Abstract: An apparatus for gripping a chain including a body which allows passage of the chain is disclosed. The body has first and second chain gripping devices, both adapted to grip the chain to restrict or prevent movement of the chain relative to the body. These first and second gripping devices are arranged in the body in respective first and second angular orientations which are offset with respect to one another, whereby the first and second chain gripping devices are adapted to grip respective links of the chain having different angular orientations. An associated method is also described.

Abstract: A pole-cleaning device sleeve having a pole-like member with a proximal end, a distal end, opposite to the proximal end, and a length separating the distal and proximal ends, the pole-like member having a head portion defining a working surface and being coupled to the distal end of the pole-like member, the pole-cleaning device also having a removably couplable sleeve with a distal end substantially adjacent to the head portion, a proximal end terminating at a location along the pole-like member length, and a sleeve length separating the distal and proximal ends, an outer layer being of a substantially deformably-resilient and polymer-based material, an inner layer coupled to the outer layer and contacting an outer surface of the pole-like member, and the outer and inner layers encapsulating at least a portion of the pole-like member.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a control device for a trim tab of a boat includes a plurality of stabilizers, one of each provided on each side of the boat, and a joystick. The stabilizers include blades and a control actuator for each blade, which determines the regulation of the angle of each blade in respect of a plane identifying the transom of the boat. The joystick is connected to a control circuit, which generates a command signal based on a movement of the joystick and coordinates the position of each of the stabilizers, thereby causing the bow of the boat to move in the same direction as the joystick.

Abstract: A deep-drawn, marine hull having a sandwich structure and watercraft utilizing same are provided. The hull includes an outer skin having a waterproof outer surface, an inner skin having a compartment-defining outer surface and a shock absorbing, cellular core positioned between the skins. The skins are bonded to the core by press molding. The cellular core has a 2-D array of cells, each of the cells having an axis substantially perpendicular to the outer surfaces. Thickness of side walls of the hull is substantially uniform to maximize stiffness of the hull. The cells absorb energy of an impact at the outer surface of the outer skin by deformably crushing. Air trapped within cells which are not completely crushed or punctured by the impact provide the hull with buoyancy to allow the hull to float at the surface of a body of water.

Abstract: A system of components for modifying a watercraft leaning post to provide greater flexibility while maintaining firm support to a boat operator and/or boat passengers. The components include spring modules fitted to the aft side legs of a leaning post, and hinge modules fitted to the forward legs. The top section of the leaning post may then tilt backwards under pressure from the top and/or the bow side. The spring modules are preferably torsion springs configured to fit within a gap created in each of the two aft legs of a four-legged leaning post. The hinge modules positioned within the two forward legs of the leaning post are preferably cylindrical yoke type hinges. The components may be assembled into kit form that includes attachment nuts and bolts that allow modification of an existing leaning post without the need for specialty tools or skills.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments of a section marking apparatus and method for dividing a geological survey site into one or more sections. In some embodiments, the section marking apparatus includes a case part, a fixing shaft part, a section marking part, and a driving pin part. The fixing shaft part is accommodated in the case part. The section marking part is coupled to the fixing shaft part, received in the case part, and has a marker string configured to be extracted to the outside of the case part. The driving pin part is coupled to the fixing shaft part and configured to be driven into a ground surface to secure the section marking apparatus to the ground surface. Accordingly, the section marking apparatus can be used to divide a site when the ground is flat or when the ground is uneven and/or has a slope.

Abstract: In combination a mouth guard and a temperature sensor which includes a plastic molded mouth guard including a mouth portion, a bite portion and a gum shield. The mouth guard molded with a dispersion of an over temperature color plastic and a normal color plastic, such that the mouth guard displays a combination of the normal color and the over temperature color. The normal color plastic contains a thermo chromatic ink based coloring which transforms the normal color portion of the dispersion to second color at a preselected transformation temperature. The transformation temperature is selected to indicate over heating of the human body by transformation of the mouth guard from the combination of the normal color and the over temperature color to a combination of the second color and the over temperature color.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp is provided with a vibrator and a shock-absorbing member. The vibrator is attached to a lamp body. The lamp body vibrates in response to the vibration of the vibrator and an alarm sound is generated. The shock-absorbing member is provided to an attachment part and the transfer of the vibration from the vibrator through the attachment part is suppressed by the shock-absorbing member.

