Abstract: A hay rake having a central main frame member with left and right extendable spinner arms so that they swing toward and away from the main frame from a closed position for transportation to an open position for raking hay. Each spinner arm comprises at least one spinner disposed on its outer surface. Each spinner arm is attached to the main frame using a spinner arm knuckle-like joint which allows the spinner arm assemblies to move in both a horizontal and a vertical plane. Hay deflectors are attached under each spinner arm in front of the spinners to prevent wrapping of hay around rotating parts and to assist in moving tile hay toward the entrance of the baler.

Abstract: A high-strength cable having a twisted layer of non-metallic reinforcing elements in outer coatings is disclosed. The reinforcing elements include coating elements, fiber elements of copolyparaphenylene-3,4?-oxydiphenyleneterephthalic amide disposed in the coating elements, and filling materials filled between the fiber elements, respectively. The lateral compression stress of the fiber elements of the copolyparaphenylene-3,4?-oxydiphenyleneterephthalic amide is 75 cN/dtex or more.

Abstract: Systems and methods involving vibration management of gas turbine engines are provided. In this regard, a representative method includes: detecting vibrations of a gas turbine engine; automatically adjusting rotational speed of a component of the gas turbine engine in order to attempt to reduce the vibrations to within predefined vibration limits; and automatically adjusting operating parameters of the gas turbine engine such that, if the vibrations are reduced to within the predefined vibration limits, thrust of the gas turbine engine is set to an amount of thrust corresponding to the amount of thrust provided prior to the adjusting of the rotational speed of the component.

Abstract: A dirt separator may be retrofit into existing gas turbine engines since it is formed of circumferentially separate pieces which may be assembled together in the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: The amount of water to be injected in an intercooler is controlled to cool the compressed gas to the saturation temperature. It is difficult to adjust the amount of the water to be injected, however, since the temperature of the compressed gas at an intercooler outlet is actually higher than the saturation temperature. An intercooling system is configured so as to cool a gas to the saturation temperature without controlling the amount of water injection and thereby maintain the reliability of the compressor while improving the cooling efficiency. The intercooling system is located between a plurality of compression stages of a gas compressor to cool the gas that has been in the compressor. A desired amount of liquid is sprinkled to cool the compressed gas while restraining inflow of the liquid into the compression stages.

Abstract: A cyclonic combustor comprising a combustion liner forming a combustion chamber having a generally cylindrical shape, a biomass feed inlet for receiving biomass particles under pressure, wherein the biomass feed inlet is formed so that the biomass particles are introduced into the ignition zone of the combustion chamber with a tangential component relative to the longitudinal axis of the combustion liner, and a plurality of air tuyeres formed through the combustion liner for receiving compressed air, wherein the plurality of air tuyeres are arranged to introduce the compressed air into the combustion chamber with a tangential component relative to the longitudinal axis of the combustion liner. A direct-fired biomass-fueled pressurized gas turbine system comprising a pressurized feed system, the cyclonic combustor, and a gas turbine. Methods of operating a cyclonic combustor and methods for direct firing a gas turbine.

Abstract: A method for producing the electrical power required for equipment on board an airplane is disclosed. Auxiliary power is taken off by a shaft driven by the high pressure turbine and, when idling, the efficiency of the low pressure turbine is degraded so as to enable the high pressure turbine to operate at a speed that is sufficient for delivering the required auxiliary power.

Abstract: A method and system for thrust vectoring a primary fluid flow from an exhaust nozzle of a jet engine that significantly increases the non-axial force able to be generated by a flight control surface associated with the nozzle. In one implementation the method involves placing a flight control element having a movable portion adjacent a downstream edge of the nozzle. A secondary fluid flow is created adjacent a surface of the flight control element that influences a boundary layer of the primary fluid flow over the flight control element. This causes the primary fluid flow to generate a force that is directed non-parallel (i.e., non-axial) to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle. In one specific implementation a plurality of slots are formed in the flight control surface, and the flight control surface is formed by an airfoil. In another implementation the flight control surface is formed on an interior wall of the nozzle at a downstream edge of the nozzle.

