Abstract: A method for producing power from geothermal fluid includes: separating the geothermal fluid in a flash tank into geothermal vapor comprising steam and non-condensable gases, and geothermal brine; supplying the geothermal vapor to a vaporizer; vaporizing a preheated motive fluid in the vaporizer using heat from the geothermal vapor to produce heat-depleted geothermal vapor and vaporized motive fluid, wherein the heat content in the geothermal vapor exiting the flash tank is only enough to vaporize the preheated motive fluid in the vaporizer; expanding the vaporized motive fluid in a vapor turbine producing power and expanded vaporized motive fluid; condensing the expanded vaporized motive fluid in a condenser to produce condensed motive fluid; and preheating the condensed motive fluid in a preheater using heat from the heat-depleted geothermal vapor and the geothermal brine, thereby producing the preheated motive fluid, make-up water and heat-depleted geothermal brine.

Abstract: A solar thermal power plant includes a solar radiation receiver mounted on a tower surrounded by a heliostat field to receive solar radiation reflected by heliostats forming the heliostat field. The power plant includes a power generation circuit including a steam turbine for driving an electrical generator to produce electrical power, and water in the power generation circuit is capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected onto the solar radiation receiver by the heliostat field to generate steam to drive the steam turbine. The power plant also includes an energy storage circuit including a thermal energy storage fluid, such as molten salt, which is capable of being heated directly by solar radiation reflected by the heliostat field. A heat exchanger is also provided for recovering thermal energy from the thermal energy storage fluid in the energy storage circuit; the recovered thermal energy may then be used to generate steam to drive the steam turbine.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a working fluid of a gas turbine-solar power generation system, comprising, sequentially connected, a cold air flow channel, a heat collecting cavity, and a hot air passage. The hot air passage is formed by connecting an inner housing on the front side to a supplemental heating section on the rear side. Also comprised is a burner for heating a primary heating air within the supplemental heating section when having insufficient solar power, and the burner is arranged at the supplemental heating section.

Abstract: Provided is a power generating apparatus capable of using power generated by a heat engine in combination with power of a driving source provided separately from the heat engine. In order to prevent a problem caused when activating and stopping the apparatus, the apparatus of the present invention includes a rotary machine driving source which generates a rotational driving force for a rotary machine and a heat engine which drives the rotary machine in cooperation with the rotary machine driving source, wherein the heat engine includes an expander which expands an evaporated working medium so as to generate a rotational driving force, the expander is provided with a bypass pipe which causes a working medium inlet of the expander to communicate with a working medium outlet thereof, and the bypass pipe is provided with an on-off valve which opens and closes the bypass pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a steam cycle process for using the heat of an internal combustion engine (2), comprising a conduction circuit (4) in which a working medium circulates. Said conduction circuit (4) comprises at least one pump (6, 13), at least one heat exchanger (8), an expansion machine (10), a feedwater tank (14) for storing the liquid working medium, and a condenser (12). Components of the conduction circuit (4) are frost-proofed by partially evacuating the liquid working medium. After the end of the circulation of the working medium, at least one of the pumps (6, 13) continues to operate in order to evacuate the working medium at least from the pump (6, 13) which continues to operate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for operating a fuel supply system for a marine structure. The fuel supply system includes a BOG compression unit configured to receive and compress BOG generated in a storage tank, a reliquefaction apparatus configured to receive and liquefy the BOG compressed by the BOG compression unit, a high-pressure pump configured to compress the liquefied BOG generated by the reliquefaction apparatus, and a high-pressure gasifier configured to gasify the liquefied BOG compressed by the high-pressure pump. The fuel supply system includes a recondenser installed at an upstream side of the high-pressure pump, and the recondenser recondenses a portion or all of the generated BOG by using liquefied gas supplied from the storage tank. During a ballast voyage process, all of the BOG is supplied to and recondensed by the recondenser, and an operation of the reliquefaction apparatus is interrupted.