Abstract: This invention includes a system and a method for growing crystals including a batch auto-feeding mechanism. The proposed system and method provide a minimization of compositional segregation effect during crystal growth by controlling growth rate involving a high-temperature flow control system operable in an open and a closed loop crystal growth process. The ability to control the growth rate without corresponding loss of volatilize-able elements enables significantly improvement in compositional homogeneity and a consequent increase in crystal yield. This growth system and method can be operated in production scale, simultaneously for a plurality of growth crucibles to further the reduction of manufacturing costs, particularly for the crystal materials of binary or ternary systems with volatile components, such as Lead (Pb) and Indium (In).

Abstract: A platform section has an upper platform chamber and a lower platform chamber. Platform units are provided in the upper platform chamber and the lower platform chamber, respectively. A plurality of local arms corresponding to coating processing chambers are provided in the upper platform chamber and the lower platform chamber, respectively. Further, in the upper platform chamber and the lower platform chamber, a plurality of local arms respectively corresponding to a plurality of thermal processing units, a plurality of local arms respectively corresponding to a plurality of adhesion reinforcement processing units and a plurality of local arms respectively corresponding to a plurality of cooling units are provided.

Abstract: A solvent vapor is made to adhere efficiently to the surface of a resist pattern without using an ultraviolet irradiation process to improve processing accuracy, to reduce processing time and to suppress the diffusion of the solvent outside a substrate processing system. The surface of a resist pattern R formed on a semiconductor wafer W by an exposure process and a developing process is coated with water molecules m. A solvent vapor of a water-soluble solvent, such as NMP, is spouted on the surface of the resist pattern R coated with the water molecules m. A surface layer of the resist pattern R is swollen by the solvent vapor combined with the water molecules m to achieve a smoothing process. The water molecules m and the solvent s remaining on the resist pattern R on the wafer W after the smoothing process are removed by drying.

Abstract: An article carrier adapted for holding and carrying a plurality of articles includes a carrier band, and a plurality of carrier racks connected with the carrier band by means of connecting plates. Each article defines an inserting groove. Each carrier rack has a first buckling arm extending forward from the connecting plate. An elastic arm of substantially lying-V shape from a lateral view is connected with a front edge of the first buckling arm with the mouth thereof facing rearward. A rear edge of the elastic arm extends rearward to form a second buckling arm. Each carrier rack is inserted into the inserting groove under the guidance of the elastic arm, and the first and second buckling arms resist against a top inner sidewall and a bottom inner sidewall of the inserting groove by virtue of an elastic force of the elastic arm.

Abstract: A barrier type deposition apparatus has a barrier in a closed chamber of a base to separate the chamber into two depositing rooms. The deposition apparatus may deposits a thin film on a side of a glass substrate, which is a part of the deposition apparatus. While the barrier is another glass substrate, it may deposit two different thin films respectively on opposite sides of the glass substrate in the same time.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for producing graphene are generally disclosed.

Abstract: A vapor delivery apparatus for providing a precursor vapor for a vapor deposition process includes a precursor container for holding a liquid or solid precursor. A first temperature control assembly maintains the precursor container at a first temperature to generate a vapor precursor from the liquid or solid precursor. An isolation valve is coupled to the precursor container, and a specific quantity of the vapor precursor is accumulated in an expansion volume. A fill valve, which is coupled to each of the isolation valve and the expansion volume, controls the flow of the vapor precursor from the precursor container into the expansion volume. A second temperature control assembly maintains the isolation valve at a second temperature greater than the first temperature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a compound film comprising a substrate and at least one additional layer is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of depositing at least two chemical elements on the substrate and/or on the at least one additional layer using depositions sources, maintaining depositing of the at least two chemical elements while the substrate and the deposition sources are being moved relative to each other, measuring the compound film properties, particularly being compound film thickness, compound-film overall composition, and compound-film composition in one or several positions of the compound film, comparing the predefined values for the compound film properties to the measured compound film properties, and adjusting the deposition of the at least two chemical elements in case the measured compound film properties do not match the predefined compound film properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of providing a constant concentration of a metal-containing precursor compound in the vapor phase in a carrier gas. Such method is particularly useful in supplying a constant concentration of a gaseous metal-containing compound to a plurality of vapor deposition reactors.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing a thin film basically consists of a base, two lateral boards and two sealing members to form a closed chamber therein. Each lateral board is provided with a substrate on an inner side thereof. Each substrate has a side in contact with a chemical solution in the chamber to deposit a thin film on the side of the substrate through a chemical reaction.

