Abstract: Rinsing and drying a surface of a microelectronic device and the enhanced removal of rinse fluid from the surface of the microelectronic device while the microelectronic device is rotated is provided as part of a spray processing operation. Rinse fluid is generally directed to the surface of the microelectronic device by a dispensing device while one or more such microelectronic devices are supported on a turntable in a generally horizontal fashion. Drying gas is supplied after the rinsing step. During at least a portion of both rinsing and drying steps, a drying enhancement substance, such as IPA, is delivered to enhance the rinsing and drying. Particle counts and evaporation thicknesses are reduced by delivering a tensioactive compound like IPA, during at least portions of the rinsing and drying steps while a microelectronic device is controllably rotated.

Abstract: Quenching fluid composition comprising one or more additives and a saturated base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. “K” expressed in centistokes and a viscosity index “I” wherein I is greater than 120 and K greater than 2 cSt.

Abstract: A treatment solution that is used to form a chemical coating of trivalent chromium free of hexavalent chromium having uniform black appearance and good corrosion resistance on the surface of zinc or zinc alloy and that attains prolongation of treatment bath lifetime; and a method of forming a black trivalent chromium chemical coating on the surface of zinc or zinc alloy. There is provided a treatment solution for forming of a black trivalent chromium chemical coating on zinc or zinc alloy, comprising trivalent chromium ions, a chelating agent capable of forming a water-soluble complex with trivalent chromium, zinc ions, a sulfur compound and phosphite ions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a line pipe of, e.g., the API standard X60 to X100 class. The line pipe has an excellent deformability, as well as excellent low temperature toughness and high productivity, a steel plate used as the material of the steel pipe. Methods for producing the steel pipe and the steel plate are also provided. In particular, a high-strength steel plate excellent in the deformability has a ferrite phase is dispersed finely, and accounts for 5% to 40% in area percentage in a low temperature transformation structure mainly composed of a bainite phase. For example, most grain sizes of the ferrite phase are smaller than the average grain size of the bainite phase. A high-strength steel pipe excellent in deformability is also provided, in which a large diameter steel pipe is produced through forming the steel plate into a pipe shape. The steel pipe has the above-referenced structure, and satisfies the conditions that YS/TS is 0.95 or less and YS×uEL is 5,000 or more.

Abstract: A wire rod or a steel wire of a bamboo nano-structure, whose mean grain diameter in a C-direction section is 200 nm or smaller, is prepared by applying a hot or warm working and additionally applying a cold working to a steel and next, by performing a forging, by a tool or a die such as cold pressure production, to a section, of a desired, limited site, other than a section parallel to an L-direction, an equiaxed nano-structure, whose mean grain diameter is 200 nm or smaller, is formed in this site. As a typical example of a formed article, there is enumerated a high strength micro screw in which a shaft outer diameter is 1.6 mm or smaller, a surface layer part of a head part recess has equiaxed nano-structure and a hardness Hv?300, and a screw main body portion has bamboo nano-structure and a hardness Hv?250.

Abstract: The invention is directed to providing, for application in automobiles, construction materials, household appliances and the like, high-strength sheets excellent in formability properties such as hole expansibility and ductility, and also in fatigue resistance, characterized in comprising, in specified contents expressed in mass %, C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, N and O and a balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, and having a steel sheet structure composed mainly of ferrite and hard structures, a crystal orientation difference between some ferrite adjacent to hard structures and the hard structures of less than 9°, and a maximum tensile strength of 540 MPa or greater.