Abstract: In a fossil fuel waste incineration or plasma gasification process, waste heat generated by combustion of waste is captured by a heat transfer fluid and conveyed to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for energy recovery. In the case of a fossil fuel-fired waste incineration system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a double-walled combustion chamber, a heat exchanger being used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). In the case of a plasma waste gasification system, the heat transfer fluid captures waste heat from a plasma torch, a gasification chamber and combustion chamber cooling jackets as well as any other high-temperature components requiring cooling, and then a heat exchanger used to cool the hot process exhaust (gas cooler). The heat exchanger may take on several configurations, including plate or shell and tube configurations.

Abstract: In a system combining a power generation apparatus and a desalination apparatus, the power generation apparatus includes a circulation circuit in which a first heat exchanger, an expander, a second heat exchanger having a space, the second heat exchanger for evaporating seawater and generating water vapor, and a working medium pump are connected in series, and a power generator, and the desalination apparatus includes a suction pump for suctioning a gas in the space, a control device for driving the suction pump in such a manner that an atmospheric pressure in the space becomes a saturated water vapor pressure, a condenser for condensing the water vapor led from the space, and a sweet water storage tank for storing sweet water (W) condensed in the condenser.

Abstract: A hydroelectric power generation device, comprises at least a potential energy generation unit including a control and load device, a withdrawal tank, a withdrawal pipe and a collection tank, where the control and load device acquires water from the withdrawal tank through the withdrawal pipe, and the collection tank is used to receive the water discharged from the control and load device; a steam boiler, acquiring hot water from a heat storage bucket of a solar water heater by way of a lower pipeline and generating steam, and then discharging steam to the control and load device via an upper pipeline; a gravity transmission unit, receiving water from the collection tank; and a generator set, converting the gravity introduced by the water in the collection tank into rotations thereby further generating electrical power.

Abstract: A component for a gas turbine engine, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a body portion and a cooling circuit disposed inside of the body portion. The cooling circuit includes a first baffle received within a first core cavity that extends inside of the body portion, a second baffle received within a second core cavity that extends inside of the body portion, and a first rib disposed between the first core cavity and the second core cavity. The first baffle is in fluid communication with the second baffle through the first rib.

Abstract: A fire seal includes a molded body having a base portion, a curved portion extending from the base portion, and a metal seal support surrounding said base portion and a radially inward surface of said curved portion. The curved portion has a partially circular cross section.

Abstract: A multipoint fuel injection system includes a plurality of fuel manifolds. Each manifold is in fluid communication with a plurality of injectors arranged circumferentially about a longitudinal axis for multipoint fuel injection. The injectors of separate respective manifolds are spaced radially apart from one another for separate radial staging of fuel flow to each respective manifold.

Abstract: A minimum pressure shut-off valve closes off fuel flow responsive fuel pressure being below a predefined pressure. A sleeve includes at least a first flow window and a second flow window. The second window includes a notch providing a flow area based on an axial position of a spool moveable within the sleeve.

Abstract: A mid-turbine frame buffer system for a gas turbine engine includes a mid-turbine frame that supports a shaft by a bearing. An air compartment and a bearing compartment are arranged radially inward of the mid-turbine frame. The bearing compartment is arranged within the air compartment and includes first and second contact seals arranged on either side of the bearing. The air compartment includes multiple air seals. A high pressure compressor is fluidly connected to the air compartment and is configured to provide high pressure air to the air compartment. A method of providing pressurized air to a buffer system includes sealing a bearing compartment with contact seals, surrounding the bearing compartment with an air compartment, and supplying high pressure air to the air compartment.

Abstract: A method for eliminating rotational stall in a compressor of a turbine engine, includes automatically detecting surge in the turbine engine; automatically shutting-down the turbine engine; in the event surge is detected, automatically restoring a surge margin; and automatically re-igniting the turbine machine.

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting and controlling flashback and flame holding in a combustor of a gas turbine. The system includes at least one flame indicator disposed in a combustor and at least one detector disposed downstream from the flame indicator. The flame indicator may be configured to produce light when exposed to a flame and the detector may be configured to detect the light produced by the flame indicator.

