Abstract: A semiconductor filter is provided to operate in conjunction with a differential pressure transducer. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, at a filter, a pressure, wherein the pressure includes a static pressure component and a dynamic pressure component; filtering, by the filter, at least the dynamic pressure component of the pressure; outputting, from the filter, a filtered pressure; receiving, at a first surface of a diaphragm, the pressure; receiving, at a second surface of the diaphragm, the filtered pressure, wherein the second surface of the diaphragm is operatively coupled to the filter; and measuring, at a sensor operatively coupled to the diaphragm, a difference between the pressure and the filtered pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensors that are exposed to media during use. In some cases, a sensor assembly includes a sensor element positioned on a substrate, where the sensor element may be mechanically and electrically connected to the substrate and may be in fluid communication with a media inlet port. The sensor assembly may include a cover sealed to the substrate of the sensor assembly to enclose the sensor element in a sealed chamber. In some instances, the sensor assembly may include a bonding layer on the substrate of the sensor assembly, and the cover may be sealed to the bonding layer to form the sealed chamber. In some instances, the sealed chamber may help provide a fail-safe media seal for the sensor assembly in the event the sensor element forms a leak during use.

Abstract: A manometer includes a pressure gauge, a cylinder having a larger cross-section and an outlet, and a tubular coupler fluidly communicated with the cylinder and having a source-side port. A piston is fitted in and fluid-tightly slidable relative to the cylinder to define a fluid subchamber in communication with the outlet. A piston rod having a smaller cross-section extends from the piston into the tubular coupler to terminate at a pressed end. The outlet and the source-side port are fluidly communicated with the pressure gauge and a pressure source to be measured so as to transform an internal pressure of the pressure source into a reduced or augmented fluid pressure to be detected by the pressure gauge.

Abstract: A pressure measurement member includes an insulation bottom layer, a flexible insulation top layer and at least one spacer. The insulation bottom layer has a bottom conductive element on the surface thereof. The flexible insulation top layer has a top conductive element on the surface thereof adjacent to the insulation bottom layer and opposite to the bottom conductive element. The spacer is located between the insulation bottom layer and flexible insulation top layer to separate the insulation bottom layer and flexible insulation top layer. As different pressures could result in different impedance variations on the contact area between the top conductive element and bottom conductive element, the pressure being applied can be derived from the impedance variation. The invention can measure pressure without using piezoresistive material to reduce cost.

Abstract: A device for testing erythrocyte membrane mechanical fragility that incorporates single-use disposable containers for holding cell samples, the device comprising: a stressor for subjecting a sample comprising red blood cells to a mechanical stress capable of causing hemolysis, wherein said sample remains within a disposable component during the subjecting; and a detector for direct or indirect measurement of said hemolysis present in said sample after particular extent(s) of said stress, whereby said measurement can occur while said sample remains within said component. In addition, the present disclosure specifically addresses such systems wherein said mechanical stress is ultrasonic stress.

Abstract: A sensor that can be used for in-situ structural health monitoring with a triboluminescent material provided on a portion of an optical fiber that may be embedded in materials to be structurally monitored. Damage to the monitored material may result in a triboluminescent emission from the triboluminescent material that can be guided via the optical fiber. Analysis of the triboluminescent emission may provide information on the occurrence, severity and location of damage in a structure.

Abstract: A mobile anchor tester for testing an earth anchor or a deadman or any other suitable assembly. A mobile system is provided for testing in-ground anchors, the system including a mobile platform, such as a trailer or the bed of a pickup truck having a horizontal support surface spaced above the ground. A pair of adjustable leg assemblies are provided engaging the rear end of the mobile anchor tester. The legs are adjustable, typically having hydraulic cylinders engaged therewith. The adjustable leg assemblies will extend from the back or rear end of the mobile platform to the ground. An anchor testing assembly engaged with the horizontal support surface on the mobile platform has a cable at the removed end thereof. The cable includes a hook to engage the in-ground anchor.

