Abstract: A reflow apparatus for solder joining electronic components to a substrate includes a reflow chamber, a conveyor to convey a substrate within the chamber, at least one heating element to provide heat to reflow solder on the substrate, and at least one system to remove contaminants generated from the reflow solder. The system is coupled with the chamber for passage of a vapor stream from the chamber through the system. The system comprises a contaminant collection unit in fluid communication with the vapor stream. The contaminant collection unit includes a coil and a collection container. The coil is configured to receive cooled gas therein. The arrangement is such that when introducing cooled gas in the coil, contaminants in the vapor stream condense on the coil, and when ceasing the introduction of cooled gas in the coil, contaminants in the vapor stream are released from the coil and collected in the collection container. Other embodiments and methods for removing contaminants are further disclosed.

Abstract: A filter device has a filter element made from a filter hose that has a filter wall separating an unfiltered side from a clean side of the filter device in a radial direction. In preferred embodiments the filter wall of the filter hose is provided with a very fine particle filtration layer including nanofibers. The diameter of the nanofibers is less than one micrometer. The nanofiber layer can be applied to a green filter material and the filter element can be produced subsequently from the filter material with applied nanofiber layer. Alternatively, the nanofiber layer can be applied to a finished filter element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter for purifying exhaust gases which makes it possible to alleviate a thermal stress generated due to occurrence of a local temperature change and which is less likely to generate cracks and superior in strength and durability, an adhesive that has a low thermal capacity and is capable of alleviating the thermal stress, a coating material that has a low thermal capacity with a superior heat insulating property and is capable of alleviating the thermal stress, and a manufacturing method of the honeycomb filter for purifying exhaust gases that can improve precision in the outside dimension, and reduce damages in the manufacturing processes.

Abstract: There is provided a ceramic filter capable of controlling extraordinary rise of the internal temperature upon regeneration by reducing an amount of deposited soot (particulates) by increasing a passage flow rate in the through-cells and realizing improvement of the regeneration limit and correspondence of PM emission and a method for manufacturing a ceramic filter. A plurality of through channels 7 are formed in the honeycomb segment 2, and the cells are constituted as inlets and/or outlets of the through channels 7 and contain a plurality of honeycomb segments 2 bonded to one another. Each honeycomb segment 2 includes a first inflow port 8, a second inflow port 9, and as a part at least through-cells 10 formed to extend there through in such a manner that fluid can be discharged from the inlet to the outlet of the cells without being plugged at the inlet and the outlet of the cell.

Abstract: A filter element that has at least two, planar, non-curved filtration panels. In a preferred embodiment, the filter element has three panels, providing a generally triangular filter element. The outlet aperture, from the filter element, generally follows the configuration of the filter. That is, a filter element having three filtration panels will have a generally three-sided outlet aperture. The outlet aperture preferably is not a true polygon, but rather, includes rounded or curved sides and/or corners. The filter element includes an outlet sealing configuration that may provide both axial and radial sealing to outlet ductwork.

Abstract: A nickel powder with an average particle size of 0.05 to 1.0 ?m, which is composed of nickel particles having an oxidized surface layer and containing sulfur, wherein the sulfur content with respect to the total weight of the powder is 100 to 2000 ppm, and the intensity of a peak identified to sulfur bonded to nickel in surface analysis by ESCA of the nickel particles varies in a direction toward the center from the surface of the particles, and this intensity has its maximum at a location deeper than 3 nm from the particle outermost surface. This nickel powder is manufactured by bringing a nickel powder containing sulfur and dispersed in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere into contact with an oxidizing gas at a high temperature.

Abstract: A method and a device for admixture of powder in a liquid, whereby the method comprises that the liquid in a supply (14), influenced by underpressure in a crucible (12) to which the liquid is to be transferred, flows through a drain tube (6) out of the supply (14), the powder is dosed from a powder receptacle (1) and is driven by a gas, and the mixture of powder and gas is added to the liquid in the drain tube (6) and mixed therewith, whereupon the mixture flows into the crucible (12). The device comprises a supply (14) from which the liquid may flow and a receptacle (1) with powder, whereby a drain tube (6) connects the supply (14) with a receiving receptacle (12) which can be held at an inner underpressure. A device (4) for supply of a driving gas for the powder is connected to a mixing chamber (3) at an outlet from the powder receptacle (1), while the mixing chamber (3) is connected to the drain tube (6) for supply of powder to the liquid flowing in the drain tube.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to collect a scarce metal such as iridium from a light-emitting element which is no longer used. A method for collecting a metal is provided in which an organic metal compound which can emit visible light from a triplet excited state at room temperature is heated, or an EL layer of a light-emitting layer containing an organic metal compound which can emit visible light from a triplet excited state at room temperature is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and the solution is heated, irradiated with microwaves or treated with acid water. According to the above method, resources of metals such as iridium or platinum, which are scarce metals, can be utilized efficiently.