Abstract: A refrigerated cat litter box is disclosed that includes a cover having a top wall and one or more sidewalls extending therefrom and a base having a bottom wall and one or more sidewalls extending therefrom. The cover is positioned over the base to form the litter box and a cooling assembly is in communication with the litter box to cool the litter box. The cooling of the litter box delays the growth and reproduction of bacteria to preserve the litter inside of the litter box and to reduce the amount of malodorous air present in the enclosure.

Abstract: An animal litter composition that includes geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. This geopolymerization reaction may occur within a pelletizer. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it may be dried and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates may be used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter or other absorbing material. Aluminum sulfate, clinoptilolite, silica gel, sodium alginate and mineral oil may be added as additional ingredients.

Abstract: Feeding method and production technology of a vegetarian feed for carnivorous fish prepared from Spirulina and Chlorella algae that are produced by cell proliferation in production tanks in electrolyzed water with chlorine-neutralizing sodium thiosulfate and are subsequently dried, pelleted and packaged. The fish feed can be employed without the fish having diarrhea. As a result, the water in fish breeding tanks does not become immoderately eutrophic and at the same time the daily weight gain of the fish is not affected. An optimum daily growth rate and a fish flesh quality can be achieved without the use of animal and fish-based proteins in the fish food ration. The fish food is also inexpensive and ecologically sustainable and ethically acceptable, since it contributes to the rescue of the remaining fish stocks in waters worldwide.

Abstract: A buoyant motivational object used to play with a dog or child. While afloat, the motivational object comprises of an above-water section located above the surface of the water and an underwater section located below the surface of the water, and it is comprised of a base body with at least one biting or gripping area shaped for pick-up by a dog's muzzle or a human hand, and the biting or gripping area is at least partially located in the above-water section while the balance or gravity point of the motivational object is located in the underwater section.

Abstract: An on demand tankless water heater system that is capable of quickly delivering water within a desired temperature range. The tankless water heater provides a hybrid heating method that contains a primary heating system and a secondary heating system disposed in a buffer tank that cooperate to facilitate control of output water temperature during water usage. A pressure differential switch detects low flow demand and allows the secondary heating system to provide immediate heating to the water. This secondary heating system provides a faster temperature response and fine tuning of output water temperature.

Abstract: A cleaning device for a combustion boiler, comprising a high-temperature-resistant cleaning hose for feeding a cleaning medium into the combustion boiler, a hose reel which can be rotated about a first axis of rotation, wherein the cleaning hose can be wound at least partially in said reel, and wherein the hose reel comprises an opening through which the cleaning hose can be guided during winding or unwinding parallel to the first axis of rotation.

Abstract: A temperature sensing sootblower that may be configured as a modification to an existing sootblower or a specially constructed sootblower that, in addition to its normal soot blowing functions, has the capability to measure the flue gas, lance tube, and/or cleaning fluid temperatures. One or more thermocouples or other temperature measuring devices are carried by the soot blower lance tube that is inserted into the boiler. This allows for the temperature of the flue gas, lance tube, and cleaning fluid to be measured as the sootblower lance tube is inserted into and retracted from the boiler. Multiple temperature measuring devices may be located on the sootblower lance to measure the temperature across heat transfer surfaces and at different locations along the lance tube. A data transfer device transmits the temperature measurements from the rotating thermocouple to a non-rotating data acquisition unit for use in boiler cleaning and other operations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating vapor from a liquid precursor for a thin film deposition on a substrate includes an inlet section in fluid communication with a downstream vaporization chamber section. The inlet section comprises a gas inlet for receiving gas from a gas source through a gas flow sensor and a gas flow control valve and a liquid inlet for receiving liquid from a liquid source through a liquid flow sensor and a liquid flow control valve. An electronic controller controls the gas and liquid flow control valves thereby controlling the rates of gas and liquid flow into the inlet section to generate vapor in the downstream vaporization chamber section for thin film deposition on the substrate.

