Abstract: A sensor control circuit unit (1) includes a circuit board (70) which has opposite sides (70a) and (70b) facing in parallel with each other, and carries a signal detection circuit (28) for receiving a detection signal whose level is equal to or less than one ?A and which changes in accordance with NOX concentration, a power supply circuit (35), and a heater circuit (40) for controlling a heater. The power supply circuit (35) and the heater circuit (40) are mounted on one side of the circuit board (70) toward one side (70a) of the opposite sides, and the signal detection circuit (28) is mounted in a mounting area on the other side of the circuit board (70) toward the other side (70b) of the opposite sides, the mounting area being different from a mounting area of the circuits (35) and (40).

Abstract: A chromatographic measurement apparatus for measuring a color development state of an insoluble carrier with a sample solution and a label solution developed thereon to test a test article, the insoluble carrier including a test detection area where a material that binds specifically to a test article is immobilized and a control detection area used for determining an end of measurement. The chromatographic measurement apparatus includes: a determining unit for carrying out determination of validity and determination of necessity of amplification of a test result of the test article; and an amplifying unit for amplifying the color development state according to the result of the determination of necessity of amplification by the determining unit. The amplification is carried out only when it is determined that amplification is necessary.

Abstract: A device for determination of solid particle concentration includes a primary diluter (6), a downstream heated evaporator (7), a secondary diluter (8) downstream of the evaporator (7) and a particle counter (5). The secondary diluter (8) is a porous tube diluter and is mounted between the outlet of the evaporator (7) and a stabilization chamber (14), from which the sample flow is diverted to the particle counter (5).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting presence of a target particulate of predetermined size (e.g., engine wear debris) in a fluid (e.g., an engine lubricant) by providing at least one pair of serially fluid-connected upstream test and downstream reference filtration elements in the fluid. At least the upstream test filtration element has a filtration size rating that is sufficient to remove a predetermined amount of the target particulate from the fluid. The differential pressure of the fluid may then be measured (e.g., by suitable pressure transducers) across each of the test and reference filtration elements. By comparing the differential pressure across the test filtration element to the differential pressure across reference filtration element, the presence of the target particulate in the fluid can thereby be detected by an increase in differential pressure across the test filtration element in comparison to the differential pressure across the reference filtration element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the contact angle and/or surface tension of a liquid on a solid surface is described. The method involves placing a fluid drop on a solid surface, and gradually increasing its volume by adding more fluid, while continuing to determine the corresponding increase in fluid height, until the drop attains maximum height beyond which additional fluid only increases the drop footprint and not height, and determining the equilibrium height and in turn the contact angle by means of an equation that correlates contact angle with depth below the fluid surface, together with the fluid surface tension and liquid density. The method may in turn be used to determine the fluid surface tension from the equilibrium height when the contact angle and density of the fluid are known.

Abstract: A method for detecting resonance in a rotor shaft of a turbine engine, in which a resonance frequency (Fr) of the rotor shaft belonging to a resonance band is centered on an estimated resonance frequency (Frest), is disclosed. The method including: measuring a parameter (P) for regulating the fuel of the turbine engine is measured to obtain an excitation signal; forming a spectrum of the excitation signal; comparing an amplitude of the excitation signal is compared with a resonance threshold (S) on the resonance band of the spectrum; and emitting a resonance detection alarm if the resonance threshold (S) is exceeded.

Abstract: A method of controlling an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder defining a variable-volume combustion chamber; and a rotating crankshaft powered by a piston sliding inside the cylinder; the control method including the steps of: determining a recording window expressed in engine angle degrees and having a start engine angle and a stop engine angle; acquiring and memorizing the intensity of sound pressure waves, generated by the internal combustion engine as a function of an engine angle, by means of at least one sound pressure sensor and within the recording window; and estimating the value of at least one operating parameter of a part of the internal combustion engine by analysing the intensity of the sound pressure waves in the recording window.

Abstract: A waveform detector detects a variation in fuel pressure generated by an injection based on a detection value of a fuel pressure sensor as a fuel pressure waveform. A differential calculator calculates a differential waveform representing a variation in differential value of the fuel pressure waveform. A noise determiner determines that noise overlaps with the fuel pressure waveform when the differential waveform has a value higher than a predetermined upper threshold or when the differential waveform has a value lower than a predetermined lower threshold.

