Abstract: Provided are an optical disc discrimination method, an optical disc device and an integrated circuit that enable to accurately discriminate the type of an optical disc. The optical disc discrimination method comprises a first seeking step (S3) of performing a seek operation to a predetermined reference address in a user data area; a second seeking step (S5) of performing a seek operation from the reference address sought in the first seeking step (S3) to a predetermined target address in a physical information area, an address reading step (S7) of reading a current address at a position sought in the second seeking step (S5), and an optical disc type determination step (S8 through S10) of determining the type of the optical disc loaded in the optical disc device, based on the current address read in the address reading step (S7).

Abstract: This invention provides an optical disc drive with more accurate and stable power control for a laser light source. An optical disc drive in an embodiment of this invention includes a monitor photodetector for receiving laser light emitted by a laser light source to monitor the laser light power. The monitor diode is a photodetector for generating an electric signal corresponding to the laser light power. A laser light controller controls drive current to the laser light source based on a result of measurement by the monitor diode. The optical disc drive measures output variations of the monitor diode and controls the gain of the monitor diode based on the result of the measurement. This gain control improves accuracy and stability in laser light control so that stability in recording/reading can be attained.

Abstract: A method for inspecting an optical information storage medium includes the steps of: irradiating the storage medium with a laser beam and rotating the medium by a constant linear velocity control technique by reference to the radial location at which the laser beam forms a spot on the medium; changing the rotational velocities according to the radial location on the medium between at least two linear velocities that include a first linear velocity Lv1 and a second linear velocity Lv2 higher than the first linear velocity Lv1; generating a focus error signal and/or a tracking error signal based on the light reflected from the medium; performing a focus control and/or a tracking control on the laser beam that irradiates the medium based on the focus and/or tracking error signal(s); and passing the branched outputs of control loops for the focus and/or tracking error signal(s) through predetermined types of frequency band-elimination filters for the focus and/or tracking error signal(s) to obtain residual errors

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a laser driving apparatus, including: a driving unit adapted to current drive a laser device with a current value in accordance with a level of a signal supplied thereto; and an emission light waveform correction unit adapted to receive supply of a pulsed reference signal and generate, based on a correction timing pulse interlocked with a rising edge and/or a falling edge of a pulse, a correction signal having a level different from that of the reference signal and then supply the correction signal to the driving unit so that the shape of the emission light waveform of the laser device becomes close to that of a rectangular wave.

Abstract: A method of generating a memory disc in an optical disc drive is provided. A request for a change of an optical disc inserted in the optical disc drive into a memory disc is confirmed by detecting if a button included in the optical disc drive is operated. When the request is confirmed, the format of the optical disc may be changed. When an eject button is pushed in a predetermined pattern, for example, when the eject button is pushed for longer than a first reference time or pushed more than twice within a second reference time, the optical disc is initialized into a blank disc, file system data corresponding to the memory disc is recorded in a specific region of the blank disc according to ISO image generating program stored in a non-volatile memory included in the optical disc drive, and the blank disc is formatted.

Abstract: A master disk exposing apparatus having: a turntable for rotating a master disk; moving means for horizontally moving the turntable in at least one direction; beam irradiating means for irradiating an electron beam toward the turntable, thereby forming a beam spot onto the turntable or the master disk; beam deflecting means for deflecting the beam; and control means for controlling the moving means, the beam irradiating means, and the beam deflecting means, wherein the control means includes initializing means for executing an initial operation to drive at least either the moving means or the beam deflecting means and make an origin of the beam spot coincide with a rotational center of the turntable at the time of activation. An apparatus and a method for easily adjusting a deviation between an origin of an irradiating position of the recording beam and the rotational center of the turntable are, thus, provided.

Abstract: In case of reproducing a hologram recorded on an optical information recording medium, adjusting beam with the amplitude distribution and phase distribution at least partially the same as those of a signal beam upon recording is radiated to the optical information recording medium which records information. The diffracting beam diffracted by the hologram is detected by a photodetector. Based on the detected information, an incident angle of the reference beam to the optical information recording medium is appropriately controlled.

Abstract: A polymerizable compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein A is a hydrogen atom or a group selected from the following formulae (2) to (5): VwH(3-W)C—??(2) PhxY(3-x)Si—??(3) J-(CH2)m1—CHl(CH3)(2-l)—??(4) J-(CH2)n1—SiPhp1(CH3)(2-p1)—??(5); B is a group selected from the following formulae (6) and (7): J-(CH2)m2—CHk(CH3)(2-k)—??(6) J-(CH2)n2—SiPhp2(CH3)(2-p2)—??(7).