Abstract: The present invention provides an induction-hardened hollow driving shaft that comprises, as a raw material, a steel pipe that contains, by mass %, 0.30 to 0.47% C, 0.5% or less Si, 0.3 to 2.0% Mn, 0.018% or less P, 0.015% or less S, 0.15 to 1.0% Cr, 0.001 to 0.05% Al, 0.005 to 0.05% Ti, 0.004% or less Ca, 0.01% or less N, 0.0005 to 0.005% B and 0.0050% or less O (oxygen) and the balance Fe and impurities and of which Beff defined by an equation (a) or (b) below is 0.0001 or more, wherein a prior austenite grain size number (JIS G0551) after the hardening is 9 or more. Here, in the case of Neff=N?14×Ti/47.9?0, Beff=B?10.8×(N?14×Ti/47.9)/14 . . . (a), and, in other cases, Beff=B . . . (b). According to the present invention, a hollow driving shaft that is simultaneously provided with excellent cold workability, hardenability, toughness and torsional fatigue strength and can exert stable fatigue lifetime can be obtained and can be widely utilized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amorphous alloy and a method for manufacturing thereof. The amorphous alloy according to the present invention includes has a chemical formula of Feioo-a-b-c-d-e-f-gCraMobCcBaYeMflg. Here, the M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Al, Co, N1 and Ni, and the I is at least one selected from a group consisting of Mn, P, S, and O as impurities. The a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are satisfied with the compositions of 16.0 wt %?a<22.0 wt %, 15.0 wt %<b?27.0 wt %, 2.0 wt %?c<3.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %<d?1.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %<e?3.5 wt %, 0.25 wt %<f?3.0 wt %, and 0.01 wt %?g<0.5 wt %, respectively.

Abstract: A high Fe-containing zirconium composition having excellent corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, disclosed are a high Fe-containing zirconium composition having excellent corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof, the composition comprising: 0.5-1.0 wt % iron; 0.25-0.5 wt % chromium; 0.06-0.18 wt % oxygen; at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.2-0.5 wt % tin, 0.1-0.3 wt % niobium and 0.05-0.3 wt % copper; and the balance of zirconium. The zirconium alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, and thus can be used as a material for nuclear fuel claddings, spacer grids and nuclear reactor core structures in light water reactor and heavy water reactor nuclear power plants.

Abstract: The invention provides Cu—Ni—Si—Co—Cr copper alloys for electronic materials having excellent characteristics such as dramatically improved strength and electrical conductivity. In one aspect, the invention is a Cu—Ni—Si—Co—Cr copper alloy for electronic materials, containing about 0.5-about 2.5% by weight of Ni, about 0.5 -about 2.5% by weight of Co, about 0.30-about 1.2% by weight of Si, and about 0.09 -about 0.5% by weight of Cr, and the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities, wherein the ratio of the total weight of Ni and Co to the weight of Si in the alloy composition satisfies the formula: about 4?[Ni+Co]/Si?about 5, and the ratio of Ni to Co in the alloy composition satisfies the formula: about 0.5?Ni/Co?about 2, and wherein Pc is equal to or less than about 15/1000 ?m2, or Pc/P is equal to or less than about 0.

Abstract: An alloy suitable for coating metal surfaces is provided in which the alloy provides a liquid melt which contains a fraction of dissolved oxide forming additives as deoxidizers. The alloyed combination of elements in the liquid melt resists compound formation thus preserving the chemical activity of the individual elements. In a coating application, the alloy may form a coating that can interact with and remove the oxide or residual oxide coating of the base metal to be coated, i.e., scrub the surface of the metal clean. This results in increased coating bond strength and the ability to bond effectively to normally difficult alloys such as stainless steel, refractory metals (W, Ti, Ta etc.), or aluminum alloys which form protective oxide layers.

Abstract: A fibrous mat-faced cementitious article comprising (a) a cementitious core, and (b) a first fibrous mat comprising polymer or mineral fibers and a hydrophobic finish on at least one surface thereof, wherein the hydrophobic finish is in contact with the cementitious core, and a method of preparing a fibrous mat-faced cementitious article, as well as a method of preparing a water-resistant cementitious article comprising (a) preparing an aqueous siloxane dispersion, wherein the dispersion comprises about 4 wt. % to about 8 wt. % siloxane, (b) combining the siloxane dispersion with a cementitious mixture to provide a cementitious slurry, (c) depositing the cementitious slurry onto a substrate, and (d) allowing the cementitious slurry to harden, thereby providing a cementitious article.

