Abstract: A vacuum deposition device includes a coating chamber. The coating chamber defines a top wall and a bottom wall. A cooling device is defined in the top or bottom wall. The cooling device includes a cooling runner formed in the top or bottom wall defining the cooling device.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-film forming apparatus including a substrate holder stock chamber for storing a plurality of substrate holders separately from a path in the multi-film forming apparatus, so that production can be performed without being affected by the process of removing a film accumulated on the surface of the substrate holder and the process of replacing the substrate holder, or by the process of removing a film accumulated on the surface of the substrate holder or the process of replacing the substrate holder, and hence high-throughput production is possible. A branch path is provided on the path of the multi-film forming apparatus, and a substrate holder stock chamber for storing a plurality of substrate holders which enables retrieval of the substrate holder from the path and feeding of the substrate holder to the path is provided.

Abstract: A relief print master is created by a printhead that moves in a slow scan direction. The nozzles of the printhead jet droplets of a polymerisable liquid on a rotating drum. The different nozzles jet droplets simultaneously on different layers that have different diameters. As a result, the droplets jetted by different nozzles travel over different distances before landing. The effect of this is that the droplets undergo different position lag as they land on the different layers. By rotating the printhead in a plane that is orthogonal to the jetting direction this effect can be compensated for.

Abstract: A deposition mask includes a mask main body and a coating layer. The mask main body includes a plurality of slits penetrating the mask main body. The coating layer is coated on an entire surface of the mask main body. The coating layer is made of a material different from a material of the main body, and it has a magnetic force stronger than that of the main body. Each of the slits has an open area, and a thickness of the coating layer controls a width of the open area. A photolithography process is used to form the plurality of slits.

Abstract: A material deposition system for depositing materials on an electronic substrate with a material deposition system is disclosed. The deposition system includes a frame, a gantry system coupled to the frame, a deposition head coupled to the gantry system and configured to deposit dots of low viscous and semi-viscous material on the electronic substrate, and a controller configured to control the operation of the material deposition system, including the operation of the gantry system and the deposition head. The system is capable of depositing a line or a pattern of material on the electronic substrate by moving the deposition head along an axis of motion that is substantially non-parallel to a direction of the line or pattern. Other deposition systems and methods are further disclosed.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the thickness of a coating material layer of a running strip according to which, by means of an eddy current sensor for at least one area of the strip, a quantity is measured, representative of the thickness of the coating layer and the thickness of the coating layer is determined from the measured quantity and from at least one calibration value. The measurement made with an eddy current sensor comprises the measurement of the complex impedance of a coil facing the running strip for a low excitation frequency and a high excitation frequency and the elaboration of a quantity representative of the thickness of the coating layer from said complex impedance measurements. A device for applying the method and a coating installation equipped with the device.

Abstract: An exhaust opening of a process chamber (12) contained in a vacuum chamber (11) is connected to an exhaust line (13) by a connector comprising a bellows (03) with one end which is connected to the exhaust line (13) fixed to a housing and its opposite end carrying a coupling tube (02) for connecting to a coupling ring (01) which surrounds the exhaust opening, the coupling tube (02) being elastically biased towards the same. The coupling tube (02) can be moved between a connected state where it is in contact with the coupling ring (01) and a disconnected state by an actuator reciprocatable in an axial direction perpendicular to the exhaust opening. To enable a gas-tight connection with the process chamber (12) the coupling tube (02) has lateral play such that it can align with the coupling ring (01) when a conical surface of the coupling tube (02) contacts a complementary conical surface on the coupling ring (01) in the connected state.

Abstract: A plasma CVD apparatus capable of preventing unnecessary deposition on a supplying portion of a source gas so as to suppress generation of flakes, and thereby depositing a CVD coating excellent in quality is provided. This plasma CVD apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump system for vacuuming an interior of the vacuum chamber, a deposition roller around which a substrate is wound, the deposition roller being provided in the vacuum chamber, a gas supplying portion for supplying the source gas to the interior of the vacuum chamber, and a plasma power supply for forming a plasma generating region in the vicinity of a surface of the deposition roller and thereby depositing a coating on the substrate. The gas supplying portion is provided in a plasma non-generating region positioned on the opposite side of the plasma generating region with respect to the deposition roller.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present invention can be used to charge a charge-holding layer (such as a passivation layer and/or antireflective layer) of a solar cell with a positive or negative charge as desired. The charge-holding layer(s) of such a cell can include any suitable dielectric material capable of holding either a negative or a positive charge, and can be charged at any suitable point during manufacture of the cell, including during or after deposition of the passivation layer(s).