Abstract: A measuring device (1) is provided for measuring the flow rate of a medium (5) flowing through measuring tube (3). The measuring device (1) contains means for generating a constant magnetic field (B) perpendicular to the flow direction (v) of the medium (5) and at least two decoupling regions (7, 7?) which are disposed in a plane (E) perpendicular to the flow direction (v) of the medium (5) on the wall (9) of the measuring tube (3). Each decoupling region (7, 7?) comprises an electrode (13, 13?) which has a non-metal porous layer (11) on the side facing the medium (5) and a measuring unit (19) for detecting a measuring signal. In the measuring device (1), the porous layer (11, 11?) comprises an oxidic and/or non-oxidic ceramic material.

Abstract: A flow cell that includes a sensor body with internal cable channels for routing cables from the sensor ports to communicate with a flow meter is disclosed.

Abstract: Ultrasonic transducers are attached in a direction of compressing O-ring provided in a housing with a flow passage. Biasing means makes contact with and presses these ultrasonic transducers and at multiple points. A screw is provided for locking this pressing means to the housing. This enables the use of O-ring as a sealing means. Accordingly, an in-expensive ultrasonic flowmeter that facilitates signal processing by reducing propagation of vibration of the ultrasonic transducer to the housing can be achieved.

Abstract: A food machine, in particular a machine for processing and producing sausage, with a step, and a corresponding method, wherein the food machine includes a safety device for detecting whether a person is standing on the step when the step is in a projecting step-on position.

Abstract: Provided are a biocompatible pressure sensor which can be implanted into a body to wirelessly measure an internal pressure of the body outside the body, and a method of manufacturing the biocompatible pressure sensor. The biocompatible pressure sensor includes a coil inductor, a capacitor electrically connected with the coil inductor to constitute an LC resonant circuit together with the coil inductor, a flexible membrane disposed while being spaced apart from the coil inductor with an internal space interposed therebetween and surrounded by a housing, and a pressure displacement member fixed to one surface of the flexible membrane facing the coil inductor. The flexible membrane is transformed by external pressure to change a distance between the coil inductor and the pressure displacement member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for sampling carbon particles emitted, for example, from a charcoal kiln, including: a sampling tube introducing samples including carbon particles from a carbon particle emission source; a first manifold collecting the samples introduced from the sampling tube; a first suction means transferring the samples from the carbon particle emission source to the first manifold through the sampling tube; a discharge tube discharging the samples from the first manifold; a second manifold collecting the samples introduced from the discharge tube and supplying them to a carbon particle collection unit; a second suction means transferring the samples introduced to the first manifold to the second manifold through the discharge tube; the carbon particle collection unit receiving the samples from the second manifold and collecting the carbon particles included in the samples; and a third suction means transferring the samples introduced to the second manifold to the carbon particle collection unit

Abstract: A sheet of material is received at a sensor assembly, which includes a sensor operable to measure a property of the sheet. An air flow is generated that is substantially tangential to the sheet in order to at least partially control a position of the sheet relative to the sensor assembly. For example, the sheet may be associated with an upstream boundary layer of air and a downstream boundary layer of air. At least part of the air from the upstream boundary layer could be removed and used to provide an air flow forming at least part of the downstream boundary layer. Also, the air flow could be provided between a surface of the sensor assembly and the sheet to at least partially control a distance of the sheet from the surface of the sensor assembly and/or an angle at which the sheet passes the surface of the sensor assembly.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring parameters or for taking samples in molten iron or steel and for taking samples of slag resting on the melt. The device includes a carrier tube having an immersion end, a lateral circumferential surface, and a measuring head arranged on the immersion end. At least one sensor or inlet opening for a sample chamber present inside the device is arranged at the immersion end of the measuring head. The lateral circumferential surface of the carrier tube or measuring head has an inlet opening extending through an inlet channel to merge in a pre-chamber arranged inside the carrier tube or measuring head. The pre-chamber has, at its end facing away from the immersion end, an entry opening that merges into a slag sample chamber on the side of the pre-chamber facing away from the immersion end.

