Abstract: The invention relates to a filter module (1) for removing air-polluting materials from machine exhaust, comprising a filter housing (2) with an intake opening (5) and an outlet opening (6) for channeling machine exhaust through, at least one mounting element (24) for mounting the filter module (1) on a machine, and a filter assembly (7), arranged in the filter housing (2) and comprised of at least two filter groups (8), arranged in tandem in the direction of flow (3) and comprised of rod-shaped filter elements (10) with a filter medium (20), said elements being arranged parallel to one another at a constant center-to-center distance (9) and with their longitudinal axis largely crosswise to the direction of flow (3), wherein the filter elements (10) of two adjacent filter groups (8) are parallel to one another, and are arranged offset in relation to one another, crosswise to their longitudinal axes and to the direction of flow (3).

Abstract: A dust removal device is provided which reduces the differences, among different dusty environments, in time at which dust collection is started until the time when possible clogging may occur to significantly increase the time from the start of dust collection until the time when possible clogging occur, while improving dust removal performance. The dust removal device includes main filter 10 that is formed of non-woven cloth 8 with charged fiber, duct 6-1 with main filter 10 disposed therein, sub-filter 11 including a plurality of cylindrical air trunks formed of a charged member, and duct 6-2 with sub-filter 11 disposed therein. Duct 6-1 and duct 6-2 are in communication with each other. In operation, air flows from duct 6-1 to duct 6-2. Main filter 10 in duct 6-1 has a larger vent cross-sectional area than sub-filter 11 in duct 6-2.

Abstract: A filter element has a reinforcement band or ring along at least a portion of the perimeter thereof and performing a support function thereat preventing or minimizing damage upon attempted percussive cleaning of the filter element by service personnel striking the perimeter against an impact surface. Alternatively, a failure band or ring is provided along at least a portion of the perimeter and performs a designated failure function to a failure condition thereat upon attempted percussive cleaning, with the failure condition providing at least one of: a) an indication to service personnel that the filter element has been damaged and should not be re-installed; and b) a deformed condition preventing re-installation.

Abstract: A filter element includes a filter media extending along a longitudinal axis and extending circumferentially about a central passageway that extends along the longitudinal axis. The filter media defines a droplet cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the filter media defines a top portion shape and a bottom portion shape, with the top and bottom cross-sectional portion shapes being asymmetric with respect to each other. The filter element may be used in a filtration arrangement for filtering dust flow. The filtration arrangement also includes a filter housing that has an opening through which dust flow is configured to enter the filter housing.

Abstract: The present invention is a bearing thermometer system that includes a plurality of temperature displays that provide a digital indication of a current temperature reading of one or more bearings associated with a piece of bearing related equipment that is typically agricultural equipment. The bearing thermometer system also includes a plurality of digital thermometers that digitally indicate on the temperature display the current temperature of the one or more bearings and a plurality of wire leads that are secured to the one or more bearings and the digital thermometers and the temperature displays wire leads that place the one or more bearings in communication with the digital thermometers and the temperature displays.

Abstract: A crop lifter for a mower of a harvesting machine has a support bar attachable to the mower. The support bar has a carrier. A lifter rod is detachably mounted on the carrier. The lifter rod is connectable at a multitude of positions to the carrier distanced in the longitudinal direction of the lifter rod, to the carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fastening element, in particular to its use in a de-icing device of an aircraft gas-turbine engine, for connecting two components, with the fastening element ensuring a connection of the components with a predetermined relative movability to each other, with the fastening element including two struts arranged at an angle to each other, where two first end areas, spacedly arranged to each other, can be fastened to one of the components, and the two other second end areas can be connected to each other and fastened to the other component.

Abstract: A supercritical heat recovery steam generator includes a duct defining an interior area and having a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The duct is configured to convey gas from the gas inlet to the gas outlet. A portion of the duct between the gas inlet and the gas outlet defines an exhaust gas flow segment of the interior area. A supercritical evaporator is disposed in the interior area and a reheater is disposed in the interior area. The reheater and the supercritical evaporator are disposed in the exhaust gas flow segment, adjacent to each other with respect to the flow of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method of detecting a thermal event is provided that relies not only on monitored exhaust temperatures, but also on temperature gradients propagating in the direction of exhaust flow. Specifically, the method of detecting a thermal event in a vehicle exhaust system includes monitoring at least one operating parameter at multiple locations spaced in exhaust flow of the vehicle exhaust system. The method then includes initiating a protective action if the monitoring indicates that at least one respective predetermined temperature requirement and a respective predetermined temperature gradient requirement are exceeded at two of the multiple temperature sensor locations within a predetermined time period.

