Abstract: A quick-return active material actuator adapted for more rapidly returning a load, so as to reduce the de-actuation time of a system, includes in a first aspect a thermally activated active material actuation element drivenly coupled to the load, an active material de-actuation element drivenly coupled to the load non-antagonistic to the actuation element, and a reconfigurable mechanism interconnecting the elements and load, wherein the de-actuation element and mechanism are cooperatively configured to return the load while the actuation element is still activated, and, in a second aspect a thermally activated active material actuation element drivenly coupled to a biased load and operable to autonomously release, so that the load is caused to be returned while the actuation element is still activated, and subsequently re-engage the load.

Abstract: An electro-thermal actuator device includes a case defining a cavity in which are housed a thermal actuator, an electrical heater and, at least partially, an actuating shaft. The device comprises a multipolar connector for the rapid, secure and reliable coupling to a respective source of electrical power supply for the heater. The connector can be configured as an adapter unit distinct from the case, suitable to transform a traditional electro-thermal actuator device into the actuator device described above.

Abstract: Embodiments for a cooling arrangement are provided. In one example, a cooling arrangement comprises a low-temperature circuit for charge-air cooling of a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, an engine cooling circuit for cooling the internal combustion engine, and a charge-air cooler arranged in the low-temperature circuit and connected in a fluid-conducting manner on a coolant inlet side, via a first valve device, to the low-temperature circuit and to the engine cooling circuit, and on a coolant outlet side, via a second valve device, to the low-temperature circuit and to the engine cooling circuit. In this way, coolant from the engine may heat the charge-air cooler under certain conditions.

Abstract: A gear subassembly is for an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system including an EGR valve and a rotatable shaft provided for the EGR valve. The gear subassembly includes a gear and a cam. The gear is a part of reduction gears and is fastened to the rotatable shaft to rotate therearound. The cam is fastened to the gear and is a part of a link mechanism. The gear includes a metal shaft-fastening part used for fastening the gear to the rotatable shaft, and a metal cam-fastening part used for fastening the gear to the cam. The gear is formed by resin-molding with the shaft-fastening part and the cam-fastening part serving as insert parts.

Abstract: By providing an electrically-controlled turbocharger (ECT) on a compression-ignition (CI) engine, the engine can be provided a desired lambda and a desired EGR fraction over the range of operating conditions. When lambda in the exhaust is leaner than the desired lambda, electrical energy to the electric motor of the ECT is reduced to bring actual lambda to desired lambda. Analogously, when lambda in the exhaust is richer than the desired lambda, electrical energy to the ECT is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turbocharger (1) for an internal combustion engine (2), having at least one low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation line (3) which opens out via an exhaust-gas mixing-in opening (12) into an intake line (10) of the internal combustion engine (2); having a turbine (4) and having a compressor (5) which is drive-connected to the turbine (4) and which has a compressor wheel (6) which is arranged in a compressor housing (7) into which the intake line (10) opens out via a compressor inlet (11), and having a mixing device (18) for mixing recirculated exhaust gas (AG) and fresh air (FL), characterized in that the mixing device (18) has an inflow distributor (21) in which the exhaust-gas recirculation line (3), which extends at least substantially along the longitudinal axis (L) thereof, and the intake line (10), which extends at least substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis (L), open out, and in that, as viewed in the flow direction (R) of the exhaust gases (AG), an im

Abstract: A fresh gas supply device for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger includes a charge air inlet for taking in a compressed charge air flow from the exhaust gas turbocharger; an outlet which is connected to the charge air inlet via a valve section, said valve section being closed in a closed position by at least one flap valve which can be pivoted, preferably, about a flap rotational axis; an adjusting device which is coupled to the at least one flap valve for adjusting the same in the closing direction; and a compressed air inlet for taking in compressed air into the outlet. The compressed air inlet is arranged such that the compressed air is directed into a compressed air flow in the direction of the valve section to the at least one flap valve. A corresponding method for operating the fresh gas supply device is provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns an exhaust-gas power-recovery turbine for a turbo compound system, in particular of a motor vehicle, including: a turbine shaft, which at the first end thereof or in the area of the first end carries a rotor to be impinged by the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, in order to convert exhaust gas energy into drive power; and which at the second end thereof carries a pinion, which is designed to be brought into a driving connection with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, in order to transmit the drive power to the crankshaft. The invention is characterised in that that the turbine shaft is supported in the area of the rotor by means of a radial plain bearing and in the area of the pinion by means of a radial rolling-element bearing.

