Abstract: A pneumatic circuit whereby small amounts of variations in pneumatic pressure in a tire occurring during tire testing can be adjusted in a short time. The pneumatic circuit includes an air supply source which generates compressed air to be supplied to a tire retained in a tire testing device; a pressure regulating valve which regulates the pressure of the compressed air generated; a discharge/supply valve provided downstream of the pressure regulating valve and by which compressed air is supplied to, or discharged from, the tire; a pressure detection unit provided downstream of the discharge/supply valve and which detects the tire pressure inside the tire; and a volume adjustment mechanism provided between the pressure regulating valve and the tire and which increases or decreases the volume of compressed air in an airflow path between the tire and the pressure regulating valve, as well as in the tire.

Abstract: Provided is a flow rate measuring apparatus which prevents a reduction in flow-rate detection accuracy through reducing stress applied to a flow rate detection element. The flow rate measuring apparatus includes a support member (8) provided with a stepped portion (9) formed between a region facing a circuit board (5) and a region facing a detection portion of a flow rate detection element (3), in which the support member (8) includes a groove portion (11a) provided on a side opposite to an insertion hole (2) with respect to the region facing the detection portion, for reducing stress applied to the flow rate detection element (3).

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring fill levels of fill substances located in containers with a single fill-level measuring device operating according to the travel time principle, and arranged removed from the measuring locations at which a fill level is to be measured and having an antenna for directed sending of microwaves and for receiving microwaves.

Abstract: The invention provides a housing for a sensor having a semiconductor element for measuring hydrogen concentration in an insulating fluid in electric power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment having a mounting flange on the equipment providing access to the interior of the equipment and provided with a plurality of bolt receiving openings arranged on the mounting flange in a first pattern, which includes a first flange having at least one or more openings for receiving one or more semiconductor hydrogen sensors and an outer periphery, a plurality of bolt receiving apertures arranged in a pattern corresponding to the first pattern within the outer periphery of the first flange, a second flange having a second plurality of bolt receiving apertures arranged in a pattern corresponding to the first pattern within the periphery of the second flange.

Abstract: A physical amount detecting device includes: one pair of first driving vibration arms are bending-vibrated in a Z-axis direction with a first phase, one pair of second driving vibration arms are bending-vibrated in the Z-axis direction with a second phase that is a reverse phase of the first phase, the one pair of the first driving vibration arms and the one pair of the second driving vibrating arms are vibrated in a Y-axis direction with opposite phases by a Coriolis force that is generated in accordance with angular velocity of a X-axis rotation, and one pair of detection vibration arms are bending-vibrated in the X-axis direction with opposite phases in accordance with vibration of the one pair of the first driving vibration arms and the one pair of the second driving vibration arms in the Y-axis direction.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an angular velocity sensor capable of measuring an exact angular velocity, an ink jet head capable of producing an exact amount of ink, and a piezoelectric generating element capable of generating electric power due to positive piezoelectric effect. In the present invention, a piezoelectric film comprising a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode is used. The first electrode comprises an electrode layer having a (001) orientation. The piezoelectric layer comprises a (NaxBiy)TiO0.5x+1.5y+2—BaTiO3 layer (0.30?x?0.46 and 0.51?y?0.62) having a (001) orientation.

Abstract: A piezoelectric cantilever sensor includes a piezoelectric layer and a non-piezoelectric layer, a portion of which is attached to the piezoelectric layer. In one embodiment, one end of the non-piezoelectric layer extends beyond the end of piezoelectric layer to provide an overhang. The overhang piezoelectric cantilever sensor enables increased sensitivity allowing application of the device in more viscous environments, such as liquid media, as well as application in liquid media at higher flow rates than conventional piezoelectric cantilevers. In another embodiment, the sensor includes first and second bases and at least one of the piezoelectric layer and the non-piezoelectric layer is affixed to each of the first and second bases to form the piezoelectric cantilever sensor. In this embodiment, the sensor is robust and exhibits excellent sensing characteristics in both gaseous and liquid media, even when subjected to relatively high flow rates.

Abstract: A detection device of a motor vehicle having a functional unit for transmitting and receiving signals. The functional unit has at least one first and one additional functional element, the signal inputs of which are subject to a comparison to determine an associative signal occurrence, and if the signals are absent in one of the functional elements, a configuration of its transmission/reception range to a road surface to be detected is performed in such a way that the corresponding functional element is forced to received signal reflections if it is functioning. A corresponding method is also provided.

