Abstract: The present invention related to a pyrotechnic gas generator intended for motor vehicle safety, comprising a sealed housing (1), which contains: —at least one combustion chamber (C) containing a pyrotechnic charge (3), the combustion of which is initiated by an initiator (2) associated with the chamber; —at least one plenum chamber (T) for receiving the gases generated by the combustion of the charge (3) for removing them to the exterior, via at least one discharge aperture (10) formed in said housing (1). It is characterized in that said housing (1) also contains means (R) for temporarily storing at least some of the combustion gases.

Abstract: A gas generator includes, a housing defining a first combustion chamber and accommodating an enhancer chamber cup member, defining an enhancer chamber, and a combustion chamber cup member provided outside the enhancer chamber cup member and defining a second combustion chamber. The enhancer cup member accommodates a first gas generating agent ignited by a first ignition device, and has an enhancer hole for communicating the enhancer chamber with the first combustion chamber during activation. The combustion chamber cup member accommodates a second gas generating agent ignited by a second ignition device, and has a through-hole for communicating the second combustion chamber with the first combustion chamber during activation. A top plate of the enhancer chamber cup member is positioned higher than a top plate of the combustion chamber cup member, and the enhancer hole is positioned higher than the top plate of the combustion chamber cup member.

Abstract: A rail section for use in a rail switch and method for assembling same are provided. The rail section is connected to a switch mounting by inserting a portion of the switch mounting through an aperture provided in the rail section and then applying a double weld. Similarly, a gate operating mechanism is connected to the rail section by inserting a portion of the gate operating mechanism through an aperture provided in the rail section and then applying a double weld. A receptor portion of the rail section that is reinforced to withstand a greater load is also provided. A plurality of gate retention mechanisms are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to symmetrical arrangements in multi-unit articulated rail road cars. A multi-unit railroad car has an odd number of railcar units joined end to end by articulated connectors supported by railcar trucks. The railroad car has a transverse centerline. The arrangement of articulated connectors about the transverse centerline is symmetrical.

Abstract: A railroad car truck for a railroad freight car, such as an autorack car, has a bolster mounted cross-wise between two sideframes. The bolster ends are mounted on respective spring groups carried by the sideframes. The bolster can translate laterally relative to the sideframes. The side frames are mounted to swing laterally relative to the wheel sets, and hence relative to the rails. Resistance to lateral deflection is provided by the resistance of the sideframes to the pendulum swinging motion, and by shear in the spring groups. The truck has a doubled damper arrangement of dampers in a four-cornered layout at each end of the bolster, giving a flexing resistance to yaw between the sideframes and the bolster ends. The doubled damper arrangement works against large wear plates mounted on the sideframe columns. The large wear plates are mounted normal to the dampers and square to the sideframes.

Abstract: A retractable antifriction bearing device (10a) that can be housed in a standardized groove of a loading bed. Each ball (30) is mounted directly in a housing (21a) of the profile (20a) by a guide and sealing ring (50) provided with a spherical cavity (53) that complements the ball (30) to hold the ball in position with respect to the housing (21a). A bearing guide (60a) is also mounted directly in the housing (21a) and is provided with a cup (61) guiding the ball (30) in rotation via a bed of small balls (62). This bearing guide (60a) is spring-loaded by spring elements (40a) so as to urge the ball (30) into the working position in which the ball bears the load (2).

Abstract: A telescopic support is disclosed and has outer and inner leg parts. The outer leg part has: a tubular body defining a longitudinal axis and having an interior passage through which the axis extends centrally. The inner leg part has: a shuttle body part disposed at least partially in the tubular body; and rollers rotably mounted to the shuttle body to support the inner leg part for longitudinal reciprocating movement in the tubular body. The support can be secured to a base and topped with a work-surface defining member to form a height-adjustable table, as also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an innovative yet straightforward approach to driving the seed distribution system in planters which feature hinged winged extensions. The flexibility of the hinged winged extensions may allow the planter to adjust to the contours of a field and to fold to facilitate transport of the planter. In one embodiment, for example, the invention may provide a mechanical coupling between several sections of a seed drive shaft which may support and be driven by a hydraulic motor for each of the winged sections. The seed drive system may also be coupled to row units to synchronize and power the distribution of seeds by the planter.

