Abstract: Provided is a fly exterminating apparatus where flies are attracted to a main body that is movable in an orbital-to-spin method and then are suctioned and captured by a vacuum negative pressure. Also, a shock generation part that generates an electrical shock due to current by being associated with the moving main body when contacting the flies is provided to exterminate the flies; a reflective plate that discombobulates the flies to make away with the flies is disposed to exterminate the flies through various methods. The fly exterminating apparatus includes a main body on which a caterpillar that orbitally rotates and wheels are disposed on a lower portion thereof to move in an orbital-to-spin method, an attracting unit mounted on the main body to attract flies, and a capture unit connected to the attracting unit to suction the flies attracted by the attracting unit by using a vacuum negative pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing transportation fuel and optionally a middle distillate, a diesel fuel, a heating oil, a jet fuel, a kerosene, an aviation gasoline, a gasoline fuel, or a lubricant base oil. The process includes the steps of (a) producing a naturally occurring aqueous fluid containing greater than 1 wt. % soluble carboxylic acids; (b) isolating at least a portion of the organic acids from the naturally occurring aqueous fluid; and (c) upgrading the isolated carboxylic acids. The step of upgrading the isolated carboxylic acids can include at least one of hydrotreating, hydrocracking, isomerization, esterification and FCC cracking. The aqueous fluid can then be used in processes for recovery of a mobile kerogen based product. Also disclosed herein is a process for preparing a biofuel comprising the organic acids isolated from naturally occurring aqueous fluid.

Abstract: A system and corresponding process for treating biomass, including by use of a plurality of pyrolysis treatment steps. The process can be used to provide a first pyrolysis product (e.g., intermediate), in the form of a carbon enriched material that contains substantially less hemicellulose content than the initial biomass, while substantially retaining and optionally enriching cellulose and/or lignin content as compared to the initial biomass. The process also includes a second pyrolysis device, adapted to further pyrolyze the first pyrolysis product in order to provide one or more gasses and/or vapors (e.g., providing condensable or non-condensable bio-products) and solid ash byproduct.

Abstract: A process and system for separating a light fraction, a bio-distillate fraction, and a heavy fraction from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable distillate including at least in part the bio-distillate fraction and a stabilizing additive, is provided. In addition, a process and system is provided for upgrading a bio-oil by use of a diluent and/or a recycle stream from the upgrading process to reduce fouling in upgrading equipment, such as a preheater and a hydrodeoxygenation unit.

Abstract: For increasing the concentration of stable water clusters in water solution an external electric field is applied to provide an alignment of electric dipole moments of the stable water clusters and for growing of the latter, the water solution with the stable water clusters is subjected to vigorous shaking by ultrasound to break the stable water clusters into a greater number of smaller stable water clusters, and products are produced with increased concentration of the stable water clusters.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing the energy required to remove moisture from biomass, carbonaceous materials and mixtures of the same. The method significantly reduces the energy requirements by removing moisture as a liquid and by transferring the moisture to the surface of the material where it is more easily and efficiently evaporated.

Abstract: Pelletized fuel products, methods, and apparatuses are provided. The method includes pelletizing at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere. The apparatus includes a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass, a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass, and an inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer.

Abstract: Pelletized carbonized biomass-based fuel products, methods, and apparatuses are provided. Methods include applying a binder and a first amount of water to at least partially carbonized biomass, applying a second amount of water to the at least partially carbonized biomass, and pelletizing the at least partially carbonized biomass in an inert atmosphere. Apparatuses include a feeder of at least partially carbonized biomass, a binder source and a first water source configured to provide a binder and water to the at least partially carbonized biomass, a second water source downstream of the binder and first water sources, a pelletizer configured to receive and pelletize the at least partially carbonized biomass, and an inert gas source configured to provide inert gas to the pelletizer.

Abstract: Quantum dot (QD) LEDs useful for plant, algael and photosynthetic bacterial growth applications. The QD LEDs utilizes a solid state LED (typically emitting blue or UV light) as the primary light source and one or more QD elements as a secondary light source that down-converts the primary light. The emission profile of the QD LED can be tuned to correspond to the absorbance spectrum of one or more photosynthetic pigments of the organism.