Abstract: A valve freeze control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a concentration sensor, a valve, a freeze control device, and a start determination unit. The concentration sensor is adapted to detect an alcohol concentration of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine. The valve is provided in one of an intake passage and an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, wherein the valve controls flow of air that passes through the one of the intake and exhaust passages. The freeze control device is adapted to limit malfunction of the valve caused by freeze of water in exhaust gas, and the water has been attached to the valve. The start determination unit determines to start the freeze control device when the alcohol concentration detected by the concentration sensor is equal to or greater than a reference value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire testing system, including: a first rail and a second rail; a carriage assembly coupled to the first rail and the second rail such that five degrees of freedom of motion of the carriage assembly are thereby constrained; a first bogie assembly coupling the carriage assembly to the first rail such that at least lateral, pitch, and yaw motions of the carriage assembly are thereby constrained; and a second bogie assembly coupling the carriage assembly to the second rail such that at least vertical and roll motions of the carriage assembly are thereby constrained; wherein the carriage assembly translates in a direction that is tangential to the first rail. The tire testing system also includes a tire articulation system coupled to the carriage assembly, wherein the tire articulation system includes a dedicated actuator for each degree of freedom of motion of a test tire coupled thereto.

Abstract: A tire pressure monitor enables the TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) in a tire to detect and send a tire pressure signal from an air faucet to the outer side of the wheel rim by an antenna connecting line, and uses an insulation sleeve to isolate an electrical transmission between the air faucet and an external air faucet so that the whole external air faucet becomes an insulating and independent transmitting antenna which can be unaffected by the serious shield from the wheel rim or steel wire annulus. Therefore, the tire pressure can be measured directly by the tire pressure detector inside of the tire and the transmitting signal can be sent accurately to the receiver in the vehicle in order to enhance the reliability of measuring tire pressure and driving safety.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for testing a sample of a hydraulic fracturing fluid is provided. A small quantity of a fracturing fluid sample to be observed and/or tested is placed in a chamber designed with suitable heat and pressure simulation apparatus. With the sample chamber, the efficacy of the fracturing fluid can be ascertained, improper fracturing fluid compositions and/or mixtures, e.g., caused by human error, can be detected, and contamination of the frac-tank can be determined. The overall apparatus is portable and can be transported to the site of the fracturing fluid tank, thereby allowing testing immediately prior to introduction into the well. The samples in the test chamber can be observed for quality control and quality assurance prior to, or during stimulation and water shutoff treatments in the field.

Abstract: A fill level switch (1) for measuring the fill level of a medium in a container (2), having a sensor element (3) for contacting the medium, a sender (4) for applying an electromagnetic emission signal to the sensor element (3) and an evaluation unit (5) for detecting a received signal from the sensor element (3). The sensor element (3) includes at least one cable (6) for guiding the emission signal. To provide a fill level switch, which is based on a sturdy measuring principle and which allows for reliable cleaning, the fill level switch uses a delay line as the cable (6) of the sensor element (3) and the sensor element (3) has a window (7) facing the medium in the mounted position of the fill level switch and at least a part of the cable (6) can be electrically influenced by the medium via the window (7).

Abstract: In a liquid level sensor according to the present invention, a first detecting electrode being always in a liquid to be measured, a second detecting electrode which measures a level of the liquid to be measured, and a third detecting electrode being always out of the liquid to be measured are arranged, an operation of charging capacitor 45 for a time being in proportion to a ratio of a length of a part of the second detecting electrode in the liquid to be measured to a total length of the second detecting electrode and an operation of discharging the electric charge of the capacitor for a time being in proportion to a ratio of a length of a part of the second detecting electrode being out of the liquid to be measured to the total length of the second detecting electrode is repeated. With this configuration, the liquid level can be precisely detected without arranging a complex operational device even though a dielectric constant or a temperature of the liquid to be measured changes.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring devices used in measuring angular velocity, and, more precisely, to vibrating micromechanical sensors of angular velocity. In the solution for a sensor of angular velocity, a mass is suspended using spring structures having non-orthogonal primary and secondary axes such, that an activation in phase with the primary motion is induced in a detection resonator. The angular velocity to be measured is detected from the phase difference between the primary motion and the secondary motion. The structure of the sensor of angular velocity enables reliable measuring with good performance, particularly, in small vibrating micromechanical solutions for a sensor of angular velocity.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical device includes a body, a movable mass, elastically connected to the body and movable in accordance with a degree of freedom, and a driving device, coupled to the movable mass and configured to maintain the movable mass in oscillation at a steady working frequency in a normal operating mode. The microelectromechanical device moreover includes a start-up device, which is activatable in a start-up operating mode and is configured to compare a current oscillation frequency of a first signal correlated to oscillation of the movable mass with a reference frequency, and for deciding, on the basis of the comparison between the current oscillation frequency and the reference frequency, whether to supply to the movable mass a forcing signal packet so as to transfer energy to the movable mass.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor having a support frame, a weight supported within the support frame via flexible beams, semiconductor piezoresistance elements provided on the beams, and wiring interconnecting the piezoresistance elements. The acceleration sensor detects acceleration from changes in resistance of the piezoresistance elements. Stress damping sections are provided on those portions of the beams which exclude the portions where the piezoresistance elements are provided. Each stress damping section is symmetrical with respect to the point of intersection between the length center line of the beam and the width center line of the beam.