Abstract: Micro-bubble generators attached to a ship hull below the waterline decrease frictional resistance during navigation and improve fuel efficiency. Each micro-bubble generator is supplied with air and has a wing positioned outside the hull for generating negative pressure. The negative pressure created by the wing increases with an increase in ship's speed, which pushes the air-liquid interface outwardly toward the wing. As the air and the water move at different speeds due to difference in their densities, micro-bubbles are generated in the micro-bubble generator according to the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability mechanism and discharged downstream to move closely along the outside surface of the hull.

Abstract: An apparatus for inhibiting and removing marine deposits from a submerged portion of a boat or yacht include a submersible stainless steel frame having a plurality of sections extending longitudinally and transversely under the submerged portions of a watercraft and a plurality of nozzles disposed on said sections of the frame to direct a stream of air bubbles toward and against the submerged portion of the watercraft. The apparatus also includes an air compressor, a battery and a solar source of energy for charging the battery to power the air compressor. A plurality of valves and hoses are also provided for connecting each of the nozzles to the air compressor through one of the valves to thereby control the flow of air to each of said nozzles on each of said sections of the frame. A mechanism for positioning the frame and nozzles at about 40 cm away from the lowest point of a watercraft is provided as well as a timer for periodically starting and stopping the flow of air to the nozzles.

Abstract: A floating oil storage system and associated methods for storing oil are disclosed. In some embodiments, the floating oil storage system includes a storage cell, a floating member disposed within the storage cell, whereby the storage cell is divided into a first compartment and a second compartment disposed below the first compartment, a pump operable to deliver oil under pressure into the first compartment, whereby the first compartment expands and the second compartment contracts expelling seawater from the second compartment, and a suction tank operable to receive oil expelled from the first compartment under hydrostatic pressure of seawater in the second compartment, whereby the first compartment contracts and the second compartment expands receiving seawater.

Abstract: A hull structure has a chine serving as a boundary between a broadside and a bottom of a hull. The hull has a configuration in which the hull has a maximum depth in a vicinity of a central position of the hull, the chine is provided so that its level position becomes gradually lower from a bow side toward a stern side, and the bottom has a cross-section having a substantially V-shape from the bow toward the stern, the V-shape having an inner angle becoming gradually smaller within a range of from about 80° to 100° from the bow toward a central portion of the hull and becoming gradually larger from the central portion thereof toward the stern.

Abstract: A personal dive device includes a body having a power source that is disposed in the body with a voltage of the power source being greater than or equal to about 37 volts. A controller is in electrical communication with the power source. A rotary device is in selective electrical communication with the controller and a propeller assembly is engaged with the rotary device. A method for controlling the speed of a personal dive device includes providing a personal dive device having a power source disposed within a body and an electronic controller. A signal from a trigger mechanism is received. An effective power output from the power source is varied based on the signal from the trigger mechanism. The effective power output from the power source is provided to a rotary device that is in selective electrical communication with the electronic controller.

Abstract: A thin film forming apparatus such that a substrate can be easily fixed/removed to/from the outer circumferential surface of a drum type substrate holder through a simple arrangement. The drum type substrate holder (5) is supported in a horizontal posture rotatably about a horizontal rotational shaft in a film deposition chamber A jig (13) holding a substrate (12) fixedly is transferred by an arm horizontally onto the outer circumferential surface of the drum type substrate holder (5), and an end part (13b) of the substrate fixing jig (13) can be secured by a securing device (14) provided at the corner part (5a) of the outer circumferential surface of the drum type substrate holder (5).

Abstract: A machine and process useful for processing a delicate workpiece, e.g., an implantable medical device, includes a carrier having a mandrel and wheels. The workpiece is positioned on the mandrel, which is free to roll by gravity on rails which cooperate with the wheels to self-align the travel of the carrier. The carrier can move the workpieces through a series of processing steps by gravity feed and without human intervention. A laterally movable carriage receives the rolling carriers and moves the carrier for processing, and returns the carrier to the rails to again roll by gravity to another processing substation for additional processing. An elevator, which can including processing units itself, is positioned along the rails to receive carriers and raise them so they can continue to roll for further processing.

Abstract: An integrated processing tool is described comprising a full-wafer processing module and a combinatorial processing module. Chemicals for use in the combinatorial processing module are fed from a delivery system including a set of first manifolds. An output of each first manifold is coupled to at least one mixing vessel. An output of each mixing vessel feeds more than one of a set of second manifolds. An output of each set of second manifolds feeds one of multiple site-isolated reactors of the combinatorial processing module.

