Abstract: A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are discussed. The solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter region of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type positioned at the substrate, a first electrode which is positioned on the substrate and is connected to the emitter region, at least one second electrode which is positioned on the substrate and is connected to the substrate, and an aluminum oxide layer positioned on a front surface and a back surface of the substrate excluding areas of the substrate on which the first electrode and the at least one second electrode are formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a kind of structure of a thin film solar cell, including: a transparent conductive layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, a conductive layer of metal, and a photoelectric conversion layer, wherein changing the structures of said first electrode and said second electrode can improve the efficiency of the cell. Because the distribution of electric potential is not uniform in the transparent conductive layer, it will reduce the efficiency of the cell. We can solve this problem by changing the electrode structures of the cell, and improve the efficiency of the cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved electrode structure for improving efficiency of solar cells, and the structure of the solar cells includes a back electrode, a transparent conducting glass layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a grid electrode. The transparent conducting glass layer includes a light-penetrated surface for accepting light. The photoelectric conversion layer is disposed between the back electrode and the transparent conducting glass layer to convert light energy into electric energy. The grid electrode is embedded in the transparent conducting glass layer to solve the problems of uneven electric potential for decreasing uneven voltage on the light-penetrated surface and further increasing efficiency of the solar cells.

Abstract: The invention provides an element including a semiconductor substrate and an electrode disposed on the semiconductor substrate, the electrode being a sintered product of a composition for an electrode that includes phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, glass particles and a dispersing medium, and the electrode includes a line-shaped electrode having an aspect ratio, which is defined as electrode short length:electrode height, of from 2:1 to 250:1.

Abstract: The invention provides a photovoltaic cell substrate that is a semiconductor substrate comprising an n-type diffusion layer, an n+-type diffusion layer having a higher n-type impurity concentration than the n-type diffusion layer, and a concave portion at a surface of the n+-type diffusion layer.

Abstract: The semiconductor substrate of the present invention contains a semiconductor layer and an impurity diffusion layer containing at least one impurity atom selected from the group consisting of an n-type impurity atom and a p-type impurity atom and at least one metallic atom selected from the group consisting of K, Na, Li, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Be, Zn, Pb, Cd, V, Sn, Zr, Mo, La, Nb, Ta, Y, Ti, Ge, Te, and Lu.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a light-absorption layer for a solar cell, a method manufacturing a thin film solar cell using the same, and a thin film solar cell fabricated using the same. The method of manufacturing a light-absorption layer for a solar cell includes: preparing an ink composition including at least one metal precursor including at least one chalcogen element and a solvent; applying the ink composition as a precursor phase on a substrate using a solution process; and photo-sintering the ink composition applied on the substrate as a precursor phase.

Abstract: A transparent glass substrate, associated with a transparent electrically conductive layer capable of constituting an electrode of a photovoltaic module, and composed of a doped oxide, characterized by the interposition, between the glass substrate and the transparent electrically conductive layer, of a layer of one or more first nitride(s) or oxynitride(s), or oxide(s) or oxycarbide(s) having good adhesive properties with the glass, then of a mixed layer of one or more second nitride(s) or oxynitride(s), or oxide(s) or oxycarbide(s) having good adhesive properties with the glass, and of one or more third nitride(s) or oxynitride(s), or oxide(s) or oxycarbide(s) capable of constituting, optionally in the doped state, a transparent electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: Solar cells, where at least one conductor is mechanically and electrically connected to the solar cell and/or further conductors by conductive cladding. The conductive cladding is preferably deposited electrolytically or galvanically from solution or is produced by plasma-spraying. In addition, methods for connecting solar cells by means of at least one conductor and/or for connecting conductors on solar cells, wherein at least one electrically-conductive conductor is mechanically and electrically connected by depositing conductive cladding from solution onto the solar cell and/or at least one conductor.

Abstract: An integrated laminate structure (702a, 702b, 801) adapted for application in the context of solar technology, includes a first carrier element (704, 804), such as a piece of plastic or glass, optionally including optically substantially transparent material enabling light transmission therethrough, a second carrier element (702, 802) provided with at least one surface relief pattern (802a) including a number of surface relief forms (708) and having at least one predetermined optical function relative to incident light, the second carrier element including optically substantially transparent material enabling light transmission therethrough, the first and second carrier elements being laminated together such that the at least one surface relief pattern has been embedded within the established laminate structure and a number of related cavities (709) have been formed at the interface of the first and second carrier elements. An applicable method of manufacture is presented.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell and a preparing method of the same. The solar cell includes a substrate, a back electrode layer on the substrate, a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer, and a window layer on the light absorbing layer. The window layer includes a base layer on the light absorbing layer, and an anti-reflection pattern on the base layer. The anti-reflection pattern includes a top surface, and an inclined surface extending from the top surface in a direction in which the inclined surface is inclined with respect to the top surface.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a transparent electrode layer on a substrate, a pattern layer on the transparent electrode layer, the pattern layer including a plurality of pattern parts having inclined side surfaces, a light absorption layer on the pattern layer, and a back surface electrode layer on the light absorption layer.