Abstract: A valve system intermediate a secondary flow path and a primary flow path to selectively communicate secondary airflow into the primary gas flow path and control airflow injected from a higher pressure plenum into a lower pressure flowpath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the voltage-controlled performance regulation of the heating of an exhaust-gas probe in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The aim of the invention is to provide a method in which the operating temperature of the probe is achieved in the shortest possible time without damage to the probe. To achieve this, the heating voltage during the heating phase of the probe is rapidly brought up to a high temperature in a start phase in relation to a subsequent phase, or a dramatic leap in temperature is achieved, preferably up to the full operating voltage and the heating voltage is then continuously or quasi-continuously reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust system having a riser adapted to be mounted to the exhaust inlet of a marine engine and a turndown connected to the riser. The riser and turndown define a primary exhaust passage to direct exhaust gases downwardly toward the discharge opening. A secondary passage, a tube, is integrated to the turndown within the primary exhaust passage. An O2 sensor is mounted within the tube. The tube has a diameter that is less than the diameter of the primary exhaust passage. With the diameter being less, the exhaust gases in the secondary passage have a pressure that is greater than in the primary exhaust passage which eliminates or at least reduces the ability for water to enter the secondary passage protecting the O2 sensor from damage.

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing operation of a NOx adsorber catalyst are disclosed. An operating temperature of the catalyst is monitored, and when it exceeds a catalyst desulfation temperature threshold that occurs when the catalyst undergoes a desulfation event, a control circuit determines an oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst as a function of at least an oxygen concentration of exhaust gas exiting the catalyst. The control circuit may further determine the oxygen storage capacity as a function of an oxygen concentration of exhaust gas entering the catalyst. The control circuit may further determine the oxygen storage capacity as a function of a mass flow rate of fresh air entering the internal combustion engine that produces the exhaust gas. The oxygen storage capacity may be mapped to catalyst aging information such as, for example, a remaining useful life of the catalyst.

Abstract: In an exhaust purification system having a urea addition device adding a urea aqueous solution to an NOx catalyst of selective reduction type provided in an exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine, a sensor detecting an ammonia concentration is provided at the downstream side of the NOx catalyst. During fuel cut, a predetermined amount of urea aqueous solution is added. Then, based on a sensor output obtained at this time, an abnormality in at least one of the urea addition device and the urea aqueous solution is detected. The addition of the urea aqueous solution during the fuel cut prevents reactive consumption between urea and NOx. The sensor output corresponding to the amount of the urea aqueous solution is obtained. This output condition is compared with a normal one to allow determination of whether or not an appropriate amount of urea aqueous solution of appropriate quality has been added.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine which can successfully achieve a good balance between reduction of exhaust emission and removal of particulate matter PM. An upstream side three-way catalyst 18 without OSC materials is disposed in an exhaust pipe 14 immediately below an exhaust manifold 12 of an internal combustion engine 10. A particulate filter (PM filter) 20 for trapping the particulate matter PM contained in exhaust gas is disposed at a downstream side of the upstream side three-way catalyst 18. A downstream side three-way catalyst 22 with the OSC materials is disposed at a downstream side of the PM filter 20.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NO, conversion by placing an NH3-SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3-SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap—enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3-SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NOx spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: A treatment control system comprises a monitoring module and an injection control module. The monitoring module monitors an exhaust temperature and an exhaust flow rate in an exhaust system of a vehicle. The injection control module controls injection of a dosing agent into the exhaust system for first and second regeneration events of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selectively injects a predetermined amount of the dosing agent into the exhaust system between the first and second regeneration events when the exhaust temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature and the exhaust flow rate is greater than a predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: An engine arrangement includes an engine, an exhaust line downstream of the engine, an aftertreatment device in the exhaust line, and a conduit between a source of fluid and a point in the exhaust line upstream of the aftertreatment device. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mixing device comprises a circular disc of fin sections positioned so as to create openings in the inner and outer regions of the mixing device that generate oppositely rotating flows of exhaust gas. Each fin section may be identical, and may be created by a stamping process. The smooth surface of each fin section reduces creases, and thus, is less prone to urea buildup.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for controlling a selective catalytic reduction system coupled to an exhaust system of an engine, the selective catalytic reduction system including a catalyst and a diesel particulate filter. One example method comprises, before regeneration of the diesel particulate filter, adjusting an operating parameter to decrease an amount of ammonia stored in the SCR catalyst to a desired amount of stored ammonia, where the desired amount of ammonia storage is varied based on operating conditions, and initiating regeneration of the catalyst when the desired amount of stored ammonia is reached.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a reductant injection apparatus includes an injector attachment portion to which a reductant injector is coupleable. The apparatus also includes a perforated tubular portion coupled to the injector attachment portion. The perforated tubular portion includes an inlet, an outlet, and a diverging sidewall extending from the inlet to the outlet. Additionally, a plurality of perforations is formed in the sidewall. A reductant spray can be injected into the perforated tubular portion via the inlet. Further, a portion of a bulk exhaust gas stream can be diverted into the perforated tubular portion through the plurality of perforations, through the perforated tubular element, and out of the perforated tubular portion through the plurality of perforations. The portion of exhaust gas stream can then be rejoined with the bulk exhaust gas stream downstream of the perforated tubular portion.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system is provided for reducing particulate matter emission and chemical emissions in diesel engine exhaust gas. The system includes a diesel particulate filter including a plurality of diesel particulate filter units configured to engage respective cross-sectional regions of the diesel engine exhaust gas including particulate matter. Each diesel particulate filter unit includes a plurality of channels aligned in a flow direction of the diesel engine exhaust gas. The channels are selectively configured with a distinct cross-sectional area density. Additionally, each diesel particulate filter unit includes a plurality of walls separating adjacent channels of the plurality of channels, where the walls have a respective thickness. A plurality of pores are configured to vacate a distinct ratio of the area of the walls.

