Abstract: A cam follower for a ram of a metal can necker machine and a method of making the same. An outer ring has an outer ring bearing surface and an exterior surface defining a groove extending along at least a portion thereof. An inner ring is coaxially in the outer ring and has an inner ring bearing surface. A plurality of rolling elements is disposed in an annular cavity between the outer ring bearing surface and the inner ring bearing surface. The plurality of rolling elements are in rolling engagement with the outer ring bearing surface and the inner ring bearing surface so that the outer ring is rotatable relative to the inner ring about an axis of rotation. A least a portion of the tire is disposed in the groove to inhibit axial movement of the tire relative to the outer ring.

Abstract: A shaft damper of a transmission is provided to improve an NVH characteristic such as rattle noise of a transmission by effectively reducing target resonance as a problem in whole rpm ranges by adding a structure to minimize one resonance and additionally reduce the resonance with respect the other resonance between two resonances while converting the target resonance as the problem into two divided resonances by mounting a structure which applies inertia to an input shaft or an output shaft, a counter shaft, or a PTO shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: The link for an aircraft comprises at least two portions respectively made of metal and of composite material together forming a common section of a middle segment of the link in a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the link.

Abstract: A gear arrangement including a first gear arranged to rotate about a first longitudinal axis and including a first plurality of gear teeth, and a first portion including a first surface and a second gear arranged to rotate about a second longitudinal axis and including a second plurality of gear teeth, and a second portion including a second surface. The first surface and the second surface are arranged to abut one another and restrict relative non-rotational movement of the first gear and the second gear.

Abstract: A drive unit for rotating a first rotary member and a second rotary member disposed around the first rotary member includes a drive source, an output gear driven by the drive source, a first gear greater in diameter than the output gear and configured to engage the output gear, a first joint member projecting from the first gear coaxially and coupled to the first rotary member, a second gear smaller in diameter than the first gear and connected between the first gear and the first joint member, a driven gear smaller in diameter than the first gear and disposed within an area of the first gear in a radial direction thereof to engage the second gear to be driven thereby, and a second joint member projecting from the driven gear coaxially and connected to the second rotary member.

Abstract: A plasma system including a plasma source or torch such as an ICP torch acting on a granulated feed material containing a desired product is presented. Methods for employing the system are described including a process for extracting the desired product from a reaction in the plasma system, recovery of otherwise wasted heat energy, and separation of useful materials from mixed mineral substances is discussed.

Abstract: A plasma separator and mass filter system is described. In some aspects the system is designed and configured to cause a plasma in a vacuum chamber and to move charged particles therein axially and circumferentially towards one or more sets of collectors. Waste material is ejected from the system while the one or more collectors yield one or more corresponding products.

Abstract: A process for producing hot metal includes partially reducing granular raw materials containing iron oxide with a carbonaceous reducing agent in a fluidized bed reactor at a temperature of at least 850° C. so as to obtain a reduced mixture. The reduced mixture is cooled to between 600° C. and 800° C. in a heat exchanger apparatus using a preheated process gas as a cooling medium that is preheated to between 300° C. and 500° C. before being introduced into the heat exchanger apparatus. The reduced mixture is then supplied to a smelting reduction unit via a discharge system.

Abstract: A device for producing granular metal iron by placing a mass of a raw material mixture comprising a substance containing iron oxide and a carbonaceous reducing agent onto a heath of a moving heath type heating furnace and heating the mass to reduce iron oxide in the mass, thereby producing the granular metal iron. The device comprises, in addition to the moving heath type heating furnace, a sieving machine, a first magnetic separator and a second magnetic separator, and also comprises a passage through which a discharged substance from the moving heath type heating furnace is supplied to the sieving machine, a passage through which crude granules that have been sieved by the sieving machine are supplied to the first magnetic separator, and a passage through which fine granules that have been sieved by the sieving machine are supplied to the second magnetic separator.

Abstract: A functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide material produced via heat treating a sintered cemented tungsten carbide is disclosed and described. The heat treating process comprises at least a step that heats the sintered material to the multi-phase temperature range in which multiple phases including solid tungsten carbide, liquid metal binder, and solid metal binder coexist. Additionally, the material, after the heat treating process comprises a surface layer with lower metal binder content than the nominal value of metal binder content of the bulk of the material. The material is used to make tools for rock drilling, machining of metal alloys, and machining of non-metallic materials. The material can also be used to make engineered wear parts that are used in mechanical systems and applications where wear resistance is required or desired.