Abstract: A structure, system, and method for controlling a power output and flue gas temperature of a power plant by adjusting final feedwater temperature are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a turbine having a plurality of valved steam extraction ports is provided. Each steam extraction port is fluidly connected with a feedwater heater. Each of the plurality of valves in the valved steam extraction ports may be opened and closed to the passage of steam therethrough, in order to vary a final feedwater temperature.

Abstract: In various embodiments, foam is compressed to store energy and/or expanded to recover energy.

Abstract: Described herein are gradual oxidation systems that receive and process solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. The system can include a solid fuel gasifier that extracts and cleans gas fuel from a solid fuel. The system can also include a reaction chamber that receives the gas fuel and maintains a gradual oxidation process of the fuel. In some embodiments, liquids containing contaminants can be oxidized within the gradual oxidation chamber. Liquid fuels and gas fuels may be communicated to the oxidation chamber separately or in combination.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to enhance available energy recovery efficiency compared to an exhaust heat recovery method by generation of water vapor. In order to achieve this object, the present invention adopts a configuration including a thermal conduction path (1) which conducts exhaust heat, and a high-boiling-point heat medium vapor generator (2) which generates high-boiling-point heat medium vapor (R2) by heat exchange between the exhaust heat which is conducted through the thermal conduction path (1) and a high-boiling-point heat medium (R1) that has a higher evaporation temperature than water (R3).

Abstract: Described herein are gradual oxidation systems that receive and process solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. The system can include a solid fuel gasifier that extracts and cleans gas fuel from a solid fuel. The system can also include a reaction chamber that receives the gas fuel and maintains a gradual oxidation process of the fuel. In some embodiments, liquids containing contaminants can be oxidized within the gradual oxidation chamber. Liquid fuels and gas fuels may be communicated to the oxidation chamber separately or in combination.

Abstract: In various embodiments, compressed-gas energy storage and recovery systems include a cylinder assembly for compression and/or expansion of gas, a reservoir for storage and/or supply of compressed gas, and a system for thermally conditioning gas within the reservoir.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a burner such as for a secondary combustion chamber of a gas turbine with sequential combustion having a first and a second combustion chamber, with an injection device for introduction of at least one gaseous and/or liquid fuel into the burner. The injection device has at least one body which is arranged in the burner with at least one nozzle for introducing the at least one gaseous fuel into the burner, the at least one body being configured as a streamlined body which has a streamlined cross-sectional profile and which extends with a longitudinal direction perpendicularly or at an inclination to a main flow direction prevailing in the burner. At least one nozzle has its outlet orifice downstream of a trailing edge of the streamlined body.

Abstract: A combustor is provided for a turbine engine. The combustor includes a first liner having a first hot side and a first cold side; a second liner having a second hot side and a second cold side, the second hot side and the first hot side forming a combustion chamber therebetween. The combustion chamber is configured to receive an air-fuel mixture for combustion therein. The combustor further includes an insert having a body portion extending through the first liner and terminating at a tip, the body portion configured to direct air flow into the combustion chamber. The insert further includes a cooling hole defined in the body portion and configured to direct a first portion of the air flow toward the tip as cooling air.

Abstract: Ceramic catalyst carriers that are mechanically, thermally and chemically stable in a ionic salt monopropellant decomposition environment and high temperature catalysts for decomposition of liquid high-energy-density monopropellants are disclosed. The ceramic catalyst carrier has excellent thermal shock resistance, good compatibility with the active metal coating and metal coating deposition processes, melting point above 1800° C., chemical resistance to steam, nitrogen oxides and acids, resistance to sintering to prevent void formation, and the absence of phase transition associated with volumetric changes at temperatures up to and beyond 1800° C.

Abstract: A system for managing fuel temperature in an engine includes a source of hot pressurized air and a turbine for converting hot pressurized air into cool expanded air. The system further includes a fuel tank for storing fuel, a fuel conduit fluidly connected to the fuel tank, and a first heat exchanger located on the fuel conduit. The first heat exchanger places the cool expanded air from the turbine in a heat exchange relationship with the fuel, thereby cooling the fuel.