Abstract: In a hydraulic control apparatus for a continuously variable transmission that enables gear ratio variation by controlling supply of hydraulic oil to first and second hydraulic actuators, there are provided with first and second oil passages connecting the first and second actuators to a reservoir, a single electric hydraulic pump installed at a common portion thereof, first and second check valves installed in the first and second oil passages for blocking flow of hydraulic oil to the reservoir, first and second bypass passages formed in the first and second oil passages, a control valve installed therebetween, a fourth check valve installed in the first and second bypass passages for blocking flow of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic pump, and a controller for controlling these, thus readily enabling a configuration that reduces the number of electric hydraulic pumps to one and minimizes cost increase.

Abstract: A thermocompression motor includes a piston dividing a cylinder into a first and a second chamber and includes a heat exchanger having at least one air channel and at least one exhaust gas channel. In a first cycle, the first and second chamber are connected via the air channel, whereby air from the first chamber is pushed into the heat exchanger and heated air is conveyed from the heat exchanger into the second chamber. In a second cycle, fuel is burned in the second chamber. In a third cycle, only the connection of the second chamber to the exhaust gas channel is open during a subsequent volume increase of the first chamber. In a fourth cycle, fresh air is sucked into the first chamber during a further volume increase of the first chamber, while the connection between the first and second chamber via the air channel is interrupted.

Abstract: A device for varying the relative angle position of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. A circlip fixes the valve housing in a positively locking manner. The circlip has at least one radially extending circumferential portion which is designed to engage into an annular groove arranged in the camshaft or in the rotor in the axial end region of said camshaft or rotor, wherein the circlip has at least one axially extending retaining portion, wherein the control piston has, in one of the face regions thereof, an annular groove which is designed for the engagement of the at least one axially extending retaining portion, and wherein the valve housing has, in one of its face regions, at least one hook-shaped portion for engaging behind at least one radially extending circumferential portion of the circlip.

Abstract: Control valve for a device, in particular for a hydraulic control device, for variably setting the control times of gas exchange valves in internal combustion engines, including a housing component, a control piston and a retaining ring, the control piston being movably mounted, loaded by a spring, on the one hand, and limited with the aid of the retaining ring, on the other hand, the retaining ring projecting over the control piston in the radial direction and being fixable in the axial direction in a recess in the housing component, and a control sleeve and a plastic shell surrounding the control sleeve being provided between the control piston and the housing component, and the retaining ring being axially attachable to the plastic shell in addition to being fixable to the housing component, and limiting the movement of the control piston and/or the control sleeve.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus includes a driving-side rotating member, an driven-side rotating member, a cam shaft, a control valve switching supply and discharge of a working fluid relative to an advanced angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber, an advanced angle-side oil passage, a retarded angle-side oil passage, a spider provided with a first oil passage and a second oil passage, a seal mechanism partitioning between at least one of the first oil passage and the second oil passage, and an outside space, and the seal mechanism allows air to come in the at least one of the first oil passage and the second oil passage in a case where pressure inside the at least the one of the first oil passage and the second oil passage is lower than air pressure of the outside space.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus includes a driving side rotation member synchronously rotating with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a driven side rotation member including a rotation peripheral surface, an intermediate lock mechanism for locking a rotational phase of the driven side rotation member at an intermediate phase between a most retarded angle phase and a most advanced angle phase, and a fixed member fixed to the internal combustion engine and including a fixed peripheral surface facing the rotation peripheral surface of the driven side rotation member. Plural seal rings each formed in an annular shape are positioned between the rotation peripheral surface of the driven side rotation member and the fixed peripheral surface of the fixed member, the seal rings positioned spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A durable system is disclosed for controlling variable valve actuation of an engine valve corresponding to a cylinder of an automobile engine. The system is designed to have a durability that exceeds the expected life of a conventional automobile engine. The system includes first crowned cam having a first lift profile, a second crowned cam having a second lift profile, and a rocker arm assembly. The rocker assembly includes a first arm having an end connected to said engine valve, having a high impact roller following the first crowned cam operating the engine valves according to a first lift profile. The rocker arm assembly also includes a second arm having slider pads riding on the second crowned cam to operate said engine valve according to a second lift profile. The slider pads have a sliding surface covered with an impact-resistant multilayer coating with its outermost coating being a wear-resistant coating.