Abstract: A system and process for gas homogenization is disclosed. This has application in the areas of generation of gas and its conversion to electricity in downstream applications. The homogenization system minimizes variance in the gas characteristics (composition, flow, pressure, temperature), thereby rendering a steady stream of gas of consistent quality to the downstream machinery. This homogenization system can be adjusted to optimize the output gas stream for specific end-applications, or to optimize the output gas stream for different input feedstocks. This ensures that overall conversion efficiencies are maximized while keeping the process cost-effective. Such a uniform, steady output gas stream has a wide range of applications in the broad areas of generation of electricity (e.g. using internal combustion engines and combustion turbine engines), chemical synthesis (e.g.

Abstract: A method of providing error correction to flow velocity readings of a fluid flowing through a filter arrangement for monitoring the service life of the filter, wherein a filter arrangement, comprising a filter and a sensor device is arranged downstream of the filter, the sensor device including at least one measuring sensor for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid which flows through the filter, and a further measuring sensor for measuring the air humidity of the fluid which flows through the filter. A reading of said second sensor element provides an error correction to the first sensor element.

Abstract: A sonotrode specially adapted for defoaming liquids during container filing operations, has an upper body portion having a first diameter and having an upper face adapted to be mounted to a driving transducer, a middle body portion having a second diameter larger than the first diameter situated below the upper body portion, a generally conical portion situated between the upper body portion the middle body portion, and a transition portion situated between the middle body portion and a lower face adapted to be directed toward a liquid upper surface within a container, the lower face being generally rectangular.

Abstract: A method for separating and enriching isotopes in an efficient and low-cost manner from a condensation-system (liquid or/and solid) material including two or more different isotopes by taking advantage of the sedimentation of atoms through an acceleration field by ultra-high speed rotation. The condensation-system material is placed in a sedimentation tank which is then housed in a supercentrifuge. The supercentrifuge in its rotor is rotation driven by an ultra-high speed rotation power source, and an acceleration field of energy of 100000 G to 1500000 G, i.e., about 100 to 800 m/s in terms of peripheral velocity, is applied to the above condensed (liquid or/and solid) material under such a temperature that is specified by an isotope material to be enriched. In this case, a difference in centrifugal force applied is provided between the isotopes in the condensed (liquid or/and solid) material comprising the at least two isotopes.

Abstract: A device for separating a flowing medium mixture into at least two fractions, comprising rotating means (7) in the form of a rotating assembly of feed channels (6) for rotating the flowing mixture for separating, a feed for the medium mixture (5) for separating connecting to the rotating means, and an outlet connecting to the rotating means for discharging one of the fractions of the separated medium mixture, wherein the medium mixture can display a substantially turbulent flow during separation. Also disclosed is a method for separating a flowing medium mixture.

Abstract: A membrane-based gas separation process for treating gas streams that contain methane in low concentrations. The invention involves flowing the stream to be treated across the feed side of a membrane and flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side. Carbon dioxide permeates the membrane preferentially and is picked up in the sweep air stream on the permeate side; oxygen permeates in the other direction and is picked up in the methane-containing stream. The resulting residue stream is enriched in methane as well as oxygen and has an EMC value enabling it to be either flared or combusted by mixing with ordinary air.

Abstract: An improved two stage pressure swing adsorption process for producing enriched oxygen and separating nitrogen or oxygen from a feed air stream. The process utilizes two-stage pressure swing adsorption plants which are serially connected. In the first stage, carbon dioxide, water and part of nitrogen are removed and nitrogen is concentrated. In the second stage nitrogen is further separated from the effluent intermediate gas from the adsorption step in the adsorption towers of the first stage and oxygen is concentrated to the desired concentration. In the first stage the adsorption towers go through the steps in turn in a cycle: Adsorption, Purge, evacuation, countercurrent pressure equalization rising of the second stage gas, purge gas pressurization, and final pressurization. In the second stage the adsorption towers go through the steps in turn in a cycle: Adsorption, countercurrent pressure equalization falling, and final pressurization.