Abstract: A method of operating a turbine engine including coupling a heating assembly to the turbine engine for selectively heating a compressor casing. A sensor transmits a first monitoring signal indicative of a speed of a rotor assembly to a controller. The controller determines whether the turbine engine is operating in a first operating mode based at least in part on the received first monitoring signal, wherein during the first operating mode a minimum clearance distance is defined between the rotor assembly and the compressor casing. The compressor casing of the turbine engine is heated to increase the clearance distance between the compressor casing and the rotor assembly, if the turbine engine is in the first operating mode.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine combustor, which includes a combustion liner disposed about a combustion region, a flow sleeve disposed about the combustion liner, an air passage between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, and an aerodynamic mounting assembly disposed in the air passage. The aerodynamic mounting assembly is configured to retain the combustion liner within the flow sleeve. The aerodynamic mounting assembly includes a flow sleeve mount coupled to the flow sleeve and a liner stop coupled to the combustion liner. The flow sleeve mount includes a first portion of an aerodynamic shape and the liner stop includes a second portion of the aerodynamic shape, which is configured to direct an airflow into a wake region downstream of the aerodynamic mounting assembly. The flow sleeve mount and the liner stop couple with one another to define the aerodynamic shape.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine combustor, which includes a combustion liner disposed about a combustion region, a flow sleeve disposed about the combustion liner, an air passage between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, and a structure extending between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve. The structure obstructs an airflow path through the air passage. The gas turbine combustor also includes an aerodynamic wake reducer configured to redirect an airflow around the structure to reduce a wake region downstream of the structure.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine combustor, which includes a combustion liner disposed about a combustion region, a flow sleeve disposed about the combustion liner, an air passage between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, and an airflow guide vane disposed in the air passage. The airflow guide vane includes an upstream vane portion and a downstream vane portion. The upstream vane portion is oriented at an angle from an axial axis of the gas turbine combustor. The downstream vane portion is aligned with the axial axis. The airflow guide vane is configured to remove a circumferential swirl of an airflow upstream of the airflow guide vane to straighten the airflow downstream of the airflow guide vane along the axial axis.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine combustor, which includes a combustion liner disposed about a combustion region, a flow sleeve disposed about the combustion liner, an air passage between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, and a structure between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve. The structure obstructs an airflow through the air passage. The gas turbine combustor also includes a wake reducer disposed adjacent the structure. The wake reducer directs a flow into a wake region downstream of the structure.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine combustor, which includes a combustion liner disposed about a combustion region, a flow sleeve disposed about the combustion liner, an air passage between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, a fuel injector disposed downstream of the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, a liner mount extending between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve, and a crossfire tube extending between the combustion liner and the flow sleeve. The fuel injector, the liner mount, and the crossfire tube are aligned with one another in a flow enhancing arrangement along a common axis in an axial direction relative to an axis of the gas turbine combustor. The flow enhancing arrangement reduces an air flow disturbance caused by the fuel injector, the liner mount, and the crossfire tube.

Abstract: A combined flow straightener and mixer is disclosed as well as a burner for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine having such a mixing device. At least two streamlined bodies are arranged in a structure comprising the side walls of the mixer. The leading edge area of each streamlined body has a profile, which is oriented parallel to a main flow direction prevailing at the leading edge position, and with reference to a central plane of the streamlined bodies, the trailing edges are provided with at least two lobes in opposite transverse directions. The periodic deflections forming the lobes from two adjacent streamlined bodies are out of phase.

Abstract: A method of determining an exit temperature of a gas exiting a combustor of a gas turbine includes determining a mass flow and a temperature of fuel being delivered to the combustor; determining a mass flow and a temperature of air being delivered to the combustor, determining a temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of a burnt mixture of the fuel and the air being delivered to the combustor; and determining an exit temperature of the burnt mixture exiting the combustor. The exit temperature is determined based on the determined mass flow and temperature of the fuel, the determined mass flow and temperature of the air, and the determined temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of the burnt mixture.