Abstract: A method for recording information which cannot be easily copied on a BCA is provided so as to prevent pirated copies from being made. The BCA recording device for optical discs records, on the BCA on an optical disc, identifying information unique to the optical disc. The BCA recording device is provided with: a BCA data generating section which generates BCA mark signals and BCA code signals which indicate the identifying information; a BCA mark generating section which, based on the BCA mark signals, generates BCA marks by recording marks on the recording film in the BCA on the optical disc, thereby partially changing the reflectance of the recording film; and a BCA code generating section which, based on the BCA code signals, generates BCA codes by partially removing the recording film on the BCA.

Abstract: In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Abstract: In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Abstract: When transmitting data from a transmission unit to a reception unit over a channel in a wireless communication system, it has been observed that there are inherent losses in throughput, especially for a channel experiencing high channel quality variations over its frequency range. To improve the throughput over such a channel, it is proposed to: estimate the quality of each subchannel of a channel. classify the subchannels into a number of quality groups based on the estimated quality, and select a code rate per quality group. This selected code rate per quality group is then used when a data word to be transmitted is coded. Simulations have shown that by grouping the subchannels into a limited number of groups, for example one to four groups depending on the channel quality variation, a high throughput could be achieved with a minimum of signaling cost in the form of extra overhead.

Abstract: To provide an orthogonal frequency division multiplex modem circuit which can multiplex signals, whose bit rates and QoS are different from one another, and can transmit the signals via one OFDM line. A serial/parallel converter converts input signals into a complex parallel signal respectively, and a sub carrier and a modulation system are assigned every communication channel. A randomizer changes the alignment sequence of the signal, a discrete inverse Fourier transformer processes the signal, a parallel/serial converter converts the signal into a serial signal, and a transmitter performs the orthogonal modulation of the signal to output the signal from an antenna. A receiver performs orthogonal demodulation of the signal received with an antenna, a serial/parallel converter converts the signal into a parallel signal, and a discrete Fourier transformer processes the parallel signal.

Abstract: An approach is provided for fault detection and notification for a composite transport group (CTG). A component link of a CTG associated with a label switched path (LSP) is monitored. A fault is detected in the component link. It is determined whether traffic of the LSP can be transparently rerouted to another component link of the CTG based on resource availability of the other component link. The traffic is transparently rerouted to the other component link if resources are available. An upstream label switched node is notified if resources are unavailable.

Abstract: A packet transmission method for a WPAN that for alleviating traffic concentration in an active period and improving network throughput by controlling packet transmission timing in the active period. A packet transmission method for a wireless personal area network including a coordinator operating with a specific duty cycle and a plurality of devices includes determining, when a packet is generated, whether there is another packet waiting to be sent; determining, if there is no other packet waiting to be sent, whether the network is in an inactive period; setting, when network is in an inactive period, a backoff time; and sending the packet when the backoff time has expired. The packet transmission method controls an initial backoff value adaptively to a duty cycle of the network.

Abstract: A network connection control system is provided with: a relay device that relays communication in a communication network; and a communication terminal that performs communication via the relay device. The relay device has a network information transmission section, which is information about the communication network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes storing in a QoS-enabled communication system a data structure that has a multi-level hierarchy including a physical level, a logical level, and a class level; receiving a first request for M number of services provided by the QoS-enabled communication system; in response to the first request, modifying an allocation of the logical-level nodes by mapping M class-level nodes to a first one of the logical-level nodes according to a first mapping mode of the data structure; receiving a second request for P services provided by the QoS-enabled communication system, with P being greater than M; and, in response to the second request, modifying an allocation of the logical-level nodes by mapping P class-level nodes to a second one of the logical-level nodes according to a second mapping mode of the data structure.

Abstract: A system selectively drops data from queues. The system includes a drop table that stores drop probabilities. The system selects one of the queues to examine and generates an index into the drop table to identify one of the drop probabilities for the examined queue. The system then determines whether to drop data from the examined queue based on the identified drop probability.

Abstract: A method of introducing frequency selectivity into transmissions in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing network is provided. The method includes generating a symbol. A plurality of delayed symbols are generated based on the symbol. The delayed symbols are transmitted from multiple transmit antennas. The symbol delay values may be different for different users depending upon the users' channel characteristics.