Abstract: A piezoelectric cantilever sensor includes a piezoelectric layer and a non-piezoelectric layer, a portion of which is attached to the piezoelectric layer. In one embodiment, one end of the non-piezoelectric layer extends beyond the end of piezoelectric layer to provide an overhang. The overhang piezoelectric cantilever sensor enables increased sensitivity allowing application of the device in more viscous environments, such as liquid media, as well as application in liquid media at higher flow rates than conventional piezoelectric cantilevers. In another embodiment, the sensor includes first and second bases and at least one of the piezoelectric layer and the non-piezoelectric layer is affixed to each of the first and second bases to form the piezoelectric cantilever sensor. In this embodiment, the sensor is robust and exhibits excellent sensing characteristics in both gaseous and liquid media, even when subjected to relatively high flow rates.

Abstract: An electrical pulse fed into an electrical cable, e.g. a power transmission or distribution cable buried underground, produces an acoustic signal, e.g. an arc-over or discharge noise, at a fault in the cable. This acoustic signal is detected and used to locate the fault. But the acoustic signal has interference noise superimposed on it, which makes it difficult to identify the acoustic signal in the noise-burdened received signal, and thus also makes it difficult or impossible to accurately locate the fault. To minimize or avoid the influence of interference noises, the relevant acoustic signal is identified in the received signal by comparing the received signal with predetermined sample data, such as signal patterns, characteristics or characteristic sets.

Abstract: An apparatus includes (a) a dial having a front face with indicia thereon and a transparent face plate and a back surface; and (b) a light source attached to the dial and positioned exterior to the transparent face plate and oriented so as to illuminate the face plate. The apparatus is advantageously used to measure blood pressure under adverse lighting conditions.

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor positioned adjacent a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber separated by a nozzle. Flow in a conduit is determined by detecting the pressure on either side of a nozzle. Changes in pressure are proportional to a change in flow. An integrated differential pressure sensor having different pressure detecting portions with strain gauges thereon detects differences in deflection of each pressure sensor portion resulting from change in fluid flow. A bridge circuit detects changes in the signals from the two different pressure sensor portions creating a differential which is proportional to a change in liquid flow. The present invention reduces the need for calibration of pressure sensors and improves the detection of fluid flow. The present invention has many applications and can detect small changes in fluid flow and is particularly applicable to the medical field where in many procedures, small fluid flows must be measured or determined accurately.

Abstract: A device for measuring rigidity, flexibility, and other properties associated with deformation of a thin planar material sample such as carpeting is described. The device is portable and can be manually operated. The device includes a movable testing assembly which is used to urge a testing member against a sample and measure compressive force(s) relative to deformation of the sample.

Abstract: The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) testing device includes a corrosion cell for placing a specimen to be tested therein. The corrosion cell is configured to simulate the extreme high temperature and pressure, as well as the corrosive environments experienced by engineered, industrial components. A heating element and a pressurizing assembly are operatively attached to the corrosive cell to simulate the high temperature and pressure environs. A circulation assembly is also attached to the corrosion cell to simulate both flowing and stagnant conditions of the corrosion solution that the industrial component can be subjected to. A loading assembly with a specimen holding shaft is operatively attached to the specimen to place a predetermined and constant tensile load on the specimen until fracture in order to determine KI and KIsec of the engineered component. PTFE seals are used to seal the specimen holding shaft during testing.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for positioning a specimen to be tested relative to an external force applicator. The external force applicator is adapted for engaging the specimen for test purposes. A defined path extends between a first position away from the external load applicator and a second position underneath the external load applicator. A carriage positioned on the defined path moves relative to the external force applicator between the first position which is a loading position away from the external force applicator and the second position which is an engagement position. When the specimen is in the second engagement position, the external force applicator can engage the specimen to conduct the test.