Abstract: The aim of the present disclosure is to reliably measure particles (3) adhering to a body (1). To this end, particles are transferred from the body (1) to a test body (2) and measured thereon. In this way, for example, the performance of dust collectors for, for example, pharmaceutical tablets can be reliably determined with a high level of repeat accuracy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bearing ring produced from a straight profile bar that is bent to an annular shape and where the bearing ring is joined in a flash butt welding process, and where the bearing ring further comprises an additional component enclosed within the bearing ring material. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a bearing ring from a straight profile bar. The advantage of the invention is to obtain a bearing ring with completely enclosed additional component in a simple and cost-effective way.

Abstract: A symmetrical, flat laminate structure used to minimize variables in a test structure to experimentally gauge white bump sensitivity to CTE mismatch is disclosed. The test structure includes a flat laminate structure. The method of using the test structure includes isolating a cause of a multivariable chip join problem that is adversely impacted by warpage and quantifying a contribution of the warpage, itself, in a formation of the multivariable chip join problem.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolution experiment of mineral is disclosed. The apparatus for dissolution experiment of mineral according to the inventive concept includes a main body including frames, a mounting unit including a container whose mouth is open so as to contain an alkaline solution, a first mineral sample and a second mineral sample contacting with each other in the alkaline solution, a cylinder including a plunger that is attached to the main body and movable so as to be inserted in and separated from the container for pressing the first mineral sample toward the second mineral sample included in the container, and a load cell supporting the mounting unit from the below and measuring a pressure applied to the second mineral sample.

Abstract: A sensor stabilization platform and method for installation in an enclosure is described, wherein the platform can be lowered into the enclosure from the enclosure's entry way (without requiring a person to enter the enclosure) and properly oriented to provide the structural support/securing capabilities needed for a sensor that is “sensing” the material at the bottom of the enclosure. The securing platform is weighted or configured to rest (without movement) at the bottom of the enclosure floor or manhole, and sensors can be lowered into the platform's receptacle(s), etc. The platform may be configured to be foldable, allowing it to be compact and pass through narrow entry ways.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an accessory gearbox (9) for an engine with a drive shaft (12) operatively connectable to a main shaft of the engine, with an extension shaft (29) being provided which can be put into a detachable operative connection to the drive shaft (12) substantially coaxially to said drive shaft (12) of the accessory gearbox (9). At least one auxiliary unit (39) can be detachably arranged on the extension shaft (29).

Abstract: A transmission includes a main gearbox and a power take off unit, wherein the power take off unit can be engaged with and disengaged from the main gearbox through an engagement mechanism having at least a first position engaging the main gearbox and the power take off unit and a second position disengaging the power take off unit from the main gearbox, wherein the power take off unit is provided with at least one lubricant inlet. The engagement mechanism includes a valve member and when the engagement mechanism is positioned in its second position, the valve member blocks the lubricant inlet, thereby preventing lubricant from flowing through the lubricant inlet into the power take off unit. When the engagement mechanism is positioned in its first position, the lubricant inlet is open and lubricant can flow through the lubricant inlet into the power take off unit.

Abstract: An actuator for a lever that is connected, with a valve or a wastegate or a variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbocharger. The actuator includes a connecting rod between a drive and the lever. The connecting rod is rotatably supported at a location some distance from the lever. The connecting rod is further guided between the support and the lever on a circular arc.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is designed to transmit torque from a driving shaft to a driven shaft. The device consists of eccentrics, secured in a number of not less than three to each of the shafts, and cable-type connecting rods. The eccentrics may be mounted at equal intervals or, in order to reduce vibrations, offset by up to 50 degrees of angular rotation. The cable-type connecting rods connect via bearings the eccentrics of the driving and driven shafts and operate solely in tension. The use of cable-type connecting rods makes it possible to increase the specific loads, which leads to a reduction in weight of the connecting rods and counterweights. From four to twelve eccentrics are secured to each of the shafts in order to increase the uniformity of torque transmission to the driven shaft.

