Abstract: Provided is a filtration device with a plurality of filters that can be backwashed with purified water with a simple operation. The filtration device 1 switches between a water purification mode, a first backwashing mode, and a second backwashing mode, depending on a pivot position of a valve 6. During the first backwashing mode, while a tap water inlet 51 is in communication with a second tap water passage port 53, first and second purified water passage ports 54, 55 are blocked from communication with a purified water outlet 56, so that purified water from a second filter 3 flows backward through a first filter 2 and is discharged as drain water from a drain water outlet 57.

Abstract: A water filter cartridge having a housing with an inlet nozzle with a concentric, smaller outlet nozzle extending through the inlet nozzle with a space therebetween defining an inlet to a flow path passing through a filter and through the outlet nozzle. A diaphragm valve mounted to the outlet nozzle blocks upstream flow out of the inlet when the cartridge is not in use. An umbrella valve mounted on the end of the filter blocks downstream flow out of the outlet nozzle when the cartridge is not in use, thus reducing leakage when the cartridge is removed from the appliance.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a composite membrane excellent in both durability and moisture permeability. The present invention provides a composite membrane formed by laminating a layer of a moisture-permeable resin on one surface of a hydrophobic porous membrane, the composite membrane being characterized in that the layer of the moisture-permeable resin is included in a reinforcing porous membrane.

Abstract: Solids are separated from a liquid in a separator including a cylindrical vessel, a tube extending downwardly from the top of the vessel with a plurality of horizontal rows of alternating large and small holes extending around the tube. Liquid containing solid particles is introduced into the top of the tube and discharged radially through the holes creating a laminar flow. The liquid strikes the side of the vessel where heavier solids are separated and fall to the bottom of the vessel. Light solids and the liquid are discharged through a filter and an outlet at the top of the vessel.

Abstract: A phase separation tank for separating an aqueous liquid from an organic liquid, the tank comprising: (A) A separation compartment having a sloped bottom wall and an aqueous liquid outlet; (B) An organic liquid compartment separated from the separation compartment by an organic separator of a height that allows for the overflow of organic liquid from the separation compartment to the organic compartment; (C) An aqueous liquid compartment separated from the organic liquid compartment by an aqueous separator and separated from the separation compartment by the organic compartment, the aqueous liquid compartment equipped with an aqueous liquid inlet; and (D) Means for transferring aqueous liquid from the aqueous liquid outlet of the separation compartment to the aqueous liquid inlet of the aqueous compartment.

Abstract: The scum removal system for liquids is adaptable to wastewater treatment facilities, aquaculture facilities, oil spills, and/or other environments where the removal of a thin, buoyant layer of material from a liquid surface is desired. The system incorporates a geyser pump having one or more inlet pipes, with the inlet pipe(s) collectively having a larger diameter than the discharge pipe. This assures that the volume of water in the inlet pipe is always less than that in the discharge pulse, thus assuring that a steady, constant flow of liquid flows into the inlet opening to assure a uniform inertial flow of the floating contaminants into the inlet. The top of the inlet pipe(s) may be vertically adjustable for variable liquid level. The geyser pump may be submerged within the liquid or may be installed external to the liquid tank with the submerged inlet pipe communicating with the external pump.

Abstract: A fluid processing method includes extraction that can extract material to be extracted continuously with high efficiency. A thin film fluid is formed between at least two processing surfaces disposed facing each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other such that at least one rotates relative to the other. A fluid processing extracts at least one kind of material to be extracted in at least one kind of the extraction solvent that can extract that material to be extracted. The fluid containing material to be extracted and a fluid for extraction that contains the extraction solvent are mixed in the thin film fluid formed between the processing surfaces, and a fluid processing process extracts the material to be extracted into the extraction solvent.

Abstract: A water desalination system including at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit, including at least one reverse osmosis membrane and having a saline water inlet at a feed side of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane and a permeate outlet at a permeate side of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane, and an intermittent cleaning control subsystem operative to provide intermittent cleaning of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane by at least one of narrowing or closing the permeate outlet, thereby causing an increase of pressure of the permeate at the permeate side of the at least one reverse osmosis and reducing the feed pressure, without significantly increasing the permeate pressure, thereby causing permeate to flow from the permeate side to the feed side of a membrane and flushing foulants to a location outside of the desalination unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for an ozone-based treatment of polluted water are disclosed. The apparatus and the method generally comprise three stages. The first stage is an ozone treatment stage wherein the polluted water is treated with ozone gas. The second stage is a gas-liquid separation stage wherein excess non-dissolved gases, from the ozone treatment stage, are removed from the water whereby the water exiting the gas-liquid separation stage is substantially saturated with dissolved gases and substantially free of non-dissolved gases. The last stage is a membrane filtration stage wherein the gas-saturated water generally undergoes micro-filtration or ultra-filtration. Microbubbles formed during this final stage generally prevent the accumulation of particles and pollutants on the surface of the membranes and/or inside the openings or pores thereof; thereby acting as a self-cleaning mechanism for the membrane filter.