Abstract: A method of producing a brass is disclosed. The alloy contains trace amounts of iron, manganese or aluminum. Phosphorous is added to a zinc, copper melt and combined with the iron, manganese and aluminum to form intermetallics. Additional phosphorous is added so the melt contains between about 0.08 to 0.15% phosphorous. A low lead brass alloy is provided. The alloy has tin in the range of 0.15% to 0.35%.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide new methods of rhenium recovery. The methods can include subjecting a metal-bearing solution to an activated carbon bed, and adsorbing rhenium onto the activated carbon. The methods can also include heating a basic aqueous elution solution and eluting the rhenium from the activated carbon with the heated elution solution. The methods can also incorporate an ion exchange as a rhenium recovery apparatus.

Abstract: A device, and a method of making the device, having a blank having a rigid handle at a proximal end and a flexible operative end at a distal end are described. The rigid handle and the flexible operative end are joined to each other such that the flexible operative end is configured to be in an arced position when at rest and unopposed, and to resiliently flex to a substantially straight position when opposed. The rigid handle and the flexible operative end may be joined to each other between a pivot point and a proximal end of the device. The device may form hybrid scissors or hybrid forceps.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for making components includes: providing at least one of a prealloyed powder of a composition of Ni—Ti in the range of Ni-36Ti to Ni-45Ti or a mix of powders that forms a composition of Ni—Ti in the range of Ni-36Ti to Ni-45Ti; loading at least one of the prealloyed powder and the mix powders into a container; hot isostatically pressing (HIP) the container to full density to obtain a compact; rolling the compact in a mill with multiple passes to produce a sheet or other mill form material; and cutting blanks for the components from the sheet material to produce a component blank.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously forming multiple flutes in a carbide rotary cutting tool includes a chuck adapted to grasp a green rod member and selectively rotate the green rod member about, and translate the green rod member along, a first axis. The system further includes a mechanism adapted to simultaneously machine multiple flutes in the green rod member as the green rod member is rotated about, and translated along, the first axis.

Abstract: A holder for fasteners is provided. The holder includes a first body having a first portion and a second portion. The second portion extends from one end of the first portion. A second body is rotationally coupled to the first body, the second body having a third portion arranged adjacent the first portion and fourth portion. The fourth portion extends from one end of the third portion adjacent the second portion, the first portion and the third portion defining a gap. A magnetic member is coupled to the first body adjacent the second body.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a first clamping mechanism having a first hollow portion that includes a first gripping die portion disposed therein and a second hollow portion that includes a second gripping die portion disposed therein such that a first well drilling component is positioned therebetween; a wedge-shaped plate positioned above the first clamping mechanism and including a first end having a notch formed therein and a second arcuate end having gear teeth formed therein; a second clamping mechanism supported by the wedge-shaped plate and including a first hollow portion having a first gripping die portion disposed therein and a second hollow portion having a second gripping die portion disposed therein such that a second well drilling component is positioned therebetween; and a drive mechanism. Operation of the drive mechanism rotates the wedge-shaped plate and the second clamping mechanism through about a 90° range of motion.

Abstract: A breakout tool including a breakout tong adapted to grip a first one of the two components of a drill string. The breakout tool can be used for breaking out the two components of a drill string whilst a second one of the two components is held stationary. The breakout tong includes a first jaw and a second jaw, with the second jaw pivotally coupled to the first jaw at a first pivot point. A small hydraulic cylinder is provided in the breakout tong for forcing the second jaw to pivot about the first pivot point when it is activated wherein, in use, the first drill string component can be gripped between the second jaw and the first jaw. A main hydraulic cylinder is adapted to be mounted on the drill rig, and which is mechanically coupled to the breakout tong for applying a torque to the breakout tong. In use, the two components of the drill string can be broken apart by the breakout tong gripping the first drill string component and applying a torque thereto via the main hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a handle, a ratchet wheel rotatably mounted in a head of the handle, a direction controller pivotally mounted in the head of the handle, and a pawl connected with the direction controller and engaged with the ratchet wheel. An O-ring is provided between the wall of a pivot hole of the handle head and the direction controller, such that the ratchet wrench is water and duct resistant so as to prevent the internal parts of the ratchet wrench from damage due to corrosion.