Abstract: A method for separating CO2 from a gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents using a zeolite sorbent in a swing-adsorption process, producing a high temperature CO2 stream at a higher CO2 pressure than the input gas stream. The method utilizes CO2 desorption in a CO2 atmosphere and effectively integrates heat transfers for optimizes overall efficiency. H2O adsorption does not preclude effective operation of the sorbent. The cycle may be incorporated in an IGCC for efficient pre-combustion CO2 capture. A particular application operates on shifted syngas at a temperature exceeding 200° C. and produces a dry CO2 stream at low temperature and high CO2 pressure, greatly reducing any compression energy requirements which may be subsequently required.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon dioxide by the steps of feeding a CO2-rich feed stream containing fuel gas to an oxygenated oxygen-selective ceramic bed to produce a product stream of carbon dioxide, water, and residual oxygen; adding oxygen to this product stream and feeding to an oxygen-depleted oxygen-selective ceramic bed and recovering carbon dioxide substantially free of oxygen and fuel gas. In an additional embodiment, nitrogen oxides are also removed from the fuel gas.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for treating a waste gas stream containing on or more hydrocarbon contaminants such polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The system, method and apparatus may include a heat treatment chamber having a recycling apparatus that includes a supply of a food oil solvent; a mixing device to mix the solvent with the waste gas stream. The system, method and apparatus dissolve the hydrocarbon contaminants from the gas stream into a solvent containing the food oil.

Abstract: In a method of drying an object, a first drying fluid and a second dry fluid may be first heated to form a gas mixture. The gas mixture may be second heated to prevent the mixed gas from condensing. The second heated gas mixture may be filtered to remove impurities from the second heated mixed gas. The filtered mixed gas may be then applied to the object so as to dry the object.

Abstract: A fuel tank safety system includes an ullage cooling assembly and a system controller. The ullage cooling assembly includes a compressor configured to extract a quantity of ullage gas from the fuel tank, a heat exchanger coupled in flow communication downstream of the compressor, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to receive the quantity of ullage gas from the compressor and reduce a temperature of the ullage gas. The ullage cooling assembly includes a turbine coupled in flow communication downstream of the heat exchanger, wherein the turbine is configured to further reduce the temperature of the ullage gas and facilitate channeling the ullage gas to the fuel tank. The system controller is operatively coupled to the ullage cooling assembly and is configured to transmit to the ullage cooling assembly one of a start signal to activate the ullage cooling assembly or a stop signal to deactivate the ullage cooling assembly.

Abstract: The invention is targeted at the process of separating gas, such as air, from a liquid path. Specifically, the invention provides a means to remove gas from a dynamic liquid path, manage the removed gas and liquid path. The invention provides a means to remove gas from a dynamic liquid path using the buoyant property of gas in a less buoyant liquid, having ingress and egress ports for liquid and gas flow, and separate points of egress for liquid and trapped gas and integral liquid channels.

Abstract: A dissolving apparatus has a cylindrical tubular container closed at both ends with its center axis being inclined to the horizon. A center of an interface between a gas and a liquid in the container is positioned at a center in a lengthwise direction of a side wall of the container. Two inner spaces of the container above and below the interface are referred to as a gas section and a liquid section. An injection inlet for injecting a gas-liquid mixed fluid into the container is provided at a level corresponding to, or lower than, the interface. A liquid outlet for discharging the liquid is provided near a bottom of the liquid section of the container. Since the container is inclined, the interface can have an area large enough to promote dissolution of the gas into the liquid. Since the depth of the liquid in the liquid section is sufficiently deep, the liquid can be prevented from being discharged through the liquid outlet with large gas bubbles being present therein.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating air containing hydrogen sulfide gas, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and other mercaptans in order to reduce odor and corrosion related to wet wells, dry pits, grease traps and the like. The system comprises a first and second stage air treatment system. A vacuum pump in the primary (stage 2) treatment housing vacuums the contaminated air from the source and pumps the air through a set of diffusers into a treatment fluid wherein the air is then passed through a pair of porous plates and upward through a discharge pump and then into the atmosphere. Prior to treating the air in the primary housing, it is treated in a pretreatment dry air filter wherein the air is inlet into the pretreatment (stage 1) housing and then through a microfilter prior to being passed into the primary housing for further treatment.