Abstract: A load pin includes a main body, a plurality of recesses, and a plurality of sensor pockets. The main body has a plurality of loading surfaces and a plurality of relief surfaces formed therein. Each loading surface is disposed between two of the relief surfaces. The recesses are formed in and extend at least partially around the outer surface of the main body. Each recess has a substantially round inner surface, is formed in a different one of the relief surfaces, and is disposed between a different pair of loading surface. The sensor pockets are formed in the outer surface, extend partially into the main body, are disposed between a pair of loading surfaces, and extend through the recess that is disposed between the same pair of loading surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acoustic flow meter assembly (2) for pipes or open channels, said assembly including a frame (24) with a predetermined geometry. The frame has at least one user accessible port (36-42) with the at least one user accessible port (36-42) adapted to receive an interchangeable cartridge (44) which contains at least one acoustic transducer (46) to measure fluid velocity through said frame (24).

Abstract: A device measuring the speed or the direction of the wind, characterized in that it consists of the main body (1), which is hollow and can be divided into two parts and an electronic circuit (9) can be placed into the inside part thereof, and of the rotor (2) or the vane tail (3). The main body (1) is of curved shape and has a tall neck so as the rotor (2) or the vane tail (3) to be placed in such a position in order for the measurements not to be affected and it is divided into two parts the lower part (6) and the upper part (7). The upper part (7) of the main body (1) is hollow and the axle (8) is placed into the inside part thereof, where the rotor (8) or, alternatively, the vane tail (9) are mounted, depending on the measurement we wish to achieve. The device is mounted in the meteorological station of a supporting arm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor device (1) for measuring an axial force in the longitudinal pipe direction of a pipe (4) and/or at least one torque, having a measuring element (2) comprising an adapter connection (3) connected to the pipe by means of a flanged socket part, by means of which the pipe can be fixedly coupled to an adjustment adapter (5), wherein the axial force and the torque can be fed into the adjustment adapter and can be measured by means of strain gauges (11, 12) disposed in a sensor area (9) between the adapter connection and an end of the flanged socket part (6) opposite the adapter connection at strain gauge locations, wherein the flanged socket part having the sensor area is designed in a pipe shape, wherein the sensor area extends from the adapter connection to the end of the flanged socket part and has a smaller outer diameter than the end of the flanged socket part, wherein the end of the pipe facing the adapter connection and extending past the end of the flanged socket part towar

Abstract: A system for use in measuring an end play of a wheel hub assembly includes a cap attachable to a shaft of a wheel hub assembly. A frame has a cavity receiving a measurement probe extending outwardly from the cavity. The probe contacts the cap and is configured to measure movement of the cap to determine endplay of the bearing assembly on the shaft. The frame includes a plurality of legs extending from the frame to mount on the shaft. The legs contain torque sockets and torque limiters which are threadably engaged and tightened onto lugs of the wheel hub assembly without exceeding a preselected torque. The torque sockets allow the frame and system to be used on hub assemblies having wheels thereon without removal of the wheels from the hub assemblies or lug nuts from the lugs supporting the wheel.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of force measurement systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, the force measurement system is implemented in a fishing rod system, to measure tension applied to the fishing line. Other exemplary embodiments include a fishing gaff used to gaff fish, and with a measurement system for providing an indication of the weight of a gaffed fish. Yet another embodiment is implemented in a fishing net, with a measurement system for providing an indicated of the weight of a netted fish or other netted object. A still further application for the force measurement system is in a shaft tension coupler.

Abstract: Apparatus are provided for sensor assemblies and related medical devices. An embodiment of a sensor assembly includes a beam and a sensing element disposed on the beam. The sensor assembly also includes a structure to prevent deflection of the beam when a force applied to the sensor assembly is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: An industrial roll is provided, comprising a transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor that is embedded in the roll cover and/or located in-between the roll cover and the roll core of the industrial roll. The transverse force transducing fiber Bragg sensor comprises a fiber optical waveguide having a fiber core and a fiber cladding, and a stud element being nonpositively joined to a partial area of the circumferential surface of the fiber optical waveguide. The fiber optical waveguide comprises a Bragg grating located in the fiber core, whereby the dimension of the partial area in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is longer than a grating spacing of the Bragg grating. The partial area is located at a section of the fiber optical waveguide housing the Bragg grating, and at least a first component of the stud element is formed from a first material having a Young's modulus of less than 10 kN/mm2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process valve (10) comprising a valve seat (14), a flow restrictor (12), a valve rod (16) and a drive unit (18) acting thereon, with a force measuring device (20, 44) being connected between said drive unit (18) and said flow restrictor (12). The invention is characterized in that said force measuring device (49) includes a spring (30, 46), and said force measuring device (29, 44) comprises a travel measuring device (38, 42, 50, 52) so as to allow the force acting on it to be determined based on the change in the deflection of the spring (30, 46) caused by the force acting on it.