Abstract: The open end ratchet wrench is comprised of high tolerance metal, which is made of two sections a said open end and said bar. The said open end ratchet wrench resembles a conventional wrench with the exception of a ratcheting mechanism in the open end. The first section of the open end has anti-slip jaws, also has a magnet inside of it, also a high tolerance said semi metal gear below the magnet. The open end has said tracks inside, below the gear. The second section of the open end ratchet is the bar, which has two high tolerance said rods at the top with high tolerance said roller on each end. The said bar also has inside of it a high tolerance metal gear arm at the top. There's a toggle switch that is pressed into the gear arm. Here's an innovative tool.

Abstract: A wrench for a valve includes an elongated member having a first end portion and a second end portion. A first leg and a second leg are attached to the first end portion. The first leg and the second leg extend at an angle with respect to each other to form a gap therebetween. The first leg and second leg both having an inner surface for engaging with an outer surface of a bonnet and both legs having a front surface for engaging with a side surface of a rib attached to the outer surface of the bonnet. The wrench also including a handle attached to the second end portion.

Abstract: A multiple-link tool assembly includes an elongated handle, an exchangeable extension link, and an exchangeable tool link. The exchangeable extension link has a first connecting end removably linked to the handle, and a second connecting end defining a sectioned cavity. The sectioned cavity includes an internally serrated cavity section and a non-serrated cavity section. An adjustable geometric connector having an externally serrated base is received and retained within the sectioned cavity. A spring is located within the non-serrated cavity section, and is adapted for normally urging the externally serrated base of the geometric connector into the internally serrated cavity section. The exchangeable tool link has a proximal end removably joined to the geometric connector of the extension link, and a fastener-engaging distal end adapted for engaging a threaded fastener.

Abstract: A ratchetable open-ended wrench includes a handle for a hand to grasp, a wrench head located on one end of the handle, and a fastener room located in the wrench head for accommodating a workpiece to be rotated. The wrench head further includes a first jaw having a first driving wall, a second jaw having a second driving wall facing the first driving wall, an inner wall extending from the second driving wall into the second jaw, a concavity, an auxiliary jaw retracting opening, an auxiliary jaw capable of longitudinally sliding into the auxiliary jaw retracting opening in an elastic way, and an auxiliary jaw limiting member coupled to a limiting slot. The auxiliary jaw further includes an exterior end having a pillow in contact with the driving wall and a pushing surface for working together with the first jaw to grip the workpiece under operation, an interior end, and a limiting slot.

Abstract: A quick change tool and the method for using it are disclosed. The tool is configured to enable a user to select between multiple head types within the same tool without the need to physically remove the head from the hand tool. The tool may comprise a work member having more than one head configuration thereon, which is rotatably coupled to a shaft, and a sleeve that is axially movable relative to the shaft. As the sleeve is moved axially relative to the shaft, a biasing member on the sleeve engages the work member causing it to be rotated upon the shaft to alternatively position one or the other of at least two functional heads of the work member to be placed into a working position of the tool.

Abstract: A screw driver for a screw having a drive socket having an axially extending shaft with a bifurcated tip, the tip having a cross-sectional profile for insertion into a cross-sectional profile of the screw socket. The shaft has a tapered section adjacent the bifurcated tip. A bushing is mounted on an outer surface of the shaft for axial movement therealong. The bushing has inwardly extending protrusions for engaging the tapered section on the shaft upon movement in the axial direction along the shaft in a direction away from the tip. This allows the selective capture or release of the screw by the shaft tip by axial movement of the bushing away from and towards the shaft distal tip.

Abstract: A method for fastening a tool handle to a tool shaft includes the following steps. First, providing a tool shaft comprising an elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end. Next, providing a tool handle comprising a distal end, a proximal end and a socket formed at the distal end. Next, inserting the proximal end of the tool shaft into the socket of the tool handle, and then staking the proximal end of the tool shaft to the tool handle from two opposite directions.

Abstract: An apparatus a circular blade device to produce consistent separated portions of a product to produce a severed portion, pulled and/or shredded product from cooked meat items or other food products as well as a more consistent sized crumble with precooked sausage based items.