Abstract: A mechanical reducer case for converting a motor torque into a drive torque for an opening is provided, the case forming a guide rail guiding the opening into a closed position or into an open position. Also disclosed is a motorized system for driving an opening including the preceding case and a method for manufacturing the preceding case including a half-shell.

Abstract: An opening system comprising an upper bearing section bar (1) fastened to the vertical rods, a gripper for the plate (4) made up of a first section bar (2) and of a second section bar (3) and at least one moving device (5) for the plate (4); each moving device (5) is made up of a support section bar (6), a right angle gearbox, an arm (7), a gas spring (8) and a clamp (9); the right angle gearbox is made up of a first conical cogwheel (10) and a second conical cogwheel (11) engaging each other; the arm of the first conical cogwheel (10) acts as lever, transforming the axial movement of the rod of the gas spring (8) into a radial movement of the second conical cogwheel (11) and of the elements linked thereto: clamp (9), gripper for the plate (4) and plate itself (4).

Abstract: A linear motion device includes a housing, an extension arm, and an anti-twist safeguard. The extension arm projects from the housing and includes a securing section. The anti-twist safeguard includes at least one separate elongate anti-friction lining, which is formed with a constant cross-sectional shape. The anti-friction lining is arranged substantially without play between the housing and the securing section of the extension arm and extends transversely to a longitudinal axis. The extension arm is supported on the housing in such a way that it can move along the longitudinal axis. In the securing section, the extension arm extends parallel to the longitudinal axis with a constant external cross-sectional shape deviating from a circular shape. The anti-twist safeguard engages positively in said external cross-sectional shape, thus securing the extension arm with respect to the housing against twisting relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Construction assembly (1) for spatial structure comprising a support (10), a screw (50) and a drive shaft (60). The support (10) has a peripheral surface (30, 72) extends along a longitudinal direction (X). The support (10) comprises a first hole (12) extending through said peripheral surface (30) and a second hole (22) receiving the screw (50). The drive shaft (60) is pivotally mounted with respect to the support (10) along the cross axis (Y).

Abstract: A power transmission unit is disclosed which includes a first input shaft and a second input shaft which can be mutually driven by a motor shaft in opposite directions. A driven shaft can be coupled, depending on the desired sense of rotation of the driven shaft, to the first or to the second input shaft, and can engage with a first output shaft and with a second output shaft. The first output shaft can be directly coupled with the first input shaft via a first magneto-rheological clutch, and the second output shaft can be directly coupled with the second input shaft via a second magneto-rheological clutch. A magneto-rheological clutch is disclosed with a coil powered by wireless energy transmission between a sender connected to a stationary housing and a receiver rotating with the coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bicycle twist-grip shifter, which is connectable to a fixed handgrip and is mountable as a structural unit on a handlebar. In this way the fixed handgrip is securely fixed on the handlebar. Moreover, the individual components have an advantageous size for production in an injection moulding process. The twist-grip shifter gives the operator a precise operation by avoiding disruptive frictional effects of the rotatable handgrip part on the mounting tube, for which purpose ball bearings are used for bearing the take-up spool, and a metallic positioning ring is used in the positioning mechanism.

Abstract: A steering means for vehicles suitable for use by disabled persons comprises an attachment device for receiving an upper limb of a person who does not have the ability to grasp the steering means. The attachment device comprises a hollow body in which are provided a seat to receive an extremity of the upper limb, a front opening, having an open outline, through which the limb projects when the extremity is received in the seat, a side opening, joined to the front opening, extending along the hollow body to allow the extremity of the limb to be inserted into or removed from the hollow body, respectively, as well as opposing abutment regions shaped and spaced so as to abut the extremity of the limb when the latter is subjected to a torsion movement.

