Abstract: In order to solve a problem of achieving distortion compensation with high accuracy, a digital filter device includes a first distortion compensation filter unit for conducting distortion compensation of first waveform distortion included in an inputted signal through digital signal processing, a first filter coefficient setting unit for setting a filter coefficient of the first distortion compensation filter unit, a second distortion compensation filter unit for compensating second waveform distortion included in a signal outputted from the first distortion compensation filter unit, and a second filter coefficient setting unit for setting a filter coefficient of the second distortion compensation filter unit based on the filter coefficient set by the first filter coefficient setting unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine a capacity for a network topology are disclosed herein. An example method includes accessing a topology comprising a plurality of links; applying weights to the links; selecting a traffic element, the selected traffic element comprising a source node, a destination node, and a traffic demand; for each of the links: (a) determining for a selected link from the plurality of the links, whether the selected traffic element may be routed on the selected link without adding capacity to the selected link; and (b) applying penalties to the weights associated with the links that cannot support the selected traffic element without adding capacity; determining, based on the weights and penalties of the links, a routing path comprising at least one of the links between the source node and the destination node; and determining capacities of at least some of the links based on the routing path.

Abstract: A circuit, optical transceiver and/or methods for using the same may be useful for determining average power, extinction ratio, and/or modulation amplitude when monitoring an optical transceiver and/or optical network. The circuit generally comprises a photodiode configured to generate a first current responsive to an optical signal, a current mirror coupled to a first terminal of the photodiode, and a detector coupled to a second terminal of the photodiode. The current mirror is configured to produce a second current equal to or proportional to the first current, and the detector is configured to determine a power or amplitude of the optical signal. Further, the present scheme may communicate information using a low speed signal superimposed on or combined with the relatively high speed optical signal.

Abstract: In a coherent optical receiver device, the control process for keeping received signals in high quality is complicated, therefore, a coherent optical receiver device according to an exemplary aspect of the invention includes a coherent optical receiver receiving input signal light; an input power monitor obtaining input power information determined on the basis of the power of the input signal light; a local oscillator connected to the coherent optical receiver; and a controller connected to the coherent optical receiver, the input power monitor, and the local oscillator; wherein the coherent optical receiver comprises a 90-degree hybrid circuit, a photoelectric converter, and an amplifier; the input power monitor is disposed in the optical path of the input signal light in a stage preceding the amplifier; and the controller obtains the input power information from the input power monitor and controls the power of local oscillation light output from the local oscillator on the basis of the input power informa

Abstract: An optical communications system and method at least doubles the data rate of the optical fiber link without requiring a redesign of the backplane ASIC. This is made possible in part through the incorporation of at least one gearbox integrated circuit (IC) is incorporated into the system that is compatible with the current ASIC design. The gearbox IC receives N lanes of electrical data signals from the ASIC, with each electrical data signal having a data rate of X Gbps, and outputs N/2 lanes of electrical data signals, with each electrical data signal having a data rate of 2X Gbps. The high-speed optical transceiver module receives the N/2 electrical data signals output from the gearbox IC and produces N/2 respective optical data signals having a data rate of 2X Gbps for transmission over the optical fiber link.

Abstract: A method for enabling AC coupling or DC coupling when receiving burst data signals comprises generating a hold-over pattern, wherein the hold-over pattern is a AC balanced pattern when an AC coupling is required and a low-logic value signal when a DC coupling is required; inputting the generated hold-over pattern to an AC coupling circuit, when no burst data signal is received; inputting only a received burst data signal to the AC coupling circuit, during the reception of such signal; and upon receiving of the entire burst data signal, generating a reset signal causing to input the generated holdover pattern to an AC coupling circuit.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PON), and the transmission of point-to-point and broadcast or multicast channels from an optical line transmitter (OLT) to an optical network unit (ONU).