Abstract: A solar cell element is disclosed. The solar cell element comprises a semiconductor substrate and electrodes. The semiconductor substrate with a first and second main surface comprises a body and a first layer. The electrodes comprise first electrodes on the first layer and second electrodes on the second main surface. At least one of the first electrodes and the second electrodes comprises silver, copper and nickel as a main component. A method for manufacturing a solar cell element is disclosed. An electrically conductive paste containing silver, copper and nickel is prepared. The electrically conductive paste is applied on the semiconductor substrate. The electrically conductive paste is fired to form the solar cell element.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The solar cell may include a substrate, an emitter layer positioned at a first surface of the substrate, a first anti-reflection layer that is positioned on a surface of the emitter layer and may include a plurality of first contact lines exposing a portion of the emitter layer, a first electrode that is electrically connected to the emitter layer exposed through the plurality of first contact lines and may include a plating layer directly contacting the emitter layer, and a second electrode positioned on a second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell module (10) includes: a low refractive index material layer (1) provided on an object (4); a high refractive index material layer (2), provided on the low refractive index material layer (1), which has a higher refractive index than the low refractive index material layer (1); and a solar cell element (3) provided on that surface of the high refractive index material layer (2) which intersects that surface (counter surface facing the low refractive index material layer (1)) of the high refractive index material layer (2) which is in contact with the low refractive index material layer (1). Further, the high refractive index material layer (2) contains a fluorescent material dispersed therein.

Abstract: Processes for making a process for making a photovoltaic absorber by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes for depositing an ink containing compounds having the formula MB(ER)3 wherein MB is In, Ga or Al, and polymeric precursor compounds.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a solar cell comprising a heterogeneous redox couple comprising iodide and a pseudohalogen and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the electrolyte is provided.

Abstract: An all solid-state dye sensitizing type photoelectric conversion element excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of photoelectric conversion function due to the prevention of desorption of the dye, and a solar cell comprising the photoelectric conversion element are provided. The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element comprising a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer comprising a semiconductor and a sensitizing dye, and a solid hole transport layer, and a second electrode, on a substrate, wherein the sensitizing dye is represented by the general formula (1) and the solid hole transport layer comprises a polymer obtainable by polymerizing a compound represented by the following general formula (2) or a multimer of the compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element comprising: an electron transport layer which has an excellent electron transport property and a sufficient reaction interface, and having excellent conversion efficiency. In the present invention, a photoelectric conversion element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; a stack of an electron transport layer and hole transport layer, the stack being interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte solution; and a conductive agent; the electron transport layer containing an organic compound having a redox moiety causing repetitive oxidation-reduction reactions, the electrolyte solution being selected to give stable reduction condition of the redox moiety, the organic compound and the electrolyte solution being cooperative to form a gel layer. Wherein the conductive agent is present within the gal layer and kept at least partly in contact with the first electrode.

Abstract: Organic electronic devices comprising a phthalimide compound. The phthalimide compounds disclosed herein are electron transporters with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, high triplet energies, large reduction potentials, and/or thermal and chemical stability. As such, these phthalimide compounds are suitable for use in any of various organic electronic devices, such as OLEDs and solar cells. In an OLED, the phthalimide compounds may serve various functions, such as a host in the emissive layer, as a hole blocking material, or as an electron transport material. In a solar cell, the phthalimide compounds may serve various functions, such as an exciton blocking material. Various examples of phthalimide compounds which may be suitable for use in the present invention are disclosed.