Abstract: An article support system for supporting articles and collecting paint or stain that drips off of the articles includes a plurality of stanchions being positioned and upwardly extending from a support surface. Each of the stanchions includes a top wall, a bottom wall and a perimeter wall that extends between the top wall and the bottom wall. Each of a plurality of span assemblies is mounted to a pair of the stanchions and extends between the stanchions. The span assemblies support the articles above the support surface when the articles are placed on and extend between the span assemblies positioned adjacent each other.

Abstract: A holding device is presented in which a layer which is to be oxidized is processed, in a single-substrate process. The process temperature during the processing is recorded directly at the substrate or at a holding device for the substrate. The process includes introducing a substrate, which bears a layer to be oxidized uncovered in an edge region in a layer stack, into a heating device, passing an oxidation gas onto the substrate, heating the substrate to a process temperature, which is recorded during the processing via a temperature of the holding device which holds the substrate, and controlling the substrate temperature to a desired temperature or temperature curve during the processing.

Abstract: Rotary pressure distributor for a carousel-type hollow-body treatment machine, comprising several treatment stations, this distributor comprising two coaxial rings (2, 3) in sealed contact, one of them (3) a rotary ring comprising communication orifices (6) connected to at least one treatment station and the other (2) stationary and comprising several slots (7) connected to a pressure source of the machine, these orifices and slots being distributed over several concentric circumferences (9) of different diameters; the orifices and/or the slots positioned on the different diameters have anterior and posterior ends (11, 12) shaped in such a way that as the orifices slide past the respective slots, the rates at which the surface area of the passage (13) defined by each orifice and the associated slot increase upon opening and decrease upon closing are substantially the same over all the circumferences.

Abstract: A teatcup liner adapted to be mounted in a shell to form a teatcup to be applied to a teat of an animal, and a method of mounting a teatcup liner. The liner defines an inner space for receiving the teat and a longitudinal center axis. The liner has a head portion, a tubular barrel portion and, a tubular lower portion defining a milk channel having a cross-section area perpendicular to the center axis. The tubular lower portion has a primary engagement member to be engaged by a secondary engagement member of the shell. The liner includes a grip member extending from the tubular lower portion to be gripped by an operator when the liner is to be mounted. The grip member defines a force application zone on which a pulling force is to be applied and which seen along the center axis is located within the cross-section area.

Abstract: A bird feeding assembly includes a plurality of feeders. Each of the feeders includes a housing that has a bottom wall and a perimeter wall that is attached to and extends upwardly from the bottom wall. The perimeter wall has a fill opening extending therethrough. A chute has an open first end and an open second end. The first end is attached to the perimeter wall and is in fluid communication with the fill opening. The second end of the chute is positioned above the perimeter wall. Bird feed is positionable in the chute to fill the housing with the bird feed. A mounting bracket is attached to the chute. A strap is removably coupled to the mounting brackets of each of the bird feeders and extendable around a vertical support. A coupler on the strap couples the strap in a closed loop.

Abstract: A liquid bird feeder provides a liquid container having a sealable top opening and a bottleneck extension at its other end, and a liquid tray having a well adapted to receive the bottleneck extension and at least one feeding port. The sidewall of the well is provided with at least one drain hole and the sidewall of the bottleneck extension with at least one port. The container and bottleneck extension are rotatable within the well to selectively align and misalign the port with the well drain hole to respectively open and close the drain hole upon rotation of the container. In an alternate embodiment, the bottleneck extension is fitted with a collar rotatable with the container. The collar is received in the liquid tray well and includes the at least one port. A liquid flow path is formed in the liquid tray for each feeding port to reduce the volume of nectar in the tray at any given time.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing drinking water to an animal includes inner and outer annular walls which define a water supply reservoir. The inner wall forms a draw reservoir that is in communication with the water supply reservoir to replenish water in the draw reservoir and maintain the level of water in said draw reservoir equal to the level of water in said water supply reservoir.

Abstract: A floatable pet toy comprising a hollow outer member, a sealed buoyant flotation bladder, and a rope section. The hollow outer member is made of rubber or polymeric material and has an inner cavity. The flotation bladder is disposed in the inner cavity of the outer member. A first end of the rope section is connected or anchored to the flotation bladder or to a washer disposed in the cavity, and a second end of the rope section extends beyond the outer member.

Abstract: A cat toy in the form of a hollow spherical shell having an opening configured therein. A power supply is supported by the interior of said shell, and a spindle emanates from the power supply and extends toward the opening. An offset weighted element having a borehole configured therein is provided for receipt of the spindle, as is a motor for rotating the offset weighted element about said spindle. A shaft is included for attachment to the spindle which is sized to pass through the opening and which further supports an attractant external to the hollow spherical shell.