Abstract: The device for removing flowers from a fruit tree by pulling off from their branch is formed by a rod, a gripping and a puller. The gripper can be a handle. The puller is mounted at the end of the handle for pulling off flowers. The puller can be formed of at least one roller provided with fibers in the form of bristles, each roller being mounted articulated, freely rotating at the end of the rod, so that the transverse displacement of the rod into contact with the branch induces a rotation of each roller.

Abstract: A floral grouping package for a floral grouping having a bloom end and a stem end is disclosed. A wrapper is formed from a sheet of material or bag which is wrapped about at least a portion of the stem end of the floral grouping. The wrapped floral grouping is then positioned within a receiving space of a preformed sleeve whereby the wrapper is secured in a stable position about at least a portion of the stem end of the floral grouping by the preformed sleeve. A detaching element defines the detachable upper portion and a lower portion of the preformed sleeve so that the upper portion can be removed from the lower portion.

Abstract: A plug may be releasably mounted on a tip of a nozzle of an injector, and the injector may be pushed toward a borehole in a tree trunk so as to introduce and mount the plug in the borehole using the injector. Then, the injector may be operated to inject liquid into the borehole by way of the plug. Then, the injector may be withdrawn from the tree trunk, and the plug may remain in the borehole, such as for reuse. The plug may at least seek to function as a barrier device for both restricting contact between the borehole and the injector's nozzle, and restricting any backflow of the liquid from the borehole through the plug. The plug may include an elastic tube that functions as a check valve for restricting backflow through the plug.

Abstract: A method of growing a plant or its propagule is described. The method includes: (i) powering a light source with input power to generate an incident light; (ii) illuminating, for a period of time, a growth area of the plant/propagule with the incident light having a spectral profile defined by a first (i.e., between about 400 nm and about 470 nm), a second (i.e., between about 526 nm and about 570 nm) and a third (i.e., between about 626 nm and about 700 nm) set of wavelengths; (iii) achieving, using the incident light, a dry weight that is greater than that achieved if the growth area of the plant/propagule had been illuminated by another incident light with same amount of input power for substantially same period of time, and another incident light includes the first and the third set of wavelengths, but not the second set of wavelengths.

Abstract: A method of growing a plant or its propagule is described. The method includes: (i) powering a light source with input power to generate an incident light; (ii) illuminating, for a period of time, a growth area of the plant/propagule with the incident light having a spectral profile defined by a first (i.e., between about 400 nm and about 470 nm), a second (i.e., between about 526 nm and about 570 nm) and a third (i.e., between about 626 nm and about 700 nm) set of wavelengths; (iii) achieving, using the incident light, a final harvest index that is greater than that achieved if the growth area of the plant/propagule had been illuminated by another incident light with same amount of input power for substantially same period of time, and another incident light includes the first and the third set of wavelengths, but not the second set of wavelengths.

Abstract: A method of growing a plant or its propagule is described. The method includes: (i) powering a light source with input power to generate an incident light; (ii) illuminating, for a period of time, a growth area of the plant/propagule with the incident light having a spectral profile defined by a first (i.e., between about 400 nm and about 470 nm), a second (i.e., between about 526 nm and about 570 nm) and a third (i.e., between about 626 nm and about 700 nm) set of wavelengths; (iii) achieving, using the incident light, a photosynthetic productivity that is greater than that achieved if the growth area of the plant/propagule had been illuminated by another incident light with same amount of input power for substantially same period of time, and another incident light includes the first and the third set of wavelengths, but not the second set of wavelengths.

Abstract: A diffuse light reflector is disclosed for use in lighting fixtures including luminaires, light boxes, displays, signage, daylighting applications, and the like. The reflector includes a light reflective nonwoven, a polymer layer that enhances reflectivity, and an opaque blackout layer. The reflector can be laminated to coil steel or aluminum and can be formed in metal coil or sheet forming operations. The polymer layer can be easily cleaned of machine oils from the metal forming operations.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an expandable planting pot module mounted with a detachable bottom plate. The bottom plate may be configure to be a grinding tool to lose the bottom soil by twisting. The bottom plate is secured to the planting pot with a locking mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed are modular and stackable cultivation systems and growth bays, and purpose built structures including the systems and bays that are adaptable for crop cultivation and find use for methods of agricultural growth using soil, hydroponic, or aeroponic-based systems.