Abstract: An optical switch fabric, including: a first set of horizontal optical waveguides receiving a plurality of wavelengths; a plurality of wavelength-selective drop optical switches associated with the first set of horizontal optical waveguides, wherein the plurality of wavelength-selective drop optical switches are each configured to drop a selected wavelength from a horizontal optical waveguide of the first set of horizontal optical waveguides to an associated vertical optical waveguide of a plurality of vertical optical waveguides; and a plurality of controllable optical switches associated with the plurality of vertical optical waveguides, wherein the plurality of controllable optical switches are each configured to direct a selected wavelength from a vertical optical waveguide of the plurality of vertical optical waveguides to a horizontal optical waveguide of a second set of horizontal optical waveguides, and wherein the second set of horizontal optical waveguides output a plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-carrier optical transmitter, receiver, transceiver, and associated methods utilizing offset quadrature amplitude modulation thereby achieving significant increases in spectral efficiency, with negligible sensitivity penalties. In an exemplary embodiment, an optical transmitter includes circuitry configured to generate a plurality of optical subcarriers, a plurality of data signals for each of the plurality of subcarriers, and a plurality of modulator circuits for each of the plurality of subcarriers, wherein each of the plurality of modulator circuits includes circuitry configured to offset an in-phase component from a quadrature component of one of the plurality data signals by one-half baud period.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an optical line terminal (OLT) configured to transmit a bandwidth map (BWmap) for a plurality of burst signals to be transmitted by a plurality of optical network units (ONUs), wherein the BWmap comprises a plurality of allocations, and wherein each allocation comprises a start time for the allocation, a grant size for the allocation, and a header error correction (HEC) for the allocation.

Abstract: A system and method for carrying a downstream optical signal and an upstream optical signal on a fiber optic link is disclosed. The system and method includes a first transceiver unit that receives an input communication signal from at least one external communication device at an electrical input port, a transmitter that converts the input communication signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal as an downstream optical signal on a fiber optic link, a receiver at the second transceiver unit that receives the downstream optical signal and converts the downstream optical signal into an electrical communication signal, and a first circuit in the second transceiver unit that determines whether the second transceiver couples the electrical communication signal to a two wire intercom circuit or a four wire intercom circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and device for unifying frame rates. The method includes: increasing rate on at least one of OTU frames that have different frame rates, so that the OTU frames can be processed at a receiving end by using a clock signal of a same frequency point; and after the rate increasing is performed, sending, on a wavelength division line, the OTU frames that have different frame rates. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a same local crystal oscillator may be used at the receiving end to provide a clock signal for received wavelength division service frames.

Abstract: An optical receiver implemented with a semiconductor amplifier (SOA) whose temperature is controlled by the automatic temperature control (ATC) circuit is disclosed. The optical receiver further includes an optical de-multiplexer, optical devices, a signal processor, and a controller. The controller monitors a temperature of the SOA and time derivatives thereof. The controller activates the optical devices and the signal processor after the time derivative of the temperature of the SOA becomes less than a reference.

Abstract: A light transmitter receives a low-rate data signal having a low data rate and a high-rate data signal having a high data rate that is greater than the low data rate. The transmitter includes a light source and a light modulator to modulate the light source based on logic levels of the high-rate data signal and logic levels of the low-rate data signal, to produce modulated light that concurrently conveys the logic levels of the low-rate data signal and the logic levels of the high-rate data signal.

Abstract: A connector assembly is provided that mates on one side with an optical transceiver module holder and that electrically connects on the opposite side with an external system circuit board. When the connector assembly is mated with an optical transceiver module holder, a base of a parallel optical transceiver module held in the holder mates with a socket of the connector assembly such that respective arrays of electrical contacts disposed on the base and in the socket come into contact with one another. At least one gearbox IC for performing data rate conversion is mounted on the assembly circuit board. A lower surface of the assembly circuit board has an array of electrical contacts on it that are in contact with an array of electrical contacts disposed on the surface of the external system circuit board on which the connector assembly is mounted.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a DFB laser includes a substrate; an active region positioned above the substrate; a grating layer positioned above the active region, the grating layer including a portion that serves as a primary etch stop layer; a secondary etch stop layer positioned above the grating layer; and a spacer layer interposed between the grating layer and the secondary etch stop layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transceiver module, comprising: a circuit substrate; a z-axis positioning base connected to the circuit substrate that, wherein the z-axis positioning base comprises two first sides respectively provided on two lateral sides of the optical transceiver sub-module, a second side provided between and connecting the two first sides, an opening corresponding in position to a side of the optical transceiver sub-module that faces away from the second side, and a step difference provided on each of the two first sides and the second side; a fiber-optic lens element provided on the z-axis positioning base and comprises a cover and a fiber-optic lens sub-module, wherein the cover comprises a recess and step differences surrounding the recess and respectively corresponding in position to the step differences provided on the z-axis positioning base, so as for the cover to be fitted on the z-axis positioning base.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a hybrid multichannel or WDM integrated transceiver are presented. In one aspect, a transceiver includes a transmitter portion and a receiver portion. The transmitter portion includes an optical waveguide structure that includes multiple channels of optical waveguide modulators on a substrate. The receiver portion includes at least one surface light illuminated photodetector.