Abstract: Machine for the preparation of pieces of an oval or spherical fruit, such as a melon or watermelon, comprising: a first cutting station (10), predisposed to cut a fruit (100) into round portions (101) along parallel planes; a second cutting station (20), with two or more shaped blades (21a, b,c) predisposed to cut the round portions (101) into prismatic fragments; a sorting device (40), predisposed to detect a diameter of said round portions (101) and to assign each round portion (101) to a shaped blade (21a,b,c), selected on the basis of the diameter of the round portion.

Abstract: A food processing dicing method and assembly is disclosed. The food processing dicing assembly may comprise a dicing element having multiple dicing openings through which food may pass, a frame configured to selectively retain the dicing element, and a management tool having multiple projections sized to be received by the dicing openings, the management tool may include at least one coupling element for releasably coupling the management tool to at least one of the dicing element and the frame.

Abstract: A rotary cutter system for cutting a web of material being feed into the rotary cutter at a press speed that includes a cutting cylinder, an anvil cylinder and a servo motor. The rotary cutter includes a controller that controls the speed of rotations of the cylinders. Control of the speed of cutting and anvil cylinders allows for the adjustment of the cut length of the material without having to adjust the position of knives in the cutting cylinder.

Abstract: A system for the destruction of media discs includes a box-shaped carrier, dimensioned to receive at least one stack of media discs, with two opposing end walls in each of which is defined at least one slot such that each slot aligns with a corresponding slot in the opposite end wall forming at least one lane where the stack of media discs is disposed within the carrier aligned with the lane. The system also includes a saw table configured to receive the carrier and one least one rotating saw blade mounted above the saw table and aligned with the lane of said carrier.

Abstract: A rotary cutter mechanism includes a rotary blade which is rotatably provided around a shaft center and which includes a first cutting edge portion, a counter blade which is provided to face a locus drawn by the first cutting edge portion of the rotating rotary blade and which includes a second cutting edge portion, and a protruding member which is provided on the edge portion of the rotary blade on the first direction side and which protrudes from the rotary blade toward a rotation direction side, the rotation direction side being a side on which the rotary blade faces the object to be cut in a case where the object to be cut is cut between the first cutting edge portion and the second cutting edge portion.

Abstract: A punch tip design configured to be universal in its application with wide varieties of punch assemblies, and various punch body designs from which universal application of the punch tip is exemplified. In some cases, ancillary components used with the various punch body designs enhance ease by which the operator can selectively manipulate the same for alternately securing or releasing the punch tip.

Abstract: A portable cutting-guidance apparatus is used with a portable, hand-holdable power saw (20) to make an angle-cut in an object at a variably selected angle. A positioning device (300) is positioned motionless against the object being cut. The saw (20) travels on and along a cutting-guide (100) in a straight line. The linear cutting-guide 100 is pivotally connected to the positioning device 300 about a pivot point (400). The linear cutting guide (100) can be adjustably fastened to the positioning means (300) at a variably selected angle. The apparatus is able to be configured to have, as alternatives, either a right-hand and left-hand portable power saw attached for use with the apparatus.

Abstract: In response to an operation of a key, a drive signal indicating a sound waveform corresponding to the key is supplied to an excitation unit provided on a soundboard. The soundboard is vibrated in response to a mechanical vibration generated by the excitation unit and generates an actively-vibrated-soundboard sound as well as an acoustic effect generated by propagation of the vibration of the soundboard to a string. The excitation unit has a voice coil excited by the drive signal. The length of the voice coil is equal to or smaller than a sum of a magnetic path width (mw) of a magnetic path space and a double of a maximum deflection amount (sw) of the vibration member connected to the soundboard. In this way, an effective drive force for exciting the soundboard can be obtained and an enhanced responsiveness in a high frequency band can be obtained.

Abstract: A string depressing device is useable to fret at least one string of a stringed musical instrument. The string depressing device includes a frame that, when adjacent to a fingerboard of the stringed musical instrument, extends both along and across the fingerboard and above the strings. A plurality of protruding compressible resilient members extend from the frame toward the fingerboard. When the frame is pressed against the fingerboard, each protruding member sufficiently depresses an underlying string to fret that string. In an operative position, some of the protruding members are positioned over corresponding strings at desired positions along the fingerboard. A capo can be placed around the neck of the stringed instrument and over the frame to press the frame towards the fingerboard. This presses at least some protruding members against corresponding strings, and effectively frets those strings against the fingerboard at the desired positions to form a musical chord.