Abstract: An embodiment of this invention provides a gas preheating system for heating one or more gases used in a chemical vapor deposition. The preheating system comprises a heating module and a delivery module. The delivery module is used for passing the one or more gases, and the heating module is configured to heat the one or more gases indirectly via the delivery module.

Abstract: A processing chamber is provided. The processing chamber includes a lid having a plurality of valves affixed thereto, the plurality of valves operable to enable process gases to flow into the chamber. The chamber includes a bottom portion, where the bottom portion includes a base and side walls extending from the base. A surface of the base is configured to support a substrate. A showerhead is affixed to a bottom surface of the lid. A bottom surface of the showerhead is configured to include a central port for providing process gases into the chamber. The central port is surrounded by an annular pump channel. The annular pump channel is surrounded by an annular purge channel, where a first ridge separates the delivery region and the annular pump channel and a second ridge separates the annular pump channel and the annular purge channel.

Abstract: An edible animal food projectile is provided. The projectile is compatible for being launched from a launching apparatus such as a toy gun or the like. The projectile includes an edible body made from a starch-based material consisting essentially of an expanded starch. The edible body is formed into a predefined geometry operable to receive a launching force causing temporary flight of the projectile and having a first density. A payload is embedded on or within the edible body and the payload is formed from a material having a second density greater than the first density of the edible body. The payload can be food, medicine, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention is a bird feeder that includes a base with a perimeter surrounding a floor, the floor having a raised center portion and at least one sloping portion extending to the perimeter; an edge attached to and extending from the perimeter; a plurality of risers extending from the perimeter at least partly up the at least one sloping portion toward the raised center portion. The subject bird feeder also includes an outer shell having at least one outer wall and supported by the plurality of risers; an inner shell having at least one inner wall and shaped to fit closely inside the outer shell; and, a removable lid shaped to cover the top of the outer shell. The outer shell may include cutouts that extend through the walls. The inner shell may be transparent. The bird feeder may also include a cord to allow it to be hung.

Abstract: A cat litter containment enclosure system with four walls that locates a litter container at an elevated level preferably on a shelf where a cat enters the enclosure from a port in a front panel and hops or jumps to a second level for access to a litter container. The enclosure can contain a second pad located on the second level near the litter container so that the cat's paws are cleaned as the cat exits the enclosure. The top and front panel of the enclosure can be hinged for easy access for cleaning and/or inspection. Translucent vent holes can also be supplied on the enclosure for air and light. The pet can enter either from the front, or in other embodiments from the side of the enclosure.

Abstract: A pet waste management device includes a housing having upper and lower ends. The device includes a receiving bowl positioned in the housing, the bowl having an open upper end and a lower end having an outlet. A cover is situated upwardly adjacent the bowl upper end. A water outlet is positioned adjacent the bowl upper end to introduce water into the bowl. A supply line provides water to the water outlet. The device includes a first foot pedal configured to selectively allow water from the supply line to enter the bowl through the water outlet. A drain line is operatively coupled to the bowl lower end to drain contents of the bowl. The device includes a heating unit to prevent water from freezing, the heating unit including a resistive heating element and a thermostat and is in electrical communication with a power source.

Abstract: A cat litter box assembly having a base tray and an insert. The base tray has opposing side walls and a front wall. The front wall has a height less than the opposing side walls to define a partially open end of the base tray. The insert has a bottom wall and opposing side walls. The bottom wall has a plurality of openings formed in a portion thereof and a leading edge that extends between ends of the opposing side walls. The leading edge of the bottom wall and ends of the opposing side walls define an open end of the insert. The insert is insertable into the base tray through the partially open end of the base tray such that the leading edge of the insert engages and slides along the bottom wall of the base tray as the insert is inserted into the base tray.