Abstract: The electrically active layer of an organic heterojunction solar cell is associated with an additional layer, so as to promote the vertical segregation between the p-type organic semiconductor material and the n-type carbonaceous semiconductor material that are present in the electrically active layer. The additional layer is in direct contact with the electrically active layer. Said additional layer comprises a compound forming noncovalent interactions with the n-type semiconductor carbonaceous material. In particular, said compound can be P4VP when the electrically active layer is formed of a mixture of P3HT:PCBM. Moreover, said additional layer comprises a n-type semiconductor material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for collecting greywater from greywater sources such as bathtubs and showers before the greywater can enter the existing plumbing through a drain, without altering the plumbing, and communicating the greywater to a storage reservoir for use with irrigation landscaping, the apparatus including a drain cover and water inlet, and a pump providing a vacuum force for communicating the greywater through a communication conduit to the storage reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling water ingress into a pipe useful in the production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs comprises a multi-layer tubular, the multi-layered tubular comprising an outer pipe layer, an inner pipe layer longitudinally aligned within the outer pipe layer, and a hydrophilic composite material between the outer pipe layer and the inner pipe layer. The composite comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sand, silt and clay and mixtures thereof. The composite material is non chemically reactive and has absorption properties such that the material swells in the presence of water but is non-absorptive of hydrocarbons. Upon exposure to water, composite material creates an impervious shield covering at least a portion of the inner pipe layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention describe substrate processing tools and methods. The substrate processing tool includes a housing defining a chamber and a substrate support coupled to the housing and configured to support a substrate within the chamber. The substrate has an upper surface with a first portion and a second portion surrounding the first portion. An isolation unit including a body is coupled to the housing and positioned within the chamber above and spaced apart from the first portion of the upper surface of the substrate. The body includes at least one outlet on a lower surface thereof, which is in fluid communication with at least one fluid pump. The at least one fluid pump is configured to drive fluid through the at least one of outlet to form a barrier around the first portion of the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Method, ram block and ram blowout preventer (BOP) for sealing a well. The BOP includes a body having a first chamber extending along a first direction and a second chamber extending along a second direction, substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a ram block configured to move inside the first chamber, the ram block having a packer region and at least one channel that extends all the way through the ram block; a packer configured to be provided in the packer region to seal a tool provided inside the second chamber; and at least one double piston provided through the at least one channel so that a pressure from the well is transmitted to the packer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention describe substrate processing tools and methods. A substrate on a support has a first portion and a second portion surrounding the first portion. An isolation unit including a body is positioned above the first portion of the substrate. The body includes at least one outlet on a lower surface thereof. At least one liquid pump is in fluid communication with the array of outlets. The at least one outlet is configured to drive liquid through the at least one outlet onto the substrate to form a liquid barrier around the first portion of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a container system for releasably storing a substance. The container system includes a vial having a sample storage chamber and a piercing member for piercing a membrane in the lid, which membrane seals a substance within a reservoir in the lid until the membrane is pierced by the piercing member. The container system optionally includes a funnel. There is also provided a method and kit for use of such a container system.

Abstract: A medical functional device includes at least one first fluid system for receiving at least one medical fluid, at least one first conveying device for conveying the medical fluid, at least one second fluid system for receiving at least one operating fluid, and at least one second conveying device for operating the at least first conveying device, in which the first conveying device is arranged such as to be actuated by means of the operating fluid. A treatment apparatus and a method are also described.

Abstract: A gas chamber contains upper and lower chamber bodies forming a cavity, a heating chuck for a wafer, a remote gas source, and an exhaust unit. Gas is injected into the cavity through channels in an injector. Each channel has sections that are bent with respect to each other at a sufficient angle to substantially eliminate entering light rays entering the channel from exiting the channel without reflection. The channels have funnel-shaped nozzles at end points proximate to the chuck. The injector also has thermal expansion relief slots and small gaps between the injector and mating surfaces of the chamber and gas source. The temperature of the injector is controlled by a cooling liquid in cooling channels and electrical heaters in receptacles of the injector. The upper chamber body is funnel-shaped and curves downward at an end of the upper chamber body proximate to the chuck.

Abstract: The liquid distribution system includes a tank with a standpipe extending upwardly therefrom. A three-way pipefitting or the like is installed at the top of the standpipe. A selectively openable shutoff valve is below the three-way fitting. A flexible hose extends from another branch of the fitting. Another openable shutoff valve is installed between the fitting and the hose. Finally, a pump (electric, manual, hydraulic, etc.) is installed on the third branch of the fitting, with a meter, filter, hose, and dispensing nozzle installed downstream of the pump. The system is particularly useful in removing fuel from a motor vehicle or aircraft tank for transfer to another tank or its own system tank, or in dispensing fuel stored in the system tank to another vehicle tank. The system may, alternatively, be used for the transfer of other liquids from one tank or source to another.