Abstract: A three-shaft adjustment mechanism is provided including a drive part which can be connected to a drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, a driven part which can be connected to a driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner and an actuator which can connected to the adjustment shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. A first mechanical stop is arranged between two of the three shafts for defining an adjustment angle between the drive shaft and the driven shaft. According to the invention, an overload coupling integrated into the actuator is provided between the actuator and the drive part or the driven part.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including: an even number of inline cylinders, each accommodating a piston; a crankshaft rotatably mounted about an axis; first and second balance shafts rotatably mounted about balancing axes parallel to and separate from the engine axis; and first and second mechanisms for rotating the first and second balance shafts at rotating speeds that are dependent on a rotating speed of the crankshaft. The balancing axes of the first and second balance shafts coincide, and the second rotating mechanism adjusts a phase difference between angular positions of the first and second balance shafts around the balancing axis.

Abstract: A camshaft phaser (1), having a drive element (2), an output element (3), and a cover element (4), the cover element (4) being joined in latching-type, form-locking engagement with the drive element or output element (2, 3), and the cover element (4) having play-eliminator that eliminates a play in the connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a timing chain drive device which has high mechanical strength of the timing chain contact surface and small sliding resistance, and which, even when being brought into contact with a timing chain running at high speed, is difficult to wear. A first chain guide and a second chain guide, which give tension to a timing chain so as to prevent the timing chain from being slackened, are arranged, and a plurality of rollers, each of which is supported by a rolling element, are arrayed in each of the first chain guide and the second chain guide so as to be brought into contact with the timing chain.

Abstract: A system for preloading a latch used in a variable valve actuation system for internal combustion engines is disclosed. It includes a rocker arm assembly having a first arm for operatively engaging the first cam for a first desired lift profile, and a second arm for operatively engaging the second cam for a second desired lift profile. A selectively-activatable latch to operatively latch the second arm with the first arm. An electronic control unit (ECU) communicates with an oil control valve that changes oil pressure to the latch to cause it to secure the arms together, or allow them to move independently. Due to the short time period required to operate the latch, the ECU provides a signal for the oil control valve to supply oil pressure or release oil pressure prior to the rocker arms being engaged with the base circle of the cams. This effectively preloads the latch causing it to react quickly and within the small time period allowed to latch.

Abstract: A method of precision manufacture of an outer arm of a rocker arm assembly is performed by determining structures of a rough outer arm that would require precision processing and locations to support the structures as they are processed. Starting with at least one structure requiring precision processing, locations on the outer arm close to the structure to hold the outer arm during processing are determined that would cause minimal distortion of the outer arm during processing. The outer arm is then provided with clamping lobes at these locations. The clamping lobes of the outer arm are clamping into a fixture for manufacturing. The slider pad may now be precision ground while the outer arm is clamped in the fixture with minimal risk of distortion of the outer arm.

Abstract: A system for monitoring operation of an internal combustion engine having a rocker arm assembly for actuating an engine valve is disclosed. The rocker arm assembly includes a first arm with a first end, a second arm also having a first end pivotally connected near the first end of the first arm, a latch that when latched secures the first arm relative to the second arm in a latched mode, and when unlatched allows the first arm to move relative to the second arm in an unlatched mode. The system also employing a sensor attached to one of the first and second arms that can detect when the arms are moving relative to each other, and adapted to provide a signal indicating the sensed movement.

Abstract: A switching rocker arm having an outer arm having a first end, a second end, a first and second outer side arm having slider pads that ride on a second cam is disclosed. The switching rocker arm also has an inner arm disposed between the first and second outer side arms. The inner arm has a first end, a second end and a bearing disposed between the first and second end adapted to ride along a first cam. The inner arm is pivotably secured adjacent its first end to the outer arm adjacent its first end. At least one arm has an over-travel limiter structure limits pivoting motion of the first arm relative to the second arm. The switching rocker arm also exhibits decreased lash as the bearing wears, and increased lash as the latch and slider pads wear.