Abstract: The invention is a herd management schema based upon the inventor's analysis of the natural history of bovine infection due to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) and related genomic variants and upon the ability of two distinct Map ELISA tests to sequentially or in parallel determine prior and current Map infection and evidence of active mycobacterium replication. Interpretation of the test results are integrated into sequential directives designed to enhance productive retention of infected animals as well as identify animals not previously infected. The sequential utilization of the data guidelines is developed to minimize the adverse economic impact.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pet grooming and pest killing device that comprises a handled comb having a working end comprising a plurality of comb tooth electrodes powered by a battery power supply within the handle of the device. The comb teeth employ an alternating configuration wherein adjacent teeth employ opposing polarity and the tips of the teeth are shrouded by a protective insulator. The spacing of the teeth is such that a tick or flea will become trapped between two teeth, allowing current to flow from one electrode to another through the pest and thus killing it upon contact. The ends of the teeth are insulated to prevent shocking of the pet during the combing process. In this way, pet hair can be tended to while also killing loose ticks, fleas and other pests within the pet's hair while grooming.

Abstract: A pet chew includes an outer layer; and an inner layer, the outer and inner layers being laminated and rolled into a cylindrical shape having knots at both ends, the outer layer including bone powder.

Abstract: An edible pet toy. The pet toy is used for introducing a nutrient, treatment, and/or supplement component that benefits the health of the pet. The toy is manufactured entirely from a compressed substance or with a shell and at least one inner material. The toy can be either totally edible or includes a shell that is inedible yet expels one or more inner materials while the pet compresses the toy in its mouth.

Abstract: An attachment and method for a fence system to prevent a pet from escaping a fenced comprising at least one first support member adapted to be attached substantially horizontally to at least a portion of the fence system, a plurality of second support members adapted to be attached substantially vertically to the at least one first support member, and a plurality of inserts adapted to be received within the plurality of second support members. Each of the plurality of inserts is capable of extending out of a lower portion of the each of the plurality of second support members upon digging the fenced area by the pet animal such that the extended plurality of inserts block the dug area to prevent the pet animal from escaping the fenced area.

Abstract: The present disclosure is for an adjustable leash that can quickly and easily be converted to a restraining harness that helps to inhibit the unwanted movement of the dog or other animal walking on the leash. In some embodiments, the leash is adjustable without the use of any tools and can be adapted to fit quadrupeds of a variety of sizes.

Abstract: An animal leash such as, for example, for dogs, may include an elongated flexible sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end of the sleeve is configured to be held by a hand of a user and includes an opening for accessing an interior pocket of the sleeve. A rigid rod may be removably received within the interior pocket of the flexible sleeve through the opening to optionally make the animal leash rigid for training and/or controlling an animal (e.g., a dog) releasably attached thereto. An attachment portion may be coupled at or near the distal end of the sleeve and may be configured to be releasably attached to a collar or harness on the animal.

Abstract: An animal leash is provided. The animal leash such as, for example, for dogs, may include a handle portion, a rigid rod, and an attachment portion. The handle portion may be configured to be held by a hand of a user. The rigid rod may extend along a longitudinal axis and may have a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end may be rigidly connected to the handle portion. An attachment portion may be coupled at or near the distal end of the rigid rod and configured to be removeably attached to a collar or harness on the animal.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of a steam generation system is provided. Fluid flow is channeled from at least one first boiler within at least one conduit. Fluid flow is added within the conduit from at least one second boiler. At least one operating condition within the first and second boilers is detected. A fluid pressure set point and/or a fluid temperature set point for each boiler is determined based on the operating condition detected for each boiler. A fluid pressure and/or a fluid temperature is maintained within the first and second boiler to be approximately equal to the fluid pressure set point and the fluid temperature set point for each boiler, respectively, prior to fluid flow being channeled and/or during the channeling of fluid flow from the first boiler and/or the second boiler within the conduit to a steam process and/or at least one steam turbine engine.

Abstract: An ancillary device for enhancing engine fuel combustion efficiency includes a pure water replenishable electrolytic bath and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell installed on an automobile. The electrolytic bath and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are electrically connection with an automobile battery The battery supplies electrical power to the electrolytic bath to electrolyze water replenished thereto into hydrogen and oxygen, which are fed through a first gas supply tube into an automobile fuel conduit to mix with fuel for being supplied with the fuel to an engine cylinder. The hydrogen and oxygen are also supplied through a second gas supply tube to the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell for chemical reaction that generates electrical power to charge the battery. The chemical reaction of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell generates a product of pure water that is supplied through a pure water tube to the electrolytic bath for circulative and cyclic use for electrolysis.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine with two intake valves for each cylinder is provided with a system for variable actuation of the intake valves, comprising a single solenoid valve for each cylinder that controls communication of the pressurized-fluid chamber of the system with an exhaust channel. The solenoid valve is a three-way, three-position solenoid valve, comprising an inlet permanently communicating with the pressurized-fluid chamber and with the hydraulic actuator of an intake valve, and two outlets communicating, respectively, with the actuator of the other intake valve and with said exhaust channel. The solenoid valve has a first position, in which the inlet communicates with both of the outlets, a second position, in which the inlet communicates only with the aforesaid outlet connected to the actuator of an intake valve and does not communicate, instead, with the outlet connected to the exhaust channel, and a third position, in which the inlet does not communicate with any of the two outlets.