Abstract: A method of generating an optical radiation signal is to be implemented by an optical radiation signal generating device including a dual beam generating unit for receiving an original optical input signal, and a second-order fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The dual-beam generating unit is configured to generate, from the original optical input signal, first and second optical input signals having a phase difference therebetween. The second-order FBG is configured to receive the first and second optical input signals, and to radiate an optical radiation signal by interference between the first and second optical input signals.

Abstract: Embodiments of circuits and methods are described for decreasing transmitter waveform dispersion penalty (TWDP) in a transmitter. A data stream is received for transmission across a channel and a main data signal is generated from the data stream. At least two cursor signals are generated where each of the at least two cursor signals are shifted at least a portion of a clock period from the main data signal. The at least two cursor signals are subtracted from the main data signal to generate an output data signal with improved TWDP. Other embodiments include generating a main data signal, a pre-cursor signal shifted on previous clock cycle relative to the main data signal, and a post-cursor signal Shifted one subsequent clock cycle relative to the main data signal. The pre and post cursor signals are subtracted from the main data signal to generate an output data signal.

Abstract: It is disclosed a coherent optical receiver configured to receive a modulated optical signal and to generate an in-phase component and a quadrature component. The optical coherent receiver comprises a phase skew compensator in turn comprising a first digital circuit and a second digital circuit retroactively connected between an output and a control input of the first digital circuit. The first digital circuit provides a compensated in-phase component as a sum of the in-phase component multiplied by a first gain and the quadrature component multiplied by a second gain, and a compensated quadrature component as a sum of the in-phase component multiplied by a third gain and the quadrature component multiplied by a fourth gain. The second digital circuit computes the first, second, third and fourth gain as functions of an estimated cross-correlation between the compensated in-phase component and the compensated quadrature component.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a cartridge; a drive source; a detection unit; and a control device. The cartridge includes a movable member provided with a detected portion and configured to move by a predetermined moving amount. The drive source generates a rotation as a drive force and transmits the drive force to the movable member. The drive source includes a rotation amount detection unit that detects a rotation amount of the drive source and outputs a first detection result. The detection unit detects the detected portion and outputs a second detection result. The control device executes: a calculation process configured to calculate the rotation amount of the drive source during a time period of detecting the detected portion based on the first detection result and the second detection result; and a cartridge type determination process configured to determine a type of the cartridge based on the calculated rotation amount.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming portion which forms a toner image; a collecting container which is detachably arranged in an apparatus main body and which collects toner discharged from the image forming portion; a conveying path which conveys the toner discharged from the image forming portion toward the collecting container, the conveying path being arranged in the apparatus main body to be turnable to a first position positioned during operation of the main body and a second position different from the position positioned in the operation of the main body; and a fixing portion which can fix the conveying path at the first position and the second position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which suppresses the occurrence of the dew condensation in the post-processing operation when the sheet is jammed and prevents additional sheet jam. When information indicating that a sheet is jammed is received, if the sheet detecting sensor detects the sheet on a switching member, a controller drives rollers until an upstream edge of the sheet in the sheet conveyance direction passes through the switching member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus, including: an image bearing member; a development device that develops an electrostatic latent image formed in the image bearing member with a toner; a detection portion that detects information on humidity within the apparatus body; a time measuring portion that acquires a time information; a humidity sensor that detects humidity around the development device; and a controller that sets a parameter about an image density formed in a transfer material, based on history information about the information on humidity within the apparatus body and the time information detecting the information on humidity and based on information acquired by the acquisition portion.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing roller, a magnetic roller, a capacitor, a transformer, a switching section, a control section, a temperature detecting section, and a storage section. When changing the duty ratio of a control signal in multiple sequential steps, the control section determines the resonance period based on the temperature and temperature characteristic data and changes the duty ratio of the control signal to the next step during a changing time slot which is one of the first and second halves of a period of voltage fluctuation of the capacitor based on the determined resonance period, the one half in which the current flowing through the switching section is smaller than in the other half of the period.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a first image forming unit configured to form an image on a sheet using a first colorant to be heat-fixed on the sheet; a second image forming unit configured to form an image on the sheet using a second colorant that is erasable by heating; and a fixing device arranged further on a downstream side in a sheet conveying direction than the first image forming unit and further on an upstream side in the sheet conveying direction than the second image forming unit and capable of executing fixing processing for heat-fixing the image, which is formed on the sheet by the first image forming unit, on the sheet and executing erasing processing for heating the sheet, on which the image is formed with the second colorant, to erasing temperature to thereby erase the second colorant on the sheet.