Abstract: An EMAT that generates horizontally polarized shear ultrasonic waves is combined with a PZT that generates longitudinal ultrasonic waves to provide simultaneous or sequential inspection of a test component material for improved accuracy in estimating properties of the material or detecting and estimating the dimensions of defects in the material. The transducer combination is constructed so that the EMAT and PZT elements are concentric and therefore interrogate approximately the same volume of the test component material. Nonferromagnetic insulators, such as elastomers, are installed on the bottom surface of PZT component to increase the transmission and reception the ultrasonic waves into the test component. Ferromagnetic, acoustic-absorbing materials are installed on the top surface of the EMAT coil component to minimize generation of ultrasonic waves in the bias magnet.

Abstract: A strain sensor apparatus for a rotatable shaft including an emitter/receiver, a vibration element attached to the shaft and arranged for receiving and reflecting signals to and from the emitter/receiver wherein the vibration element includes asymmetric stiffness properties between a radial and axial and/or circumferential directions relative to a rotational axis of the shaft.

Abstract: A gage having a motion detection mechanism magnetically attached to a pressure sensing diaphragm. The motion detection mechanism is magnetically coupled to a pointer rotation mechanism configured to indicate the position of the diaphragm and the corresponding pressure sensed by the diaphragm.

Abstract: A capacitive differential pressure sensor is described which has a simple configuration, and which provides reliable measuring results even in corrosive measuring environments. The sensor element for capacitively measuring differential pressure includes a sensor diaphragm which is implemented in a layered configuration on a semiconductor substrate and spans a cavern. A pressure connection opens into the cavern. The sensor element also includes a measuring capacitor which has a movable electrode on the sensor diaphragm, and a stationary counter electrode which is situated on the base of the cavern, opposite from the movable electrode. According to the sensor, the cavern is filled with a dielectric fluid.

Abstract: A monolithic manometer and method of sensing pressure changes may include sensing a change in parasitic capacitive coupling between multiple parasitic capacitive coupled conductive elements in response to a diaphragm disturbing the parasitic capacitive coupling between the conductive elements. A signal representative of the sensed change in parasitic capacitive coupling may be output.

Abstract: A pressure transducer includes a substrate, a piezoresistive element, a first conductive element, a first terminal, and a test structure. The substrate has a surface and a cavity. A diaphragm layer is formed over the cavity and over the surface of the substrate. The piezoresistive element is formed in the diaphragm layer. The first conductive element is formed in the diaphragm layer, and has a first conductivity type. The first conductive element is coupled to the piezoresistive element. The first terminal is formed over a surface of the diaphragm layer and coupled to the first conductive element. The test structure has the first conductivity type and is formed in the diaphragm layer. The test structure has an edge spaced apart from an edge of the first conductive element by a predetermined distance. A surface charge accumulation on the diaphragm layer is detected using the test structure.

Abstract: A device for measuring environmental forces, and a method for fabricating the same, is disclosed that comprises a device wafer, the device wafer comprising a first device layer separated from a second device layer by a first insulation layer. The first device wafer is bonded to an etched substrate wafer to create a suspended diaphragm and boss, the flexure of which is determined by an embedded sensing element.

Abstract: A stretch-bend-draw simulator (SBDS) apparatus for approximating die stamping of a metal is disclosed. The simulator includes a tool having a surface for contacting a sheet metal strip clamped in a jaw grip adapted to pull the sheet metal strip to provide a force measurement. A tool holding and moving device can be included for mounting, translating, and positioning the tool with respect to the sheet metal strip. The tool can be mounted on the tool holding device at a distal end or on a mounting plate of the apparatus. The tool holding device is coupled to a contact force measuring load cell for measuring the contact force. A draw bead block holder is provided that is adapted to mount a corresponding male and female draw bead blocks. The holder includes a compressing means for compressing the draw bead blocks together to clamp the strip. A clamping force measuring load cell is provided for measuring a clamping force resulting from the draw bead blocks clamping on the sheet metal strip.