Abstract: A vertical-type air-cooled OHV engine includes a valve operating system and has a shroud guiding cooling air, which is generated by a cooling fan driven by a crankshaft such that the cooling air flows in an up-down direction with respect to a cylinder head. Intake and exhaust valves are arranged respectively on opposite sides of a vertical plane that is parallel to an axis of the crankshaft and that includes an axis of a cylinder bore. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a vertical-type air-cooled OHV engine capable of evenly cooling both of intake and exhaust valves without changing a route of cooling air.

Abstract: In an auxiliary device mounting structure for mounting an auxiliary device (4) on a cylinder head (2), the auxiliary device such as a fuel injection pump is provided with a lower housing (42) attached to the cylinder head, and the upper housing (43) supporting the auxiliary device and attached to the lower housing so as to jointly form a housing chamber (48). An extension (51) of a camshaft (37) extends into the housing chamber, and is fitted with a cam (61) for actuating a plunger (86) of the auxiliary device. A radial bearing (53, 56) for the camshaft extension is integrally formed on the first housing at a position located more inward than the axial end of the cylinder head so that the cylinder head is not required to be formed with an axial extension, and is enabled to support the auxiliary device and a bearing for the camshaft extension in a highly stable manner.

Abstract: A first housing has a first concave portion that opposes to a vane rotor, and the first concave portion has an inside diameter larger than an inside diameter of a first through hole of the first housing. A boss part of the vane rotor has a first convex portion projected into the first concave portion. A reed valve is arranged between an end surface of the first convex portion and a bottom surface of the first concave portion, and has an outside diameter larger than the inside diameter of the first through hole.

Abstract: A camshaft support structure for an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head, a camshaft, a plurality of bearings, an auxiliary machine drive cam, an auxiliary machine, and a pulsar plate. The plurality of bearings include a terminal bearing supporting the camshaft to be rotatable with respect to the cylinder head about a rotational axis. The auxiliary machine has a plunger provided to be moved forward and backward by the auxiliary machine drive cam. The pulsar plate projects from the camshaft in a radial direction of the camshaft and is provided on an opposite side of the auxiliary machine drive cam with respect to the terminal bearing. The pulsar plate has a second surface facing the terminal bearing in the axial direction. Each of the first surface and the second surface is provided to slidably contact the terminal bearing.

Abstract: A detent structure for a rocker shaft includes a camshaft, a rocker shaft, a shaft support, and a detent part. The camshaft is provided at a cylinder head of an engine. The shaft support is provided at the cylinder head to support the rocker shaft and has a support surface supporting the rocker shaft. The detent part is to prevent rotation of the rocker shaft. The detent part includes a bolt insertion hole and a detent bolt. The bolt insertion hole is displaced from a central axis of the rocker shaft and passes through the rocker shaft. The detent bolt is provided in the bolt insertion hole and is fastened to the shaft support to pass across the support surface.

Abstract: A laser spark plug for an internal combustion engine includes at least one element for guiding, shaping and/or generating laser radiation, a combustion chamber window and a housing. The housing has, on the opposite side of the combustion chamber window from the element, an aperture for the passage of the laser radiation guided, shaped and/or generated by the element into a prechamber disposed at the end of the housing on the combustion chamber side. At least one overflow channel is provided for a fluid connection between an internal space of the prechamber and a combustion chamber surrounding the prechamber. When a fluid flows into the internal space of the prechamber through the overflow channel, a fluid flow is obtained that enters the interior of the aperture at a minimum angle ?, in particular measured with respect to the longitudinal axis of the laser spark plug, of 45°.