Abstract: An apparatus for tuning a stringed musical instrument is provided. The apparatus includes a saddle configured for receivably engaging one of the ends of the string, a fastener extending through a support and into the saddle, and a lug received by the fastener in abutting relationship to the support and configured for rotational movement about the fastener to translate the fastener and the saddle to alter the length of the string.

Abstract: An example computer of an information processing apparatus that reproduces music composed of one or more tracks is caused to function as: a reproduction section configured to reproduce the music; a meter change section configured to change the meter for reproduction of the music, while the reproduction section is reproducing the music; and a determination section configured to, based on the meter that has been changed, repeatedly determine whether or not to cause the reproduction section to reproduce the next beat supposed to be reproduced in a bar of the music that is currently being reproduced. The reproduction section reproduces the music, based on the result of the determination by the determination section.

Abstract: A synthetic guitar includes a body, a neck extending from the body, and at least one touch sensor at the neck for indicating finger position of a user. The body has a receptacle for removably securing a tablet computer to the body. The tablet computer has a touch screen for indicating finger position of the user. A processor of the tablet computer is programmed to receive input signals from the touch sensor and the touch screen and to produce an output signal based at least partially on the input signals. The software can enable the synthetic guitar to be used as a music synthesizer or to be used as a video game controller. synthetic guitar can also include a retainer for removably securing a portable media player to be used as an additional video display while playing the guitar.

Abstract: Embodiments of an electronic instrument simulating a percussion instrument using capacitive touch sensitive sensors are described herein. Embodiments described comprise an art layer, a sensor layer, a shielding layer, an electronics package and a speaker. The art layer has depictions of one or more percussion instruments. The sensor layer is deposed under the art layer. The sensor layer has one or more instrument sensors, each comprising one or more capacitive touch sensors. Instrument sensors are positioned underneath one of the depicted percussion instruments in the art layer so that a finger tapping the depicted instrument will trigger the sensor. The capacitive touch sensors are electrically connected to the electronics package configured to detect changes in capacitance when a particular capacitive touch sensor is touched, causing the electronics package to play on the speaker a sound sample of an percussion instrument associated with that capacitive touch sensor.

Abstract: A computerized musical percussion instrument is disclosed. Markers carried by the musician are observed by an imager to produce a series of two dimensional images over the time of the performance. A processor receives the images and distinguishes between markers (e.g. left hand, right hand) by comparing the position and size of unidentified markers in the current image to the position and size of identified markers in preceding images. The processor analyses each markers' movements and detects a drum hit when a marker undergoes a sharp reversal of its motion direction after reaching sufficient speed. The processor determines which drum the musician intends to hit by comparing the position and size of the marker at the instant of the hit to the position and size attributes of each drum. The processor outputs an audio signal for each hit, corresponding to the drum hit, with a volume determined by marker speed.

Abstract: This invention introduces several methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling musician audio effects or musical instruments wirelessly from the performer's footwear. In one embodiment, the performer's foot motions are monitored using a motion detection device and compared against a set of criteria by a microprocessor to activate or deactivate one or more audio effects that are ready or “armed.” Once the foot controller is activated, a radio transmits sampled foot pressure that is used by the Base Unit to modulate all armed audio effects capable of being modulated. Tactile feedback is provided in the footwear as a means to confirm system status changes.

Abstract: There is proposed a system for managing fire of snipers, including a central station (CS) and a plurality of N individual kits (IK), each operated by one sniper. Preferably, the IK includes: --a rifle, --an optical sight (OS) mounted on the rifle with a mechanism for correction of the OS, --equipment including devices activating the rifle's firing pin; --a laser target designator having an axis coinciding with the OS axis, satellite navigation receiver (SNR), video-camera, symbol generator, adding device summarizing output signals, readiness sensor installed on the rifle's trigger, command decoder; zoom-lens actuator; electronic switches controlling the zoom-lens actuator, laser rangefinder; commutator receiving output signals from the laser rangefinder and SNR, and radio-modem module (IK-RM) provided with a two-way communication with the CS furnished with certain devices specified therein.