Abstract: An exhaust system may include an injector mounted at an exhaust pipe or an engine and additionally injecting fuel, a diesel fuel cracking catalyst mounted at the exhaust pipe downstream of the injector and converting additionally injected fuel into a high-reactivity reducing agent through thermal cracking, a DE-NOx catalyst mounted at the exhaust pipe downstream of the diesel fuel cracking catalyst, storing the nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas, and releasing the stored nitrogen oxide by the additionally injected fuel so as to reduce the nitrogen oxide through oxidation-reduction reaction with the high-reactivity reducing agent, and a control portion controlling an additional injection of fuel according to driving condition of the engine, wherein the control portion may control the injector to additionally inject the fuel according to a predetermined injection pattern in a case that driving condition of the engine satisfies an additional injection condition of the fuel and an additional injection ti

Abstract: In various embodiments, motor-pump efficiency is increased by limiting the fluid pressure communicated to the motor-pump to a range smaller than that communicated by other components of an energy storage and/or recovery system.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes at least one hydraulic circuit with at least one pump, one or more consumer equipment units, at least one HP discharge line comprising at least one bypass, the bypass being located between the pump and the units, at least one return line including at least one bypass, the bypass being located between a tank and the units. The hydraulic system further includes at least one closure element on the at least one HP line between the bypass and the units, and at least one nonreturn valve on the at least one return line between the bypass and the units. The closure element is placed automatically in the closed position when a break of the HP line is detected downstream of the closure element of the HP line.

Abstract: A compressed-air energy storage system according to embodiments of the present invention comprises a reversible mechanism to compress and expand air, one or more compressed air storage tanks, a control system, one or more heat exchangers, and, in certain embodiments of the invention, a motor-generator. The reversible air compressor-expander uses mechanical power to compress air (when it is acting as a compressor) and converts the energy stored in compressed air to mechanical power (when it is acting as an expander). In certain embodiments, the compressor-expander comprises one or more stages, each stage consisting of pressure vessel (the “pressure cell”) partially filled with water or other liquid. In some embodiments, the pressure vessel communicates with one or more cylinder devices to exchange air and liquid with the cylinder chamber(s) thereof. Suitable valving allows air to enter and leave the pressure cell and cylinder device, if present, under electronic control.

