device through a waveguide. Such electromagnetic energy may be in the microwave region and may heat and/or induce electric current in the explosive device. In either instance, the directionally propagated energy may be time varying.

Abstract: A time limited restraint device. After a predetermined time, a cutter of the time limited restraint device cuts a restraint.

Abstract: A armor system for protecting a vehicle from a projectile, the projectile having an expected trajectory and the vehicle having a hull, is disclosed. The armor system has a modular armor subsystem configured to be mounted exterior to the vehicle hull. The modular armor subsystem has a leading layer having metal, leading relative to the expected projectile trajectory, and an intermediate sheet-like layer having low density material, of a density less than metal, abutting a rear surface of the leading layer. The armor system also has an intermediate sheet-like layer having glass fiber material and abutting a rear surface of the intermediate low density material layer, and an intermediate sheet-like layer having metal and abutting a rear surface of the intermediate glass fiber layer.

Abstract: A firing pin system for a firearm, including a breech block, a firing pin slidably disposed in the breech block and a single firing pin coil spring adapted to both urge the firing pin toward a cartridge in a barrel of the firearm when the firearm is fired and, subsequent to firing, to urge the firing pin back away from the cartridge such that the firing pin does not protrude through a breach face of a breach block of the firearm subsequent to firing.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus for heavy construction equipment is provided, which can prevent overspeed and abrupt operations of an actuator due to an excessive flow rate during an initial operation of the actuator when a composite work is performed by simultaneously operating an option device and another actuator, and can prevent the cut-off of hydraulic fluid supply to the option device due to an operation inability of a flow control valve when leakage of the hydraulic fluid occurs due to the increase of the temperature of the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for high flow applications in motor vehicles, in particular for active wheel suspensions and active steering arrangements, includes at least one passive high flow valve which is controlled hydraulically by at least one low flow valve.

Abstract: The hydraulic cylinder apparatus has a crescent shaped length housing a piston of like shape. The crescent shape provides for fit into constrained spaces where a fully cylindrical cylinder cannot fit. Multiple crescent shaped case ring lands with case rings seal the length of the piston proximal to the top of the case. The plurality of piston ring lands and piston rings seal the sliding piston to the walls of the case's internal hydraulic fluid well. The numerous ports of the apparatus, both upper and lower, provide for more convenient application than would otherwise be provided. Hose routing can thereby be best suited to a particular application. An added advantage of the apparatus is the negation of piston and mount rotation, a feature not typically possible with cylindrical hydraulic cylinders.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a foamed drink comprising the steps of: providing a capsule containing a foamable ingredient; providing a receptacle positioned to collect fluid escaping from the capsule; injecting liquid into the capsule to mix with the foamable ingredient; allowing the foamable ingredient mixed with the liquid to escape from the capsule into the receptacle; followed by injecting further liquid into the receptacle in a jet having a diameter of from about 0.5 to about 2 mm to produce foamed liquid in the receptacle. The invention also provides capsules, apparatus and systems specifically adapted for use in the method. Preferably, the food ingredient is a milk powder, and the method produces a hot foamed beverage such as a cappuccino coffee.

Abstract: A dispensing system for injecting a fluid into a number of containers. The dispensing system may include a turret plate for holding the containers and an injection system positioned about the turret plate. The injection system may include a piston for contacting a container. The piston may include an injection surface in communication with an internal spring such that the internal spring forces the injection surface against the container.

Abstract: A water dispenser including a water inlet adapted to receive water from a water supply, a water filter operative to filter water received from the water supply via the water inlet, a water outlet operative to provide filtered water received from the water filter, a water spill collector and a pivotably mounted drainage-equipped water container support having a first operative orientation underlying the water outlet and defining a downwardly inclined water spill drainage pathway communicating with the water spill collector and a second, non-operative, orientation not underlying the water outlet.

Abstract: A pitcher includes a container body defining a liquid storage cavity therein and having an open end and a cover removably coupled to the container body. The cover extends along the open end, and the cover defining a fill opening configured to receive a liquid therein. The fill opening is in communication with the liquid storage cavity. The pitcher also includes a lid assembly having a lid closing access to the fill opening. A slide mechanism is coupled to the lid, and the slide mechanism is slidably coupled to the cover.

Abstract: A pump unit includes a reservoir for containing a liquid, a duct system for conveying the liquid, and a pumping section for subjecting the liquid to a pumping force. The initial filling of at least a portion of a duct for conveying the liquid from the reservoir to the pumping section is brought about under the influence of another force other than the pumping force, for example, under the influence of gravity.

Abstract: A passive heater including a carriage actuatable to move along a cooking surface and a cover. In one exemplary embodiment, the carriage may be positioned on a guide bar to direct movement of the carriage along the cooking surface. The cover may be connected to the carriage and positionable near the cooking surface. Advantageously, positioning the cover near the cooking surface provides for the retention of nearby heat. Thus, the top surface of a food item cooking on the cooking surface may be heated by placing the cover over the food item. In another exemplary embodiment, the cover has a lifted position and a lowered position. By moving the cover from the lifted position to the lowered position, the cover may contact the cooking surface to surround food cooking thereon. In another exemplary embodiment, the lowered positioned may be spaced upwardly from the cooking surface, allowing the cover to cap food thereon.