Abstract: A mechanical manipulator includes a base seat, a connecting arm, a mechanical arm, an electric cable, and a cable protection structure. The connecting arm has a first end rotatably hinged to the base seat, a second end opposite to the first end, and a side surface, the connecting arm defines a cable receiving slot in the side surface. The mechanical arm is rotatably hinged to the second end of the connecting arm. The electric cable is partially received within the cable receiving slot. Two ends of the electric cable are exposed from two ends of the cable receiving slot and then enter into the base seat and the mechanical arm respectively. The cable protection structure is fixed to the connecting arm and resists against the electric cable toward the cable receiving slot, for preventing the electric cable emerging from the cable receiving slot.

Abstract: A shim sleeve for pivot buttons is described herein. One embodiment may take the form of button assembly with a stem and a receiving portion pivotally coupled to the stem. The stem is positioned within an aperture of the receiving portion, with the aperture providing a gap between the receiving portion and the stem. A shim sleeve having non-uniform thickness is coupled over the stem and positioned between the receiving portion and the stem. The shim sleeve is configured to reduce the gap between the receiving portion and the stem.

Abstract: A steering column assembly has an adjustable shroud comprising a fixed portion secured to the vehicle body and a moving portion which can be collapsed telescopically through a normal range of adjustment relative to the fixed portion, a support bracket secured to a fixed part of the vehicle and a clamp mechanism. The assembly includes a blocking mechanism which is an integral part of a locking lever of the clamp assembly so arranged that when the clamp mechanism is in unclamped the blocking mechanism prevents the moving portion from collapsing beyond the normal range of movement in the collapse direction by providing a path for axial forces applied to the moving portion to pass through the blocking mechanism to a stopper fixed relative to the vehicle body and when the clamp mechanism is clamped the blocking mechanism is held clear of the stopper to permit additional telescopic movement of the moving portion towards the fixed portion beyond the normal range of adjustment.

Abstract: A steering apparatus for a vehicle, includes: a steering column; a single electric motor being selectively connected to a telescopic mechanism or a tilt mechanism; a steering wheel; a drive mechanism transmitting an output torque of the electric motor to a telescopic threaded shaft and a tilt threaded shaft; and a connecting-disconnecting mechanism having a first clutch mechanism connecting and disconnecting the drive mechanism to and from the tilt threaded shaft and a second clutch mechanism connecting and disconnecting the drive mechanism to and from the telescopic threaded shaft, the connecting-disconnecting mechanism bringing one of the first clutch mechanism and the second clutch mechanism in a connected state to the drive mechanism and bringing the other of the first clutch mechanism and the second clutch mechanism in a disconnected state from the drive mechanism, wherein the drive mechanism and the connecting-disconnecting mechanism constitute a single power connecting-disconnecting unit.

Abstract: A lift-up mechanism is provided with a link member with one end thereof being supported rotatably on a movable bracket for holding a movable columnar member, and the other one end thereof being disposed to be engaged with and removed from a fixing bracket. The link member selectively provides a hold state for engaging the link member with the fixing bracket at a rear part of the vehicle body to hold the movable bracket at an initial position or a lift-up position, and a release state for releasing its engagement. A spring member is disposed between the fixing bracket and the movable bracket, with component forces of its biasing force biasing the movable bracket in a direction to be lifted up from the fixing bracket, and biasing the link member in a direction to be engaged with the fixing bracket.

Abstract: The invention provides a finger-actuated accelerator for small motor-vehicles. The accelerator has an actuation path that remains in the planar region of maximum finger-tip mobility. Rotational motion of an input mechanism is used to approximate a natural finger motion. An arrangement that includes a brake lever and a finger-actuated accelerator for operation by the same hand is provided. Several techniques are discussed for transforming the motion of an index finger into control inputs to a vehicle engine, including both mechanical and electronic techniques.