Abstract: Methods and systems for substance profile measurements in gas turbine exhaust. In an embodiment, a concentration of a substance may be determined and associated with a combustor out of a plurality of combustors. An alert may be transmitted in reference to the combustor when the concentration of the substance crosses a threshold level.

Abstract: Discrete bleed behind stator vane platform is provided. The discrete bleed behind stator vane platform relates to a system for bleeding off a working fluid from an inner volume (Vi) of a turbo-machine. The system includes a vane carrier with an annular rail and a vane device comprising at least one vane element, a vane platform and a vane root. The vane element is mounted to the vane platform and the vane root is mounted to the annular rail. A first annular cavity is formed between the vane platform and the annular rail, wherein an annular gap is formed between an edge of the vane platform and the vane carrier such that a part of the working fluid of the turbo-machine is bleedable through the annular gap into the first annular cavity. A second annular cavity is formed between the vane root, the annular rail and the vane carrier, wherein at least one inlet hole is formed into the annular rail for coupling the first annular cavity and the second annular cavity.

Abstract: An assembly including an intermediate case of a bypass turbojet engine and of an inter-jet case extending upstream of the intermediate case to separate a primary air jet of the turbojet engine from its bypass air jet, the inter-jet case including, passing through it, a closable duct for diverting part of the primary flow to the bypass flow thereby forming a blow-off valve for the LP compressor, the intermediate case including arms passing across the bypass flow and the inter-jet case in its internal cavity including a first chamber situated upstream of the arms and a second chamber situated level with the arms, the duct being open or closed off by an annular component capable of axial movement set in motion by an arm that can rotate about a fixed pivot under action of a control cylinder, the cylinder being positioned in the second chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bracket mount assembly for use in a gas turbine engine. The bracket mount assembly includes a communicating member, a mount, and a bracket. The bracket is supported by a static engine structure, and is mounted to the communicating member by way of the mount. Further, the bracket includes a first wall and a second wall, as well as a bend positioned there between, and the bend includes a gusset. The gusset provides a depression in the bend. The gusset and the bracket are made from a single piece of metal.

Abstract: A magnetic body is provided to improve heat transport capability and heat transport efficiency. A magnetic body arranged plate has magnetic body units each including magnetic members. Low-temperature side and high-temperature side heat exchange units are disposed at ends of each magnetic body unit. Permanent magnets and heat conductive members are arranged on a magnet/heat conductive member arranged plate. When the magnetic body arranged plate and the magnet/heat conductive member arranged plate are moved relative to each other, the permanent magnets apply magnetism separately to the magnetic members of each magnetic body unit. The magnet/heat conductive member arranged plate creates a temperature difference and conducts heat in one direction between the magnetic members, the low-temperature side heat exchange unit, and the high-temperature side heat exchange unit.

Abstract: A water cooler kit is provided for use with an evaporative cooler of a type comprising at least one cooling pad, a water reservoir, a water inlet to supply water to the reservoir from a water supply at least one conduit for distributing water onto said at least one cooling pad, a fan for moving air through said cooling pad, and a pump for transferring water from said reservoir to said conduit. The water cooler kit comprises a cooling plate disposed in the reservoir, a heat dissipating structure disposed outside of the evaporative cooler, and a heat transferring thermal conductor between the cooling plate and the heat dissipating structure to transfer heat from the cooling plate to the heat dissipating structure so that heat is extracted from water in the reservoir and dissipated outside the evaporative cooler.

Abstract: A cooling device for electronic components is a combination of substrate (aluminum nitride substrate—thermoelectric elements—aluminum nitride substrate) and utilizing the temperature difference generated by two top and bottom ends of the cooling device to effectively remove the heat generated by the electronic components. This cooling device not only can effectively reduce temperature of the electronic components, but also store the power generated by its thermoelectric effect.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module includes an insulating substrate, plural electrodes formed on a component side of the insulating substrate, plural pettier elements each mounted on and electrically connected to the electrodes, and a mark for image recognition formed at least one of the electrodes, the mark for image recognition having lightness and/or saturation which is different from lightness and/or saturation of the electrode on an image. An entire of the electrode is usable as an electrical conduction path.