Abstract: A churn for processing food products, comprising a rotating drum with an opening for loading and unloading the products, further comprising a hatch provided with elements for detachable coupling to the opening of the drum and comprising ports adapted to allow the outflow of water deposited on the bottom of the drum, elements being provided which are adapted to arrange themselves selectively in a position for opening and closing the ports.

Abstract: An improved extruder (10) is provided which permits successful introduction of very high quantities of injected steam into material being processed, on the order of 6-8% or more by weight steam. The extruder (10) includes an elongated extruder barrel (12) having at least one elongated, axially rotatable, helically flighted extrusion screw (16,18) therein. The barrel (12) is equipped with obliquely oriented steam injection ports (44, 46) along the length thereof, housing steam injectors (48, 50). The barrel (12) includes relatively high free volume steam injection heads (32 and 38, 40) having therein screw sections (78, 82) of relatively long pitch length, together with steam restriction heads (30, 34, and 42) on opposite sides of the injection heads (32, and 38, 40) having therein relatively short pitch length screw sections (76, 80, 84).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable household food cooker capable of receiving a food mixture and producing food items in a continuous fashion. The continuous food cooker generally includes a housing and a hopper. The hopper is disposed above the housing for receiving the food mixture and for dispensing the food mixture into the cooker. The continuous food cooker also includes a hot roller assembly for forming and cooking the food mixture, a hot roller drive assembly operatively attached to at least one roller, and a cutter for cutting the produced food item at a desired length. The hot roller assembly includes at least one rotatable roller and at least one heating element for heating the at least one roller. The at least one roller and the at least one heating element are disposed internally to the housing.

Abstract: A woody biomass baler having a baling chamber adapted to receive woody biomass material, a compression system adapted to compact the material into a rectangular bale in the chamber, and an ejection system adapted to move the bale from the chamber, wherein the baling chamber has a front wall consisting of a reciprocating compression platen corresponding in dimensions to the width W and height H of the bale, opposing upper and lower walls corresponding in dimensions to the length L and either of the W and H of the bale, and opposing sidewalls corresponding in dimensions to the L and the other of the W and H of the bale, wherein each chamber wall selected from among the upper wall, the lower wall, and each of the sidewalls can withstand a minimum distributed force perpendicular to the selected wall of between (0.11×Pp psi×Aw) pounds and (0.

Abstract: A biomass baler having a baling chamber adapted to receive tall grass biomass material, a compression system adapted to compact the material into a rectangular bale in the chamber, and an ejection system adapted to move the bale from the chamber, wherein the baling chamber has a front wall consisting of a reciprocating compression platen corresponding in dimensions to the width W and height H of the bale, opposing upper and lower walls corresponding in dimensions to the length L and either of the W and H of the bale, and opposing sidewalls corresponding in dimensions to the L and the other of the W and H of the bale, wherein each chamber wall selected from among the upper wall, the lower wall, and the sidewalls can withstand a minimum distributed force perpendicular to the selected wall of at least (0.22×Pp×Aw) pounds, wherein Pp is the maximum pressure that the compression platen can apply to the material and Aw is the area of the selected wall expressed in square inches.

Abstract: A pre-separator for a screw press separator wherein the pre-separator increases the concentration of solid material in a water solid material mixture. The pre-separator is configured to have a frustoconical screen surface where a plurality of wiper blades engage the interior portion of the surface to provide de-watering action, and the plurality of blades are configured to reposition with respect to the center axis of the frustoconical surface to allow for engagement between the interior surface of the frustoconical screen, and the wiper blades.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing on the plant surface and the artificial plant surface, comprises a housing. A gripping device for holding the plant or artificial plant and a printing unit for printing on its surfaces are disposed in said housing. Said printing unit is connected to a computer which is external or integrated in the housing. The printing unit of the present invention is an ink jetting unit, which can print on the plant surface and the artificial plant surface, especially flower, artificial flower, leaves and the fruit. People can communicate information using these articles, which satisfied the demand.

Abstract: Apparatus designed to cancel at least one postage or franking mark on a surface of a mailpiece moving on edge in a belt conveyor, said apparatus comprising: a conveyor portion with a plurality of small superposed belts and a plurality of superposed print heads; and control means for controlling the print heads in such a manner as to cause a print head to print one or more cancellation marks over the franking mark(s) detected on the mailpiece. Each print head is suitable for operating selectively with a plurality of superposed inkjets so as to print only a portion (¾, ½, ¼) of said cancellation mark or a scaled-down version thereof over the franking mark when said franking mark is positioned in such a manner as to be off-center between two belts.