Abstract: A chemically-modified mixed fuel includes methane gas from at least two methane-production sources and can be utilized in any process that incorporates a Kellogg Primary Reformer. A method for producing the chemically-modified mixed fuel described herein includes providing a first methane-containing gas from a first methane-production source, providing a second methane-containing gas from a second methane-production source and blending the first methane-containing gas with the second methane-containing gas at a suitable pressure to form a chemically-modified mixed fuel. In some cases, at least one additional methane-containing gas can be provided from at least one additional methane-production source and blended with the chemically-modified fuel.

Abstract: A method and system for cost effectively converting a feedstock using thermal plasma or other styles of gassifiers, into an energy transfer medium using a blended gaseous fuel. The feedstock can be any organic material or inorganic combination to generate a syngas. The syngas is blended with any fuel of a higher thermal content (BTU) than the syngas. The resulting blended high thermal content fuel is used on site or reinjected into the fuel supply pipe line. Rock wool and accessory heat are produced to increase the efficiency of the plant.

Abstract: Provided is a gasification method of a carbon-containing material, the method including: (a) reacting a carbon-containing material to be treated under the presence of a catalyst with steam to produce a syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) generating a carbon dioxide rich gas by introducing a portion of the syngas that has produced in step (a) into a combustion process, and/or separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the syngas produced in step (a); and (c) recycling, to step (a), the carbon dioxide rich gas that has been produced in step (b). By the method, the necessity of separating or collecting and storing carbon dioxide for reducing carbon dioxide is eliminated to minimize costs for constructing a special device and facility for the separation or collecting and storage of the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for controlling the carbon conversion of a gasifier fuelled with a carbonaceous feedstock by mixing in biomass, the process comprising the steps of (a) pressurizing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock; (b) introducing the biomass and carbonaceous feedstock into the gasification reactor vessel; (c) partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock/biomass with a molecular oxygen-comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (d) measuring the C02 content of the syngas and comparing with a pre-determined value range; (e) adjusting the biomass/carbonaceous feedstock ratio by changing the biomass feed rate; wherein said biomass and carbonaceous feedstock comprises from 10 wt % to 50 wt % of biomass and wherein the level of biomass is adjusted within this range to control the carbon conversion.

Abstract: A push lifter is provided with a push-push mechanism. When a charger lid is positioned in a closed position to close a battery charging opening, the push-push mechanism holds a push rod in a standby state. When the charger lid, which is positioned in the closed position, is pressed so that the standby state of the push rod is cancelled, the push-push mechanism pushes the push rod with the urging force of a coil spring so that the charger lid opens. An illumination lamp turns off when a switch portion turns off due to the standby state of the push rod, and the lamp turns on when the switch portion turns on due to the standby state of the push rod being cancelled.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a garage door is presented. An alarm system includes an antenna mounted to a garage door. A signal generator logic generates a periodic signal based on a capacitive value of the antenna. The signal generator logic also provides transmit power to the antenna that is radiated away from the garage door. A detection logic detects if there is a change in a characteristic of the periodic signal caused by movement in proximity of the garage door. Amplification logic amplifies the change of the periodic signal. Alarm detection logic determines if the change is an alarm and an alarm response logic will stop a movement of the garage door when the change is an alarm resulting from movement near the door.

Abstract: A sliding door drive assembly is provided for a vehicle. The assembly includes at least one grooveless drum. The drum has a cable wrap surface and is rotatable to wind cable thereon and unwind cable therefrom. A guide is positioned to be aligned generally with a first axial edge of the cable wrap surface. As cable is wrapped on the drum, the angle of the cable (due to the position of the guide) biases the cable towards the first axial edge, so that successive wraps of cable are snuggly positioned adjacent prior wraps. In another aspect, a cable drum includes a ramp at a second axial edge of the cable wrap surface, which guides the cable radially outwardly to start a second layer of wraps of cable on the first layer of wraps. In another aspect, an absolute position sensor is provided for a powered sliding door.