Abstract: Provided is a displacement amplifying device which uses Pascal's principle and is insusceptible to temperature change. A main body (1) is provided with an accommodation space (11) for accommodating a medium (2) therein. The medium (2) is provided with a fluid (21) with a positive thermal expansion coefficient and a movable body (22) with a negative thermal expansion coefficient. The movable body (22) is displaced according to the movement of the fluid (21). The medium (2) is provided with a small-area first movable surface (23) and a large-area second movable surface (24). The displacement of one of the first movable surface (23) and the second movable surface (24) is transmitted to the other via the medium (2). In the displacement amplifying device, even if the volume of the fluid (21) is changed by the temperature change of the medium (2), the amount of change of the volume of the medium (2) as a whole can be kept low by the volume change of the movable body (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor as a built-in component of an object, especially an elastic object, the sensor comprising a polymer material containing electroconductive additives according to the invention and thereby acting as an expansion sensor (2), in that it measures the static and dynamic expansions of the object in relation to the acting forces and also monitors the changes of the polymer material generated by the static and dynamic expansions of the object over time. The invention also relates to a sensor arrangement (1) acting especially in combination with the following components: an expansion sensor (2), a fixed resistor (3), an analog/digital converter (4), a micro-controller comprising a memory (5), a radio interface (6), a controlled current/voltage source (7), an energy supply (8), a coupling coil (9), and a receiving unit (10).

Abstract: A connection component is provided that includes an integrated ultrasound sensor, wherein the ultrasound sensor has a layer structure comprising at least two layers, with an electrode layer and at least one layer of a material having piezoelectric properties. The at least one electrode layer and the at least one layer of a material having piezoelectric properties are arranged on a freely accessible end of the connection component. Structures are formed in the electrode layer in order to produce electrodes by laser-ablated regions.

Abstract: An embodiment of the subject invention is directed to a jack incorporating one or more strain gauges. The one or more strain gauges can be positioned on, within, or integral to the jack. When a load or force is applied by the jack, one or more materials within the jack are deformed or displaced as a result of the applied load. The one or more strain gauges are used to measure the deformation or displacement and thus measure the strain. The measured strain can be used to determine the magnitude of the load applied by the jack. In an embodiment, a plurality of strain gauges are used and the resulting strain measurements can be combined to determine the applied load.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for monitoring the structural integrity of one or more blades in a blade-based device, such as a wind turbine. Physical and electrical (e.g., lightening) sources of damage, wear and the like are considered. Generation of power for sensor and communication circuitry may be integrated into the system. Timely and cost-effective repair of any structural or weather-related damage or other issues may be provided, thereby improving operating efficiency and safety of blade-based devices.

Abstract: A method of testing metal samples is provided to simulate stretch flanging of trimmed surfaces. A sample having planar sides and a sidewall extending between the planar sides is placed in a fixture so that the planar sides are confined. The sidewall of the sample is bent about a curved surface while restricting buckling out of a planar area. One testing machine is disclosed in which a test specimen is clamped in a die with a nesting slot while a punch bends a sample against a forming surface that has a radius. In another testing machine, a mandrel and clamping element engage the planar sides of the sample while first and second bending members engage first and second end portions to bend one of the sidewalls of the sample about the mandrel.

Abstract: An aircraft conduit monitoring system includes conduit that conducts gas from a source to a point of application. A flow sensing device and a pressure sensing device are provided within the conduit. At least one set value of a gas mass flow rate and at least one set value of a pressure are sensed in a learning mode of operation. The set values are compared with sensed actual values in the normal mode of operation. A gas volume flow rate can also be sensed and processed instead of a gas mass flow rate.

Abstract: A flowmeter device for measuring a flow rate of a fluid includes a conduit for the fluid flow. The conduit is characterized by a cross-sectional area and includes at least one section within which the cross-sectional area is different from the cross-sectional area of at least one other section of the conduit. The device also includes a reference tube separated from the conduit by a wall and at least one opening in the wall between the section and the reference tube. The device includes a flexible diaphragm forming a space between the diaphragm and a region of the wall at the section of the conduit, and which includes the opening, to inhibit flow of the fluid between the conduit and the reference tube.

Abstract: In a variable torque rate test joint, screw-threaded first and second elements are rotated relative to one another by a tool under test. At least one spring beam is cantilevered over a pivot point to exert an axial force between the first and second elements and the torque rate of the test joint can be varied by moving the pivot point to change the axial force. The first element may be a shaft that is fixed during testing and the second element is a nut rotatably mounted on the shaft, whereby the element rotated by the tool has a minimal moment of inertia. Whichever of the first and second elements is held stationary during the test may be mounted in a hub that is locked during the test but can be rotated at the end of the test to reset the test joint. Measurements may be made of the torque and the rotation angle to derive an actual torque rate of the joint, which allows correction of errors by moving the pivot point.