Abstract: A process for treatment of water. Hardness and non-hydroxide alkalinity are removed from feedwaters in amounts to substantially avoid scaling when concentrated. Sparingly ionizable components in the feedwater are urged toward increased ionization by increasing the pH of the feedwater, and, in an embodiment, up to about pH 10.5, or higher. In this manner, species such as silica become highly ionized, and (a) their rejection by membranes used in the process is significantly increased, and (b) their solubility in the reject stream from the membrane process is significantly increased. Sparingly ionized species such as boron, silica, and TOC are highly rejected, and thus, their passage through the membrane is reduced by a factor of ten or more. Recovery ratios of ninety percent (90%) or higher are achievable with many feedwaters, while simultaneously achieving a substantial reduction in cleaning frequency of membranes used in the process.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a concentration of total chlorine in dialysis water are provided. The system comprises a main unit housing a KI/water sample chamber and a sodium sulfate chamber. A first electrode pair bridges the two chambers and generates tri-iodide proportional to the amount of total chlorine in the water sample. A second electrode pair in contact with fluid in the KI/water sample detects an amount of tri-iodide generated by the first electrode pair. The system is suitable for use in connection with, or for incorporation into, a water purification system for generating dialysis fluid, and may include a display that alerts the user to stop or prevent a hemodialysis treatment if the total chlorine level exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a concentration of total chlorine in dialysis water are provided. The system comprises a main unit housing an iodide/water sample chamber and a reducing agent chamber. An electrode pair bridges the two chambers and generates tri-iodide proportional to the amount of total chlorine in the dialysis water. The electrode pair detects the amount of tri-iodide generated in proportion to the amount of active chloride in the dialysis water. The system is suitable for use in connection with, or for incorporation into, a water purification system for generating dialysis fluid, and may include a display that alerts the user to stop or prevent a hemodialysis treatment if the total chlorine level exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for estimating an optimal individual product water flow rate for a RO train in an RO unit. The RO unit includes a plurality of RO trains. The method can include providing a desired overall product water flow rate for the reverse osmosis unit followed by obtaining one or more dynamic characteristics for each RO train in the plurality of RO trains; estimating a minimal specific energy consumption value for each RO train using the one or more dynamic characteristics; and subsequently obtaining an optimal individual product water flow rate for each RO train.

Abstract: A method for preparing a crude oil solution for analysis, including adding water to a porous adsorbent to obtain a supported water substrate, having a plurality of water monolayers disposed on the porous adsorbent. The method further includes exposing the crude oil solution to the supported water substrate for a period of time; separating the supported water substrate from the crude oil solution; washing the supported water substrate with a water immiscible solvent to remove at least one hydrocarbon; displacing water from the plurality of water monolayers and the at least one interfacially active compound from the porous adsorbent with an alcohol and a co-solvent to obtain a displaced phase. The displaced phase can include the water, the at least one interfacially active compound, the alcohol, and the co-solvent. Finally, the method can include drying the displaced phase to isolate the at least one interfacially active compound.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for remediation of oil spills in a oil spill impacted water environment are described. The methods may further include degrading spilled oil by oxidation or bioremediation.

Abstract: A lignin plastics solids mass containing lignin solids and liquids with up to 85% liquids can be partially dewatered by heating the lignin plastics solids mass to above a critical temperature at which time the lignin plastics solids agglomerate into lower moisture granular solids with between about 45% to 55% liquids releasing excess liquid which can be easily removed from the solids. The process is particularly useful for lignin plastics solids removed from black liquor from paper mills, or for similar lignin plastics solids masses, which can contain up to 85% liquids and which need to be dried to form useful lignin solids, which can be used for example for fuel. The dewatering process can be combined with the process for separating the lignin from the black liquor to separate the dewatered lignin directly from the black liquor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing particles from cooling water employing a flotation process to remove particulate matter from the cooling water, particularly during times of the year when particle content in the water is at its peak.