Abstract: Method for controlling regeneration within an after-treatment component of an engine comprises receiving an upstream temperature signal, receiving a downstream temperature signal, and calculating a temperature difference based on a difference between the upstream temperature signal and the downstream temperature signal. The temperature difference is compared to a predetermined temperature change limit to determine whether the temperature difference is less than or greater than the predetermined temperature change limit. If the temperature difference is less than the predetermined temperature change limit, an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component is calculated using a primary soot accumulation model. If the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined temperature change limit, an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component is calculated using a secondary soot accumulation model.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system, the system includes an oxidation catalyst configured to receive an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine and a particulate filter positioned downstream of the oxidation catalyst, the particulate filter comprising a substrate. The system also includes a nitrogen oxide adsorbing catalyst applied to a downstream portion of the substrate and a selective catalytic reduction device positioned downstream of the nitrogen oxide adsorbing catalyst, wherein the selective catalytic reduction device is configured to remove nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes an exhaust treatment device provided in an exhaust passage and a burner device provided upstream of the exhaust treatment device to raise exhaust temperature. The burner device includes a fuel addition valve configured to add fuel into the exhaust passage, a first ignition device configured to ignite the added fuel, a burner catalyst provided downstream of the first ignition device, and a second ignition device provided downstream of the burner catalyst. The burner catalyst partitions the exhaust passage into an infra-catalyst passage formed inside the burner catalyst and an extra-catalyst passage formed outside the burner catalyst. The second ignition means is positioned between the extra-catalyst passage and the exhaust treatment device. Generated soot can be combusted by the second ignition device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device (4) and an exhaust system (1) having such an exhaust gas treatment device (4), wherein the exhaust system (1) has at least one exhaust-gas-conducting exhaust gas feed line (2, 3), which is attached to an inlet region (16) of the exhaust gas treatment device (4). Improved mixing of the exhaust gas and a space-saving configuration result if the exhaust gas treatment device (4) has at least one inlet (12, 13) which is open towards the inlet region (16) and if a mixing element (15) is provided, which connects the inlet region (16) to a through-flow region (17) by means of input openings (22, 23), wherein at least one first input opening (22) faces a first side (18) of the inlet region (16) and at least one second input opening (23) faces a second side (19) of the inlet region (16).

Abstract: An exhaust volume for combustion gases from a motor vehicle engine comprises at least one exhaust duct delimited by a wall comprising an end segment, and at least one flange having a bearing surface. The flange delimits at least one exhaust gas inlet communicating with the exhaust duct. The exhaust gas inlet is delimited by a cannon connected to the flange, with the cannon being attached to the end segment. At least one outer neck is attached to the end segment. The end segment is arranged between the flange and the outer neck, with the end segment being pierced with at least one hole between the flange and the outer neck. The end segment, the flange, and the outer neck are being secured through the addition of a filler.

Abstract: The invention is a combination accumulator and reservoir which stores energy when the accumulator deforms from its original shape in response to the flow of a pressurized fluid from the reservoir. The stored energy is returned when the fluid flow is reversed and the accumulator discharges the fluid and returns to its original shape. At least one part of the novelty of the invention is that the accumulator and the fluid reservoir reside in the same housing such that the volume of each varies inversely. Accordingly, the invention is more compact and weighs less than conventional accumulators. Another feature of the invention is that fluid is located around the bladder accumulator to lubricate contact between the bladder and sides of the reservoir.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for extracting energy from a liquid flow. The device has a housing with one or more entry ports through which liquid flow can enter the housing and a plurality of exit ports through which liquid flow can leave the housing. An air compression chamber is provided along with a plurality of valve members which are operable to regulate flow of the liquid through the plurality of exit ports. The exit ports are arranged in an array inclined in the direction of liquid flow and the valve members are operable to close the exit ports downstream of the liquid flow consecutively as the liquid flow is incident thereon, thereby progressively diverting flow of the liquid towards the air compression chamber and compressing air therein, and to open the exit ports on a return flow of liquid from the air compression chamber.