Abstract: A method for making an illustrated card has providing a cardboard with at least one printed layer and ornamentation; positioning one ornamentation on one of the adhesive portions; pressing the ornamentation toward the adhesive portion; and repeating positioning one ornamentation on one of the adhesive portions and pressing the ornamentation toward the adhesive portion. The illustrated card allows users especially children to make the illustrated card by themselves and children can be trained to arrange the ornamentation with different colors for improving chromatological and fine-motor skills.

Abstract: The invention discloses a case clamp (20) for clamping of carcass parts into furniture carcasses, such as tall cupboards, top or bottom cupboards, having a base frame (1), at least one pair of compression beams (6, 7) provided on the base frame (1), whereby at least one compression beam is traversable along the base frame in relation to the other compression beam, and at least one feed device (5) for transporting in carcass parts to be clamped and/or for transporting out clamped carcasses. The case clamp according to the invention is characterized in that the case clamp (20) also has an ultrasonic welding device (15, 16, 17).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for creating tubular devices, e.g., as components for catheters, sheaths, and or other devices sized for introduction into a patient. In one embodiment, a method is provided for making a tubular device using a sheet of material including a coated first surface. The sheet is rolled around a mandrel until longitudinal edges of the sheet are disposed near or adjacent one another, e.g., without attaching the longitudinal edges together. A tubular braid is positioned over the sheet-wrapped mandrel, one or more tubular segments are positioned over the tubular braid, and heat shrink tubing is positioned over the tubular segments. The resulting assembly is heated to cause the tubular segments to at least partially reflow and/or otherwise laminate the tubular segments to the tubular braid and sheet. The heat shrink tubing and mandrel are then removed to create the tubular device.

Abstract: A method of positioning a tape preform as a layer onto a resistive device substrate during the manufacture of a layered resistive device is provided. The method includes locating the tape preform in a predetermined position and translating one or more of the following relative to each other until a portion of the positioning device engages the tape preform: a positioning device, the resistive device substrate, and the tape preform. The method also includes continuing the translation until the tape preform engages the resistive device substrate and continuing the translation such that components of the positioning device progressively translate around the resistive device substrate and subsequently position the tape preform onto the resistive device substrate. In some forms, the method includes using a controller and/or applying a predetermined cycle of temperature, pressure, and time to the substrate and tape preform.

Abstract: Process for the production of a blister sheet which comprises the following steps: a) extrusion of a bottom film, a central film, a top film starting from the corresponding granule; b) thermoforming of the central film; c) calibration and partial cooling of the bottom and top films; d) heating of at least one side of the bottom and top films and coupling of the two bottom and top films with the thermoformed film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an elongate stiffening element and a rigid shell structure integrated with at least one elongate stiffening element. The method includes providing a preformed, form-stable reinforcement member, which has a hat profile with two inwardly directed, opposing flange portions, covering the reinforcement member with a curable composite material to form an external hat profile having outwardly directed flanges, and integrating this assembly with either a curable or preformed shell structure of composite material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell module for a vehicle sunroof is disclosed, in which a solar cell is cut into multiple pieces so that it can be closely adhered to a curved glasses of a sunroof which is generally installed at an intermediate portion of a vehicle roof so as to provide a driver with an air circulation effect in the interior of a vehicle and a fresh driving feeling with its open environment. A solar cell module for a sunroof is manufactured based on a high temperature and vacuum compression work using a laminator as an EVA film adhering unit. So, it is possible to easily perform a laminating work for adhering a sunroof curved glass and a solar cell as compared to a conventional art in which it is not easy to perform the above work.