Abstract: An improved network flow sampling apparatus and corresponding method more intelligently selects flows to be reported beyond random flow or packet sampling intervals. Evaluation of flows selects top talkers or heavy hitters as important flows that most impact traffic and therefore should be reported. Top talkers are flows defined based on a customized definition according to, for example, number of packets in a flow, number of bytes in a flow, or bandwidth consumed by a flow. An external collector can thus proceed with traffic profiling or other flow monitoring purposes with a more intelligently determined network flow sample.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing communications network congestion are provided. In an embodiment, the system includes a radio access network (RAN) interface configured to receive RAN congestion indicators, a congestion correlator module configured to correlate RAN congestion indicators to service congestion indicators, a database comprising a set of congestion based policy rules, a policy controller module configured to apply the congestion-based policy rules to achieve a policy decision, and a policy enforcement control point interface configured to transmit network control instructions to enforce the policy decisions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control traffic in a packet-switched network are disclosed. An example circuit manager comprises a probe interface to collect data representative of actual utilization of a network, a usage analyzer to estimate a utilization of the network for a future time interval based on the collected data, and a rebalancer to detect a trigger event based on the estimated utilization, and to automatically identify a future virtual circuit path through the network for the future time interval based on the estimated utilization when the trigger event is detected; wherein the probe interface, the usage analyzer and the rebalancer operate repetitively to route data in the network in response to actual data transmissions.

Abstract: Techniques and technologies for routing communications based on Quality of Service (QOS) related information. More particularly, this document discloses techniques and technologies for selecting communications paths which partially overlap other communication paths for which QOS related information has been measured. The techniques and technologies include determining, performance levels for path segments within the communication paths from the measured QOS information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating a routing metric for a wireless network including retrieving configured system parameters, selecting a form of a first weight factor based on channel load/utilization and parameters of the first weight factor, selecting a form of a second weight factor based on frame/packet error rate and parameters of the second weight factor, retrieving estimated link bit rate, measuring a channel/link busy time, estimating a channel/link load, estimating a packet/frame error rate of the link and calculating the metric are described. A method and system for determining a route/path between two nodes of a wireless network including calculating a weighted radio and load aware metric by each node in the wireless network, storing the metric and using the metric to select the route/path for communication between two nodes of the wireless network based on a sum of the metrics calculated by each node of the wireless network are also described.

Abstract: This invention is a method of wireless communication having a communications protocol providing more downlink subframes than uplink subframes. The user equipment transmits a combination of a plurality of ACK/NAK response signals and related data. The related data could be the number of bits N of the plurality of ACK/NAK response signals or the number of detected downlink communications grants S requiring ACK/NAK response signals. This related data could be a cyclical redundancy check set of bits which may be scrambled upon the numbers N or S. Similar selections are feasible with resource elements or an index of a modulation symbol or codeword.

Abstract: Machine-readable media, methods, apparatus and system for determining a route metric are described. In some embodiments, a characteristic of a packet to be sent from a node to another node is analyzed. The characteristic of the packet may indicate at least one of a group consisting whether the packet is transmission quality sensitive and whether the packet is transmission throughput sensitive. Then, a weight relationship between a packet loss rate and a data rate may be determined, in which the weight relationship may vary with the characteristic of the packet. A route metric for a route from the node to the another node may be determined based upon the packet loss rate, the data rate and the weight relationship.

Abstract: Refining beamforming techniques for use in a communication system. In one embodiment, a method for beamforming in a communication system includes generating multiple training signals to be transmitted via multiple antennas over a communication channel, including applying a different antenna weight vector (AWV) to each of the multiple training signals. The method further includes receiving feedback generated using the multiple training signals, where the feedback includes a transmitter AWV for use with the multiple antennas and/or channel state information (CSI) descriptive of the communication channel.

Abstract: A base station apparatus includes a measurement unit, a scheduling unit, and a transmission unit. The measurement unit measures received quality of a reference signal. The scheduling unit provides scheduling information indicating allocation of a radio resource in uplink. The transmission unit transmits a control signal including the scheduling information. After a first packet is transmitted using a first frequency band, a retransmission packet of the first packet is transmitted using a second frequency band other than the first frequency band. The control signal further includes information indicating a difference between received quality in the first frequency band and that in the second frequency band. The retransmission packet is transmitted at a transmission power level determined by adding a transmission power level of the first packet to that corresponding to the difference.

Abstract: A method for processing a Buffer Status Report (BSR) is provided, which includes: acquiring service data with a higher priority than all service data waiting to be sent in a sending buffer; and prohibiting a sending process of the BSR from being triggered, if scheduling resources are available. An apparatus for processing a BSR is further provided.

Abstract: Embodiments provide techniques for the transmission of broadcasts. For instance, an apparatus may include a sequence selection module, and multiple radiating elements. The sequence selection module selects sequences of directional transmission patterns, where each selected sequence corresponds to a time period. The multiple radiating elements wirelessly transmit a broadcast at the time periods in accordance with the selected sequences. The broadcast may include, for example, beacons, and/or a data broadcast, and/or a control broadcast and/or a management broadcast.