Abstract: A circuit having at least one hydraulic motor, two main ducts for feeding or discharging the at least one motor, a low-pressure fluid source, and a high-pressure accumulator forming a high-pressure fluid source. The circuit is suitable for operating in an energy recovery mode in which the feed main duct is connected to the low-pressure fluid source and the discharge main duct is connected to the high-pressure accumulator, and in an energy delivery mode in which the connections are inverted. The low-pressure fluid source has a high-flow-rate booster pump suitable for delivering a flow-rate of fluid that is sufficient to feed fluid to the at least one hydraulic motor while the motor is at maximum speed in energy recovery mode, and an adjustable pressure limiter suitable for being controlled so as to cause the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of the low-pressure fluid source to vary.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a hydraulic machine in a control system when utilizing the hydraulic machine as a pump, in which an electric machine is connected in a driving manner to the hydraulic machine. The method includes detecting at least one operating parameter, determining, based on the detected operating parameter, whether a pressure supplied by the hydraulic machine is to be limited, and controlling the electric machine correspondingly.

Abstract: A hydrostatic assembly includes a pump having a yoke and an associated rotating group. The pump yoke has a bucket portion and an arm portion. At least one fluid passage extends through the pump yoke. The hydrostatic assembly also includes a motor having a yoke and an associated rotating group. The motor yoke also has a bucket portion and an arm portion. At least one fluid passage extends through the motor yoke. The arm portion of the pump yoke and the arm portion of the motor yoke have associated coupling portions for fluidly coupling the pump yoke to the motor yoke so that the at least one fluid passage in the pump yoke is in direct fluid communication with the at least one fluid passage in the motor yoke.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for rapidly and isothermally expanding gas in a cylinder. The cylinder is used in a staged hydraulic-pneumatic energy conversion system and includes a gas chamber (pneumatic side) and a fluid chamber (hydraulic side) and a piston or other mechanism that separates the gas chamber and fluid chamber while allowing the transfer of force/pressure between each opposing chamber. The gas chamber of the cylinder includes ports that are coupled to a heat transfer subassembly that circulates gas from the pneumatic side and exchanges its heat with a counter flow of ambient temperature fluid from a reservoir or other source.

Abstract: A rotary heat engine has a cylindrical engine block containing a rotor with four equally spaced pistons and corresponding cylinders extending radially in the rotor. The pistons are pivotally connected to connecting rods that are in turn connected to a shaft at an inner end of each connecting rod. The engine block has a cover thereon and the block can have heating and cooling locations that create heating and cooling chambers within the rotor, thereby causing the pistons to reciprocate and causing the rotor to rotate within the engine block. The pistons reciprocate within the rotor while the rotor rotates within the engine block.

Abstract: The present invention provides a turbine system which can start a turbine, while controlling thermal stress generated in a turbine rotor and an expansion difference, due to thermal expansion, between a casing and the turbine rotor, to be lower than defined values, respectively. The turbine system (1) according to the present invention includes the turbine (4) having a casing (2) and the turbine rotor (3) rotatably attached to the casing (2), and a main steam pipe (5) connected to an upstream portion of the casing (2). A control valve (6) adapted for controlling a flow rate of steam discharging into the casing (2) is provided with the main steam pipe (5), and a power generator (7) is coupled with the turbine rotor (3). Additionally, a starting control system (10) is adapted for controlling the control valve (6), while obtaining an operational amount of the control valve (6).

Abstract: An ORC system configured to limit temperature of a working fluid below a threshold temperature is provided. The ORC system includes a heat source configured to convey a waste heat fluid. The ORC system also includes a heat exchanger coupled to the heat source. The heat exchanger includes an evaporator configured to receive the waste heat fluid from the heat source and vaporize the working fluid, wherein the evaporator is further configured to allow heat exchange between the waste heat fluid and the vaporized working fluid at an elevated temperature and further produce an evaporator outlet flow including a lower temperature waste heat fluid.

Abstract: A nozzle for a gas turbine combustor includes a first radially outer tube defining a first passage having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet adapted to supply air to a reaction zone of the combustor. A center body is located within the first radially outer tube, the center body including a second radially intermediate tube for supplying fuel to the reaction zone and a third radially inner tube for supplying air to the reaction zone. The second intermediate tube has a first outlet end closed by a first end wall that is formed with a plurality of substantially parallel, axially-oriented air outlet passages for the additional air in the third radially inner tube, each air outlet passage having a respective plurality of associated fuel outlet passages in the first end wall for the fuel in the second radially intermediate tube.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine comprises a housing stem and a nozzle, the nozzle including an internal wall in heat transfer relation with fuel flowing through the nozzle, and an external wall in heat transfer relation with ambient air. The internal and external walls have downstream tip ends that are relatively moveable at an interface due to relative thermal growth during operation of the engine. An internal insulating gap is disposed between the internal and external walls to provide a heat shield for the internal wall, and a bellows internal to the injector has an upstream end sealingly attached to an upstream portion of one of the internal and external walls, and a downstream end sealingly attached to a downstream portion of the other wall to fluidly separate the insulating gap from any fuel entering into the nozzle through the interface.