Abstract: A novel molded fabric is made by bringing a first patterned group of numerous discrete disjoint elements positioned on a first side of a contact boundary extending throughout the thickness of the fabric being molded, together with a second patterned group of numerous discrete disjoint elements, over-lapping the first group of discrete disjoint elements, on the opposite side of the contact boundary, and joining the elements together at their tip portions. Various techniques are disclosed for maintaining separation of overlapping cross-over portions of the thread elements crossing each other during joining the terminal portions together, so that they simulate woven cloth. First and second rolls can carry the elements in molten form within cavities in the roller surfaces or patterns of solid elements within first and second matrices, can be joined together at the nip of the rolls by heat or chemical means to produce substantial savings in fabric manufacture.

Abstract: In a method of making a body part or chassis part of a motor vehicle, several pre-impregnated fiber materials (prepregs) are stacked on top o one another, with an outermost prepreg intended for attachment to a metallic base body being provided with an adhesive. The stacked prepregs are then shaped into a three-dimensional preform which is then compressed with the base body in a press tool for bonding the preform with the base body and allowing the adhesive to cure, thereby producing a joined structure which is allowed to cure.

Abstract: Perforated retroreflective fabric, trim or tape that comprises a substrate (30) having a first and second sides and a plurality of openings (39) extending between the sides, providing a backing (50) on the first side of the substrate, providing a retroreflective layer (40) on the second side of the substrate, adhering the retroreflective layer to the second side and to the backing through said openings and removing the backing from the first side to strip away the retroreflective layer adhered to the backing through the openings in the substrate.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for improving the field emission of an electron field emitter comprised of an acicular emitting substance such as acicular carbon, an acicular semiconductor, an acicular metal or a mixture thereof, comprising applying a force to the surface of the electron field emitter wherein the force results in the removal of a portion of the electron field emitter thereby forming a new surface of the electron field emitter.

Abstract: A jointing apparatus includes a first laser head which emits a laser beam for adhesive heating and a second laser head which emits a laser beam for welding. In jointing components of a work with a thermosetting adhesive agent, the defocused laser beam is applied to an adhered part for a short time. Thereupon, the adhesive agent is primarily cured so that the components are tacked together. In spot-welding the components, the laser beam for welding that is converged by the second laser head is applied to a spot-welded joint.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (meth)acrylic adhesives with high impact resistance and no or low odor. The compositions comprise at least a (meth)acrylic ester E which may be obtained by esterification of an alcohol ALC and methacrylic or acrylic acid, said alcohol ALC contains at least 5 carbon atoms; and at least a rubber block co-polymer RS being solid at room temperature and which is a co-polymer of styrene and butadiene and/or isoprene and/or ethylene propylene diene monomer; and at least a polymer PL having pending (meth)acrylic groups and is a butadiene/acrylonitrile co-polymer with terminal (meth)acrylic groups or a polyurethane (meth)acrylate or an ester obtainable by esterification of an alcohol ALC-II and methacrylic or acrylic acid and which has a molecular weight between 200 and 9000 g/mol. Such combinations E-RS-PL have lower viscosity than PL and a combination E-RS.

Abstract: A method of controlling surface non-uniformity of a wafer in a polishing operation includes (a) providing a model for a wafer polishing that defines a plurality of regions on a wafer and identifies a wafer material removal rate in a polishing step of a polishing process for each of the regions, wherein the polishing process comprises a plurality of polishing steps, (b) polishing a wafer using a first polishing recipe based upon an incoming wafer thickness profile, (c) determining a wafer thickness profile for the post-polished wafer of step (b), and (d) calculating an updated polishing recipe based upon the wafer thickness profile of step (c) and the model of step (a) to maintain a target wafer thickness profile. The model can information about the tool state to improve the model quality. The method can be used to provide feedback to a plurality of platen stations.

Abstract: A shower head structure characterized by comprising a shower head section, opposed to the upper surface of a mounting table in an evacuable treating vessel, for injecting a processing gas into the treating vessel; a temperature observation through-hole which opens in the lower surface of the shower head so as to be opposed to the upper surface of the mounting table, a transparent observation window which hermetically seals the upper end of the temperature observation through-hole, a radiation thermometer disposed on the upper surface of the transparent observation window, an adhesion preventive gas supply path communicating with the temperature observation through-hole to prevent a film from adhering to the transparent observation window, wherein the adhesion preventive gas supply path communicates with the temperature observation through-hole through an injection nozzle for injecting the adhesion preventive gas to the transparent observation window.