Abstract: When a toner image formed on the surface of a photosensitive drum is transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt, a transfer bias is applied to a primary transfer portion. When a patch formed in an upstream image forming station and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt and a patch formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum pass through the primary transfer portion, a passing bias different from the transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer portion. A control section controls a laser beam scanner as exposure member not to expose the surface of the photosensitive drum to which the passing bias is applied.

Abstract: A light beam scanning device which is capable of performing high-accuracy light amount control without complicated control even when the device includes a laser diode having non-linear I-L characteristics. Gain circuits set the amount of light to be emitted from the laser diode. A PD circuit board detects the amount of the emitted light. A laser controller controls the amount of the emitted light by adjusting drive current applied to the laser diode based on a detection output from the PD circuit board. A CPU corrects data for correcting the drive current. The CPU decides a light amount correction range for correcting the light amount based on the correction data, calculates the slope of the I-L characteristics in the light amount correction range based on light amounts at two points within the light amount correction range and drive currents associated with the respective light amounts, and corrects the correction data using the calculated slope.

Abstract: A developer to develop an electrostatic latent image satisfying the requirements of 0.85?Q60/Q600 and 10?Q600?20, where Q60 (??C/g) represents a charge amount of the developer when a sample, made by adding the developer to a carrier such that the concentration of the developer is 5%, is shaken for 60 seconds, and Q600 (??C/g) represents a charge amount of the developer when shaken for 600 seconds under the same conditions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first detection portion at a first guide provided in an image forming unit and a second detection portion at a second guide provided in a unit drawable to the exterior of the image forming apparatus. Since there are many parts in this apparatus, an error in the relative positions of the first and the second detection portions is large. The image forming apparatus includes a lock member configured to lock the unit to an image forming apparatus main body, and a pressure member configured to, when the unit is locked to the image forming apparatus main body, press the first guide and the second guide to each other. As a result, adjustment of the relative positions of the first and the second detection portions is not required at the time of replacement of the unit or the detection portions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; a transfer portion; a first electrostatic cleaning portion including a first electroconductive member; a second electrostatic cleaning portion including a second electroconductive member; a first detecting portion for outputting first information corresponding to a first current passing through the first electroconductive member; a second detecting portion for outputting second information corresponding to a second current passing through the second electroconductive member; and a controller for controlling, based on the first information and the second information, a transfer voltage so that the voltage is decreased when a decrease amount of the first current is larger than that of the second current and so that the voltage is increased when the decrease amount of the second current is larger than that of the first current.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming section that forms an image on a recording medium; a fixing section that includes a heat roller with a heater inside and fixes a toner image on the recording medium; a temperature detecting section for detecting the temperature of an end region of the heat roller in a direction of a rotary axis thereof; a control section that controls the operation of the heater based on the detected temperature; and a post-drive time calculating section that calculates a post-drive time for a post-drive of the fixing section after a successive image formation on recording media, depending upon the sizes of the recording media and through a subtraction using a correction factor set according to a condition of conveyance of the recording media. The control section causes the fixing section to perform the post-drive for the calculated post-drive time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image forming section, a fixing section, and a control section. The toner image forming section forms a toner image based on image data for printing on printing paper. The fixing section fixes the toner image on the printing paper through thermocompression. The control section controls a toner image forming operation by the toner image forming section and a fixing operation by the fixing section. The control section calculates a size parameter associated with a size of a uniform density region included in the toner image based on the image data for the printing and controls a fixing temperature of the fixing section according to a calculation result.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus outputs a developing voltage in which a pulse wave shape at a time of positive amplitude is different from a pulse wave shape at a time of negative amplitude. Voltages are supplied from two switching regulators respectively to a bridge circuit for driving a transformer. Here, an absolute value of a difference between a drive frequency of a first switching regulator and a drive frequency of a second switching regulator is configured to be not less than an invisible frequency at which a banding cannot be recognized by humans.