Abstract: The invention relates to a passage barrier for controlling the access a building or a site, comprising a blocking element that can be pivoted or rotated in both directions about an axis in a defined angle from a blocking position in order to grant access, a drive motor and an overload coupling between the output shaft of the drive motor and the drive shaft of the blocking element. According to the invention, the coupling is designed as an asymmetrical overload coupling and the limit torque that must be overcome is greater in one rotational direction than in the other rotational direction of the blocking element. When the limit torque that must be overcome is greater in the direction of the access to a building or a site than in the direction of the exit, a reliable personal access control and, e.g. in a hazardous situation or in case of panic, the largely unhindered leaving of the building or site can be ensured.

Abstract: A mechanical gate opener is used to activate an opening mechanism for a livestock chute. The gate opener includes a weight, an elevating mechanism for lifting the weight to a set height, and a delay mechanism for extending the time from when the weight is released from the set height to when the weight strikes an actuator for the gate opening mechanism. One embodiment of the gate opener includes a diverter for diverting the released weight to prevent the weight from striking the actuator and initiating the gate opening.

Abstract: A rolling device is provided for opening and/or closing a door, having a rolling unit which can be connected to a fastening element to be fastened to the door, by means of a connecting element. The rolling unit has a drive unit which has at least one power accumulator and a drive, and which is connected to a wheel unit that has a drive wheel. The drive wheel, in the mounted operative position of the rolling device, is in frictional contact with a floor surface contiguous to the door. The drive unit together with the power accumulator and the wheel unit are immobilized on the rolling unit, the rolling unit being received so as to be freely mobile under the influence of its proper weight by means of a linear friction bearing formed between the connecting element and the fastening element.

Abstract: A device includes a base attachable to a first side of a door; a swing arm coupled to the base, the swing arm including a bracket flange configured to extend across an edge of the door between the first side of the door and a second side of the door opposite the first side of the door; and a biasing member coupled between the swing arm and the base and configured to urge the swing arm from a retracted position in which the bracket flange is adjacent the edge to an extended position in which the bracket flange is apart from the edge.

Abstract: A door interlock apparatus is disclosed. The door interlock apparatus has a body configured to couple to a first one of a door and an enclosure structure, the body having one or more angled self-locating features, a locking protrusion extending from a surface of the body and configured to couple with the locking member of an interlock mechanism, and a misalignment-accommodating mechanism configured and adapted to allow motion of the body. The door interlock apparatus aligns the locking protrusion and locking member during door closing, even when the door and enclosure structure are substantially misaligned. Electrical component enclosures, door interlock assemblies, and methods of assembling a door interlock assembly are also provided, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond material comprising a mass of diamond particles or grains exhibiting inter-granular bonding and a binder material comprises a non-metallic catalyst material for diamond, the non-metallic catalyst material for diamond comprising at least one nitrogen compound derived from an ammonium compound and/or at least one halide compound.

Abstract: A substrate includes a surface having blind apertures formed therein. The blind apertures formed in the surface are preferably arranged in a regular and repeating pattern, such as with an array. A super-abrasive material fills each of the blind apertures. Each apertures hole has an opening with a cross-sectional dimension in the range of 1 mm to 15 mm. The super-abrasive material filling each of the plurality of blind apertures may be a polycrystalline diamond compact or an impregnated diamond material (such as formed by fused tungsten carbide impregnating randomly distributed diamond particles). The blind apertures may be formed in the substrate using electrical discharge machining.

Abstract: An enclosure assembly includes a housing and a platform disposed within the housing. The platform is rotatably moveable about a vertical axis. A partition is attached to and moveable with the platform, and includes a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge. The first lateral edge and the second lateral edge of the partition are spaced from an exterior wall of the housing to define a gap therebetween. A sealing mechanism is moveable between a sealing position and an open position. The sealing mechanism is moveable into the sealing position to seal the gap between the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge and prevent light from passing through the gap. The sealing mechanism is moveable into the open position to vacate the gap and allow rotational movement of the platform and the partition about the vertical axis relative to the exterior wall of the housing.