Abstract: A variable voltage electronic pet training apparatus. The variable voltage electronic pet training apparatus controls the intensity of the stimulation by the controlling the voltage level present at the primary side of the transformer while maintaining a fixed signal to the correction pulse switch. A trigger signal contains information about the desired stimulus intensity level. A controller interprets the trigger signal and produces a voltage control signal associated with the desired energy level. Application of the voltage control signal to a power converter keeps the voltage level applied to an energy storage capacitor sufficient to produce the desired stimulation intensity.

Abstract: A lick deterrent device having a surface mounted battery pack that is in electrical contact with two sets of traces on the lick deterrent device. The surface mounted battery pack is readily attachable to the lick deterrent device, and in some embodiments, may be readily removable and replaceable. At least one of the battery terminals is in direct electrical contact with a trace on the substrate. The second terminal may have electrical contact with a different trace via a terminal extension element.

Abstract: A heating system has a heating unit with a combustion chamber for burning wood pellets or other pelletized fuel. The heating unit is controlled by a process control module that automatically keeps all operating functions within predetermined limits for safe, efficient and easy operation. The unit also includes a combustion air distribution assembly with a stir shaft that rotates within the combustion chamber and introduces combustion air through orifices along the length of the shaft to enhance fuel combustion. A thermo cycle plumbing assembly serves as a safety feature by preventing overheating in the event of a power failure or pump failure. Also included in the unit is a removable insulated firebox burn chamber that provides a high temperature combustion atmosphere and a heat/particulate recovery module which provides maximum heating efficiency and reduces emissions, meeting EPA requirements and contributing to a cleaner environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions on ships using diesel engines equipped with a wet emissions reduction system. In particular, the invention relates to a large diesel internal combustion engines installed on a ship and fitted with a wet emissions reductions system that is supplied water by an onboard advanced wastewater treatment system (AWTS).

Abstract: An eight-stroke engine cycle may include a first stroke forming an intake stroke and including opening an intake valve and providing a first fuel mass to the combustion chamber. The second stroke may form a first compression stroke and the third stroke may form a first expansion stroke including a first power stroke. The fourth and sixth strokes may form a second and third compression strokes and the fifth and seventh strokes may form a second and third expansion strokes. A second fuel mass may be provided to the combustion chamber during the fourth or sixth stroke. The intake valve may be in a closed position during the second and third expansion strokes and an exhaust valve in communication with the combustion chamber may be in a closed position during the second and third compression strokes. The eighth stroke may form an exhaust stroke including opening the exhaust valve.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a variable compression ratio mechanism able to change a mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism able to control the closing timing of an intake valve are provided. The mechanical compression ratio is made to be the maximum mechanical compression ratio at low load operation regions excluding idling operation, while during idling operation, the mechanical compression ratio is made lower than the maximum mechanical compression ratio.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a vehicle, such as a motorcycle, includes a crankcase, two banks of cylinders projecting from the crankcase in a 56-57 degree V-configuration, a plurality of pushrods, and a plurality of camshafts supported by the crankcase. The two banks of cylinders include a first cylinder bank that projects from the crankcase to a first cylinder head, and a second cylinder bank that projects from the crankcase to a second cylinder head. The plurality of intake and exhaust valve pushrods extend between the crankcase and the first and second cylinder heads, driven by one intake camshaft and two exhaust camshafts.

Abstract: An exhaust valve control method for a diesel engine 6 for switching between a normal combustion mode and a premixed combustion mode according to operating conditions; an exhaust valve 9 is opened only in the exhaust stroke in the normal combustion mode, and two-stage valve opening control is carried out to open the exhaust valve 9 not only in the exhaust stroke, but also between the latter part of the air inlet stroke and the initial stage of the compression stroke in the premixed combustion mode.

Abstract: A valve lift may be continuously varied by an apparatus that includes: an input cam provided on an input shaft; a mediating lever that moves upwards or downwards by the input cam and is formed with an output cam; a valve unit operated by the output cam; and a control device that is coupled to the mediating lever and is capable of changing a contact point between valve unit and the output cam of the mediating lever.