Abstract: A developer cartridge includes a case, a developer carrying member, a developer supplying member, a cap, an electrode, and a fixing member. The case has a first side wall formed with a toner fill-hole and a second side wall facing the first side wall in a particular direction. The cap is configured to seal the toner fill-hole. The electrode is configured to supply a bias voltage to at least one of the developer carrying member and the developer supplying member. The fixing member is configured to fix the electrode to the cap such that the electrode is disposed in superposed relation to the cap in the particular direction.

Abstract: A temperature sensor is provided on the outer side of a developing container in an area where toner is filled inside the developing container, so that both toner temperature in the developing container and temperature around a drum can be acquired, and hence the amount of discharge of toner and the air capacity of a fan can be adjusted optimally based on the acquired values.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive unit to form an visible image, a printing medium storage unit to store a printing medium, a pickup device to pick up the printing medium from the printing medium storage unit, a developing unit to develop the electrostatic latent image of the photosensitive unit into a visual image, an optical sensor to inspect the visual image, and a cleaning unit to clean a light window arranged at the optical sensor according to a control of the pickup device.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus restrains the scattering of toners in an intermediate transfer member cleaning apparatus thereby to restrain the scattering toners from dirtying the inside of the apparatus. A cleaning container has an anti-scatter portion that enters into a fur brush. The anti-scatter portion blocks a bias roller from a space outside the cleaning apparatus.

Abstract: A device for cleaning a photoconductive member in an image forming device. The device includes a blade extending across the photoconductive member and having an edge that contacts a surface of the photoconductive member to remove toner therefrom. An elongated seal disposed adjacent the blade extends across a length of the blade such that an opening for receiving removed toner is formed between the elongated seal and the blade. The elongated seal includes at least one tab projecting at each longitudinal end thereof and extending between the blade and the photoconductive member so as to prevent a longitudinal end section of the edge of the blade from contacting the surface of the photoconductive member.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a frame; a developer carrying member rotatably supported to the frame; and a side seal. The developer carrying member is rotatable about its axis in a rotating direction and has an axial end portion and a remaining portion inward of the axial end portion in an axial direction. The side seal is disposed between the frame and a peripheral surface of the axial end portion and includes: a contact member that can contact the peripheral surface; a support member disposed between the contact member and the frame; and a double-sided tape for adhering the contact member to the supporting member. The contact member includes: a first seal member; and a second seal member disposed adjacent to and upstream of the first seal member in the rotating direction. The first seal member and the second seal member are affixed to one adhesive surface of the double-sided tape.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a frame having an opening; a developer carrying member rotatably supported to the frame; and a side seal. The developer carrying member is rotatable about its axis in a rotating direction and has an axial end portion in an axial direction. The side seal is disposed between the frame and a peripheral surface of the axial end portion, and has a contact member contacting the peripheral surface. The contact member includes: a first seal member disposed adjacent to an edge of the opening in the axial direction; and a second seal member disposed adjacent to and upstream of the first seal member in the rotating direction. The first seal member permits developer to move inward in the axial direction and provides a mobility of developer therein higher than that of the second seal member that is made of a material that restricts movement of developer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus including an image forming unit that forms an image on a recording medium, an image reading unit that is provided above the image forming unit so as to read an image of a document, a frame that accommodates the image forming unit therein, including a pair of front and rear planar members disposed so as to face each other and a beam portion that connects the pair of planar members and supports upward the image reading unit, and a cover that covers at least a portion of the frame, provided with an opening portion of which an upper edge portion is supported by the beam portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first housing, a second housing pivotable relative to the first housing in such a manner as to be located to an open position and a close position, a slider provided in one of the first and second housings configured to be slidable relative to the one in a slide moving direction, a connecting portion provided in the other of the housings; an arm member configured to connected each of the slider and the connecting portion to be pivotable relative to each of them, and an elastic member comprising a first engaging portion engaging with the slider and a second engaging portion engaging with the one of the housings. The elastic member applies, to the slider, a force in a direction in which the slider moves closer to the connecting portion, when the second housing is in the close position.