Abstract: An air sampler device has a top plate and a bottom plate, and receives a Petri dish between the top plate and the bottom plate. The top plate includes 283 substantially small holes. The bottom plate has a deepened center well formed in the top surface. Elongated slots are formed in the top surface which extend out from the well. The slots have distal ends which extend beyond the Petri dish. Air is drawn into the sampler by a vacuum tube through an air port which communicates with the center well. Air is pulled into the 283 holes in the top plate and strikes the capture material in the Petri dish. The air then travels up over the sides of the dish, into the distal ends, through the slots, and into the center well, where it exits out of the vacuum air port.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depositing samples in modules, in particular, in kits, in addition to an adapter. The inventive adapter (1) is embodied in such a manner that an injection needle can be received in a liquid-tight manner. It is connected in a liquid-tight manner to the low-lying module or kit (20) and enables a continuous flow of samples.

Abstract: A method is provided which is capable of efficiently taking most of a precious sample into an extraction vessel without wasting when the sample is extracted from a collection section of a sampling rod. The method includes the steps of collecting a sample using a sampling rod formed of a rod body and a collection section attached to the rod body, inserting the sampling rod into the extraction vessel, placing the rod body in a gap formed in a grappling hook section which is disposed in an insertion path of the sampling rod, the gap having a width smaller than a diameter of the collection section and being capable of receiving the rod body, withdrawing the rod body with the rod body being placed in the gap and detaching the collection section from the rod body by hooking the collection section to the grappling hook section.

Abstract: A system comprising a viscoelastic interface sheet to engage a sound vibrations sensors array to a sound generating objects. The structure of the interface sheet includes elements for easy handling, positioning and mounting. A device for storage and mounting support of such interface sheets is disclosed.

Abstract: An electric actuator includes a first port, a second port, and a cylinder chamber connecting passage. The first port is formed on an inner face of a rod-side cylinder chamber of a cylinder body. The second port is formed on an inner face of a head-side cylinder chamber of the cylinder body. The cylinder chamber connecting passage connects the first port and the second port. In the electric actuator, a piston part of a piston rod closes the first port 6 when the piston rod advances.

Abstract: A double clutch transmission with first and second clutches (K1, K2) with input sides connected with an input shaft (w_an) and output sides respectively connected with one of two coaxially arranged transmission output shafts (w_k1, w_k2). At least first and second countershafts (w_v1, w_v2) are provided on which are mounted idler gearwheels (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), while on the two first and the second transmission input shafts (w_k1, w_k2) are mounted fixed gearwheels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) whereby at least several power shiftable forward gears (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and at least one reverse gear (R1, R2, R3, R4) is shiftable. A maximum of six gear planes (8-12, 9-13, 10-14, 11-4, 5-15) are provided so that at least one winding path gear is shifted upon disengagement of a coupling device (S_ab2) allocated to an output gear (18).

Abstract: A transmission includes an input member, an output member, first and second shafts, first and second countershafts, a plurality of co-planar gear sets, and a plurality of torque transmitting devices. The torque transmitting devices include a plurality of synchronizer assemblies and a dual clutch assembly. The transmission is operable to provide at least one reverse speed ratio and a plurality of forward speed ratios between the input member and the output member.

Abstract: Gearing for a vehicle transmission includes meshing forward gears and an idler, a reverse gear engaging the idler, a low gear engaging the reverse gear, a final drive, and a low gear drive path including the idler, the forward, reverse and low gears and the final drive.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission includes a pinion secured to an input shaft, a gear meshing with the pinion, an idler secured to the gear, a reverse gear meshing with the idler and secured to a second idler, a low gear supported on a layshaft and meshing with the second idler, and a coupler connecting the low gear to the layshaft.