Abstract: A method includes receiving configuration data for configuring network devices; generating remote procedure calls (RPCs) for configuring the network devices, which include provisioning and reverse provisioning RPCs, where each reverse provisioning RPC reverse provisions a particular pseudowire; providing to the network devices the provisioning RPCs; determining a success with respect to each of the provisioning RPCs, where the success indicates that all endpoints of a pseudowire have been successfully configured; providing the reverse provisioning RPCs to the network devices, when it is determined that the success has not been achieved; and storing an indication of success when it is determined that the success has been achieved with respect to the provisioning RPCs.

Abstract: Techniques are provided herein to add multicast media streams to teleconferencing sessions without the unwanted side effects that occur when a speaker's own media is echoed back to the speaker. Multicast and unicast media streams are generated by a network device, e.g., a conference bridge, and distributed to any number of endpoints, e.g., conference endpoints. A media selector is provided that selects the appropriate multicast or unicast media stream for forwarding to an associated network endpoint.

Abstract: A device whose location is to be determined (target device) generates a plurality of frames (messages) and time of departure (TOD) timestamp information indicating when the target device transmits the plurality of frames in a sequence or burst. The target device transmits the plurality of frames and the TOD information, wherein the plurality of frames are transmitted such that at least two of the frames are on different radio frequency (RF) channels. Within a sequence or burst (or across multiple sequences or bursts), multiple widely spaced transmissions on the same channel are included to allow for estimation of the crystal frequency offset of the transmitting device. The TOD information included in the transmitted packets allows devices that receive the packets not to change their channels of operation solely for the purpose of receiving packets from the device to be located.

Abstract: A system and method for registering network information strings. An information string server device receives a request to register a network information string from a computing device. The network information string may be included in a message broadcast by a string broadcast station. The information string server device determines whether the network information string has been previously registered with the information string server device. The information string server device stores the network information string in a record of an information string datastore when the network information string has not been previously registered with the information string server device. A registration acceptance message may be sent by the information string server device to the computing device when the network information string has not been previously registered with the information string server device.

Abstract: Proxy devices simultaneously support multiple modes of client device operation. Embodiments facilitate continued support of idle mode, proxy state operation of one or more client devices by a proxy device that is serving an active connected mode proxied client device. Paging message delivery from the proxy device to an idle mode proxied client device is facilitated by the proxy device monitoring a channel associated with the active connected mode proxied client device for a message (e.g., paging message) associated with the idle mode proxied client device.

Abstract: Techniques for mitigating interference in a wireless network are described. In an aspect, interference on overhead channels may be mitigated by (i) sending the overhead channels from different base stations in non-overlapping time intervals and (ii) having each interfering base station reduce its transmit power during time intervals in which the overhead channels are sent by neighbor base stations. In one design, a first base station may send an overhead channel in a first time interval, and a second base station may send the overhead channel in a second time interval that is non-overlapping with the first time interval. The base stations may have different frame timing, which may be offset by an integer number of subframes and/or an integer number of symbol periods. Alternatively, the base stations may have the same frame timing, and the first and second time intervals may cover non-overlapping symbol periods with different indices.

Abstract: A virtual node ID control unit controls a virtual node ID that specifies a plurality of nodes as a single group. A status control unit controls node statuses that include information indicating the operating statuses of each individual node belonging to the group, and selects an operating mode that is either a priority mode. The local mode operates as an active node, or a standby mode, and the local mode operates as a standby node. A transmission/reception control unit controls the operation of the local node in accordance with the operating mode selected by the status control unit.

Abstract: A user terminal (MS) is in wireless communication with a relay station (Access RS), the relay station being in communication with a super-ordinate station such as a base station (MR-BS) such that the user terminal can perform either single-hop communication with the access relay station or multi-hop communication with the super-ordinate station. The system defines at least one specific signal to be used in a bandwidth request for multi-hop and/or single hop communication. When the user terminal needs bandwidth, it issues a bandwidth request to the relay station indicating a single hop or multi-hop communication by including or not including the specific signal. The relay station decides whether or not to issue its own bandwidth request to the super-ordinate station based on the presence or absence of the specific signal.

Abstract: A terminal device, used in communication system conducting communication by periodically switching frequency channels in a predefined sequence, communicates with a control device using a predefined channel.