Abstract: Explosive carrier end plates for charge-carriers utilized in guns for the perforation of petroleum producing wells. Each gun is mounted coupled vertically with similar guns inside the casing of the well, and each gun is a hollow cylinder in the interior of which there is a corresponding tubular carrier that has multiple peripheral mountings for a radial placement of the shaped-charges. The carrier is mounted in the gun by means of a top insulating end plate that has a retractable electrical spring contact capable of pushing upwards, and a bottom insulating end plate. The end plates have a centering clip for anchoring in a respective window of the cylindrical wall of the carrier. Both end plates have a single removable insert axially fitted between two tubular inserts, which present reciprocal guiding and positioning means for a pin keyway slot to enable mounting with the end plate.

Abstract: An actuation system includes a bolt carrier assembly configured for use within a firearm, the bolt carrier assembly including a firing pin configured for striking a chambered round. A hammer assembly is configured for striking the firing pin of the bolt carrier assembly. An auto sear assembly is configured to actuate the hammer assembly during operation of the firearm. A linkage assembly is configured to couple the bolt carrier assembly and the auto sear assembly and effectuate the auto sear assembly actuating the hammer assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for compressing and expanding a gas includes a chamber (22), a positive displacement device (24) moveable relative thereto, first and second valves (26, 28) activatable to control flow of gas into and out of the chamber (22) and a controller (80) for controlling activation of the valves (26, 28) that selectively switches operation between a compression and an expansion mode with selective switching between modes being achieved by selectively changing the activation timing of at least one of the valves during the first mode. An energy storage system including the device may be operatively coupled via a rotary device for power transmission to an input/output device, whereby the direction and speed of rotation are preserved during switching, and the input/output device may be synchronised to the grid.

Abstract: A rotating cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston, a piston shaft assembly, a main body and a guiding assembly. The cylinder body defines a receiving chamber. The piston, the piston shaft assembly, the main body and the guiding assembly are received in the receiving chamber. The piston shaft assembly is fixed to the piston, and defines at least one guiding groove lengthwise thereof. Each guiding groove includes a spiral portion and an extending portion. The main shaft is non-rotatably connected to the piston shaft assembly away from the piston and exposed out of the cylinder body. The guiding assembly sleeves on the piston shaft assembly and is slidably connected with the at least one guiding groove. The main shaft is driven to rotate when the guiding assembly engages the spiral portion, and move lengthwise when the guiding assembly is slidably connected with the extending portion.

Abstract: RAPPs comprise a housing, a swash plate with an inclined surface, and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent the swash plate. The swash plate and/or the inclined surface are ceramic. The rotor assembly comprises a rotor-drum having at least one cylinder bore having a piston disposed therein, wherein the piston has a ball-shaped end. A slipper is interposed between the swash plate and the rotor-drum, and includes a socket joint for accommodating the piston ball-shaped end therein. A plastic material may be disposed within the socket joint. The slipper has a ceramic interface surface in contact with the inclined surface. A stator plate is positioned in the housing, and a rotor plate is interposed between the stator plate and the rotor-drum. The stator plate has a ceramic interface surface in contact with the rotor plate. The rotor plate has a ceramic interface surface in contact with the stator plate.

Abstract: A device for degassing aqueous media has a first container containing medium to be degassed. A first line connects the first container to a degassing module and a second line connects the degassing module to a second container for receiving the degassed medium. A first non-return valve in the first line prevents backflow from the degassing module to the first container. A hydrophilic membrane in the second line prevents the passage of gas, and a branch between the degassing module and the hydrophilic membrane has a hydrophobic degassing filter for letting out gas. A third line is connected to the first line between the first container and the first non-return valve and to the second line between the second container and the hydrophilic membrane. A second non-return valve in the third line between the first non-return valve and the hydrophilic membrane prevents a flow towards the second container.

Abstract: A modular and compact adsorbent bed structure is disclosed for use in an adsorption-based gas separation plant. The conventional adsorbent bed in a gas separation plant is replaced with a plurality of modular adsorbent bed units connected to make the adsorbent bed structure. The modular design requires lower fabrication and maintenance costs; is easier to transport; and is easier to load with adsorbent material.