Abstract: Gas scrubber, with at least one drop separator level which spans a cross section of the gas scrubber, the gas scrubber comprising at least one edge rest and a plurality of carrying beams, spanning the cross section, for the mounting of drop separators which jointly delimit a free flow cross section of the gas scrubber, at least 95% of the free flow cross section being designed with throughflow drop separators. This is achieved preferably in that drop separators are used having a plurality of drop separator lamellae which are arranged at an inclination to one another and are fixed by means of at least two end plates of unequal level or non-parallel.

Abstract: Water-based coating composition comprising at least one resin composition for a water-based coating composition and as a rheological assistant at least one polyamide and at least one acrylate thickener based on poly(meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: An emulsion ink capable of generating a printed image quality having favorable print density and a favorable matte finish. A water-in-oil emulsion ink having an oil phase and a water phase, wherein the ink has a first water phase comprising a colorant and a second water phase comprising no colorant, and the amount (mass) of the first water phase is less than the amount (mass) of the second water phase.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink composition comprising a polymerization initiator, a (meth)acrylate having a double bond with a carbon atom having an sp3 hybrid orbital at an ? position, and a colorant; an ink jet recording method using the ink composition; a planographic printing plate obtained by using the ink composition; and a method for producing the planographic printing plate.

Abstract: A water-based ink for ink-jet recording includes a coloring agent, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent. The coloring agent includes the following dye (1) and dye (2). The water-based ink is good in clearness, color development, and preservation stability as well as good in toughness of a recording material recorded using the water-based ink. Dye (1): dye represented by the following general formula (1) Dye (2): at least one dye selected from the group consisting of C. I. Direct Yellow 86, C. I. Direct Yellow 132, C. I. Direct Yellow 142, and C. I. Direct Yellow 173.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous two-component adhesion promoter compositions and also to their use in methods of adhesive bonding or sealing. Additionally it relates to packaging consisting of the two-component composition and also a pack having two chambers. The two-component adhesion promoter composition is composed of a first component K1 comprising at least one organoalkoxysilane S and at least one anhydrous surfactant T; and of a second component K2 comprising at least water and at least one acid, the acid being present in an amount such that, after components K1 and K2 have been mixed, the resulting mixture is acidic.

Abstract: An SOI substrate has a gettering layer of silicon-germanium (SiGe) with 5-10% Ge, and a thickness of approximately 50-1000 nm. Carbon (C) may be added to SiGe to stabilize the dislocation network. The SOI substrate may be a SIMOX SOI substrate, or a bonded SOI substrate, or a seeded SOI substrate. The gettering layer may disposed under a buried oxide (BOX) layer. The gettering layer may be disposed on a backside of the substrate.

Abstract: Aluminum-plated components of semiconductor material processing apparatuses are disclosed. The components include a substrate and an optional intermediate layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate. The intermediate layer includes at least one surface. An aluminum plating is formed on the substrate, or on the optional intermediate layer. The surface on which the aluminum plating is formed is electrically-conductive. An anodized layer can optionally be formed on the aluminum plating. The aluminum plating or optional the anodized layer comprises a process-exposed surface of the component. Semiconductor material processing apparatuses including one or more aluminum-plated components, methods of processing substrates, and methods of making the aluminum-plated components are also disclosed.

Abstract: A film-forming apparatus of the invention is a film-forming apparatus that includes: a processing container that defines a chamber, a pedestal arranged in the chamber, on which a substrate to be processed can be placed, a showerhead provided opposite to the pedestal, which has a large number of gas-discharging holes, a gas-supplying mechanism that supplies a process gas into the chamber through the showerhead, and a showerhead-temperature controlling unit that controls a temperature of the showerhead.

Abstract: In one aspect, a roll-to-roll substrate transfer apparatus is provided that includes: a feed roll and a take-up roll between which a printed circuit board substrate extends; and a plurality of drive roller rows transmitting motive power to the substrate for moving the substrate in a transferring direction, each drive roller row of the plurality includes a roller axis arranged in a direction perpendicular to the transferring direction of the substrate, and a plurality of spaced-apart drive rollers on the roller axis, wherein drive rollers of one drive roller row are arranged in spaces between drive rollers of adjacent drive roller rows. In other aspects, a wet etching apparatus and an apparatus for manufacturing a printed circuit board that include the roll-to-roll substrate transfer apparatus are provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing an organic material on a substrate, including a source heater for heating organic particles to form suspended organic particles; a transport stream for delivering the suspended organic particles to a discharge nozzle, the discharge nozzle having a plurality of micro-pores, the micro-pores providing a conduit for passage of the suspended organic particles; and a nozzle heater for pulsatingly heating the micro-pores nozzle to discharge the suspended organic particles from the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: The pickling process designed for pickling electrical steel strip in a continuous fashion comprising immersing the strip in at least one pickling tub. The pickling tub contains a mixture of HCl, Fe2+, and Fe3+ and a low concentration of HF. Upon exiting the final pickling tub, the strip may be brushed or scrubbed to loosen any residual scale to form a clean strip.