Abstract: In a variable valve opening property internal combustion engine, a roller link (22) is provided with a cam roller (31) at a free end thereof which engages a cam (3) of a camshaft (4) and a pressure surface (47) of a spring device (41). The roller link is pivotally supported by a bearing portion of a control link (21) which can be adjusted in position by using an actuator (14). The roller link is additionally provided with a roller shaft (31) that engages a slipper surface of a rocker arm (6). The pressure surface of the spring device may be contoured or otherwise inclined so that the direction of action of the spring device on the cam roller can be directed in an optimum direction irrespective of the adjusted position of the pivot point of the roller link.

Abstract: A valve timing adjusting apparatus includes a first rotor, a second rotor, and a bias mechanism. The bias mechanism is provided to one of the first and second rotors. The bias mechanism includes a resilient member and a projection portion that is rotatable together with the one of the first and second rotors. The projection portion is rotatable relative to the other one of the rotors and contacts a contact part of the other one. Restoring force of the resilient member is applied to the other one of the first and second rotors through the projection portion. The contact part includes an inclination portion that is configured to increase and decrease restoring force of the resilient member.

Abstract: Systems are provided for separating oil from blow-by gases in an internal combustion engine. In one example, a system comprises a camcover configured to be mounted on a cylinder head, and a baffle positioned between the camcover and the cylinder head. The baffle may include at least a first and a second baffle plate, the first baffle plate including a first through-hole on a first face of the first baffle plate, the second baffle plate including a second through-hole on a second face of the second baffle plate. Further, the first and second faces may be positioned opposite one another, and offset such that the first and second through-holes are not fully overlapping.

Abstract: An electronic module for a fan of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle comprising at least one deformable element (12, 28, 68), which when deformed can engage with a part (4) of the fan in a detachable manner, and at least one rigid projecting retaining element (24, 66), which can be inserted in a direction of insertion into a receptacle (26) or opening (38, 78) of a fan frame (4) before the deformable element (12, 28, 68) engages, wherein after the retaining element (24, 66) is inserted into the receptacle (26) or opening (38, 78), the electronic module (2) is movable with a single degree of freedom different from the direction of insertion in order to bring the deformable element (12, 28, 68) into engagement with the fan frame.

Abstract: An oil pan is provided for an internal combustion engine. The oil pan includes, but is not limited to a base part configured to form an oil sump and a suction channel that opens into the oil sump through an opening. The oil pan also includes, but is not limited to a nose in a region of the opening for at least partly covering a cross section of the suction channel in a horizontal direction of flow.

Abstract: An oil pan (20) includes: a pair of oil pan rail portions (21a, 21b), which are spaced apart from each other under an engine body (10a), and are fastened to the engine body (10a); a pair of side wall portions (22a, 22b), facing each other, which are formed integrally with the oil pan rail portions (21a, 21b); and a cylindrical portion (23), which surrounds a driving axle (19L, 19R) passed through the oil pan (20), and is integrally joined with the pair of side wall portions (22a, 22b) near the pair of oil pan rail portions (21a, 21b). At least one axial end (23a, 23b) of the cylindrical portion (23), an upper half portion (23c) of the cylindrical portion (23) positioned over the driving axle (19L, 19R) is thickened upward up to the level near the upper surface of the oil pan rail portion (21a, 21b).

Abstract: An oil pump assembly is shown for wet oil sump applications at extreme angles for power sports equipment. The oil pump is comprised of a pump body, an oil pick-up and a driven gear shield, where these components may be integrally formed from die cast aluminum. The pump body includes a rotor body housing a gerotor assembly for pumping. The oil pump is attached to the rear wall of the crankcase and below the crankshaft, and is driven by the crankshaft.

Abstract: A multi link type piston-crank mechanism comprises an upper link that has one end pivotally connected to a piston of the engine through a piston pin, a lower link that is pivotally connected to the other end of the upper link through an upper pin and rotatably disposed on a crank pin of a crankshaft of the engine; and a control link that has a base end part swingably held by a body of the engine and a leading end pivotally connected to the lower link through a control pin. An axis of the piston pin is offset relative to an axis of the piston in thrust and counter thrust directions. When the piston comes to BDC, a part of the piston takes a position below a lower edge of a corresponding cylinder of the engine and the upper pin is offset relative to the axis of the piston pin in the same direction as a pin offset direction in which the axis of the piston pin is offset in the thrust and counter thrust directions relative to the axis of the piston.