Abstract: A toilet water supply system comprising: a used water reservoir, in addition to a tank of said toilet, for storing used water to be supplied to said toilet tank from a domestic water source; an adequate-water sensor, for sensing whether said reservoir is full; and a water-directing apparatus, for directing water from said used-water source towards said used water reservoir upon sensing that said reservoir is not full, and towards a domestic drain upon sensing that said water reservoir is full, wherein said directing is carried out using a pump and the operation thereof is regulated, wherein said water-directing apparatus, said sensor and said pump being separated from said water reservoir and the capacity of said apparatus being less than about 3 liters, thereby allowing placing said water directing apparatus in an easy accessible location, resulting with convenient maintenance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling pressure maintenance equipment for a cooling and heating system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of operating and controlling, under optimum conditions, pressure maintenance equipment with multiple sensors so as to check for irregularities in the sensors which measure the same physical parameter. In the present invention, measurement values of two or more sensors are used to detect whether an abnormality has occurred in any sensor. If a sensor is determined to be abnormal, a measurement value of the abnormal sensor is excluded when determining a reference control value. Thereby, the pressure can be precisely and reliably controlled in response to actual conditions of the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing fluid from a blood filter which is used for the blood treatment of a patient and/or for removing blood from an extracorporeal blood circuit at the end of a blood treatment session. It further relates to a medical treatment apparatus with a control and/or regulating device which executes the method according to the present invention. It further relates to a digital storage medium, a computer program product as well as a computer program for executing the method according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention consists of a fuel-pump drive off alert system comprising of a fuel pump disengageable device, a disengage detector, a transmitter, and a receiver. In summary, the fuel pump disengageable device comprising of an upper and lower section and the disengage detector comprises of two parts that connect to said upper and lower section of the fuel pump disengageable device. The transmitter is connected to the first part of the disengage detector whereby providing an alert in the form of an alarm or other notification, when the first part and second part of the disengage detector are separated.

Abstract: A system for distributing resin, the system including at least one supply of resin, at least one conduit operatively connectable to a corresponding supply of resin, and at least one pump operatively connectable to each conduit for pumping resin from the corresponding supply of resin. The system also includes a driving assembly operatively connectable to each pump for driving the same, the driving assembly including a transmission assembly being adjusted specifically depending on the nature of resin to be pumped through each conduit by means of an appropriate transmission ratio. The system also includes a discharging assembly separate from the driving assembly and operatively connectable to each conduit for discharging resin out from the discharging assembly, the discharging assembly being also operatively connectable to the driving assembly for selectively and adjustably controlling operating parameters of each pump. Also described is a resin reservoir bag to be used for with the resin distributing system.

Abstract: A fuel cutoff valve comprises a casing main body with a connecting hole and a valve chamber, a cover forming the tube member, and the float housed in the valve chamber. The valve comprises, above the casing main body, the liquid closure member forming the retaining chamber for temporarily retaining liquid fuel flown out of the connecting hole and the partition member formed in plurality in a ridge form on the upper surface of the upper wall within the retaining chamber. Each partition member is arranged radially so as to be connected to the liquid closure member from the near center of the connecting hole, and configured in such a way that the retaining chamber is divided into multiple divided chambers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flow path member includes inserting the first flow path member into each concave portion of the second flow path member and welding the first flow path member and the second flow path member in a circumferential direction of a region where the first flow path and the second flow path communicates each other; and providing two or more injecting portions which are provided with a gap wider than a gap between a wall surface of the concave portion which faces the first flow path member and a circumference surface of the first flow path member inserted into each concave portion which faces the wall surface, communicate with each concave portion, and are opened to the same side as the concave portion to have a concave shape to each concave portion in the second flow path member.

Abstract: A tail pipe assembly for a vehicle includes a tail pipe mounted to a muffler of the vehicle and discharging exhaust gas and condensation water to an outside, and at least one main collecting element that is mounted within the tail pipe, suppresses flow of the condensation water and temporarily stores the condensation water.

Abstract: An incorrect filling prevention assembly (10), including a body locatable in a filling guide tube so as to define a passage through the body coaxial with the guide tube. The body mounts a closure member (32) selectively movable between a closed position preventing access through the passage and an open position allowing access therethrough. A plurality of release members (48) are movably connected to the body so as to in a rest condition extend inwardly from the body into the body passage, and also in the rest condition retain the closure member (32) in the closed position. The release members (48) are movable outwardly relative to the body upon location of an item of sufficient diameter in the body passage to engage against a plurality of the release members (48) to move same to a use condition, with the release members (48) in the use condition allowing opening of the closure member (32).