Abstract: A hydraulic transmission circuit comprising three or four coupled hydraulic elementary motors, each elementary motor having a first and a second secondary enclosure. The circuit includes four distribution valves for which the respective outlet channels may be selectively connected to two main conduits for supplying fluid to and discharging fluid from the circuit. The outlet channels of the first and second valves are connected to at least one of the first secondary enclosures; those of the third and fourth valves are connected to at least one of the second secondary enclosures. Each of the elementary motors has a first secondary enclosure connected to a single valve from among the first or second valve and a second secondary enclosure connected to a single valve from among the third or fourth valve. The valve pairs thereby connected to said elementary motors respectively, are all distinct, two by two.

Abstract: The power output of a free piston Stirling engine mounted in a free casing configuration is controlled by having a spring drivingly linking the displacer to the casing and controllably varying the amplitude of reciprocation of the casing. A variable casing reciprocation restraint is linked to the casing for applying a variable restraining force to the casing. The restraining force is increased for decreasing the displacer amplitude of reciprocation and thereby decreasing the power output from the Stirling engine and the restraining force is decreased for increasing the displacer amplitude of reciprocation and thereby increasing the power output from the Stirling engine.

Abstract: A two piston, free piston, alpha Stirling cycle machine has a compression piston with a cylindrical bore that is coaxial with the cylinders in which the pistons reciprocate. An expansion piston sealingly extends into both an expansion cylinder and into the cylindrical bore in the compression piston. The expansion piston has the same diameter within both the expansion cylinder and the cylindrical bore. A spring, preferably a gas spring, drivingly connects the pistons. The reciprocation of the expansion piston varies only the volume of the expansion space and the reciprocation of the compression piston varies only the volume of the compression space. The spring that drivingly connects the pistons allows the two pistons to be properly phased without a mechanical linkage so that they can operate in a thermodynamically effective phase over a range of strokes.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery device bypass arrangement includes a conduit having s first end and a second end adapted to connect upstream and downstream, respectively, of a waste heat recovery device, a valve in the conduit, the valve being control-table to open and close, and a controller arranged to control the valve to open in response to a first signal and close in response to a second signal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a conveyor system for oil or gas with an engine, which generates an exhaust gas flow 4; with a conveying device (2) driven by the engine in the form of a pump or compressor, which conveys and/or compresses said oil or said gas; with an exhaust gas energy recovery device, which converts the heat of the exhaust gas flow (4) into mechanical energy.

Abstract: An engine assembly comprising an internal combustion engine and a waste heat recovery system, wherein the waste heat recovery system is configured to direct refrigerant around a loop which comprises: a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from engine exhaust gases to the refrigerant such that the refrigerant is vaporised; a turbine configured to receive and be driven by the vaporised refrigerant; and a condenser configured to cool and condense the refrigerant for subsequent delivery in liquid form to the heat exchanger; wherein the turbine comprises a turbine wheel connected to a shaft which is held in a shaft housing, a bearing lubricated by liquid refrigerant being provided between the shaft and the shaft housing, and wherein squeeze film dampers which utilise the liquid refrigerant are provided between the bearing and the shaft housing.

Abstract: A mechanical leverage system comprising a first piston and cylinder assembly and a second piston and cylinder assembly and a first, a second and a third chamber, wherein, the first chamber comprises a first evaporator for absorbing heat from its surroundings so as to generate a gas-phase from a liquid-phase of the fluid, the second chamber comprises a second evaporator for absorbing heat from its surroundings so as to generate a gas-phase from a liquid-phase of the fluid and the third chamber comprises a condenser for expelling heat to its surroundings so as to convert a gas-phase of the fluid to a liquid-phase; wherein the second piston's cylinder is in controlled fluid communication with the second chamber and the third chamber such that the second piston acts as an expander for converting the thermal energy of the gas-phase fluid generated by the second evaporator into mechanical energy.

Abstract: A novel 3-Input-3-Output (3×3) Fuel-Air Ratio Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controller is introduced, which can effectively control key process variables including Bed Temperature, Excess O2, and Furnace Negative Pressure of combustion processes of advanced boilers. A novel 7-input-7-output (7×7) MFA control system is also described for controlling a combined 3-Input-3-Output (3×3) process of Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) units and a 5×5 CFB combustion process of advanced boilers. Those boilers include Circulating Fluidized-Bed (CFB) Boilers and Once-Through Supercritical Circulating Fluidized-Bed (OTSC CFB) Boilers.

Abstract: A gas turbine is provided, including a turbine, an exhaust diffuser, and a plasma actuator. The turbine releases an exhaust gas. The exhaust diffuser receives the exhaust gas from the turbine. The exhaust diffuser has an inlet and an outlet, and at least one wall that is disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The plasma actuator produces a plasma along the at least one wall of the diffuser.