Abstract: A method for determining a total mechanical load of a wind turbine is provided. A present load signal indicative of a present load of a wind turbine base structure is obtained, wherein the present load acts in a present angular direction. A first present load and a second present load are derived based upon the present load signal and the present angular direction, wherein the first present load is associated with a first angular sector of the turbine and the second present load is associated with a second angular sector of the turbine. Further, a total mechanical load is derived based upon the first present load and the second present load.

Abstract: A glass sampling apparatus and a method for using the glass sampling apparatus to obtain a glass sample from molten glass within a glass melting vessel are described herein. In one embodiment, the glass sampling apparatus includes: (a) a sampling tube having a first end and a second end, where the second end is used to obtain the glass sample from the molten glass in the glass melting vessel; (b) a first valve; (c) a vacuum device; and (d) a tube network that couples the first end of the sampling tube to both the first valve and the vacuum device.

Abstract: Device for taking samples from the bottom boundary layer of a water body, consisting of compact bottom sediments, overlying water-saturated mud layer, and near-bottom water layer directly connected with the latter, belongs among oceanographic devices. Disturbance of the probes' structure is avoided by the construction of the device with several shorter tubes with their inlet holes being located at different heights, instead of one long sampling tube. There are distinctive tubes for taking samples from layers at different heights from the bottom. The sampling tube divided into sections is furnished with isolating valves that divide the interior of the tube into layers isolated from each other. Soft and regulated drop of the device is achieved using the inflatable contact belt. Using an upper inflatable balloon avoids the vertical stability of the device and raising it to the surface without cabling.

Abstract: A sensor element assembly, including: a sensor element; lead frames provided with the sensor element therebetween, the lead frames fixing the sensor element; a first head protection film protecting the sensor element fixed between the lead frames; an insulating film covering the first head protection film and the lead frames to insulate the lead frames; and a second head protection film (resin layer) further covering the head covered with the insulating film. The sensor element assembly is advantageous in that an epoxy resin layer is formed on a film layer covering a sensor element, so that the strength of the sensor element assembly can be maintained by the epoxy resin layer itself, thereby improving the impact resistance and compressive strength thereof.

Abstract: Excellent durability can be achieved by reducing thermal influences of the excessive load from the engine side for a clutch roller (13) in a unidirectional rotation clutch system that is helical-splined to a drive shaft that rotates in response to a driving force of a motor and structured such that the motor driving force can be transmitted while an engine driving force cannot be transmitted when an engine stars, wherein a compound film composed of an external mixed phase and an internal diffused phase is formed on the clutch roller (13) subjected to nitriding by tufftriding with nitrogen being penetrating and diffusing.

Abstract: A deceleration mechanism comprises a driving member, a driven member, an actuator device connected to the driving member, and a transmission member coiling around the driving member and the driven member. The transmission member comprises a positioning portion and a coiling portion extending from opposite sides of the positioning portion. The position portion is fixed to the driving member, the coiling portion coils a plurality of windings on the driving member, and then coils on the driven member. The number of windings of the transmission member coiled around the driving member is equal to or more than the transmission ratio of the deceleration mechanism.

Abstract: An energy conversion system that converts linear kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy is disclosed. A force is applied to a coil spring, compressing the spring. The spring drives an arm forward as the spring returns to its uncompressed state. The arm, in turn, causes the driving portion of an over-running clutch to rotate forward and drive an output shaft. The linear motion of the arm being driven forward by the spring is converted to rotational kinetic energy in the output shaft. The output shaft may then be connected to an external device to drive that device.

Abstract: A transmission includes an input member, an output transfer gear, first and second interconnecting members, a layshaft, a reverse member, a plurality of co-planar gear sets, and a plurality of torque transmitting devices. The torque transmitting devices include a plurality of synchronizer assemblies and a dual clutch assembly. The transmission is operable to provide at least one reverse speed ratio and a plurality of forward speed ratios between the input member and the output transfer gear.

Abstract: A shifting assembly for shifting the reverse gear of a variable-speed gearwheel transmission. The shifting assembly comprises a reverse-gear gearwheel mounted to rotate on a transmission shaft which has a first tooth array. A clutch body, that is rotationally fixed to the transmission shaft which has a second tooth array, is associated with the reverse-gear gearwheel. The first and the second tooth arrays are axially forced into engagement in order to engage the reverse gear. A synchronizer ring, connected to the reverse-gear gearwheel, has a friction surface which engages another mating friction surface during synchronization. The synchronizer ring and the reverse-gear gearwheel can rotate relative to one another by a limited angular amount between a blocking position and a through-connection position. A stressing element, arranged between the synchronizer ring and the reverse-gear gearwheel, pre-stresses the synchronizer ring relative to the reverse-gear gearwheel in the direction of a blocked position.