Abstract: Control systems and a method for controlling a load point of a gas turbine engine are provided. A control system includes a controller that receives a temperature signal and a pressure signal associated with exhaust gases from the gas turbine engine. The controller is further configured to generate the fuel control signal. The controller is further configured to generate an actuator control signal such that flow restriction member is moved from the first operational position to the second operational position to restrict the flow path such that the exhaust gases have a temperature level within a desired turndown temperature range, the pressure level in the exhaust gases is less than a threshold pressure level, and the load point of the gas turbine engine is adjusted to toward a target load point.

Abstract: A method for controlling the generation of turbine cooling air from air extracted from a compressor of a gas turbine including: extracting compressed air from a low pressure and a high pressure stage of the compressor; adding in an ejector the compressed air from the low pressure stage to the air from the high pressure stage and discharging the combined air as turbine cooling air; bypassing the ejector with a bypass portion of the extracted compressed air from the high pressure stage; in response to turning on the flow of extracted compressed air from the low pressure stage, changing a set point for an actual pressure ratio that includes a pressure of the turbine cooling air, and adjusting the bypass flow in response to the changed set point to cause the actual pressure ratio to approach the changed set point.

Abstract: A cryopump includes a thermal shield where a first condensing panel is provided; and a cryocooler connected to the thermal shield; wherein the thermal shield is divided into a plurality of members including a first member and a second member; the first member forms a thermal path between the first condensing panel and the cryocooler; the second member does not form the thermal path; the first member is made of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than a thermal conductivity of a material of the second member; and a material, having a heat capacity smaller than a heat capacity of the first member in a case where the heat capacity of the first member and the heat capacity of the second member are compared with each other under the conditions of the same volumes, is used as the material of the second member.

Abstract: A method for serving beer from a font includes the steps of first chilling a glass for the beer to a temperature of below, at least, ?5° C. and then filling the glass with beer from the font, so that crystals of frozen beer are present in the drink below the head of foam on the beer that is created when the beer is poured.

Abstract: An ice-making device that includes a duct through which ice is dispensed and a duct-covering part for opening and closing the duct. An ice conveying part conveys the ice dispensed through the duct. A driving speed of the ice conveying part increases for a previously set initial driving time when the dispensing of the ice starts, and the ice conveying part is driven at a previously set target speed when the initial driving time elapses.

Abstract: A climatic chamber for rapidly reaching and maintaining a predetermined air humidity and/or a predetermined temperature. The air in a sample space is conveyable by at least one fan from an outlet of sample space at least partially via a bypass branch and/or at least partially via a drying branch back to an inlet of sample space. The air is circulated continuously by the fans in a substantially self-contained circuit. The air is guided by guide elements through the bypass branch and/or drying branch.

Abstract: An appliance system including a module removably mounted to an appliance, one or more removable gas canisters operably connected to the module, and a food retaining enclosed space operably connected to the module. The one or more gas canisters supply a modified atmosphere in the food retaining enclosed space to produce a modified atmosphere that enhances preservation of the food contained in the food retaining enclosed space.

Abstract: An in-door fluid drainage system for a refrigerator is disclosed. The drain fluid transfer system is described as extending from the door of a refrigerator to the lower compartment for transfer of drain fluid from the door to a drain fluid removal system. Also described is a drain fluid transfer system which comprises one or both of a transfer tube at least partially enclosed in a hinge assembly, and a valve assembly positioned at the lower portion of the door.

Abstract: In a thermal control system of the type employing a two phase refrigerant that is first compressed and then is divided into a variable mass flow of refrigerant into a hot pressurized gas form and a differential remainder flow of cooled vapor derived from condensation and then thermal expansion, transitions between different temperature levels are enhanced by incremental variations of the mass flow at different control rates.