Abstract: An aircraft compound cooling system includes a power thermal management system for cooling one or more aircraft components, an air cycle system, a vapor cycle system, and a turbine cooling circuit for cooling bleed air and cooling turbine components in a high pressure turbine in the engine. An air to air FLADE duct heat exchanger is disposed in a FLADE duct of the engine and a valving apparatus is operable for selectively switching the FLADE duct heat exchanger between the turbine cooling circuit and the air cycle system. A vapor cycle system includes a vapor cycle system condenser that may be in heat transfer cooling relationship with the air cycle system. An air cycle system heat exchanger and an engine burn fuel to air heat exchanger in the vapor cycle system condenser may be used for cooling a working fluid in a refrigeration loop of the vapor cycle system.

Abstract: A CMC disk for a gas turbine engine includes a CMC hub defined about an axis and a multiple of CMC airfoils integrated with the CMC hub.

Abstract: A turbine exhaust case for a gas turbine engine includes a multiple of CMC turbine exhaust case struts between a CMC core nacelle aft portion and a CMC tail cone.

Abstract: A turbomachine includes a nozzle. The nozzle includes an end portion and an airfoil portion. A diaphragm is mounted to the end portion of the nozzle in a wheel space portion of the turbomachine. The diaphragm includes an external surface and an internal surface. The diaphragm also includes at least one thermocouple well receiving portion formed in one of the external surface and the internal surface. A thermocouple well is mounted in the at least one thermocouple well receiving portion. The thermocouple well includes a first end exposed to the wheel space portion of the turbomachine and a second end exposed at the internal surface of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A combustor (14) is placed next to a turbine (16), on the side opposite a compressor (12). A heat insulation device (20) for reducing the transmission of heat from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side is provided between the combustor/turbine and the compressor. A connection shaft (18) has an axial hole (18a) open on the inlet side of the compressor and axially extending to near a turbine impeller, and also has a radial hole (18b) open near the turbine impeller to the outside of the connection shaft and radially extending to be in communication with the axial hole.

Abstract: Kits for constructing a modular merchandizing unit include panels, frame members, joint pieces, and a cooling device. The frame members have a lengthwise shape defining outer and inner panel mounting assemblies and a joint capture region. The mounting assemblies include opposing legs extending from a base web to define a panel engagement region. The joint pieces each include a block core and orthogonally arranged plug assemblies projecting from faces of the core. The plug assemblies mate with the joint capture region. Construction of a unit from the kit includes the frame members retaining selected panels as paired inner and outer panels within corresponding engagement regions. The joint pieces interconnect the frame members and paired panels to form a cabinet. The cooling device is mounted the cabinet. A door assembly can also be mounted to the cabinet. Optionally, foam insulation is dispensed between the paired panels.

Abstract: A refrigerated point-of-use food holding cabinet keeps food products cold in compartments having cross sections that are substantially U-shaped. Food products are kept refrigerated using heat-absorbing, heat-exchangers thermally coupled to the U-shaped compartment. Refrigeration is provided by either a conventional reversed-Brayton cycle, one or more Peltier devices or a chilled, re-circulating liquid that does not change phase as it circulates but which is chilled by another refrigeration system, such as a conventional refrigeration system. An optional cover helps prevent food flavor transfers between compartments. Semiconductor temperature sensors and a computer effectuate temperature control.

Abstract: A light powered barrier for cooling a substrate includes a thermo-conductive layer for contacting the substrate, a first P-type layer disposed atop the thermo-conductive layer, a first N-type layer disposed over the first P-type layer and a thermoelectrically conductive insert that conducts heat from the thermo-conductive layer and electrically conducts electrons and holes from the first P-type layer and the first N-type layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable personal cryogenic container for carrying materials at low temperatures, and more particularly for carrying cryogenically preserved materials. The cryogenic container can be formed from an external shell assembly having multiple parts, where the parts are interlocked to support an inner container. An elongate receptacle holding preserved materials may be supported in the inner container alongside cryogenic fluids for maintaining cryopreserved materials.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for cooling a switchgear is provided. The switchgear has one or more primary contacts supported by a bushing and constructed and arranged to connect to a terminal of a circuit breaker. The cooling apparatus includes at least one evaporator associated with each primary contact, a condenser apparatus located at a higher elevation than the at least one evaporator, fluid conduit structure connecting the at least one evaporator with the condenser apparatus, and electrically insulating working fluid in at least one evaporator so as to be heated to a vapor state, with the fluid conduit structure being constructed and arranged to transfer the vapor to the condenser apparatus and to passively return condensed working fluid back to the at least one evaporator.