Abstract: A rack shaft support device includes: a rack shaft support member that is accommodated inside a retention hole formed in a housing so as to slide in an axial direction of the retention hole, and slidably supports a rack shaft; a sealing member fixed to an inlet port of the retention hole; an intermediate member that is interposed between the rack shaft support member and the sealing member; a torsion spring that couples the sealing member and the intermediate member; a cam mechanism that converts a rotational force of the intermediate member induced by untwisting of the torsion spring to a force by which the intermediate member pushes the rack shaft support member; an opposing portion that opposes a rear surface of the rack shaft support member; and an annular elastic member that is interposed between the rear surface of the rack shaft support member and the opposing portion.

Abstract: A device for preventing backlash in a gear train, comprising a first and second drive gear, driven by a first and second motor, with a driven gear, a system controller defining a nominal trajectory of said driven gear, a position feedback controller for calculating a speed set point, a phase controller for calculating a difference between said first and second motor torque, providing torque upper and lower levels, comparing said difference to said upper and lower levels and adjusting the phase set point for said first and second motors based at least upon the comparing, where the phase is reduced if said difference is greater than or equal to said upper level, said phase is increased if said difference is less than or equal to said lower level, and said phase is kept constant if said difference is greater than said lower level and less than said upper level.

Abstract: A first shaft at which a first gear is provided is supported by an angular roller bearing in which a pair of roller rows and which is rolling elements incorporated in a back-to-back combination, and a midpoint of a projection range of a range where the first gear and a second gear mesh with each other on the first shaft is made to exist in a span of a working point of the pair of roller rows of the angular roller bearing on the pinion shaft.

Abstract: A transmission drive unit (1) comprising a drive motor (2) having an output shaft (3) and an output toothing (4), a threaded spindle (8) having a worm wheel (5) that is in engagement with the output toothing (4), a first housing part (6) produced from plastic, having axial bearing locations (65, 66) and radial bearing locations (63, 64) for supporting the threaded spindle (8), and a second housing part (7) produced from metal, having a through opening (75) for the through passage of the threaded spindle (8), and at least one coupling region (76, 77) for fixing the transmission drive unit (1) to a component.

Abstract: A remote controlled actuator includes a spindle guide section of an elongated configuration, a distal end member fitted to a tip end of the spindle guide section for alteration in attitude, and a drive unit housing to which a base end of the spindle guide section is connected. The distal end member rotatably supports a spindle then holding a tool. The spindle guide section includes a hollow outer shell pipe, a rotary shaft and a guide pipe, and an attitude altering member for altering an attitude of the distal end member is inserted within the guide pipe. A hollow of the outer shell pipe includes a round hole portion at a center and a grooved portion depressed radially outwardly from the round hole portion. The rotary shaft is arranged within the round hole portion whereas the guide pipe is arranged within the grooved portion.

Abstract: A traction drive system for an articulated robotic arm. The traction drive system can include an input drive disk, a spider, an array of traction balls, a traction plate, an output drive shaft, a clamping device to load the traction balls, and an absolute rotation position sensor system. The rotation of the output drive shaft can be coupled to the rotation of the input drive disk while the traction balls are frictionally engaged to the drive disk surface and traction plate surface. The rotational connection can be decoupled when the traction balls are not frictionally engaged to the drive disk surface and traction plate surface. A rotational position sensor located in proximity to the traction drive can provide absolute rotational position feedback of the output drive shaft.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a support arm, a lower arm rotatably connected to the support arm, an upper arm rotatably connected to the lower arm, a first driver for driving the lower arm, a first transmission transferring power from the first driver to the lower arm, a second driver for driving the upper arm, and a second transmission transferring power from the second driver to the upper arm. The first and second drivers are mounted on the support arm. The second transmission includes a belt assembly, a beveled gear assembly driven by the belt assembly, and a speed reducer coupled to the upper arm.

Abstract: A robot arm system includes a support base, a first robot arm, a first driving mechanism, a second robot arm, a second driving mechanism, and a wrist assembly. The first driving mechanism drives the first robot arm to rotate around the first rotation axis. The second driving mechanism drives the second robot arm to rotate around the second rotation axis. The robot arm system further comprises a first wheel positioned on the support base, a second wheel positioned on the second robot arm, a third wheel positioned on the wrist assembly and rotatably connecting to the second robot arm, a first flexible belt connecting the first wheel with the second wheel, and a second flexible belt connecting the third wheel with the second wheel. The first wheel, the second wheel, and the third wheel have the same radius.