Abstract: A diffuser for a gas turbine includes an inlet adapted for coupling to the gas turbine. The diffuser also includes at least one outlet located proximate a diffuser end, wherein the diffuser end is located downstream of the inlet. The diffuser further includes an outer wall and an inner barrel that extends substantially to the diffuser end.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic drive system for a work machine which drives an upper rotary body by controlling a flow rate of a hydraulic fluid by a control valve, includes an electro-hydraulic pump including a hydraulic pump driven by an engine, and a first electric motor, and an electro-hydraulic motor including a hydraulic motor rotated by the hydraulic oil supplied from the electro-hydraulic pump, and a second electric motor, and a controller which determines an operating state of the first electric motor and an operating state of the second electric motor based on a load of the electro-hydraulic pump and a load of the electro-hydraulic motor, and is able to perform an efficient operation by using a hydraulic pressure (fluid pressure) and electric power.

Abstract: An apparatus for premixing fuel and air prior to combustion in a gas turbine engine includes an annular fuel passage receiving fuel from a fuel source. The annular fuel passage includes a fuel plenum and has a wave shape with a peak section surrounded by trough sections. An annular air passage surrounds the annular fuel passage. The annular air passage receives air to be mixed with the fuel in the fuel passage for downstream combustion. A plurality of swirler vanes are disposed in the annular air passage adjacent the fuel plenum.

Abstract: A system for injecting a fluid into a wall boundary layer of a flow in a turbomachine is disclosed. The system has a plurality of nozzles which are disposed in a side wall limiting the flow and are oriented diagonally in the direction of flow. The nozzles each have a rectangular, flat nozzle cross-section. A compressor having such a system, as well as a turbomachine having such a compressor, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus is provided with a plurality of flow-rate regulating valves that regulate the flow rate of fuel flowing in a fuel supply line; a calculating section that calculates a required flow-rate coefficient on the basis of at least a fuel pressure in the fuel flow upstream of the flow-rate regulating valves, a pressure determined in advance as a fuel pressure downstream of the flow-rate regulating valves, and the flow rate of fuel to be supplied to one fuel nozzle among different kinds of fuel nozzles, the required flow-rate coefficient being the coefficient of the flow-rate regulating valve corresponding to the one fuel nozzle; and a valve control section that controls the degree-of-opening of the flow-rate regulating valve corresponding to the one fuel nozzle on the basis of the required flow-rate coefficient.

Abstract: A burner arrangement includes a carrier and at least two burners which are mounted on the carrier in a flow direction Each burner includes a cylindrical housing having a lance which is arranged centrally therein and having a fuel duct and which is supported on the housing via swirl blades. An attachment is arranged on the side leading to a combustion chamber At least one fuel nozzle is disposed in the attachment and is connected to the fuel duct. The at least two fuel nozzles of the at least two burners have a different functional characteristic and/or spray form, and the at least two fuel nozzles of the at least two burners with a different functional characteristic and/or spray form include at least one full jet nozzle and at least one pressure swirl nozzle.

Abstract: A combustor assembly for use with a gas turbine. The combustor assembly may include a liner, an impingement sleeve disposed about the liner, and an airflow channel defined between the liner and the impingement sleeve. One or more holes may be disposed through the impingement sleeve, and one or more tubulators may be disposed within the airflow channel.

Abstract: A system for supplying a working fluid to a combustor includes a fuel nozzle, a combustion chamber, and fuel injectors circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber. A combustor casing surrounds the combustion chamber. A distribution manifold encloses the fuel injectors, and a plenum passes through the combustor casing. A method for supplying a working fluid to a combustor includes flowing a working fluid from a compressor through a combustion chamber, diverting a portion of the working fluid into a plenum, and flowing the diverted portion of the working fluid outside of the compressor and the combustor. The method further includes flowing the diverted portion of the working fluid through a combustor casing and through a distribution manifold that encloses fuel injectors circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system for supplying a working fluid to a combustor includes a fuel nozzle and a combustion chamber downstream from the fuel nozzle. A flow sleeve circumferentially surrounds the combustion chamber, and fuel injectors provide fluid communication to the combustion chamber. A distribution manifold circumferentially surrounds the fuel injectors and defines an annular plenum. A fluid passage through the distribution manifold provides fluid communication through the distribution manifold. A radial cross-sectional area of the annular plenum varies around the flow sleeve. A method for supplying a working fluid to a combustor includes flowing a working fluid through a combustion chamber, diverting a portion of the working fluid through a distribution manifold that circumferentially surrounds fuel injectors circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber, and changing at least one of a pressure or flow rate of the diverted portion of the working fluid.