Abstract: A precast pervious concrete panel is formed in a containment vessel under controlled conditions and allowed to reach an acceptable strength before removal from the containment vessel, thereby producing standard sizes or shapes for installation in the field. Each piece of pervious concrete may include slots cut into the piece at predetermined locations allowing installation of a joint connector; either dry or with a bonding material thereby allowing connection of multiple pieces into a solid slab. A strip material may be used under the slab joints to dissipate load bearing and allow the panels to slide together when picked up by the embedded lifting device. Multiple pervious concrete pieces can be combined with a collection system allowing collection/reuse of water passing through the panels. Precast pervious concrete panels can be used as inserts in ready mix or cast in place concrete frames allowing for easy replacement of the pieces.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a large concrete block for crane lifting. The large concrete block includes a large concrete block body (110) made of concrete, and a connection-wire-rope insert tube (120) made of synthetic resin. The connection-wire-rope insert tube is embedded at a medial portion thereof in the concrete block body in such a way that opposite ends of the connection-wire-rope insert tube are disposed at an upper surface of the concrete block body and oriented upwards. The present invention having the above construction can solve problems which have been caused in the conventional technique that uses a lifting eye member.

Abstract: A precast concrete column supports a building. In one exemplary embodiment, the precast concrete column includes a connector for securing a wooden column to the precast concrete column such that no portion of the connector extends beyond the cross-section of the wooden column. In an alternative embodiment, a jack screw extends from the distal end of the precast concrete column to provide height adjustment for the precast concrete column. In certain embodiments, an insert or tube is cast into the precast concrete column body to allow a fastener to traverse the precast concrete column body so that structural components of the building may be secured thereto.

Abstract: A tuned mass damper may be formed using one or more rotary magnetic dampers (108) coupled to a pendulous mass (102). The tuned mass damper thus formed may be used to suppress the motion of a man-made structure. The mass (308) of the tuned mass damper may be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the pendulous mass. The natural frequency of the tuned mass damper may be tuned by adjusting the distance from the mass center of the pendulous mass to the pivot point of the pendulum. The motion being suppressed may be generated by environmental factors such as waves, earthquakes, or wind, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foundation for a wind turbine, comprising an above-ground and a below-ground part (11, 12), wherein a connection facility (14) for a wind turbine is provided on the above-ground part (12), characterized in that the below-ground part (11) is produced at least partially from a wood-based material.

Abstract: A portable pathway apparatus for providing a path over an earthen surface that includes a pliable frame member comprising one or more layers; a row of mating holes disposed on each side of the pliable frame member; a set of independently adjustable steps coupled to the pliable frame member in a first orientation direction; wherein each independently adjustable step comprises an adjustment mechanism, and wherein each independently adjustable step is coupled to the pliable frame member with a mount that aligns with the row of mating holes on each of the corresponding sides of the pliable frame member, whereby each of the independently adjustable steps is also movable along a length of the pliable frame member.

Abstract: A structural design is proposed, comprising rear-ventilated cladding elements (1), in particular plates or boards, which can be hung in front of a supporting framework (2), in particular consisting of vertical support elements and horizontal bearing elements, wherein the cladding elements are each assigned a frame (3) which spans a rear-ventilation cross-section (4) and the upper and lower frame leg profiles (5, 6) of which have ventilation openings (8) leading to the front (7) of the cladding. In order to provide advantageous rear-ventilation conditions it is proposed that at least the upper frame leg profile interior (12) is assigned a splash guard (13) which is arranged in the manner of a labyrinth seal, adjoins the frame leg profile below the ventilation openings (8), covers the ventilation openings (8) and preferably faces with the free end thereof towards the front (7) of the cladding.

Abstract: A rain guard and wind deflector device employs a flat panel of transparent plastic material installed by its mounting edge and adjoining opposing linear sides to corresponding linear sides of a window frame or window trim. The flat panel has a width to its free end extending over a substantial portion of the width of a window pane slidable on an inner track for opening the window. The flat panel leaves a small gap distance from the typical window screen in an outer track space of the window frame to allow air ventilation under rainy or windy conditions, while deterring dampness or dust passing into the interior of the house. A preferred plastic material is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The flat panel can be preformed in standard sizes or cut to size and installed directly on the window frame or window trim without special tools and using common types of fasteners.

Abstract: A window assembly includes a pane of material through which light is passable and a plurality of thermobimetal elements positioned adjacent the pane. The elements each assume a first shape at a first temperature and a second shape at a second temperature. The elements reflect more light away from the pane when in the second shape than the first shape.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a fire protected steel structure with at least one fire protection panel covering the steel structure. The panel includes a perforated metal plate (14) and an inner expanding fire protecting layer (12) with a thickness (t1) on an inside of the perforated metal plate (14) and an outer expanding fire protecting layer (13) with a thickness (t2) on an outside of the perforated metal plate (14). The fire protecting layer extends through the perforated metal plate (14). Releasable mechanical fasteners for removable attachment of the at least one fire protection panel to the steel structure is provided. Furthermore, the invention concerns a panel for fire protection of a steel structure.