Abstract: Starting up and synchronizing multiple access points in a wireline communications circuit using transceivers compatible with a wireless communications protocol with an adaptive Time Division Multiple Access scheme for a multi-channel medium with colocated transceivers. Synchronization readiness is asserted and the access points wait for a synchronization start signal's assertion. Methods of operating an access point, its implementation as a chip are further disclosed. An access point assembly including the access points and a synchronization circuit are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and UE providing wireless communication services, and a method of transmitting and receiving data between a terminal and a base station in an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that has evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system, and more particularly, to a method of releasing an access restriction at high interference cell, such that an effect of the interference can be minimized.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a method for transmitting and receiving digital broadcast signal are disclosed. The method of transmitting digital broadcast signal includes convolutional encoding mobile data to build SCCC blocks, generating signaling data, forming a first data group and a second data group which includes mobile service data and the signaling data, interleaving data including the mobile service data in the first and second data groups and outputting a interleaved first data group and an interleaved second data group, wherein at least one of the SCCC blocks include an extension data block from the interleaved first data group and a data block from the interleaved second data group, transmitting the digital broadcasting signal including the first data group and the second data group.

Abstract: A method of providing a packetized data transmission service to a mobile terminal in a spread spectrum communication network, includes: at a transmitter, broadcasting an indication message to a cell on a downlink broadcast channel, the indication message providing notification of an available packetized data transmission service intended for the mobile terminal; at the mobile terminal, monitoring the broadcast channel for the indication message, and upon receipt, acknowledging detection of the indication message to the transmitter on an uplink contention channel; and at the transmitter, upon contention completion, transmitting packetized data transmission service configuration information to the mobile terminal on the broadcast channel.

Abstract: A wireless base station for allocating a wireless bandwidth to a wireless terminal based on a bandwidth request from the wireless terminal. The wireless base station includes a receiving part configured to receive a target data transmitted in the allocated wireless bandwidth from the wireless terminal, the target data including one or more user packets on which a combining process or a dividing process is performed and data regarding the combining process or the dividing process and an updating part configured to increase or reduce the total quantity of the allocated wireless bandwidth.

Abstract: A method of efficiently allocating a resource to a mobile station to support a real time service in a radio access system is provided. The method includes grouping one or more mobile stations and allocating a group resource area for transmitting bandwidth request information for transmitting real time service data of the grouped one or more mobile stations, and allocating respective individual resource areas of the one or more mobile stations included in the group resource area. Since the method of grouping the mobile service and efficiently allocating an uplink resource are provided, it is possible to reduce message overhead and efficiently use the resource.

Abstract: A call routing system for use with a wireless telephone systems is disclosed. The system, which monitors the subscriber's current physical location, determines the device to which a call should be terminated, and routes the call. The device can be any IP telephone, including a cable television system adapted to IP telephony. The system routes calls without direct subscriber actions, without a second telephone number, regardless of the time of day and day of week. Various options can also apply to a call, determined by subscriber-established preferences, when specified criteria are met, or calls can be limited to/from specified telephone numbers. The system and method uses signaling techniques that will allow routing of the call, along with any authorization or restrictions, to be done remotely from the actual switching for the call. Call events are transmitted to the call routing system while the communications path of the call is held at the switching system awaiting call routing information.

Abstract: A mobile station receives a neighbor list from a base station in an area of a public wireless network that borders a private wireless network. The neighbor list includes encrypted channel identifiers corresponding to private network channels transmitted by the private wireless network and unencrypted channel identifiers corresponding to public network channels transmitted by the public wireless network. If the mobile station does not subscribe to the private wireless network, the mobile station does not recognize the encrypted channel identifiers and simply ignores them. However, if the mobile station subscribes to the private wireless network, the mobile station decrypts the encrypted channel identifiers and determines whether it is able to initiate a handoff to any of the corresponding private network channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus reports packet data control protocol (PDCP) status and PDCP resets in a wireless communication, using control PDUs that may have security protection applied by ciphering of the control PDUs. Reliability of the PDCP status and reset messages may be assured by acknowledgment according to an acknowledged mode or to an unacknowledged mode.

Abstract: A mobile station may send a first handover indication message to a serving base station. The first handover indication message may include a first resource retain time. The mobile station may start a resource retaining timer using the first resource retain time. The mobile station may perform handover procedures. The mobile station may determine whether the resource retaining timer is within a threshold of expiring. The mobile station may send a second handover indication message to the serving base station if the resource retaining timer is within the threshold of expiring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for content delivery, including receiving content from a first network, moving into a coverage area of a second network, performing a handover, receiving content from the second network and dropping any duplicate content packets. Also described are a method and apparatus for content delivery including receiving content from a first network, performing a handover, receiving content from a second network, determining if any content is missing and requesting the missing content.