Abstract: An arrangement of a thermoelectric heat pump in at least one first fluid circuit, one second fluid circuit and one third fluid circuit is provided for a motor vehicle. The arrangement has a first heat exchanger provided for exchange of heat between a fluid of the first fluid circuit and a fluid of a third fluid circuit, and a second heat exchanger is provided for the exchange of heat between a fluid of the second fluid circuit and the fluid of the third fluid circuit. In each case one thermoelectric element is arranged between the heat exchange regions of the first heat exchanger and between the heat exchange regions of the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A bottom mount refrigerator is provided including a thermal battery or phase change material positioned within the refrigerator or freezer in order to increase energy efficiency and compartment sizes of the refrigerator. The thermal battery can be used with an ice maker to aid in removing heat from the water in the ice maker to produce ice. Furthermore, the phase change material or thermal battery may be used with a thermoelectric cooler to aid in ice production. The phase change material may be tuned to various temperatures according to the desired use of the phase change material, as well as the location of the thermal battery or phase change material. Other embodiments include positioning the phase change material in the liner of the compartments or in thermal storage units in order to further increase the energy efficiency of the refrigerator.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide is pumped via a high pressure pump to a vaporizer where the liquid becomes gas. The higher pressure gas is cooled by a coolant exchanger and can be fed to an onsite unit operation such as an enhanced oil recovery operation. The coolant exchanger is in a thermal exchange relationship with a combustion engine which powers a hydraulic pump which feed hydraulic fluid to drive the high pressure pump.

Abstract: Described herein are at least systems and methods for cryogenic fluid delivery which utilize pumpless delivery of cryogenic fluid. The systems and methods utilize hydraulic pressure, saturation pressure, or a combination of both hydraulic pressure and saturation pressure to deliver cryogen to a use device, such as an engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an air conditioner (1) for treating the air of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. The air conditioner (1) exhibits a refrigerant circuit (2) configured for a combined cooling unit and heat-pump mode and for a post-heating mode. In the heat-pump mode with a first and a second heat source, two heat sources differing from each other can be used. A temperature of the first heat source, a temperature of the second heat source, and a regulation characteristic number and a maximum pressure are taken into account in the refrigerant circuit (2) for operating the air conditioner (1) in a heat-pump mode. The invention additionally relates to a method for switching between the two heat-pump modes.

Abstract: A climate control system generally includes a conditioning system for controlling air conditions of a space and a drain fitting coupling a condensate drain line to an air circulation unit of the conditioning system. The drain fitting includes multiple sensors configured to detect a water level in the air circulation unit relative to the drain fitting, and to output a signal to a controller indicative of contact with water. The controller is then configured to output a signal to a thermostat of the conditioning system upon determining that the water level is indicative of the drain line being plugged or blocked. The climate control system may also include a remote service provider system that allows remote interaction with the conditioning system.

Abstract: A method for freezing a plurality of conditioning tubes is provided, each tube filled with a predetermined volume of biological substance, including arranging each conditioning tube directly into a conditioning unit placed in a cooling enclosure then causing the enclosure to be passed through by a flow of cooling agent and simultaneously driving the conditioning unit (6) in rotation, and providing the unit (6) with a greater capacity than the plurality of tubes; wherein the step of arranging each tube directly in a unit is carried out by placing the plurality of tubes into the unit, and the step of driving the unit in rotation is implemented by setting each tube in motion with respect to the unit and with respect to the other tubes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for increasing the miscibility of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a lubricating oil, and in particular with a polyalkylene glycol oil. In this regard, the invention provides heat-transfer compositions and also equipment and processes using these compositions.

Abstract: A heating, cooling, and power device includes a shaft and an expander coupled to the shaft to rotate the shaft. A first conduit is coupled to the expander and configured to transport a working fluid. A heater is coupled through the first conduit to the expander. A heat pump is coupled to the shaft. An electric machine is coupled to the shaft to produce electricity or mechanical shaft power. A recuperator includes a second conduit coupled between the expander and recuperator. The heat pump includes a first heat exchanger including a second conduit coupled between the expander and the first heat exchanger. An expansion device includes a third conduit coupled between the first heat exchanger and the expansion device. A second heat exchanger includes a fourth conduit coupled between the expansion device and second heat exchanger. A compressor is coupled to the shaft.