Abstract: An engine air intake system for an engine-powered working machine includes a lever cover which covers at least a base portion of an operation control lever mounted on an operation handle for operation by a human operator to control operation of at least one of the working machine and an engine of the working machine, a lower cover disposed inside the lever cover so as to define jointly with the lever cover a hollow space, an air intake portion having an air inlet opening and disposed in the lever cover such that at least the air inlet opening is disposed within the hollow space, and a fresh air guide hose interconnecting the air intake portion and the interior of an air-cleaner case.

Abstract: An energy transfer machine, for example, a positive displacement internal combustion device, has a fixed or rotating outer housing, an internal rotating carrier and one or more inner rotors with rotational axes which are offset from the inner rotor carrier rotational axis. Circumferentially expandable projections from the outer housing and rotor mesh with each other to define variable volume chambers.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for producing a rotary motion force by means of a compressed gas rotary engine, rotary type with pistons in the circular rotor, consisting of a housing, a rotor with cylinder chambers containing pistons that has a rod containing a bearing which rotates against a stationary cam, the rotor is connected to a shaft, and combined with a r rod guiding system This engine may be produced in any suitable size and contain as many pistons as needed. More than one engine may be attached together. The engine has many uses such as to power machinery, automobiles, motorcycles, boats, generators, etc.

Abstract: An exhaust brake has a body with a passageway for exhaust gases therein. A valve member is movably located within the passageway for selective movement between an open position where the valve member opens the passageway and exhaust gases are free to move through the passageway and a closed position where the valve member blocks the passageway and the passage of exhaust gases through the passageway. The valve member has an aperture therethrough to permit a limited flow of exhaust gases through the aperture when the aperture is open. An exhaust valve actuator mechanism is coupled to the valve member for moving the valve member between the open position and the closed position. A closure member is positioned adjacent to the aperture.

Abstract: A method for intensifying combustion of gas-fuel mixtures consists of stimulating the combustion mixture in a combustion chamber by a pulsed high-voltage discharge of nanosecond duration, wherein the discharge amplitude is set up according to a condition of maximising a heat input in electronic degrees of freedom and in a gas dissociation and preventing the passage of plasma electrons to an escape mode at a main discharge stage, the high-voltage pulse leading edge build-up time is limited by the condition of obtaining a homogeneous filling of a discharge gap by plasma and a pulsed energy efficient transmission to the plasma, a high-voltage pulse time is limited by the condition, wherein a highly-unstable plasma state is attained, the discharge gap resistance is reduced, the discharge gap is better matched to a generator, and an efficient electric power input into the plasmas is obtained.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of pumps arranged to supply respective flows of pressurized fuel to a common accumulator volume that supplies the pressurized fuel in turn to a plurality of fuel injectors. An engine control unit controls the flow rate of pressurized fuel into the accumulator volume in response to engine load. The flow rate of pressurized fuel from at least one pump of the plurality is dependent upon engine speed; whereas at least one other pump of the plurality comprises a fuel output control responsive to the engine control unit enabling the flow rate of pressurized fuel from that pump to be varied independently of engine speed. In this way, the engine control unit controls the aggregate flow rate of pressurized fuel from the pumps into the accumulator volume, while controlling only one of the pumps. This reduces the cost of control apparatus and allows greater freedom of pump selection and flow circuit design.

Abstract: In a high pressure fuel pump control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which has a high pressure fuel pump of an engine driven type capable of pressure feeding a controlled amount of fuel by driving a fuel suction valve to close at predetermined timing in a fuel delivery stroke, fuel pressure in an accumulator is swiftly raised by reliably pressure feeding a maximum amount of fuel from a fuel delivery stroke immediately after engine starting while avoiding heat generation by a solenoid for controlling the fuel suction valve, whereby deterioration of a combustion state and exhaust emissions at engine starting can be prevented. A starting time control section continuously energizes the solenoid over a period from the beginning of engine starting until when it becomes possible to perform valve closing timing control on the fuel suction valve based on the rotational position of the engine after completion of cylinder identification.

Abstract: An accurate control of a solenoid-operated fuel injector in a Diesel or gasoline engine specifies that a pull-in voltage (Vpull-in) higher than the generally available battery voltage (Vbatt) is applied to the injector, and that the injection is ended as quickly as possible, in order that the fuel injection closely follows the solenoid current profile. When the initial pull-in voltage is lower than the expected nominal value, a deviation of the injected fuel quantity appears with respect to the nominal quantity. This inconvenience is overcome by monitoring the actual value of a selected parameter, such as the actual value of the initial pull-in voltage (Vpull-in), and the injection start time (te) and the solenoid energizing time (ET) are correspondingly modified.