Abstract: A refrigerant system is provided with a pulse width modulation valve. A compressor temperature is monitored to prevent potential reliability problems and compressor failures due to an excessive temperature inside the compressor. A control changes the pulse width modulation valve duty cycle rate to maintain temperature within specified limits, while achieving the desired capacity, and complying with design requirements of a conditioned environment, without compromising refrigerant system reliability. As the compressor temperature increases, the pulse width modulation valve duty cycle time is adjusted to ensure that adequate amount of refrigerant is circulated through the compressor to cool the compressor internal components.

Abstract: A fuel-powered engine is provided to drive a mobile air conditioning or refrigeration unit such as a portable chiller, a container refrigeration unit, a portable packaged system, a transport tractor-trailer or truck refrigeration unit, etc. A control rapidly changes the engine speed between the predefined set of discreet engine speeds to precisely adjust the capacity of the refrigerant system. If the engine operates only at a single speed, then the control cycles the engine between this operating speed and a zero speed (the engine is shut off). If the engine can operate at multiple discreet speeds, then the control can cycle the engine between any of these speeds (including a zero speed). When a lower capacity is desirable, the engine operates for a longer time interval at a lower speed, and when a higher capacity is desirable, the engine operates for a longer period of time at a higher speed. The cycle rate is selected to control the comfort (e.g.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle-air-conditioner electric compressor in which a high-voltage short circuit due to the breakage of a high-voltage system including an inverter is prevented in the event of a crash, thereby improving safety. In a vehicle-air-conditioner electric compressor (1) including an inverter accommodating section (10) at the periphery of a pressure-resistant housing (2) in which an electric motor and a compressing mechanism are accommodated, the inverter accommodating section (10) accommodating an inverter (13) that converts direct-current power supplied from a high-voltage power source to three-phase alternating-current power and feeds the power to the electric motor in the pressure-resistant housing (2) through glass-sealed terminals (16), wherein in a vehicle-mounted state, the inverter accommodating section (10) and the inverter (13) are offset to the rear of a vehicle with respect to the front-surface portion (2A), facing the front of the vehicle, of the pressure-resistant housing.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes an air-conditioner casing, an air blower, a cooling heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger, and a bypass passage. An electric motor of the blower has a rotating shaft that extends along a rotating shaft axis. An impeller of the blower suctions air from one side of the impeller along the rotating shaft axis to blow air in a radial direction of the impeller. The bypass passage causes cold air to bypass the heating heat exchanger. The air blower is located downstream of the cooling heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger in a flow direction of air. The cooling heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger are arranged in parallel with each other. The air blower is positioned on an imaginary extension of the heating heat exchanger. The rotating shaft is disposed in parallel with the heating heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling heat generating components including an electronics cooling circuit loop having a liquid heat exchanger separable from a main liquid cooling circuit manifold by quick-disconnect fittings. This supports the use of different liquids in the electronics subsystem cooling circuit loop and in the main liquid manifold of the master cooling circuit. Also included are two phase loops and an optional compressor.

Abstract: An electronic equipment includes a cooling system using boiling and condensation of a refrigerant, especially stabilizes the cooling performance, and reduces the influence which vibration accompanying phase change of boiling and condensation gives to the electronic equipment. Electronic equipment includes a cooling system including a cooling part which cools heat generating from a heat generator such as a heat generating component by using boiling of a refrigerant and is thermally connected to the heat generator such as the heat generating element, a heat radiation part which radiates heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the cooling part by condensation, a refrigerant drive part for delivering the condensed refrigerant to the cooling part again, and piping which fluidly connects them, and the electronic equipment includes preliminary heating means for heating the refrigerant, which flows to the cooling part from the refrigerant drive part, between the refrigerant drive part and the cooling part.

Abstract: A kit is described for use in freezing liquid within a first pipe of a given first diameter and a second pipe of a given second diameter less than the given first diameter. The kit includes a multi-section refrigerant chamber adapted for attachment around a pipe, the chamber having end mounting walls with openings having a diameter greater than the first given diameter; a pair of first adapter plates attachable to the outer faces of the end walls of the chamber sections, the first adapter plates having central pipe receiving openings with a diameter equal to the first given diameter; and a pair of second adapter plates attachable to the outer faces of the end walls of the chamber sections, the second adapter plates having central pipe receiving opening with a diameter equal to the second given diameter. A compressible gasket can be inserted between the chamber sections.