Abstract: A robot arm assembly includes a support arm, a connecting arm, and an end arm. The support arm is rotatably assembled with the connecting arm along a first axis, and is located at one end of the connecting arm. The end arm is rotatably assembled to the other end of the connecting arm along a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis, such that the connecting arm is rotatably assembled between the support arm and the end arm.

Abstract: A speed control device which is adapted to be used in connection with a derailleur type bicycle has one operation mode for up-shifting the speed and another operation mode for down-shifting the speed. The two operation modes can be affected by an operation lever, with the operation lever pivoted in a first plane for the up-shifting operation and in a second plane for the down-shifting operation.

Abstract: A noise reduction apparatus for a shift cable, may include a mounting socket that is fixed to a shift lever mounting bracket, with an inner cable of the shift cable therethrough, a cable connection pipe that has one side connected to a shift lever-sided end of an outer cable of the shift cable, and a housing connection pipe that has one end elastically-coupled to a shift lever-sided end of the cable connection pipe with a predetermined distance therebetween by a first antivibration member in a damper housing and the other end thereof elastically-connected to the shift lever mounting bracket by a second antivibration member in the mounting socket.

Abstract: An operation restricting device includes an operation knob to be turned by a user, a rotor member to rotate integrally with the operation knob, a case member enclosing the rotor member to be rotatable therein, a stopper member being movable along a radial direction of the rotor member in the rotor member, the stopper member restricting a rotation of the rotor member by engaging with a wall part of the case member, a spring for always providing a spring force biasing the stopper member outside the rotor member in the radial direction, a solenoid to retain a plunger by being energized, and a link member rotatably engaging with the plunger. When the solenoid is energized, the turning of the operation knob allows the stopper member to move back into the rotor member against the spring force such that the engaging of the stopper member is released.

Abstract: A compliant cam system includes a cam having a cam body rotatable with respect to a cam rotational axis. The cam body has a cam body center spaced from the cam rotational axis. At least a portion of the cam is an elastically compressible material. A follower having at least one follower surface is in contact with the compressible material portion of the cam. A cam non-deflected condition is defined when an elastically compressible material portion outer surface is in contact with the cam follower surface prior to deflection of the elastically compressible material portion. The cam when thereafter rotated with respect to the cam rotational axis moves the cam body center toward the follower. The elastically compressible material portion deflects, defining a deflected condition, creating a biasing force acting toward the follower, and releasably frictionally engaging the elastically compressible material portion with the follower.

Abstract: A transmission arrangement includes a first prime motor arrangement having a first gear shaft and a first gear wheel; and a second prime motor arrangement having a second gear shaft, and a second gear wheel. Where a first gear wheel arrangement includes the first gear wheel and is integrally formed with a first bevel gear wheel; the second gear wheel is integrally formed with a second bevel gear wheel; and a third bevel gear wheel is adapted to mesh with the first and second bevel gear wheels. The first bevel gear wheel, and second bevel gear wheel are fixed to the first and second gear shafts via their respective freewheel bearings; and both first and second gear shafts are sections of a single gear shaft. The gear shaft is supported in a first pivotal direction and fixedly supported in a second pivotal direction.

Abstract: Provided is a bottle opener. The bottle opener includes a handle, a body, a cap retaining portion, a force accumulation deforming portion, and a travel limiter. The handle is for a user to grasp. The body is installed on the handle. The cap retaining portion is formed on the body and contacts a side of a bottle cap. The force accumulation deforming portion is provided on the body and is elastically deformed by external pressure. The travel limiter is provided between the force accumulation deforming portion and the handle, and receives part of the force accumulation deforming portion to control a range of elastic deformation.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a body, a driving head, a control member and a resilient member. The body includes a handle and a Y-shaped extension. The driving head is pivotably connected to the Y-shaped extension by two pivots and an inner groove and a recess are respectively defined in the inside of the Y-shaped extension. The inner groove accommodates the C-shaped plate of the control member and the resilient member is received in the recess. The C-shaped plate has engaging teeth defined in distal ends thereof and the pivots each have ratchet teeth which are engaged with the engaging teeth by moving the control member so as to control the rotation of the driving head relative to the body.