Abstract: A capacitive coupling plasma processing apparatus includes a process chamber configured to have a vacuum atmosphere, and a process gas supply section configured to supply a process gas into the chamber. In the chamber, a first electrode and a second electrode are disposed opposite each other. The second electrode includes a plurality of conductive segments separated from each other and facing the first electrode. An RF power supply is configured to apply an RF power to the first electrode to form an RF electric field within a plasma generation region between the first and second electrodes, so as to turn the process gas into plasma by the RF electric field. A DC power supply is configured to apply a DC voltage to at least one of the segments of the second electrode.

Abstract: Methods of treating wood and wood products include irradiating untreated wood having a first molecular weight with ionizing radiation to cause an increase in the molecular weight of a cellulosic component of the wood to a second, relatively higher molecular weight.

Abstract: A tissue paper product having at least one ply, wherein only one outer surface of said tissue paper product has a polyhydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of glycerols, polyglycerols, polyethylene glycols (PEGS), polyoxyethylenes, polyoxypropylenes, and combinations thereof applied thereto by slot extrusion, said polyhydroxy compound providing said tissue paper product with a Wet Burst greater than about 90 g, a Dynamic Coefficient of Friction less than about 0.9, and a Bending Flexibility less than about 0.1 gf cm2/cm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising (a) a functional promoter comprising a water-soluble anionic polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 50,000 daltons and a molecular weight charge index value of at least about 10,000; (b) a cationic surfactant component; such that when the composition treats a fibrous substrate, in conjunction with a cationic strength agent, the treated fibrous substrate exhibits (i) a ratio of wet tensile strength to dry tensile strength ranging from about 1:5 o to about 1:2 and (ii) an increase in a ratio of wet tensile strength to dry tensile strength of at least about 10%, as compared to when the fibrous substrate is treated with the functional promoter and without a surfactant. The invention also relates to a paper product made with such a system, and method for imparting wet strength to a paper product with the functional promoter.

Abstract: A static dewatering element (10) for a web forming machine has a thermally sprayed coating (26) manufactured of powder particles (34). The powder particles (34) are agglomerates composed of primary particles (36). The average size of the primary particles (36) is smaller than 0.5 ?m. The invention also relates to a method for covering a static dewatering element designed for a web forming machine.

Abstract: Method and device for producing a web of tissue. In the method, the web of tissue is led over at least one drying cylinder, doctored off the latter with a creping doctor and then wound up by way of a winding device. The web of tissue is supported at least largely over the entire distance between creping doctor and winding device on one side by a transfer device, so that there is only a short free web draw, while its other side is free. The device includes at least one drying cylinder, a creping doctor arranged on the drying cylinder and a winding device that winds up the web of tissue. Between the creping doctor and the winding device, a transfer device at least largely bridges the entire distance which supports the web of tissue on one side. There is a short free web draw, but its other side is left free.

Abstract: A reactive sputtering method for application of a bias voltage to a supporting substrate in formation of a film of a metal compound on the supporting substrate according to a bias sputtering method; wherein a supporting substrate conveyor unit and a cathode that includes a target facing the supporting substrate conveyor unit are provided; the supporting substrate is conveyed between the supporting substrate conveyor unit and the target for formation of a film of a metal compound on the supporting substrate; magnets are provided adjacent to the supporting substrate conveyor unit on a side thereof opposite to that of the supporting substrate, such that a magnetic field is closed and a continuing tunnel part of parallel or nearly parallel arched magnetic force lines forms an oval or a polygon on the supporting substrate, the magnets each having a first magnetic pole of an S pole or an N pole and a second magnetic pole opposite to the first magnetic pole, the second magnetic pole surrounding the first magnetic po