Abstract: In a method for servicing an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, surrounding areas in which there is a risk of leakage of inflammable coolant is ventilated such that air in the surrounding areas is suctioned out and discharged from the surrounding areas.

Abstract: A supersonic cooling system operates by pumping fluid. A geometric element may be situated in a fluid flow path to modify the fluid flow. Because the supersonic cooling system pumps fluid, the cooling system does not require the use of a condenser. The cooling system utilizes a compression wave to facilitate a phase change utilized in a cooling effect. An evaporator operates in the critical flow regime in which the pressure in one or more evaporator nozzles will remain almost constant and then ‘shock up’ to the ambient pressure.

Abstract: A forced cooling circulation system for drilling mud, which includes a refrigeration unit (1), a secondary refrigerant tank (4), a coaxial convection heat exchanger (12) for mud and a mud pond (17), is disclosed. The refrigeration unit (1) is in connection with the secondary refrigerant tank (4) and the coaxial convection heat exchanger (12) for mud via a pump (2), and the coaxial convection heat exchanger (12) for mud is in connection with the mud pond (17) via a pump (15) and pipelines. Heat exchange tubes of the coaxial convection heat exchanger (12) for mud are disposed as a double-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the inner heat exchange tubes (23) are mounted inside of the outer heat exchange tubes (25). The secondary refrigerant or the mud is circulated in the annular space between the inner heat exchange tubes (23) and the outer heat exchange tubes (25), and the mud or the secondary refrigerant is circulated in the inner tubes (23).

Abstract: An automatic icemaker includes a swing arm, an actuator swinging the swing arm, and a transmission section transmitting movement of the actuator to the swing arm. The transmission section includes a cam rotated by the actuator, a pivotally movable lever including an abutting portion abutting the cam and pivotally moved by the rotation of the cam, and a joint member to transmit the movement of the pivotally movable lever to the swing arm. As the swing arm, one of the first, second, and third swing arms is selected and provided. As the joint member, one of the first, second, and third joint members which corresponds to the selected one of the first, second, and third swing arms is selected and provided. At different positions on a board which extends in a vertical direction, the first, second, and third supporting portions support the first, second, and third joint members, respectively.

Abstract: To provide an air-conditioning apparatus capable of achieving energy saving. In an air-conditioning apparatus, a first housing (an outdoor unit) that accommodates a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger; a second housing (a heat medium relay unit) that accommodates a heat exchanger related to heat medium, an expansion device, and a pump; a third housing (a heat medium regulating unit) that accommodates a first heat medium flow switching device, a second heat medium flow switching device, and a heat medium flow control device; and a fourth housing (indoor unit) that accommodates a use side heat exchanger have separately different casings.

Abstract: In the invention, control of the expansion device is carried out based on the temperature difference between the refrigerant temperature of the first representative point that becomes a predetermined enthalpy under the refrigerant pressure of the gas cooler and the detection temperature of the outlet temperature sensor, and control of the rotation speed of the compressor and/or the rotation speed of the heat medium sending device is/are carried out based on the second representative point that is, under the refrigerant pressure of the gas cooler, a temperature different from the first representative point.

Abstract: A cooling system of a battery which efficiently cools a high voltage battery which is mounted in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle so as to maintain battery performance by using a refrigeration cycle of an air-conditioning system, which is provided with an electric compressor, outside heat exchanger, inside heat exchanger, and a control device. A refrigerant path of the air-conditioning system for running refrigerant is provided with a branch path having a heat exchanger which bypasses the inside heat exchanger, a medium path connected to the heat exchanger runs another refrigerant for cooling the battery, control valves are provided which adjust the amounts of the refrigerant which flows to the refrigerant path and the branch path, and, when the control valves run the refrigerant to both the refrigerant path and the branch path, the control device increases the speed of the electric compressor.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a refrigerant circuit and a controller. In a heating operation, the usage-side expansion valve is controlled so that a degree of subcooling of outlet refrigerant of the usage-side heat exchanger is equal to a predetermined target degree of subcooling. In a refrigerant recovery control, the heat-source-side expansion valve is controlled so that a degree of superheat of outlet refrigerant of the heat-source-side heat exchanger is equal to a predetermined target degree of superheat, the predetermined target degree of superheat is changed so that the outlet refrigerant of the heat-source-side heat exchanger is wet when the usage-side expansion valve is opened greater than a predetermined opening degree at a start of refrigerant recovery, and change in the predetermined target degree of superheat is cancelled when the usage-side expansion valve is closed smaller than a predetermined opening degree at an end of refrigerant recovery.