Abstract: An engine component seal assembly and method of sealing a coolant passage from an engine component are provided. The seal assembly includes a sealing sleeve sized and dimensioned to slip fit into an engine component mounting bore and a retaining ring sized and dimensioned to be axially inserted into the sleeve. The ring contacts the sleeve and applies a radial force sufficient to create an interference fit and to move or yield an interface portion of the sleeve radially outward into sealing abutment against a wall forming the mounting bore to create a secure and reliable annular fluid seal.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a starter system including a starter, capable of being in communication with an electronic control unit. The starter can include a motor coupled to a circuit and a pinion including a plunger, and a plurality of solenoid assemblies that includes a plurality of biasing members. The plurality of solenoid assemblies can include at least one solenoid winding capable of moving the plunger to move the pinion, and at least one solenoid assembly capable of controlling current flow to the motor. Some embodiments include a first switch coupled to the circuit. In some embodiments, the first switch is capable of being activated by the plunger to cause current to flow, or to prevent current flowing to at least a portion of the circuit.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a starter system including a starter, capable of being in communication with an electronic control unit. The starter can include a motor coupled to a circuit and a pinion including a plunger, and a plurality of solenoid assemblies including a plurality of biasing members. The plurality of solenoid assemblies can include at least one solenoid winding capable of moving the plunger, and at least one solenoid assembly capable of holding the plunger, and at least one solenoid assembly capable of controlling current flow to the motor. Some embodiments include a first switch coupled to the circuit that is capable of being activated by the plunger to control current flowing to at least a portion of the circuit. Some embodiments include at least two power isolation switches capable of controlling a current flow within the circuit.

Abstract: The present model describes the technical field of parts for the automobile sector, more specifically a device applied in the starter unit that constantly works geared to the main engine. The new model presents a start-up unit that works with a drive gear constantly engaged to the gear train of the main engine; a torque transmission system and free wheel (2) with rollers (5C) and cam (5A2); and a rubber damping system (8) to avoid damages to the start-up system when the combustion engine turns off due to kickback that is a characteristic present in all combustion and explosion engines.

Abstract: A balance shaft structure for offsetting a secondary unbalance force due to a crankshaft of an engine may include a plurality of balance shafts rotating with the crankshaft, and a balance weight formed on a circumferential surface of each corresponding balance shaft and offsetting the secondary unbalance force, wherein the balance shafts may be disposed at the left and right of the crankshaft respectively and symmetric with respect to a longitudinal axis of the crankshaft, and disposed to be biased at a front part or a rear part of the engine, such that the center of weight may be offset by the center of weight of the engine, and a moment balance weight formed to each corresponding balance shaft and offsetting a pitch moment of the crankshaft generated by offsetting.

Abstract: A cylinder liner (1) of a reciprocating engine, the cylinder liner (2) having an inner surface (3) acting as a running surface (4) for piston rings (5), which running surface (4) comprises an upper portion (U) and a lower portion (L). The upper portion (U)includes at least a top dead centre region of a topmost piston ring (5). Only the upper portion (U) of the running surface (4) is provided with a coating(7) of metal matrix composite reinforced with ceramic particles.

Abstract: A piston and method of construction are provided. The piston includes a piston body having an upper combustion surface configured for direct exposure to combustion gases within a cylinder bore with an undercrown surface located beneath the upper combustion surface. The piston body also includes a ring belt region configured for receipt of at least one piston ring adjacent the upper combustion surface with a cooling gallery configured radially inwardly and in substantial radial alignment with the ring belt region. The piston further includes a non-stick coating material bonded to at least one of the undercrown surface and at least a portion of the cooling gallery, wherein the non-stick coating material inhibits the build-up of carbon deposits thereon.

Abstract: A method for producing a cooling channel system for an internal combustion engine, which has a cooling channel in the piston crown. The piston crown is adjoined by a lower piston part having a piston boss, pin bores and piston skirts. Firstly, a piston blank having a peripheral collar projecting radially in the region of the piston crown is produced, wherein the collar, forming a subsequent ring zone wall is then reshaped and, in a transition area between the piston crown and the lower piston part, a contact area for the collar is formed, and the collar is reshaped in such a way until the outer radially peripheral edge comes very close to or completely into contact with the contact area in order to form a closed cooling channel. Following the reshaping, the end region of the ring zone wall forms a defined gap (X) with respect to the upper edge of the piston skirt.

Abstract: A cover structure, for an internal combustion engine, that can inhibit lubricating oil from remaining at a protrusion portion is provided. The cover structure for an engine includes a chain case that covers a timing train mechanism, and a timing train chamber is formed between the chain case and the engine main body. The chain case includes bolt insertion holes provided at side marginal portions and directed toward the engine main body, a variable-valve boss portion and a second-oil-path boss portion that protrude from a wall portion toward the engine main body and form a recessed portion where lubricating oil for lubricating the timing train mechanism remains, and a first rib that is protruding from the wall portion toward the engine main body and provided upper than at least the recessed portion.