Abstract: Disclosed are cleaning solvents and cleaning methods for metallic compounds deposited on the equipment that supplies organometallic compounds to the manufacturing tool in the photovoltaic industry or the semiconductor industry. The cleaning solvents and the cleaning methods disclosed not only selectively remove the metallic compound without corroding the equipment, but also improve the ordinary cleaning process. Moreover, the cleaning solvents and the cleaning methods disclosed improve maintenance costs for the supply system because the equipment may be cleaned without being detached from the supply system.

Abstract: A method for growing planar, semi-polar nitride film on a miscut spinel substrate, in which a large area of the planar, semi-polar nitride film is parallel to the substrate's surface. The planar films and substrates are: (1) {10 11} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {100} spinel substrate miscut in specific directions, (2) {10 13 } gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {110} spinel substrate, (3) {11 22} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {1 100} sapphire substrate, and (4) {10 13} gallium nitride (GaN) grown on a {1 100} sapphire substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a permanent magnet having extremely high orientation by arranging such that the crystal fractures of alloy raw meal powder having more equal crystal orientational relationship are combined in magnetic field. In this invention, alloy raw meal powder is filled into a cavity and, while agitating the alloy raw meal powder inside the cavity, is oriented in the magnetic field. This oriented body is then compression molded in the magnetic field into a predetermined shape.

Abstract: An R—Fe—B based rare-earth alloy powder with a mean particle size of less than about 20 ?m is provided and compacted to make a powder compact. Next, the powder compact is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of about 550° C. to less than about 1,000° C. within hydrogen gas, thereby producing hydrogenation and disproportionation reactions (HD processes). Then, the powder compact is subjected to another heat treatment at a temperature of about 550° C. to less than about 1,000° C. within either a vacuum or an inert atmosphere, thereby producing desorption and recombination reactions and obtaining a porous material including fine crystal grains, of which the density is about 60% to about 90% of their true density and which have an average crystal grain size of about 0.01 ?m to about 2 ?m (DR processes). Thereafter, the porous material is subjected to yet another heat treatment at a temperature of about 750° C. to less than about 1,000° C.

Abstract: By causing at least one of Dy and Tb to be adhered to the surface of an iron-boron-rare earth based sintered magnet of a predetermined shape, and is then to be diffused into grain boundary phase, a permanent magnet can be manufactured at high workability and low cost. An iron-boron-rare earth based sintered magnet is disposed in a processing chamber and is heated to a predetermined temperature. Also, an evaporating material made up of a fluoride containing at least one of Dy and Tb disposed in the same or another processing chamber is evaporated, and the evaporated evaporating material is caused to be adhered to the surface of the sintered magnet. The Dy and/or Tb metal atoms of the adhered evaporating material are diffused into the grain particle phase of the sintered magnet before a thin film made of the evaporated material is formed on the surface of the sintered magnet.

Abstract: By eliminating the necessity of a prior step for cleaning a sintered magnet before adhering Dy and/or Tb to the surface of the sintered magnet S, the productivity of a permanent magnet having diffused Dy and/or Tb into grain boundary phase is improved. Iron-boron-rare earth based sintered magnet (S) disposed in a processing chamber (20) is heated to a predetermined temperature. An evaporating material (V) which is made of a hydride containing at least one of Dy and Tb is disposed in the same or in another processing chamber and is evaporated to cause the evaporated evaporating material to the surface of the sintered magnet. Metal atoms of Dy and/or Tb are diffused into grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet.