Abstract: A combustor section of a gas turbine includes a combustor liner, a sleeve and a fuel-air mixing tube. The combustor liner defines a combustion chamber. The sleeve surrounds the combustor liner. The combustor liner and the sleeve define an annular flow space. The fuel-air mixing tube is configured to channel a mixture of fuel and air and includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is in fluid communication with an exterior of the sleeve, and the outlet is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The combustor casing encloses the combustor section upstream relative to the inlet of the mixing tube and extends downstream. The sleeve and the combustor casing define a discharge air space. The discharge space is in fluid communication with the mixing tube. The fuel supplying device is located exteriorly of the combustor casing and is configured to inject fuel into the mixing tube.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a fuel nozzle assembly for a turbine includes an outer conduit of a fuel nozzle and a cap assembly to receive at least a portion of the fuel nozzle. The assembly also includes a spring disposed about the outer conduit and within an annular recess of the cap assembly, wherein the spring provides frictional damping to resist movement of the fuel nozzle.

Abstract: A combustor with a liner where each of the walls has a respective circumferential row of dilution holes defined therethrough adjacent a junction between the primary zone and the dilution zone. In the primary zone, the inner surface of each of the walls is covered by at least one heat shield attached thereto and spaced apart therefrom to allow air circulation between the inner surface and the at least one heat shield, the walls each having a plurality of cooling holes defined therethrough having a smaller diameter than that of the dilution holes. In the dilution zone, the inner surface of each of the walls is free of heat shields, and the walls each have a plurality of effusion cooling holes defined therethrough and having a smaller diameter than that of the dilution holes.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for producing an oxygen-containing compound chosen from C1 to C4 alcohols or carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof, comprising the following steps: a step of catalytic decomposition of a hydrocarbon-based feedstock to give carbon, said step also producing hydrogen; the partial oxidation of the resulting carbon to give CO, using CO2, the CO stream being separated from the hydrogen stream; and the conversion of the resulting CO to give an oxygen-containing compound by anaerobic fermentation in an aqueous medium, the fermentation also producing CO2, the partial oxidation step being carried out with the CO2 produced during the fermentation.

Abstract: A dual cycle system for generating shaft power using a supercritical fluid and a fossil fuel. The first cycle is an open, air breathing Brayton cycle. The second cycle is a closed, supercritical fluid Brayton cycle. After compression of air in the first cycle, the compressed air flows through a first cross cycle heat exchanger through which the supercritical fluid from the second cycle flows after it has been compressed and then expanded in a turbine. In the first cross cycle heat exchanger, the compressed air is heated and the expanded supercritical fluid is cooled. Prior to expansion in a turbine, the compressed supercritical fluid flows through a second cross cycle heat exchanger through which also flows combustion gas, produced by burning a fossil fuel in the compressed air in the first cycle. In the second cross cycle heat exchanger, the combustion gas is cooled and the compressed supercritical fluid is heated.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling gas turbine operation in response to lean blowout of a combustion can. The gas turbine comprises a pair of combustion cans. The method includes sensing that a first combustion can is extinguished during a full load operation of the gas turbine, adjusting a fuel ratio between the fuel nozzles in each can, delivering a richer fuel mixture to the fuel nozzles nearest to the cross-fire tubes, generating a cross-fire from the second combustion can to the first combustion can, detecting a recovery of the turbine load, and adjusting the fuel ratio to the normal balanced fuel distribution between the fuel nozzles in each can.

Abstract: A combustor includes first and second annular casings with a joint between the first and second annular casings. A flow sleeve surrounds a combustion chamber to define an annular passage, and an annular shield inside the first annular casing extends downstream from the joint and prevents a working fluid flowing through the annular passage from contacting at least a portion of the first annular casing. A method for reducing thermal stresses in a combustor includes flowing a working fluid from a compressor through an annular passage between a combustion chamber and a flow sleeve inside the combustor, shielding the working fluid flowing through the annular passage from contact with at least a portion of a joint between first and second annular casings, and shielding the working fluid flowing through the annular passage from contact with at least a portion of the first annular casing downstream from the joint.