Abstract: A method of operating an evaporator assembly in which a refrigerant is circulatable to transfer heat out of air in a housing. The evaporator assembly includes a thermostat that completes a solenoid control circuit when the temperature of the air in the housing is above a predetermined cut-in temperature, and opens the solenoid control circuit when the temperature of the air is below a predetermined cut-out temperature. The thermostat completes a fan control circuit when the solenoid control circuit is open, and opens the fan control circuit when the solenoid control circuit is completed. A fan controller detects a signal voltage when the fan control circuit is completed, and provides a first predetermined drive voltage to a fan motor drive. Upon the fan controller failing to detect the signal voltage, a second predetermined drive voltage being greater than the first predetermined drive voltage is provided to the motor drive.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning system for conditioning the air of a passenger space of a motor vehicle, the system including a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, a first heat exchanger for the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the environment and a second heat exchanger for supplying heat from the refrigerant to the air supply to be conditioned for the passenger space. The refrigerant circuit further includes, in the flow direction of the refrigerant after the compressor, a valve arrangement. The valve arrangement comprises a branch, a first valve arranged between the branch and the second heat exchanger, and a second valve arranged between the branch and the first heat exchanger. The first valve is designed with a normally open (NO) valve characteristic and the second valve with a normally closed (NC) valve characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger arrangement for heating of air, with a heat exchanger (8) which is integrated into a refrigerant circuit (60), configured to be able to have refrigerant flow through it and able to be impinged on by air. The heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the air. The heat exchanger (8) exhibits two components (8a, 8b) configured to be segregated from each other. The first component (8a) is configured with a condensation surface and a heat-removal surface. The second component (8b) exhibits a supercooling surface. Between the components (8a, 8b) on the refrigerant side, a refrigerant phase separation element is placed. The heat exchanger is configured as a tubular heat exchanger with tubes situated in rows, wherein the first component (8a) is configured with at least two rows and the second component (8b) with at least one row.

Abstract: The invention concerns an air conditioning system for conditioning the air of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle including a housing with a first flow channel and a second flow channel for conducting air and a refrigerant circuit with an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator is arranged in the first flow channel and the condenser in the second flow channel. The air conditioning system is designed for cooling and heating the passenger compartment and for a reheat operation. The setting of the operating mode is done only via the controlling of air guidance mechanisms. One of the heat exchangers evaporator or condenser is arranged with a part of the heat transfer surface in both the first and the second flow channel.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly for cooling of air includes a blower, an air duct and a heat exchanger integrated in a coolant circuit designed to allow coolant to flow therethrough and air to be applied to it. Heat from the air is transferred to the vaporizing coolant. The blower is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger in the airflow direction so that waste from the blower heats the air before reaching the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is designed as tubular heat exchanger with tubes arranged in rows having a double-row design. A method for operating a climate control system for a combined refrigeration system and heat pump operation for cooling and for heating, and a method for identifying and prevention of icing of the evaporator of the climate control system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments for controlling condensate in a charge air cooler are provided. One example method for an engine comprises cooling intake air through a charge air cooler and adjusting a vibration device of the charge air cooler based on charge air cooler condensation conditions.

Abstract: An air conditioning system comprises a housing defining a first airflow path therein between an outside air inlet over a cooling coil and an outlet for delivering outside air from said outside air inlet over said coil to the outlet, a second airflow path between a return air inlet over the cooling coil and to the outlet for delivering return air over the cooling coil, and a third airflow path between the return air inlet and the outlet for delivering return air through the housing without passing over the cooling coil. The system includes outside, return, and bypass air dampers that are sequentially moveable between open and closed positions for directing air through or preventing air from entering the first, second, and third airflow paths, respectively. A controller independently controls the opening and closing of each damper in response to data received from the sensor.

Abstract: An evaporator or a condenser includes a surface on which the operating liquid is arranged. Further, turbulence generators are provided to generate turbulences in the operating liquid located on the operating surface. In the condenser, alternatively or additionally, a laminarizer is present to make the vapor stream laminar provided by the compressor. On the evaporator side, the evaporation efficiency is increased and, on the condenser side, the condenser efficiency is increased, which may be used for a substantial reduction in size without loss of power of these components, in particular for a heat pump for heating a building.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in or relating to air conditioning and other installations, in particular to the removal of condensate and other liquids. We describe a method of preventing siphoning of a liquid through a pump having an inlet and an outlet, which outlet is coupled to a discharge line; the method comprising providing an air inlet valve in the discharge line. We also describe an air-inlet valve comprising a valve body having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet and a through-bore therebetween further comprising an air-inlet in fluid communication with the through-bore. Preferably, the air-inlet comprises a non-return or one-way valve.

Abstract: An A/C system can be provided. The A/C system can include an A/C unit and an equipment stand supporting the A/C unit. The equipment stand can include a plurality of legs. Each leg can include a hollow tube defining an interior hollow space bounded by an interior surface of the hollow tube and a longitudinal internal support means for strengthening the hollow tube integrally formed in the interior surface of the hollow tube. Further, an equipment elevation system can be provided that includes at least one piece of equipment and an equipment stand supporting the at least one piece of equipment.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus that cools an HV device includes: a compressor that circulates a refrigerant; a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and outside air; an expansion valve that reduces a pressure of the refrigerant; a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air-conditioning air; a cooling unit provided on a path of the refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger via the expansion valve in order to cool the HV device by using the refrigerant; and a four-way valve that switches between a refrigerant flow from the compressor to the heat exchanger and a refrigerant flow from the compressor to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A medium voltage power controller box is mounted on a chiller unit with the other components of the chiller system. The power controller box can be positioned on the chiller system unit to permit the power controller box to be close coupled to the motor, and specifically to the main motor lead exit hub without the need for any power conduit connections between the power controller box and the motor. In addition, the power controller box also does not require any control interface and receives controls from a control panel. A short conduit connection between the control panel and the power controller box is used to provide the necessary connections between the control panel and the power controller box.

Abstract: A hand held dry ice dispensing device. The device includes a handle, which may include two hand grip portions, and a canister attached to the handle. The canister has an open bottom end wherein dry ice flows outward there from. A valve is disposed in the canister and produces a vortex discharge of CO2 gas flow which sublimes and forms dry ice. The device may also include an actuating mechanism, as well as, a safety mechanism.

Abstract: A liquefied carbon dioxide producing apparatus that can generate high-purity liquid CO2 free from moisture and organic matter such as oil includes: a recirculating system that carries out a recirculating treatment on CO2; and an introduction device that introduces CO2 from an external source of CO2 into the recirculating system. The recirculating system includes at least an evaporator that vaporizes CO2, a condenser that condenses CO2 from an outlet of the evaporator, and a storage tank that stores liquid CO2 generated by the condenser. The liquid CO2 in the storage tank is fed to a point-of-use and to the evaporator. An adsorption device that removes moisture and organic matter (oil) is provided on a line from the external source of CO2 to the condenser at a position where CO2 gas flows.

Abstract: A method for removing condensable components from a fluid containing condensable components. The method involves optimizing the temperature of an initial feed stream including the condensable components through heat exchange and cooling to condense liquids there from. The liquids are removed to form a gas stream which is then compressed and after-cooled to form a high pressure stream. A portion of the high pressure stream is expanded to form a cooled low pressure stream which is mixed with the initial feed stream to augment cooling and condensation of condensable components in the initial feed stream.

Abstract: A process is described herein for the production of a selected quantity of ethane as a component of a production inventory of mixed refrigerant for an LNG production plant prior to start-up of the LNG production plant.

Abstract: A low cost and efficient design is used to convert a propane recovery process based on low nitrogen content feed gas to an ethane recovery process based on a high nitrogen feed gas while achieving over 95 mole % ethane recovery while maintaining a 99% propane recovery, and achieved without additional equipment.