Abstract: When an opening and closing member is being closed, urging force which a first engaged portion of the opening and closing member receives in a direction opposite to a direction to close the opening and closing member is larger than urging force which a second engaged portion of the opening and closing member receives, and a distance in which the first engaged portion moves until the first engaged portion engages with a first engaging portion is shorter than a distance in which the second engaged portion moves until the second engaged portion engages with a second engaging portion while the first engaged portion and the second engaged portion are caused to engage with the first engaging portion and the second engaging portion, respectively, by closing the opening and closing member from an opened state of the opening and closing member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus, including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a developer carrying member configured to carry developer to develop a latent image on the photosensitive member in contact with the photosensitive member; and a developer feed member configured to feed the developer to the carrying member in contact with the carrying member, wherein the photosensitive member and the carrying member are separated from each other during non-image formation and brought into contact with each other after the photosensitive member and the carrying member start to be rotated, and wherein, during a time period between a time when the photosensitive member and the carrying member start to be rotated and a time when the photosensitive member and the carrying member are brought into contact with each other, a number of revolutions of the feed member is larger than a number of revolutions of the carrying member.

Abstract: A cartridge includes: a housing that has a first wall part and a second wall part arranged at an interval from the first wall part and is configured to accommodate developer; a developer carrier that is rotatably supported to the housing and carries the developer; a layer thickness regulation member that is supported to the housing so that it is arranged at an opposite side to the second wall part with respect to the first wall part and that is configured to regulate a layer thickness of the developer carried on a surface of the developer carrier, and a covering member that is arranged at an opposite side to the second wall part with respect to the layer thickness regulation member and covers the layer thickness regulation member, wherein the covering member has a grip to grip the housing.

Abstract: A cartridge for use with a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the cartridge being dismountable from the main assembly and including (i) a developing roller for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, the developing roller being rotatable about an axis thereof; and (ii) a coupling member capable of taking a rotational force transmitting angular position for transmitting a rotational force for rotating the developing roller to the developing roller and a disengaging angular position in which the coupling member is inclined away from the rotational force transmitting angular position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; a transfer member; and a contact-and-separation portion. The contact-and-separation means includes: an urging member; a movement driving portion; and a controller for controlling the movement driving portion so that the transfer member is locatable at a contact position where the transfer member is contacted to the image bearing member, a first spaced position where the transfer member is spaced from the image bearing member in a state in which a load by the urging force is exerted on the movement driving portion, and a second spaced position where the transfer member is spaced from the image bearing member in a state in which the load by the urging force is not exerted on the movement driving portion.

Abstract: A cleaning unit including: frame abutment portions each including a first abutment portion and a second abutment portion; support portions each including a first support portion which abuts against the first abutment portion, and a second support portion which abuts against the second abutment portion so as to support a cleaning member in a pivotable manner about the frame abutment portions as a pivot axis; and an urging member configured to urge the cleaning member in a direction in which an elastic member is brought into contact with a photosensitive drum by pivoting the cleaning member.