Abstract: A valve for the gastight interruption of a flow path is disclosed. A valve housing includes a first opening and a valve seat. A valve disk includes an inner disk portion, which is linearly movable relative to an outer disk portion so that, in a closed setting, a pressure differential acts substantially upon the movable inner disk portion, which is supported on the valve housing. The valve seat has a radially inward pointing first inner face and the outer disk portion has a radially outward pointing first outer face, wherein in the closed setting there exists a radial sealing contact with the first inner face. The outer disk portion has a radially inward pointing second inner face and the inner disk portion has a radially outward pointing second outer face, having a radially sealing contact with the second inner face.

Abstract: A pneumatic lock assembly for securing a valve comprises a lock pin engaging a contact surface on a poppet assembly. The head of a poppet creates a sealing relationship with an end of the valve. A guide with a bore extends between the exterior and interior of the valve terminating at a sleeve. The sleeve slidably receives a stem extending from the poppet head. A spring biases a pin, slidably received within the pylon bore, into engagement with a contact surface on the valve stem for securing the valve head in a closed position. The pin may be pneumatically disengaged from the groove by forcing air from a pneumatic power source into a bore in the pin. A cap assembly at the exterior of the valve provides protection for the lock assembly and allows for manual disengagement of the pin from the groove.

Abstract: A system and process for mixing and distributing building materials. This system and process can also include a way or a means for calibrating the mixing of these materials.

Abstract: A faucet attachment bracket and system include a metal plate and a collar. The faucet attachment bracket may couple a faucet to a pipe disposed within a wall interior. The collar may include a first end and a second end. The collar may extend orthogonally through the metal plate. The first end may be adapted to receive a faucet stem. The second end may adapted to fit through a hole in a wall and receive a pipe end of the pipe. The collar may align the faucet stem to the pipe end.

Abstract: Drain component having a surface which in the installed state of the drain component may at least partially come in contact with one or several layers of a floor structure, wherein connecting means are at least partially arranged on the surface of the drain component for forming a connection to one or several layers of the floor structure. The drain component may include, for example, a tubular section (1) and a flange (2) protruding outwardly from the tubular section (1), wherein connecting elements (7) for the interlocking connection with a screed are arranged, for example, on the bottom side (6) of the flange (2), as viewed in the installed position.

Abstract: An automated pipe freeze protection system is disclosed. The system includes tubing, a detector module, and a valve configured to open and circulate unfrozen water through plumbing in the event ambient temperature is detected to be near a freezing point.

Abstract: Pressure regulator assemblies that are overall small in size, have a thin form factor, can be repeatedly manufactured at relatively low cost and which can avoid the use of poppet valves, pivots, sliding members or rubber and metal diaphragms are disclosed. These pressure regulator assemblies can find utility in small or micro-fluidic applications, such as fuel cell systems, for example. The fluid to be regulated by the assemblies can be a liquid or gas.

Abstract: A self piloted check valve which utilizes closure of a piloting flapper valve to permit development of closure forces for a ball valve. The normally open ball valve has a central flow passage and simultaneously rotates and translates as it traverses between its fully open and fully closed positions. An opening bias system utilizes a combination of a first less stiff spring and a second stiffer spring. Reversible decoupling means disconnects and reconnects the second spring at a short travel distance from the normally open position of the ball, white the first spring always provides opening bias forces to the ball. The pressure induced force required to fully close the ball valve following decoupling of the second spring is more than the force required to overcome the combination of the first and second springs.

Abstract: A pipe break valve device includes a housing that has a recess continuous in a flow direction, a valve slide that is arranged displaceably in the flow direction in the recess, and a spatial volume of a throttle device that is arranged at least in regions between the outer wall of the valve slide and the inner wall of the housing. Throttle ducts that are present on the inlet side and on the outlet side are formed by a first gap and a second gap which are present in each case between the outer wall of the valve slide and the inner wall of the housing, and no sealing means are present between the inner wall of the housing and the outer wail of the valve slide.

Abstract: A poppet valve for a hydraulic coupling member has an internal, spring-loaded check valve (which may be a ball check valve) in fluid communication with a bleed passage. The check valve may be configured as a pressure-relief valve which bleeds off excess hydraulic fluid pressure within the coupling member to a preselected value. A poppet valve according to the invention may be used in female coupling members and/or male coupling members. Certain embodiments of the invention may be retrofitted to coupling members of the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hand sanitizer system that includes a proximity detector, a dispensing system and alarm feature, and is operative to provide an indication corresponding to a person in proximity of the system failing to dispense antiseptic or other solution from the dispenser within a predetermined period of time after moving within a predetermined range of the detector.