Abstract: A shift control device includes a mount, a derailleur cable control unit, which is pivotally mounted on the mount and has a first sector gear portion, a second sector gear portion, and a one-way rotary driven portion, a first shifter, which is pivotally mounted on the mount and has a one-way rotary driving portion for driving the one-way rotary driven portion to rotate the derailleur cable control unit in one direction, and a second shifter, which is auto-reversibly pivotally mounted on the mount and has a first tooth and a second tooth for meshing with the first sector gear portion and the second sector gear portion to control return action of the derailleur cable control unit when the second shifter is biased relative to the mount.

Abstract: A crank assembly for an acrobatic bicycle includes a mandrel, two cranks, a chainwheel, and a connector. The chainwheel has a shaft hole and a fixing hole. The connector has a mounting hole and a locking hole connected with the shaft hole and the fixing hole respectively. The mounting hole has a mounting portion inserted into the shaft hole. The mounting hole has an engaging surface. The mandrel has two urging portions, and one of the urging portions is extended through the mounting hole and is engaged with the engaging surface. Thus, the connector is connected with the chainwheel and located between the chainwheel, the mandrel and one of the cranks to enhance the structural strength of combination of the chainwheel, the mandrel and the two cranks.

Abstract: An apparatus for damping vibrations in an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a crankshaft with a lobe. The lobe has a flange with an opening that is coupled to the body of the lobe. A pendulum is pivotally coupled to the flange in a manner to allow the pendulum to follow an epicycloidal path of movement.

Abstract: The device comprises at least one safety screen (3) linked to a fixed structure (10) of a printer (40) through first guide elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) installed in said fixed structure (10) and complementary second guide elements (3a, 3b) installed in the screen (3) for allowing a linear movement of the screen (3) between a safe position, wherein the screen (3) prevents the access to a hazardous area of the printer (40), and a withdrawn position, wherein the screen (3) is withdrawn from said hazardous area, and an electronic safety device (4a, 4b) in connection with an electronic safety module configured for deactivating or stopping the movement of any element of the printer (40) in the hazardous area if the screen (3) is not in said safe position.

Abstract: First and second rotational shafts and an output shaft are provided in a casing. A drive gear on the second rotational shaft and a driven gear of the output shaft mesh with each other. A clutch device, which transmits rotation, obtained by synthesizing rotations of the first and second rotational shafts, or rotation of the second rotational shaft to the output shaft is provided. A counter gear meshes with an intermediate gear and a bearing device is provided between the first rotational shaft and the counter gear. The bearing device is configured by combining four angular contact ball bearings and is arranged at a position corresponding to a meshed portion between the counter gear and the intermediate gear in the axial direction of the first rotational shaft.

Abstract: A drive-force-distribution control device includes an input-side bevel gear and an output-side bevel gear, a center shaft, left and right clutches, a housing, a bearing and a shim member. The output-side bevel gear is supported on the center shaft such that the output-side bevel gear meshes with the input-side bevel gear. The housing can be divided in the radial direction of the output-side bevel gear. The bearing is disposed at one end of the center shaft. The shim member is inserted in an axial-direction gap between the housing and the bearing. The output-side bevel gear and the center shaft can be attached to the housing from the radial direction. The axial end of the center shaft is located towards the other end with respect to the axial end of the bearing.

Abstract: A process for producing a molten steel (G) is disclosed in which particulate metallic iron can be more efficiently melted. The process includes the step of melting, in an electric arc furnace (2), all charge for iron which comprises: particulate metallic iron (A) produced by a method including a step in which a feed material comprising a carbonaceous reducing material and an iron oxide-containing substance is heated in a rotary hearth furnace (1) as a reducing/melting furnace and the iron oxide contained in the feed material is thereby reduced in the solid state to yield metallic iron and a step in which the resultant metallic iron is heated to a higher temperature to melt the metallic iron and the molten iron is aggregated while separating the iron from the slag (B); and scraps (D) which are another feed material for iron. The process is characterized in that the content of carbon in the particulate metallic iron (A) is regulated to 1.0-4.