Abstract: A cooling unit and cooling method are provided for a container-type data center. The cooling unit includes a heat rejection unit, for rejecting heat from coolant passing through a coolant loop to air passing across the heat rejection unit, and a refrigeration unit controllable to selectively provide auxiliary cooling to at least a portion of the coolant passing through the coolant loop. The heat rejection unit includes a heat exchange assembly, having a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and one or more air-moving devices providing airflow across the first and second heat exchangers. The first heat exchanger couples in fluid communication with the coolant loop, and the second heat exchanger is coupled in fluid communication with a refrigeration loop of the refrigeration unit for rejecting heat from refrigerant passing through the refrigeration loop to the airflow passing across the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, and a usage-side heat exchanger capable of heating an aqueous medium. An aqueous medium circuit includes a circulation pump and the usage-side heat exchanger, and is connected to aqueous medium devices. An auxiliary heat source is provided at an outlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger in the aqueous medium circuit to further heat the aqueous medium. A heating capability computation unit computes a heating capability of the aqueous medium devices based on an operating state quantity of constituent devices or refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit. A circulation flow rate computation unit computes a circulation flow rate of the aqueous medium based on an outlet/inlet temperature difference and the heating capability. A prediction unit predicts an outlet temperature of the aqueous medium in the auxiliary heat source based on the circulation flow rate and heat source capability information.

Abstract: In an aspect, a thermal management system for an electric vehicle is provided. The thermal management system includes a battery circuit that transports coolant for cooling a thermal load that includes at least one traction battery, a refrigerant circuit that includes a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The thermal management system further includes an internal heat exchanger through which both refrigerant and coolant flow so as to cool the coolant in the battery circuit. Optionally, the thermal management system may further include a chiller. In this optional case the internal heat exchanger may be used to pre-cool the coolant upstream from the chiller. Alternatively the internal heat exchanger may be used to cool the coolant so as to delay initiating operation of the chiller.

Abstract: A freezer chest with a housing (2), of which the trough-shaped and multi-part inner housing (3) has a refrigeration space (6) for products to be refrigerated, in particular frozen, with at least one device (8) for acting thermally upon the refrigeration space (6), the device (8) acting thermally upon the refrigeration space (6) at least partially via at least one side wall (3?) of the inner housing (3), and with a channel (12), provided in the refrigeration space (6), for the capture of possible dew water and/or condensation water (13) from the thermally acted-upon side wall (3?), is shown. In order to provide the freezer chest with an increased service life, it is proposed that the inner housing (3) have a one-piece trough part (15) forming the channel (12).

Abstract: A modular heating and cooling unit comprising an independent set of headers for each of the heating a cooling loads and the source. A bank of these modular units provides a system that is capable of incremental simultaneous heating and cooling and redundancy. Valves in the internal piping of the unit eliminate the need for valves in the headers between units. This substantially reduces the overall footprint of the unit. Because of the parallel flow between the heat exchangers and the heating and cooling load, the modules can be operated in cooling mode and heating mode in any order.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes refrigerating cycle systems each connecting a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a refrigerant flow path switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger for exchanging heat for the refrigerant, an expansion device for adjusting the pressure of the refrigerant, and heat exchangers related to heat medium which exchanges heat between the refrigerant and heat medium different from the refrigerant, by piping so as to constitute refrigerant circuits; and heat medium side systems each connecting pumps for circulating the heat medium for the heat exchangers related to heat medium, use side heat exchangers for exchange heat between the heat medium and air of an air-conditioning target space and heat medium flow switching systems for switching the heat medium which passes through each heat exchangers related to heat medium to each use side heat exchanger, by piping so as to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit.