Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively obtaining bandwidth requests in a broadband wireless communication system. The method and apparatus includes dynamically varying technique combinations enabling a plurality of users to efficiently request bandwidth from a shared base station. A user may “piggyback” a new bandwidth request upon, or set a “poll-me bit” within, presently allocated bandwidth. A base station may poll users, individually or in groups, by allocating unrequested bandwidth for new requests. Polling may respond to a “poll-me bit,” and/or it may be adaptively periodic at a rate based on communication status parameters, such as recent communication activity and connection QoS levels. Group polling permits a possibility of collisions. Polling policies may be established for dynamically varying user groups, or may be determined for each user. Dynamic selection of appropriate polling techniques makes use of efficiency benefits associated with each technique.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for integrating a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) client in a wireless PC card are disclosed. A soft mobile phone client is combined with a cellular PC card to create a single physical device that is capable of providing VoIP services to a computer user through the cellular capabilities of the device itself, or alternatively, through any other Internet connectivity available to the computer. When a user inserts the VoIP client/Cellular PC Card into a computer, a graphical user interface (GUI) within the connection manager software is launched allowing the user to communicate VoIP function commands to the VoIP client. A check for Internet connectivity may be performed, at which time the Radio portion of the enhanced PC card may be put into an idle state if connectivity is detected, or may alternatively establish Internet connectivity through the cellular portion of the enhanced PC card.

Abstract: A method and system for maintaining quality of service parameters for transmissions as a native Ethernet service between a first network having a first communication protocol and a second network having a second communication protocol that is different from the first communication protocol. The interworking device includes a first network interface operable to communicate with the first communication network using the first communication protocol, a second network interface operable to communicate with the second communication network using second communication protocol and a processing unit in communication with the first network interface and the second network interface. The processing unit receives a frame from the first network in the first communication protocol, maps parameters corresponding to quality of service parameters in the first communication protocol to quality of service parameters in the second communication protocol and assembles a data packet in the second communication protocol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing reverse auto-negotiation, in which one network device establishes a link with another network device at a preferred operating mode (e.g., the lowest speed) common to both devices without linking twice. The physical layer of a local network device (local PHY) may stall the normal auto-negotiation process with the link partner, while receiving the abilities of the link partner. The local PHY may then transmit a signal having only the preferred common operating mode (e.g., the lowest speed) encoded within. The link partner may then conclude that the local PHY is only capable of the preferred common operating mode (e.g., the lowest speed) and a link between the two devices may be established at that common mode.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for reducing transceiver power via a variable symbol rate are provided. In this regard, an Ethernet transmitter may be enabled to transmit data at a variable symbol rate, wherein the symbol rate is determined based on a state of a link coupled to said Ethernet transmitter and/or resources available to said Ethernet transmitter. In this regard, link state may comprise one or more of, for example, available bandwidth, bit error rate, packet error rate, and link utilization; and resources may comprise one or more of, for example, power, buffer space, and processor time. Accordingly one or more threshold for link state and/or resources may be determined and the symbol rate may be adjusted when those thresholds are exceeded. Aspects of the invention may enable defining and/or transmitting unique symbols to identify possible symbol rates and/or a change in symbol rate.

Abstract: Policy-based, on-demand provisioning of optical transport bandwidth is disclosed. In one of many possible embodiments, a system is provided for policy-based, on-demand provisioning of optical transport bandwidth. The system includes a layer-specific operation support subsystem (OSS) configured to manage network elements that form a sub-network over an optical transport network. The optical transport network provides bandwidth-on-demand provisioning capabilities. The layer-specific OSS includes one or more predefined bandwidth provisioning policies. The layer-specific OSS is configured to selectively request on-demand provisioning of bandwidth on the sub-network based on the predefined bandwidth provisioning policies.

Abstract: The present invention allows communicating devices to control the amount of compression used in packet sessions for transmitting streaming media to and from each other. When a communicating device detects a decrease in performance or quality of service indicative of a limited bandwidth condition, the amount of compression for the current or subsequent sessions is temporarily increased to allow the currently available bandwidth to support the session or subsequent sessions. After a set period of time, or when the limited bandwidth condition is removed, communications associated with the sessions can revert back to transporting uncompressed data or reducing the amount of compression for the sessions, thus using more of the available bandwidth.

Abstract: A system for provisioning virtual circuit information in packet has a plurality of access modules that are inserted into slots of a chassis at a network facility. Each access module is provisioned with sets of Ethernet virtual circuit (EVC) attribute data in order to provide the access module with sufficient information to handle data packets carried by EVCs serviced by the access module. Rather than manually provisioning each access module with EVC attribute data, the sets of attribute data are stored at a central location. Each access module has logic that is configured to automatically retrieve, from the central location, sets of attribute data associated with the EVCs to be serviced by the access module. The logic then automatically provisions the access module to handle data packets carried by such EVCs.

Abstract: A plurality of individual physical layer (PHY) data units having independent data for a plurality of stations are generated. The plurality of individual PHY data units includes a first individual PHY data unit corresponding to a first station, a second individual PHY data unit corresponding to a second station, and a third individual PHY data unit corresponding to a third station. The second individual PHY data unit includes a first midamble of an aggregated PHY data unit, and the third individual PHY data unit includes a second midamble of the aggregated PHY data unit. The aggregated PHY data unit is generated to include the plurality of individual PHY data units, wherein the first midamble includes information that indicates a location within the aggregated PHY data unit of the third individual PHY data unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband wireless access system, and more particularly, to a frame structure to which OFDM symbols having a cyclic prefix are transmitted. A method of constructing a frame in a broadband wireless access system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises including one or more first subframes in the frame, the first subframes including a plurality of symbols having a cyclic prefix of a first length; and including one or more second subframes in the frame, the second subframes including a plurality of symbols having a cyclic prefix of a second length different from the first length, wherein the number of the first subframes and the number of the second subframes are determined considering an idle time for which effective symbols are not included in the frame.

Abstract: In a wireless network in which communication devices are configured to use a first guard interval between symbols or a second guard interval between symbols, wherein the first guard interval has a length shorter than a length of the second guard interval, a field is generated to indicate a set of one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) supported by a first device in the wireless network and to indicate whether each of the one or more MCSs is supported when using the first guard interval. A data unit that includes the field is generated and transmitted to a second device in the wireless network.

Abstract: More customization and adaptation of coded data streams may be achieved by processing the information signal such that the various syntax structures obtained by pre-coding the information signal are placed into logical data packets, each of which being associated with a specific data packet type of a predetermined set of data packet types, and by defining a predetermined order of data packet types within one access unit of data packets. The consecutive access units in the data stream may, for example, correspond to different time portions of the information signal. By defining the predetermined order among the data packet types it is possible, at decoder's side, to detect the borders between successive access units even when removable data packets are removed from the data stream on the way from the data stream source to the decoder without incorporation of any hints into the reminder of the data stream.

Abstract: A concept for estimating interfering channels in a multicellular radio communication system including a plurality of base stations and at least one mobile station is suggest, wherein pilot signals are transmitted from the base stations to at least a mobile station, additional pilot sequences are generated, a pattern is provided which defines a rule for distributing the pilot sequences to the base stations, the pilot sequences are modulated and superposed onto said pilot signals, and a pilot signal received at a mobile station is used for estimating interferences in the communication channel from the base station which transmits the pilot signal.

Abstract: The occurrence of false positives and the post-processing of digital streams subjected to examination by a deterministic finite state machine for character strings are reduced by combining location-based pattern matching, e.g. on packet headers, and content-based pattern matching, e.g. on payloads of packets. One scheme allows automatic transition from a header match state into an initial state of a content matching machine. Another scheme is based on a rules graph defining strings of match states and the examination of a list of match states (rather than characters) which have been previously determined, for example by means of header matching and content matching. The latter is also capable of comparing offset and depth values associated with the match states with offset and depth criteria.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transmitting a clock rate on a network link, seat of a speed timing signal (DR), consisting of at least synchronizing (A), at an input point (I) of this network, this speed timing signal with a reference external clock rate (ESR) for generating a synchronized speed timing signal (SDR) propagating on the network, and of extracting, at an output point (O) of the network, the reference external clock rate (ESR) from the synchronized speed timing signal (SDR) for utilization. The invention is for providing networks that are seats of a speed timing signal such as FastEthernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks or of higher speed Ethernet networks.

Abstract: A communication device that is to be connected to a providing server for providing time information via a network is provided. The communication device includes a congestion-degree obtainer to obtain a congestion degree indicating a condition of traffic in the network, a time information obtainer to obtain the time information provided by the providing server, and an obtainment restrictor to compare the obtained congestion degree with a predetermined reference degree of congestion, and restricts the time information obtainer from obtaining the time information if the comparison indicates that the traffic in the network is busier than the reference degree of congestion.

Abstract: A signal analysis/control system includes: a signal analysis unit which analyzes an input signal of a transmission unit and generates analysis information; and a signal control unit which controls the input signal of a reception unit by using the analysis information. Thus, the signal analysis is performed in the transmission unit. This reduces the calculation amount concerning the signal analysis in the reception unit. Furthermore, the reception unit can control each of the constituent elements of the input signal according to the signal analysis information obtained in the transmission unit.

Abstract: A laser apparatus uses a dysprosium doped chalcogenide glass fiber. The glass fiber has a laser pump operatively connected to it. The chalcogenide glass fiber is located in a laser cavity including one or more reflective elements such as a Bragg grating, a Bragg minor, a grating, and a non-doped fiber end face. The apparatus provides laser light output at a wavelength of about 4.3 ?m to about 5.0 ?m at a useful power level using laser light input at a wavelength of from about 1.7 ?m to about 1.8 ?m. Also disclosed is a method for providing laser light output at a wavelength of about 4.3 ?m to about 5.0 ?m using the apparatus of the invention.

Abstract: The optical fiber of the present invention has an input double-clad fiber containing high-reflection FBG, an oscillation double-clad fiber, and an output double-clad fiber containing low-reflection FBG. The output double-clad fiber is formed of a core, a first clad, and a second clad. In the output double-clad fiber, a high refractive-index resin coat section recoated with high refractive-index resin whose refractive index is the same as that of the second clad or greater is disposed at a part where the second clad is partly removed between an output end and the low-reflection FBG. The refractive index of the high refractive-index resin coat section gradually increases along the direction in which light travels through the first clad.

Abstract: Method for calibrating a tunable semiconductor laser having a phase section and a first Bragg reflector section, through which sections a phase current and a first reflector current, respectively, is applied, includes: a) selecting a phase current; b) identifying a range of reflector currents that achieves emission of light from the laser within a desired frequency band; c) scanning the reflector current(s) over the range of reflector currents, for each of at least two different phase currents, and reading the relative output power of the laser for each point scanned; d) identifying one stable operating point; e) identifying and storing one stable, continuous tuning line as constructed by interpolating; f) calibrating the laser frequency and observing a fed back signal from a target for the light emitted from the laser; g) measuring the temperature of the laser; and h) storing temperature and one operating point along the tuning line.

Abstract: A system is provided for providing high power, wavelength tunable, laser radiation, the system comprising: a plurality of seeder sources, each the source of the plurality having a different seeder wavelength; a Ytterbium doped amplifier chain, receiving radiation from the plurality of seeder sources and at least one pump source; a second harmonic generator communicating with the Ytterbium doped amplifier chain, the second harmonic generator comprising converting radiation of the seeder wavelength into radiation of a second harmonic wavelength; and wherein the second harmonic generator comprises a crystal having a plurality of grating segments, wherein each grating segment converts radiation of a different wavelength.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser module includes a semiconductor device including a semiconductor laser and a bending waveguide through which a laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser propagates, a beam splitter splitting the laser light into a first laser light and a second laser light, a plurality of detectors respectively arranged at different positions in a cross section of a light flux of the second laser light to detect the second laser light, and a waveform shaping unit provided on an optical path of the laser light. The waveform shaping unit is configured to make a relation between an output of the semiconductor laser and detection values of the detectors approach a linear relation.

Abstract: The luminance of a laser diode is a function of laser diode drive current. The luminance is also a function of other factors, such as age and temperature. A laser projection device includes laser diodes to generate light in response to a commanded luminance, and also includes photodiodes to provide a measured luminance. The commanded luminance and measured luminance are compared, and drive currents for the laser diodes are adjusted to compensate for changes in laser diode characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus of automatic power control for burst mode laser transmitter and method are provided. In one implementation a method includes: generating an output current with a modulation pattern determined by a transmit data and a transmit enable signal, and a modulation level determined by a first control code and a second control code, wherein a light signal is generated in response to the output current; generating a first decision based on a comparison between a photodiode current and the first reference current, a second decision based on a comparison between the photodiode current and the second reference current, wherein the photodiode current is generated in accordance to the light signal; and generating the first control code and the second control code in response to the first decision and the second decision.

Abstract: A driver circuit is provided which comprises a series-connected unit having a light-emitting element and a current limiting inductor directly connected to the light-emitting element, a regenerative diode which is connected in parallel to the series-connected unit and which regenerates energy stored in the current limiting inductor, a transistor which controls a current flowing through the light-emitting element and the current limiting inductor, and a controller which controls an operation of the transistor, wherein the controller controls the transistor according to a voltage value of a power supply applied to the light-emitting element.

Abstract: A laser pulse from an ultrashort pulse laser (USPL) is fired into the atmosphere. The USPL pulse is configured to generate a plasma filament at a predefined target in the atmosphere, in which free, or “seed,” electrons are generated by multi-photon or tunneling ionization of the air molecules in the filament. A second pulse is fired into the atmosphere to form a heater beam that impinges on the plasma filament and thermalizes the seed electrons within the plasma filament, leading to the collisional excitation of the electrons in the filament. The excited electrons collisionally excite various electronic and vibrational states of the air molecules in the filament, causing population inversions and lasing, e.g., exciting the C3?u?B3?g(v=0?0) transition of the N2 in the atmosphere to cause lasing at 337 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic circuit and a method for feeding power to at least one electrode of an alternating-current electric-arc furnace, particularly for melting metal. Known circuits of this type typically comprise a series connection with a transformer for providing a supply voltage for the electric-arc furnace from a power grid (1) and a AC power controller (8) connected between the transformer (6) and the electrode (11) for regulating the current through the electrode (11). According to the invention, a further development for such electronic circuits is proposed, which development has a simple design, is inexpensive and prevents overload of the AC power controller (8) even in operating modes of the electric-arc furnaces at high electrode currents. This further development provides to bypass the AC power controller with a bypass switch (9) that is opened or closed with the help of a controller as a function of the amount of current flowing through the electrode (11).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for generating a scrambling code, and the method includes: acquiring initial sequences X0, Y0; extending the initial sequences X0, Y0 for (?N/M?+1) times, and obtaining extended sequences X*, Y*, wherein, the N is a positive integer, 0<M?22, and “? ?” denotes rounded down; acquiring phase offset column vectors; and generating the scrambling code according to the extended sequences X*, Y* and the phase offset column vectors. The apparatus includes: a first acquiring module, an extension module, a second acquiring module and a generation module. The technical scheme of the present invention can process more users, reduce the processing delay and greatly improve the processing efficiency in the same system clock.

Abstract: In a closed-loop TPC for a channel using a wireless resource, to which frequency hopping is applied, a high quality reception is achieved for all RBs without applying another technique to each RB. This transmission power control method, in a mobile communications system that transmits signals by frequency hopping in a plurality of resource blocks, includes a transmission power control method that transmission-power controls a channel in a closed loop using a wireless resource to which frequency hopping is applied, measures a reception channel quality of received signals for each resource block (RB1 and RB2), and transmits a TPC command-bit via a downlink so that the reception quality that is independently measured at each resource block among the resource blocks is made equal to a target reception quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for acquisition of a signal (2) emitted by a satellite, by a receiver in a satellite Positioning System using a multi-code correlation and a multi-frequency correlation, also comprising the step in which if the error induced at the output from a first frequency-augmented correlator (14) at each instant in an integration period is greater than the code space between code correlators (12), the summated results of the first frequency-augmented correlator (14) are transferred to the summated results of a second frequency-augmented correlator (14), the second frequency-augmented correlator (14) using the same frequency-shift as the first frequency-augmented correlator (14) and being associated with a second code correlator (12) that is shifted by the code space from the first code correlator (12) with which said first frequency-augmented correlator (14) is associated.

Abstract: A circuit generates an output clock signal synchronized to an input clock signal. The circuit includes a reference clock port, a phase interpolator, and a phase controller. The reference clock port receives a reference clock signal. The phase interpolator generates the output clock signal that, as a function of a variable control value, is an interpolation between two reference phases. The reference phases are generated from the reference clock signal and have a reference frequency. The phase controller generates the variable control value providing a phase rotation rate. An output frequency of the output clock signal equals a sum of the reference frequency and the phase rotation rate. The output frequency matches an input frequency of the input clock signal.

Abstract: Assuring acquisition of symbol timing in a full-duplex data transceiver under inter-symbol interference conditions. One embodiment includes a transmitter comprising a first local clock having a first free running frequency, and a receiver comprising a second local clock having a second frequency initially set to a value higher than the first free running frequency. A first type decision-directed timing recovery mechanism is intentionally limited to only decreasing the frequency of the second local clock. A second type decision-directed timing recovery mechanism is not limited to only decreasing the frequency. The receiver receives symbols, decrease the frequency of the second local clock to a third frequency value using the first type decision-directed timing recovery mechanism, disables the first type mechanism after reaching the third frequency, and then phase-lock the second local clock to the optimal phase under MMSE criteria using the second type decision-directed timing recovery mechanism.

Abstract: A method for user equipment operation in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system having an base station, the method comprising measuring a channel between the UE and the base station, determining a quantized estimate using a codebook to approximate the measured channel, computing an error measure for the quantized estimate and transmitting the error measure and the quantized estimate to the base station for use by the base station in reconstructing an actual channel vector.

Abstract: Communication processing paths include distortions, such as DC offset in the baseband analog path, local oscillator feed-through distortion, and nonlinearity of gm's and power amplifiers which are calibrated for, separately or in combination. The cascaded DC offset and nonlinear distortions are modeled separately or in combination using even-and-odd order polynomials. A loopback path from the output of one or more distortion causing devices passes through a measurement and calculation module. The calculation module calculates predistortion polynomial's coefficients which will be stored in a look-up table to be used by a baseband predistorter to calibrate the path. The look-up table is stored locally or remotely.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a transmitter at a digital subscriber line (DSL) Cabinet configured to transmit a downstream signal in a subscriber line according to a power spectral density (PSD) mask, wherein the PSD mask comprises a relatively low power between a first transition frequency and a second transition frequency and a first relatively high power below about the first transition frequency and a second relatively high power above about the second transition frequency. Also included is an apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising selecting a first transmission frequency and a second transmission frequency for a PSD that meets a target data-rate for transmission in a DSL, and limiting the PSD between the first transition frequency and the second transition frequency.

Abstract: A data transmitting and receiving device and method are used for saving powers and maintaining the connection quality, stability and continuous link. The method includes the step of gradually adjusting the de-emphasis of the signal transmitted from the data transmitting and receiving device according to the setting value thereof. The method also includes the steps of transmitting training sequence signal with an amplitude and the default de-emphasis by the data transmitting and receiving device to the remote device, receiving the training sequence signal from the remote device, thereby the channel attenuation is estimated using the method, and a better de-emphasis is set up. Then, the data transmitting and receiving device gradually increases the amplitude of the training sequence signal and re-transmits it until the remote device receives the training sequence signal transmitted therefrom.

Abstract: An alternative approach to coping with the ever increasing demand for faster communications hardware is to design modems that are capable of operating its speeds at a higher data rate than a speed required for a single port of the standard communication rate for that modem. Basically, by utilizing a resource manager, that directs the data in and out of the various portions of the modem in an orderly manner, keeping track of which of the ports is being operated at any given point in time, a standard single port modem can be reconfigured, for example, at an over clocked rate, to manipulate the data input and output of a modem.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for calibrating a transmitting system (1) for transmitting data from a medium access control device (2) via a digital interface (IF1) to a physical layer (PHY) and an antenna (3) to a transmission line (4), wherein the physical layer (PHY) comprises a base band controller (5) and a data processing pipeline (6) comprising a plurality of functional blocks (FB1 to FB13), comprising the following steps: setting a calibration control register (R), thereupon, setting the transmitting system (1) to a calibration mode, wherein the transmitting system (1) generates a predetermined number of single test tones (T) and transmits the test tones (T) sequentially, and after transmission of the test tones (T), detecting the returned test tones (T) and measuring their levels, especially their power levels and the spectrum behavior of the transmission line (4).

Abstract: A communication system and method are disclosed. The system includes a receiver to receive and process a transmission signal provided from a transmitter based on a digital input signal, and to generate a receiver signal that indicates eye characteristics associated with transmission characteristics of the processed transmission signal. The transmission characteristics can be set by a digital filter associated with the transmitter based on filter parameters. The system further includes a transmitter training system to implement a plurality of experiments based on implementing Design of Experiments (DOE) to provide the filter parameters to the transmitter and to evaluate the corresponding eye characteristics to determine an output set of filter parameters.

Abstract: A method for noise rise estimation in a wireless communication system comprises receiving (210) of radio signals. An interference whitening (212) is performed. A useful signal power for a first user after the interference whitening is determined (214) for a plurality of time instances. Furthermore, a first user noise floor compensation factor is derived (216) based on combining weights for the first user used in the interference whitening. A probability distribution for a compensated useful signal power for the first user is estimated (218). A conditional probability distribution of a noise floor measure is computed (220). A noise rise measure for the first user is then calculated (222) based at least on the compensated useful signal power for the first user and the conditional probability distribution of a noise floor measure.

Abstract: A wireless transmission apparatus includes a service processing unit, a duplexer, a radio frequency receiving unit, a frequency synthesizer, and a controller. The controller controls, according to a reduced TR interval, the frequency synthesizer to adjust a frequency of a local oscillation signal which is output by the frequency synthesizer to the radio frequency receiving unit. The service processing unit continues to send a service signal as a self-checking signal, and a part of the self-checking signal leaks into the radio frequency receiving unit through the duplexer. After the radio frequency receiving unit mixes a received signal with the local oscillation signal, a frequency of the self-checking signal included in an output signal falls within a pass-band range of an intermediate frequency receiving unit, which ensures that the self-checking signal can be looped back to the service processing unit, thereby determines whether a fault occurs in its own transmission channel.

Abstract: An integrated receiver supports adaptive receive equalization. An incoming bit stream is sampled using edge and data clock signals derived from a reference clock signal. A phase detector determines whether the edge and data clock signals are in phase with the incoming data, while some clock recovery circuitry adjusts the edge and data clock signals as required to match their phases to the incoming data. The receiver employs the edge and data samples used to recover the edge and data clock signals to note the locations of zero crossings for one or more selected data patterns. The pattern or patterns may be selected from among those apt to produce the greatest timing error. Equalization settings may then be adjusted to align the zero crossings of the selected data patterns with the recovered edge clock signal.

Abstract: One or more embodiments describe a decision feedback equalizer for highly spectrally efficient communications. A method may be performed in a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The method may include initializing values of tap coefficients of the DFE based on values of tap coefficients of a partial response filter through which said transmitted symbols passed en route to said sequence estimation circuit. The method may include receiving estimates of transmitted symbols from a sequence estimation circuit, and receiving an error signal that is generated based on an estimated partial response signal output by the sequence estimation circuit. The method may include updating values of tap coefficients of the DFE based on the error signal and the estimates of transmitted symbols. The method may include generating one or more constraints that restrict the impact of the error signal on the updating of the values of the tap coefficients of the DFE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for predicting high dynamic range image blocks, wherein the systems and methods comprise a first image block and a second image block, where a received first prediction data of the first image block and a received prediction difference data of the second image block may be combined to determine a second prediction data for the second image block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an encoding apparatus, an encoding method, an encoding program, a decoding apparatus, a decoding method and a decoding program for adaptively controlling an encoding bit rate. Coefficient data obtained using wavelet transform is quantized, and segmented into bit planes. The coefficient data is entropy encoded from the bit plane of the MSB in a direction from an upper bit position to a lower bit position. Entropy encoding is stopped at a bit position where an amount of code has reached a target amount. On the bit plane, the coefficient data is entropy encoded from a lower frequency region to a higher frequency region. Data greatly affecting subjective image quality of a decoded image is selectively output while the amount of code is easily controlled.

Abstract: An image signal processor and a method thereof are provided. The image signal processor sets the subfields to the intermediate illuminating statuses and moves the subfields according to the motion vectors, to display an image on a plasma display panel (PDP). Accordingly, problems such as pseudo contour, motion blur or rounding error can be prevented, and an image enhancement of a PDP is provided.

Abstract: To improve the encoding compressibility of prediction residuals. An encoder performs prediction analysis of input time-series signals to generate prediction residuals expressed by integers, and sets an integer separation parameter that depends on the amplitude of the prediction residuals for each certain time segment. The encoder selects a side information code table corresponding to an index representing the prediction effectiveness of the time-series signals from a set of side information code tables including a side information code table used for variable length coding of side information corresponding to the separation parameter.

Abstract: A method of performing block matching on a video image of progressive data includes: receiving the video image; storing the video image to a first storage; loading a current macroblock pair and a current search window of the video image to a second storage and utilizing the current search window to perform block matching for the current macroblock pair; and loading a next macroblock pair and a plurality of macroblocks corresponding to a non-overlapped area of a next search window to the second storage to perform block matching for the next macroblock pair.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and device for video-stream frame rate adaptation. The method includes: allocating a buffer space for each of at least one video conference room respectively and dividing the buffer space into at least one segment, each segment of which is used for buffering a video frame; and performing following steps for each of the at least one video conference room: generating a pulse signal for the video conference room periodically according to a certain pulse rate; and performing a data writing operation for a segment of the corresponding buffer space at an input-video-stream frame rate of the video conference room, and performing a reading operation for a segment of the buffer space at an output-video-stream frame rate. This invention also provides an FPGA chip and a video stream processing apparatus. The invention simplifies frame rate adaptation design, and reduces system processing overhead during the frame rate adaptation.

Abstract: Rate control algorithms are adapted to cover multiple encoding standards. A rate controller includes an input adaptation interface, a core rate controller, and an output adaptation interface. The input adaptation interface converts rate control input parameters of a target encoding standard to corresponding native control input parameters of the rate controller. The core rate controller is coupled to the output of the input adaptation interface generating output parameters conforming to its native encoding standard. The output adaptation interface is coupled to the output of the core rate controller converting the generated output parameters to equivalent rate control output parameters conforming to the target encoding standard.