Abstract: A method for determining the alcohol content of a fuel mixture for a vehicle internal combustion engine that can be sequentially supplied with two types of fuel having a predetermined composition, at least one of which contains a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, includes, after feeding an amount of new fuel into the vehicle tank previously containing an amount of old fuel mixture, determining the first moment at which the new fuel mixture is supplied to the first injector. After the first moment, and from the first sufficiently long period during which the operating state of the engine is stabilized, determining an optional variation trend of the richness of the air/fuel mixture relative to a previously measured richness, deducing the type of new fuel supplied and, by cross-checking this information with the respective volumes of old and new fuels in the tank, determining the alcohol content of the new mixture.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a glow plug such that corrosion of connecting surfaces of a conductive member and a terminal member is suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Spark plug for an internal combustion engine, having a center electrode and a ground electrode arranged in radial direction around the center electrode, wherein an annular spark gap is formed between the center electrode and the ground electrode for igniting a fuel mixture by means of an electric ignition spark developing between the center electrode and the ground electrode, and wherein the ground electrode is contoured in such a way that particles reaching the region of the ground electrode can be removed from the spark gap under the influence of gravitational force.

Abstract: A starting system for outdoor power equipment that has a controller and a start button to control the activation of an internal combustion engine. The starting system includes a controller that receives a start signal from a start button. The controller monitors for the presence of an enable device in an enable device receptacle and, upon activation of the start button and the presence of the enable device in the enable device receptacle, the controller provides electric power to the electric load of the power equipment. When the start button is depressed for longer than a minimum engagement period, the controller initiates operation of the engine. If the start button is pressed for less than the minimum engagement period, the controller activates the electric load for an auxiliary period without starting the engine. During engine operation, if the start button is depressed, the controller terminates operation of the engine.

Abstract: An intake engine valve may have a tapered portion positioned between a valve head and a valve stem tapering from a larger size to a smaller size in the direction of the valve stem. The valve stem may include a small diameter portion positioned between a guide stem portion And a stem end portion on the side of the tapered portion and having a diameter smaller than a diameter or diameters of the guide stem portion and the stem end portion. The guide stem portion may be guided by a valve guide of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston (10) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a piston head (11) and a piston skirt (16), wherein the piston head (11) has a circumferential ring part (15) and a circumferential cooling channel (23) in the region of the ring part (15), wherein the piston skirt (16) has piston bosses (17), which are provided with boss bores (18) and which are arranged on the underside (11a) of the piston head (11) by means of boss connections (19), wherein the piston bosses (17) are connected to each other by means of running surfaces (21, 22). According to the invention, at least one axial bore (24a, 24b, 24c, 24d), which is closed to the outside and which is arranged between a running surface (21, 22) and a boss bore (18), is provided inside a piston boss (17), the at least one bore (24a, 24b, 24c, 24d) opens into the cooling channel (23), and the cooling channel (23) and the at least one bore (24a, 24b, 24c, 24d) contain a filling (27) of sodium and/or potassium.

Abstract: The volume of lubricating oil stored in the sump of an internal combustion engine for a vehicle is in significant excess of the volume of oil circulating through the engine at any one time. The circulating oil, drawn from the sump, may be rapidly heated during its passage through the engine, but the excess volume remaining in the sump dilutes and cools the circulating oil as it returns to the sump. By separating the oil volume into a portion which is circulated through the engine and a second portion which has only limited opportunity to mix with and cool the circulating oil the circulating oil may attain its operating temperature more rapidly. Once the stored volume of oil in the engine has also reached its operating temperature the circulating oil and stored oil may be recombined.

Abstract: A dual link internal combustion engine, as viewed in a crank axial direction where a crankshaft rotates clockwise, has a following relative configuration. A piston pin center axis is offset to a right side of a piston center line extending through a center of a piston crest surface of a piston. A movement trajectory of a link coupling center of first and second links is positioned to a left side of a piston reciprocation line. A piston center of gravity is positioned to the left side. An average value of a distance in the cylinder axial direction to individual points of the piston crest surface from a reference plane passing through the piston pin center axis and orthogonal to the cylinder axial direction in an area to the left side is greater than an average value of the distance in an area to the right side.

Abstract: A four-stroke engine incorporating a camshaft-less cam channel assembly configured to operate intake and exhaust valves in an extended expansion engine, wherein the intake stroke is shorter than the expansion stroke controlled cyclically by the control rod through a triplate during the four-cycles of the engine. When the triplate is made of stamped steel plates or stamped steel plates sandwiched together having holes to lighten the weight and connecting rod and control rod are of stamped steel plates. In another embodiment, a twin cylinder extended expansion engine is constructed having many common parts between the two cylinders.