Abstract: A carbonitriding method that can improve the nitrogen permeating rate to render the carbonitriding process effective is directed to carbonitriding a workpiece formed of steel that contains at least 0.8 mass % of carbon by heating in an atmosphere including ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The method includes an atmosphere control step, and a heating pattern control step. The atmosphere control step includes an undecomposed NH3 partial pressure control step, a CO/CO2 partial pressure control step, and an H2 partial pressure control step. The undecomposed NH3 partial pressure control step, the CO/CO2 partial pressure control step and the H2 partial pressure control step are carried out such that the partial pressure of hydrogen in the heat treatment furnace is at least 0.1 atmospheric pressure and not more than 0.3 atmospheric pressure, and ? defined by the following equation (1) is at least 2.0 and not more than 6.0, in the atmosphere control step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength steel sheet which has a predetermined component composition, structurally has a ferrite matrix structure and bainitic and martensitic second phase structures, and has a ferrite fraction of from 50 to 86 percent by area, a bainite fraction of from 10 to 30 percent by area, and a martensite fraction of from 4 to 20 percent by area, relative to the entire structure, in which the bainite area fraction is larger than the martensite area fraction, the ferrite has an average grain size of 2.0 to 5.0 ?m, and the ratio of the average ferrite hardness (Hv) to the tensile strength (MPa) of the steel sheet is equal to or more than 0.25. The steel sheet excels both in TS-EL balance and TS-? balance at high strengths on the order of 590 to 780 MPa.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel sheet for outer panels and the like of an automobile body, a galvannealed steel sheet using the cold-rolled steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high strength cold-rolled steel sheet, which has superior bake hardenability, aging resistance at room temperature and secondary work embrittlement resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same. The steel sheet has a grain size of ASTM No. of 9 or more after annealing, a BH of 30 MPa or more, an AI of 30 MPa or less, and a tensile strength of 340˜390 MPa through appropriate control of solute elements in steel by addition of a small amount of Ti, addition of Al and Mo, and control of manufacturing conditions, and refinement of crystal grains after annealing.

Abstract: A method for refining the microstructure of titanium alloys in a single thermomechanical processing step, wherein the titanium alloy comprises boron. In some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of first adding boron to the titanium alloy then subjecting the boron-containing titanium alloy to a thermomechanical processing step. Also provided is a method for achieving superplasticity in titanium alloys comprising the steps of selecting a boron-containing titanium alloy, determining the temperature and strain rate necessary to achieve beta superplasticity, and applying sufficient temperature and strain rate to the boron-containing titanium alloy to deform the alloy to the desired shape. Also provided methods of forming titanium alloy parts and the parts prepared by these methods.

Abstract: Niobium cavities are fabricated by the drawing and ironing of as cast niobium ingot slices rather than from cold rolled niobium sheet. This method results in the production of niobium cavities having a minimum of grain boundaries at a significantly reduced cost as compared to the production of such structures from cold rolled sheet.

Abstract: A priming mixture is provided having a primary explosive and an oxidizer system containing bismuth oxide. The priming mixture generally is applicable to any application or device that employs ignition of a propellant or fuel, including, but not limited to, air bag gas generator systems, signaling devices, ejection seats, small or large arms ammunition primers, and the like.

Abstract: A gypsum board comprises a set gypsum layer having a first face and a second face. A fibrous mat is affixed to at least one of the faces. The mat comprises a non-woven web bonded together with a resinous binder. The web is composed of chopped continuous glass fibers having an average fiber diameter ranging from about 9.5 to 12.5 ?m. The board is exceedingly durable. It has a smooth surface that is readily finished in an aesthetically pleasing way, using paint or other wall covering systems.

Abstract: The present invention provide an apparatus for manufacturing a bonded substrate that suppresses a defect in the bonded substrate. When the pressure in a vacuum chamber is at the atmospheric level, upper and lower chuck units respectively attract substrates through vacuum. When the vacuum chamber is depressurized, each chuck unit electrostatically attracts the associated substrate. During the depressurization of the vacuum chamber, the pressure for attracting each substrate to the associated chuck unit is controlled to be equal to the pressure in the vacuum chamber. This prevents each substrate from falling from or moving relative to the associated chuck unit. The first and second substrates are thus bonded together as accurately aligned.

Abstract: A system and a method for continuously manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, which can suppress the occurrence of stripe defects, are provided, and the system includes carrier film feeding means; peeling means for peeling off a sheet piece of a polarizing film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive from a carrier film; take-up means for taking up the carrier film; bonding means for bonding the sheet piece to a liquid crystal panel with the pressure-sensitive adhesive interposed therebetween to form a liquid crystal display device; and speed control means for controlling the take-up means and the bonding means so that the carrier film can be folded back while it is allowed to protrude from the front end of the peeling means toward the bonding means at least at a peeling-off end time when peeling off the sheet piece from the carrier film is completed.