Abstract: A controllable composite clutch device limited torque while in a released state includes a clutch capable of being controlled for performing engaging/releasing function and a limited torque device having relatively smaller torque installed between an input/output shaft and an output shaft, or radially installed between an input shaft and a cylindrical outputting rotation part, so that when the clutch is controlled to be in an engaged state, the rotary kinetic energy between the input shaft and the output shaft is transferred through the clutch, and so that when the clutch is controlled to be in a released state, the limited torque device performs limited torque coupling and the rotary kinetic energy between the input shaft and the output shaft can continue to be transferred, or a slip rotational speed differential is generated due to over-torque.

Abstract: A transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft, where an input gear is rotatably fixed for common rotation by the input shaft, an output gear is rotatably fixed for common rotation by the output shaft, and a third shaft is disposed generally parallel to the input and output shafts and has an outer surface that includes a splined portion and a non-splined portion. A reverse gear assembly rotatably fixed for common rotation by the third shaft includes a reverse gear, a synchronizer member, an annular retaining member, and a synchronizer spring. The reverse gear is disposed on the third shaft, and has a hub extending from a first side. The reverse gear assembly is selectively axially moveable along the third shaft to engage the input and output gears.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-stage transmission which ensures that gear shifts are efficiently performed with a small number of component parts, smooth operations are performed with small forces, there are no loss of changeover time during gear shifts and no loss of the driving force, and the shift shock is small. The transmission has a driven gear shaft 12, in which are provided a first swing pawl member 25 engageable in a rotational direction with a first gear n1, a second swing pawl member 25 engageable in the rotational direction with a second gear n2 which is one step lower in reduction ratio, a third swing pawl member 24 engageable in the opposite rotational direction with the first gear n1, and a fourth swing pawl member 24 engageable in the opposite rotational direction with the second gear n2. A first cam rod 21 and a second cam rod 22 are provided which are slidable axially on and along the surface of an internal hole of the driven gear shaft 12.

Abstract: A right angle gearbox is described that includes an enclosure, an input member, an output member, and an assembly. The enclosure has dimensions such that the gearbox is operable as a drop in replacement for a gearbox that includes a worm gear set. The input member extends from the enclosure and includes a first portion of a helical gear set housed within the enclosure. The output member extends from the enclosure and includes a second portion of a hypoid gear set housed within the enclosure. The output member is substantially orthogonal to the input member. The assembly includes a second portion of the helical gear set and a first portion of the hypoid gear set mechanically coupled to one another.

Abstract: An electrical-mechanical brake apparatus includes a bracket (20) and a pedal arm (40) supported by the bracket (20). One of the bracket (20) and the pedal arm (40) presents a cam body (72). The other of the other of the pedal arm (40) and the bracket (20) presents a cam follower (64). One of the cam body (72) and the cam follower (64) is rotatable. A cam bias (86) interconnects the rotatable one of the cam body (72) and the cam follower (64) to one of the bracket (20) and the pedal arm (40). As the pedal arm (40) moves toward the bracket (20), the cam follower (64) moves along the cam body (72), compressing the cam bias (86) for simulating the feel of a purely mechanical brake system. In certain embodiments, the bracket (20) presents the cam body (72) while in other embodiments the pedal arm (40) presents the cam body. In certain embodiments, the cam body (72) rotates while in others the cam follower (64) rotates.

Abstract: A power transfer unit (PTU) for a motive device includes an outer housing and a torque transferring clutch. The PTU also includes a piston housing located between the outer housing and the torque transferring clutch, and a piston in the piston housing. The piston is arranged to provide actuation forces to the torque transferring clutch, and to restrict reaction forces back to the piston housing.

Abstract: A ratcheting tool including a handle formed with an integral yoke at a first end and a tool head coupled to the yoke at a pivot. The tool head has a toothed hub facing rearwardly of the pivot and into the yoke. A locking spool is rotatably carried in the yoke adjacent the toothed hub. The locking spool has a first face, a second face, and a first tooth extending along both the first face and the second face and engaging the toothed hub. The locking spool is rotatable between a first position in which the first face is adjacent the toothed hub, thereby locking the tool head in a selected angular position with respect to the handle, and a second position in which the second face is adjacent the toothed hub such that the tool head is pivotable about the pivot.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench has a through cavity in which a reversing lever is disposed. The reversing lever has a pair of protruding lips formed thereon opposite from one another. A cooperating ledge is formed on the head in the cavity and on the pawl which is adjacent to the reversing lever. A spring-loaded pusher is disposed longitudinally in a blind bore in the reversing lever and the pusher engages a pocket in the pawl. A cover plate is disposed on a shelf recessed on the bottom of the wrench and spaced apart from the reversing lever.