Abstract: An improved metal coated textile and its production method where the coating of metal is deposited onto the textile through sputtering process in thickness between 20 to 2000 angstroms, with less than 5% variance in thickness across the entire length and width of the textile with width up to and over 10000 mm and length up to and over 1000 meters. The improved sputtering process utilizes longer cathodes, arrangements of metal target(s), tension controller with tension meter(s), guard(s), cylinder cover(s), and control over the textile while traveling through the chamber. The metal layer deposited is highly adhesive to the textile and is suitable for producing clothing, swim wear, diving suit, tent, cushion, wall paper, curtain, carpet, protective cover, screen window, equipment casing, and various other items.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a one-dimensional spin photonic crystal device and a one-dimensional spin photonic crystal device prepared by the same. The method comprises forming magnetic and nonmagnetic regions by the interference of laser beams generated from a femtosecond laser light source. The method of the present invention enables production of one-dimensional spin photonic crystals having excellent properties by a rapid and simple process, and is therefore suitable for high integration and large-scale production of desired devices. Further, the prepared photonic crystals exhibit excellent magneto-optical effects and are therefore applicable to development of novel optical devices, and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for sharpening the tip of an electrical conductor. The methods of the invention are capable of producing tips with an apex radius of curvature less than 2 nm. The methods of the invention are based on simultaneous direction of ionized atoms towards the apex of a previously sharpened conducting tip and application of an electric potential difference to the tip. The sign of the charge on the ions is the same as the sign of the electric potential. The methods of the invention can be used to sharpen metal wires, metal wires tipped with conductive coatings, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, semiconducting nanowires, and semiconductors in other forms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a system for electrical connection between the successive cells (pots) arranged in series for the production of aluminium by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite, by the Hall-Heroult process. The invention is applied to series of cells arranged transversely to the axis of the series (line) and operating at a current greater than 300 kA and possibly above 600 kA. The present invention combines the different advantages of known design concepts into effective novel technical solutions for large pots. The solution optimises the resulting magnetic field and busbar performance parameters like voltage drop, weight, current distribution, distribution and average levels of magnetic field, inter-row distance, anode riser solutions and physical space for the busbar requirements.

Abstract: An oxygen generator includes a monolithic body having first and second channels extending longitudinally therein. An electrode is operatively disposed in the first channels and a counter-electrode is operatively disposed in the second channels. The second channels are formed in the monolithic body so each second channel is electrically isolated from, yet adjacent to a first channel, resulting in an alternating configuration of first and second channels. The first channels have fluid or oxygen flowing therethrough, while the second channels have the other of oxygen or fluid flowing therethrough. An output manifold, having an oxygen collection area separated from a fluid collection area, operatively engages with the monolithic body. The oxygen collection area receives substantially pure oxygen from one of the second or first channels, and the fluid collection area receives oxygen-depleted fluid from the other of the first or second channels.

Abstract: A structure of cathodic fingers for a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell with improved voltage and faradic efficiency is described, characterized in that a sheet provided with projections is inserted inside each finger. The interwoven wire mesh or the perforated sheet, forming each finger, is secured by a conductive connection, preferably by welding, to the top of each projection, thereby providing optimal uniformity of the electrical current distribution. The projections have a shape preferably equivalent to spherical caps, disposed in a quincuncial pattern. The internal volume of each finger is subdivided by the sheet provided with projections into two portions wherein both the free upward motion of hydrogen bubbles and the free longitudinal motion of the separated hydrogen take place towards the cell perimetrical chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate; a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer. The present invention also provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate, a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing: at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh and/or at least one oxide of said platinum group metals; and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum series metals, valve metals, iron series metals and silver and/or at least one oxide of said metals; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer.