Abstract: A bearing holding portion supporting a crankshaft in a manner to rotate freely via a bearing and fittingly holding the bearing is formed in a crankcase. A second cross section passing through a crankshaft axis line and along an orthogonal direction to a cylinder axis line is set to have a larger cross-sectional area than a first cross section passing through the crankshaft axis line and along a direction of the cylinder axis line in the bearing holding portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having combustion chambers that rotate about a main shaft axis in a step-wise manner. A first and second rotors each have elongate pistons that are interdigitated so that when one rotor rotates with respect to the other rotor, some chambers between the interdigitated pistons are reduced in volume and other chambers are increased in volume. Respective one-way bearings connect the first and second rotors to the main shaft to incrementally rotate it. Fuel mixture and exhaust apparatus is connected to one end of the engine to feed a fuel mixture to the increasing-volume chambers and extract the exhaust from other decreasing-volume chambers. At the same time, yet other chambers are experiencing compression and ignition cycles. An oil pump is driven by the first and second rotors for circulating a lubricant from a reservoir, through the engine parts to be lubricated and then back to the reservoir to cool the lubricant.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes a cylinder, a piston, a spark plug, and a fuel injection device. The piston includes a top surface, a guiding protrusion, and a cavity. The cavity is provided at a position closer to the fuel injection device than the guiding protrusion when viewed from above the top surface of the piston. The guiding protrusion includes a guiding surface to guide the fuel mist toward the spark plug when the fuel mist is injected from the fuel injection device at a first predetermined timing in a compression stroke. The cavity includes a guiding wall portion to guide the fuel mist toward the spark plug when the fuel mist is injected from the fuel injection device at a timing in the compression stroke between the first predetermined timing and a second predetermined timing.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine includes a cylinder, a piston, a spark plug, and a fuel injection valve. The piston includes a top surface and a cavity provided in the top surface. The cavity includes a bottom surface, a vertical wall, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall. The fuel injection valve includes a plurality of injection ports from which a plurality of fuel mists are to be obliquely injected toward the top surface of the piston in respectively different directions at a predetermined crank angle in a compression stroke. The cavity extends from a position close to a center of the piston toward the fuel injection valve when viewed from above the top surface of the piston. The first and second sidewalls extend toward the fuel injection valve when viewed from above the top surface of the piston.

Abstract: At least one donor cylinder is coupled to an intake manifold. The intake manifold is configured to feed a mixture of air and a first fuel, or a mixture of air, the first fuel, and a second fuel to the at least one donor cylinder. At least one non-donor cylinder is coupled to the intake manifold and an exhaust manifold. The intake manifold is further configured to feed air, or a mixture of air and the second fuel to the at least one non-donor cylinder. An exhaust channel extend from the at least one donor cylinder to the intake manifold for recirculating an exhaust emission from the at least one donor cylinder to the at least one donor, and non-donor cylinders via the intake manifold.

Abstract: A multiple throttle device of the invention employs a constitution in which, as a sensor section that detects the opening of throttle valves, a shaft member formed to have a different axis from a throttle shaft is positioned within the width L of a throttle body, and a throttle position sensor is disposed in the shaft member.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine at start-up, the engine having a fuel supply system. The invention also concerns a carburetor having a fuel supply system including a main fuel path connecting a diaphragm controlled regulating chamber to a main outlet in the region of the venturi section, the main fuel path including an actively controlled fuel valve, and an idling fuel path branching off from the main fuel path downstream of the valve and ending in at least one idling outlet in the region of a throttle valve, the fuel supply system further including a start fuel line starting upstream or downstream of the fuel valve and ending in at least one start fuel outlet to the intake channel.

Abstract: A hydro-carbon injection supply unit includes a fuel filter including a damping head which reduces a high fuel pulsation pressure generated in a cylinder head through an inner circulation path along of the fuel, and an HCI part for receiving the fuel discharged from the fuel filter whose pulsation pressure has been reduced and injecting the fuel to an exhaust manifold at a front end of a catalyst. Accordingly, even if a fuel pulsation pressure exceeding a design value is generated in the cylinder head, the HCI part is not influenced at all.