Abstract: A frameless mounting system for glass or the like includes one or more bracket assemblies that adjustably interconnect a sheet of material along an upper edge of an existing partition system. The bracket assemblies permit the sheet of material to be adjusted upwardly or sidewardly to align the sheets of material with adjacent sheets of material. Furthermore, the sheets of material can be tilted as required to align adjacent sheets. The sheet of material is preferably transparent glass, but may comprise various other materials such as polymers, translucent materials, frosted, or opaque materials.

Abstract: A wall is provided with a plurality of stud frames disposed in at least one row, an outer layer, an inner layer, and an insulation layer. The stud frames are coupled between the outer layer and the inner layer. The stud frames are provided with a front stud, a back stud, a top plate, a bottom plate and at least one support member. The support members are coupled with the front stud and the back stud. The front stud and the back stud are disposed vertically. The broad sides of the front stud are parallel with the broad sides of the back stud. The top plate and the bottom plate are disposed horizontally. The top member is coupled with a top end of the front stud and a top end of the back stud. The bottom plate is coupled between the front stud and the back stud.

Abstract: A connecting fitting includes a vertical frame attachment section 15a that can be attached to an inner surface of a vertical web 7a of a vertical frame 7A, 7B by way of bolts B2 in a state where the vertical frame attachment section 15a is disposed along the vertical web 7a, a brace attachment plate 14, connected to the vertical frame attachment section 15a, which enables attachment of an end of a brace 10A, 10B at a position inward of the vertical frame 7A, 7B, and a fixing plate 11, welded to the vertical frame attachment section 15a, which can be fixed to a beam member 4 or a foundation 2 in a state where the fixing plate 11 is disposed along an outer surface of a lateral frame 8A, 8B facing outward in a state of being disposed to make up a frame shape.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and corresponding methodology for providing a base support, such as including concrete, and used such as for a wind-driven generator. Precast concrete cylinders are stacked in place upon a platform that may be partially precast and partially cast in place during assembly and supported, in certain embodiments, by plural concrete legs, the other ends of which are supported on a unitary or subdivided concrete foundation. In other embodiments, the platform may be supported by ribbed concrete panels. The concrete cylinders are glued together using an epoxy and then secured by an internal vertical post tension system extending from the platform to the upper most cylinder. Different types of concrete are used between upper and lower sections of the stacked cylinders. The lower section uses reinforced concrete while the upper section used ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete.

Abstract: An interlocking web for use in insulated concrete form construction configured to engage with a like interlocking web to prevent horizontal and vertical relative movement between webs, the web including a pair of pillars adapted to be embedded within foam insulation panels, each pillar having a male connector at a first end and a female connector at a second end, the male and female connectors having complementary shapes to engage with respective female and male connectors of like vertically-aligned interlocking webs and a pair of bridges interconnecting the pillars.

Abstract: An imitation wood plank comprises an elongate planar member having a top surface, a bottom surface and opposing sides. The top surface includes a wood grain pattern. The bottom surface includes a central portion and side margins disposed on opposing sides of the central portion. An adhesive material for adhering the elongate member to a sub-floor is applied to the central portion and extends substantially the entire length of the elongate member. The side margins are free of adhesive and provide a pathway for moisture to migrate from the sub-floor through gaps between adjacent imitation wood planks.

Abstract: A non-composite insulated concrete sandwich panel system, and specifically a system for sandwiching together a layer of concrete with a rigid insulation sheet tied between the layers, that reduces or eliminates separation or cracking in the rigid insulation sheet, attributable to undesirable adhesion of the layer of concrete to the rigid insulation sheet. A slip-faced insulation panel is formed from an insulation panel, with a lower slip-sheet adhered to the lower face and an upper slip sheet adhered to the upper face. The slip-faced insulation panel is placed between the lower concrete layer and the upper concrete layer, the lower slip-sheet slip-able upon the lower concrete layer, and the upper slip-sheet slip-able on the upper concrete layer.