Abstract: In a PVD reactor having a sputter target at the ceiling, a conductive housing enclosing the rotating magnet assembly has a central port for the rotating magnet axle. A conductive hollow cylinder of the housing surrounds an external portion of the spindle. RF power is coupled to a radial RF connection rod extending radially from the hollow cylinder. DC power is coupled to another radial DC connection rod extending radially from the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: A multi-chamber treatment/processing apparatus includes: a means for controlling/regulating operation of the apparatus providing the following operational sequence: performing a treatment/processing of at least one magnetic and/or magneto-optical disk in treatment/processing chambers, while each inlet gate and each outlet gate of each treatment/processing chamber is in a closed position and gas is exhausted from each buffer/isolation chamber; opening each of the inlet and outlet gates of each of the treatment/processing chambers and transporting the at least one magnetic and/or magneto-optical disk therein to the adjacent buffer/isolation chamber; closing the outlet gate of each of the treatment/processing chambers; transporting each of the magnetic and/or magneto-optical disk through a respective buffer/isolation chamber and initiating a flow of a respective gas to each treatment/processing chamber; and closing the inlet gate of each treatment/processing chamber immediately upon completion of entry of the at

Abstract: Stabilization of aqueous resinous dispersions containing a pigment of a divalent metal such as strontium chromate is disclosed. Stabilization is achieved by incorporating a chelating agent in the dispersion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide devices and methods for extracting nucleic acid molecules from solution using electric fields. The structures and methods of embodiments of the invention are suited to incorporation into micro and nano fluidic devices, such as lab-on-a-chip devices and micro total analysis systems.

Abstract: Techniques for forming metal catalyst particles on a metal tip, and nanostructures on a metal tip are provided.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of long, dimensionally uniform, metallic nanowires that are removable from the surface on which they are synthesized. The methods include the selective electrodeposition of metal nanowires at step edges present on a stepped surface, such as graphite, from an aqueous solution containing a metal or metal oxide. Where a metal oxide is first deposited, the metal oxide nanowires are reduced via a gas phase reduction at elevated temperatures to metal nanowires. Alternatively, beaded or hybrid nanowires comprising a metal A into which nanoparticles of a metal B have been inserted may be prepared by first electrodepositing nanoparticles of metal B selectively along step edges of a stepped surface, capping these nanoparticles with a molecular layer of an organic ligand, selectively electrodepositing nanowire segments of metal A between nanoparticles of metal B and then heating the surface of the hybrid nanowire under reducing conditions to remove the ligand layer.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to methods for forming multi-layer three-dimensional structures involving the joining of at least two structural elements, at least one of which is formed as a multi-layer three-dimensional structure, wherein the joining occurs via one of: (1) elastic deformation and elastic recovery and subsequent retention of elements relative to each other, (2) relative deformation of an initial portion of at least one element relative to another portion of the at least one element until the at least two elements are in a desired retention position after which the deformation is reduced or eliminated and a portion of at least one element is brought into position which in turn locks the at least two elements together via contact with one another including contact with the initial portion of at least one element, or (3) moving a retention region of one element into the retention region of the other element, without deformation of either element, along a path including a loading region of the other el

Abstract: A circuit board with identifiable information and a method for fabricating the same are proposed. At least one insulating layer within the circuit board has a non-circuit area free of a circuit layout. A plurality of openings are formed in the non-circuit area of the insulating layer. A patterned circuit layer is formed on the insulating layer. Metal identifiable information is disposed in the openings of the non-circuit area. By this arrangement, a product status of the circuit board can be traced and identified via the metal patterned information.

Abstract: The invention is an electrolytic microfinishing process which utilizes a conductive tool as a cathode and a conductive workpiece as an anode both connected to a power supply. Electrolytic fluid is pumped between the tool and workpiece, creating a decomposition of the workpiece surface allowing the surface of the workpiece to be removed or wiped away by the interaction of the flowing electrolyte and rotation of the tool without generating any heat at a rate significantly faster than any other known machining process. The tool has no contact with the workpiece and accordingly, requires very low clamping loads to hold the workpiece in the spindle during the finishing operation. Due to the low clamping loads, the distortion of the workpiece is completely eliminated. Modulating the power supply during the work cycle allows the use of a single tool for both roughing and finishing as a continuous cycle to significantly provide surface finishes previously unobtainable.