Abstract: A syntactic metal foam composite that is substantially fully dense except for syntactic porosity is formed from a mixture of ceramic microballoons and matrix forming metal. The ceramic microballoons have a uniaxial crush strength and a much higher omniaxial crush strength. The mixture is continuously constrained while it is consolidated. The constraining force is less than the omniaxial crush strength. The substantially fully dense syntactic metal foam composite is then constrained and deformation worked at a substantially constant volume. The deformation working is typically performed at a yield strength that is adjusted by way of selecting a working temperature at which the yield strength is approximately less than the omniaxial crush strength of the included ceramic microballoons. This deformation causes at least work hardening and grain refinement in the matrix metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a granular metallic iron in which an adhesion inhibitor leveler, an agglomerate leveler, a discharger, and the physical state of materials present on the hearth are optimized to thereby enable agglomerate to be spread in a single layer. The agglomerate hence is evenly heat-treated to enable high-quality granular metallic iron to be produced in satisfactory yield.

Abstract: A production method of composite silver nanoparticle including the steps of: arranging at least an alcohol solvent selected from alcohols with a carbon number of 1 to 12 composed of methanol, ethanol, propanol, buthanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octhanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol and dodecanol; preparing an alcohol solution by mixing a silver salt into the alcohol solvent added more excessively than the mol number of the silver salt so as to become an excess alcohol solution; heating the excess alcohol solution in a reaction chamber at a generation temperature PT generating an aldehyde for a generation time; forming a silver core through reducing of the silver salt by the alcohol solvent and/or the aldehyde; and forming a composite silver nanoparticle having an organic coating layer originated from the alcohol solvent around the silver core.

Abstract: A method for cyclically preparing titanium sponge and coproducing sodium cryolite using sodium fluotitanate as an intermediate material, which includes the following steps: A) adding hydrofluoric acid to titaniferous iron concentrate to enable a reaction to form fluotitanic acid; B) adding sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide to the fluotitanic acid to enable a reaction to form the sodium fluotitanate; C) putting the sodium fluotitanate into a reactor, adding aluminium to react with the sodium fluotitanate to form the titanium sponge and sodium cryolite; D) extracting the sodium cryolite and sending it to a rotary reaction kettle together with concentrated sulphuric acid to enable a reaction to form hydrogen fluoride gas and sodium sulphate, aluminium sodium sulphate; collecting the hydrogen fluoride gas and dissolving it into water to obtain a hydrofluoric acid solution; E) recycling the obtained hydrofluoric acid to Step A to leach the titaniferous iron concentrate.

Abstract: A method for cyclically preparing titanium sponge and coproducing potassium cryolite using potassium fluotitanate as an intermediate material, which includes the following steps: A) adding hydrofluoric acid to titaniferous iron concentrate to enable a reaction to form fluotitanic acid; B) adding potassium sulphate to the fluotitanic acid to enable a reaction to form the potassium fluotitanate; C) putting the potassium fluotitanate into a reactor, adding aluminium to react with the potassium fluotitanate to form the titanium sponge and potassium cryolite; D) extracting the potassium cryolite and sending it to a rotary reaction kettle together with concentrated sulphuric acid to enable a reaction to form hydrogen fluoride gas and potassium sulphate, aluminium potassium sulphate; collecting the hydrogen fluoride gas and dissolving it into water to obtain a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution; E) recycling the obtained hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution to Step A to leach the titaniferous iron concentrate.

Abstract: A method for making a metal based nano-composite material is disclosed. In the method, a semi-solid state metal based material is provided. The semi-solid state metal based material is stirred and nano sized reinforcements are added into the semi-solid state metal based material to obtain a semi-solid state mixture. The semi-solid state mixture is heated to a temperature above a liquidus temperature of the metal based material, to achieve a liquid metal-nano sized reinforcement mixture. The liquid metal-nano sized reinforcement mixture is ultrasonically processed at a temperature above the liquidus temperature by conducting ultrasonic vibrations to the liquid metal-nano sized reinforcement mixture along different directions at the same time.