Abstract: An accessory gearbox for a gas turbine engine has a main gearbox housing for receiving a plurality of gears to drive a plurality of accessories. An input shaft has a first bevel gear at an outer end, and extends inwardly to transmit rotation to the plurality of gears. A tower shaft has a second bevel gear engaging the first bevel gear to in turn drive the input shaft. A tower shaft houses is fixed to the main gearbox housing. A method of removing a tower shaft is also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic cooling apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The magnetic cooling apparatus provides a replacement having a simplified structure for motors providing driving force and power transmission systems of reciprocation type and rotation type cooling apparatuses. The magnetic cooling apparatus includes magnets forming a magnetic field, magnetic regeneration units formed of a magnetocaloric material that are provided with coils, and using electromagnetic force, generated when currents are supplied to the coils in the magnetic field, as kinetic energy, and a controller controlling the currents supplied to the coils of the magnetic regeneration units to control moving speeds and directions of the magnetic regeneration units.

Abstract: The present inventive disclosure is directed generally to an improved automobile air- conditioning system that can be operated while the automobile's engine is not running. In variations, a typical vapor-compression-cycle air-conditioning system is modified to allow the refrigerant compressor to be driven from either of two power sources: (1) from a traditional engine-mounted pulley system, or (2) from a DC-motor powered by an electrical source independent from the engine. In another variation, the air-conditioning system is driven by one or more thermal-electric-cooling (TEC) modules, wherein the TEC-based system is powered by an auxiliary DC-power source that in some variations is powered by, or at least supplemented by, a solar-energy grid.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle that provides refrigeration and is powered by an engine for burning liquefied natural gas. The vehicle contains on-board storage tanks for liquefied natural gas and liquid nitrogen. These two tanks are in thermal communication with each other and natural gas from the liquefied natural gas storage tank will periodically contact the liquid nitrogen and return as liquefied natural gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of heat pump systems and methods for operating such systems in the heating mode while a heat pump operating parameter reaches or is equal to a predetermined operating value at which it is not advisable to use conventional heat pump systems for heating an enclosed structure. In addition to ancillary components, the heat pump systems includes indoor, outdoor and auxiliary heat exchangers, reversing and flow diverting valves, compressors, refrigerant superheat controllers, and auxiliary energy sources. During the heating mode of operation, while the heat pump operating parameter reaches or is equal to the predetermined operating value, the flow of liquid refrigerant through the outdoor heat exchangers is inhibited and is diverted to flow through the auxiliary heat exchangers. Thermal energy from the auxiliary energy source is used for evaporating the liquid refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary heat exchangers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology are directed to devices, systems, and methods of delivering ice under high ambient temperatures. A transportable container houses an air-conditioning system with a cascade heat exchanger coupling the air-conditioning system with a separate refrigeration system in the container. The separate refrigeration system provides cooling energy for a cooling device while rejecting a heat load to the air-conditioning system for rejection to ambient temperatures.

Abstract: An ice making machine using hydrocarbon (HC), and particularly propane, as the refrigerant is disclosed. The ice making machine has components which have been modified in size, type and operation to accommodate the use of HCs, and particularly propane, in the ice making machine refrigerant system. Also disclosed is a low volume condenser especially designed for HCs, and in particular propane, to minimize the volume of flammable/explosive HC in the ice making machine refrigerant system.

Abstract: An air conditioner (1) includes: a compressor (21); an outdoor heat exchanger (23); an indoor heat exchanger (13); an outdoor fan (25); and an indoor fan (15). In a case where the outdoor heat exchanger (23) has frost, the indoor fan (15) and the outdoor fan (25) are stopped, and a refrigerant is flowed in a direction opposite to a warming operation so as to perform a defrosting operation. In a case where a temperature of the refrigerant output from the compressor (21) declines below a predetermined temperature during the defrosting operation, it is determined to be defective defrosting. In a case of the defective defrosting by the defrosting operation, the outdoor fan (25) is driven, the indoor fan (15) is stopped and the refrigerant is flowed in a same direction as the warming operation so as to perform a defrosting preparation operation. Thereafter, the defrosting operation is resumed.

Abstract: An air-cycle air conditioning system and method, using an automotive turbocharger as the core of the system, was designed and tested. Effects on engine performance were minimized while maximizing the possible cooling possible and also minimizing weight and space requirements. An unmodified automotive turbocharger was tested initially as a baseline in a Reversed-Brayton Cycle air cooling system. A second air-cycle machine, assembled from commercial turbocharger components chosen individually to optimize their performance for cooling purposes, was tested to improve the overall cycle efficiency. An optimized air-cycle air conditioning system was tested on an internal combustion engine to simulate more realistic operating conditions and performance.