Abstract: The invention provides for treatment strategies that prevent or control the growth of organisms that degrade oxidant stabilizers in oxidant stabilized biocides. This allows stabilized halogen programs to perform at their intended level and prevents the need for increased halogen usage in an attempt to maintain control of these microbial populations and reduce the halogen-demand created by their enzyme byproducts.

Abstract: This device serves to improve water quality under gravity flow conditions. The water quality treatment device traps floating debris with replaceable netting, it contains oil spills and settles sediment in self-cleaning settling cells above a collection bunker inside a chamber. The device directs the water below the inclined cells, through the inclined cells, or over the inclined cells, depending on the inflow intensity. All inflowing water enters the net cavity and the net is supported by the inclined cell assembly. The pollutant collection surfaces are overlapping each other and aligned with the water flow direction. A hinged baffle with orifices controls the flow rate through the inclined cells. The netting is replaceable when filled with debris through an access opening in the ceiling of the chamber. The sediment bunker is cleaned through access openings in the ceiling from the chamber inflow side and the exit side.

Abstract: An assembly and a method for filtration are disclosured, which are suitable in particular for the filtration of cells, for example tumor cells, from a sample, for example a blood sample. In the method, a pressure differential between the pressure upstream and the pressure downstream of a filter is determined; and the pressure differential between upstream and downstream of the filter is adjusted such that the pressure differential does not exceed a predetermined value.

Abstract: This invention offers an effective method of inhibiting the growth of toxic bloom algae caused by cyanobacteria Mycrocystis aeruginosa in freshwater environments comprising administering an effective amount of 5,6-dichlorogramine to the freshwater. Also, the invention offers an effective method of inhibiting the growth of toxic bloom algae caused by M. aeruginosa comprising administering an effective amount of 5,6,7-trichlorogramine to the freshwater. Both compounds, 5,6-dichlorogramine and 5,6,7-trichlorogramine, may be administered individually or in combination to the freshwater. Both compounds are individually very potent and only need to be administered at a very low concentration to be effective at inhibiting the growth of M. aeruginosa in freshwater environments. Both 5,6-dichlorogramine and 5,6,7-trichlorogramine are each individually effective at inhibiting M. aeruginosa at low concentrations, between about 0.01 mg/L and about 0.05 mg/L, or more specifically at a concentration of about 0.03 mg/L.

Abstract: Internally activated energy distribution guides for use in clear to turbid liquids or air have been developed. An external energy source is transferred to a matrix or single fiber of a side emitting fiber or guide to internally activate a promoter or catalyst on the exterior of the fiber or guide to thereby dissociate target molecules passing by or along the fiber's or guide's surface by a Precise Energy Separation (“PES”) method. A number of different designs can be used, for example, in a mesh, louver system, or box. The method maximizes the interaction between the target molecules and the surface of the side emitting-internally activated distribution network. In a preferred embodiment, u-shaped fiber optics containing catalyst are positioned within tube through which the turbid liquid or air is passed, so that maximum cleavage of targeted bonds is obtained.

Abstract: A non-dissolvable immersible dispensing puck in the shape of a dissolvable halogen puck when the dissolvable halogen puck is in an undissolved state with the non-dissolvable immersible dispensing puck physically interchangeable with a dissolvable halogen puck when placed in a dispenser for normally holding only a set of halogen pucks to enable a single dispersant dispenser to be converted to a dual dispersant dispenser without changing the structure of the single dispersant dispenser by placing a dispenser within a dispenser wherein only one of the dispensers may be provided with adjustable water ports.

Abstract: A floating apparatus and method for cleaning water in a pool or tank are provided. The floating apparatus includes: a body having at least one discharge outlet; an electrical power source having a solar power collector that is mounted on a top portion of the body, wherein the body has a contour wall for allowing the solar power collector to face up; an ozone generator connected to the electrical power source; an ozone conduit in gas communication with the ozone generator and the at least one discharge outlet; and a transparent cover covering the solar power collector, whereby ozone produced in the ozone generator is discharged from the discharge outlet and provides the power for moving the floating apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is composite media that may be utilized in coalescing elements, coalescing cartridges, coalescing systems, and coalescing methods. The disclosed media typically is a composite or laminate material formed by bonding adjacent layers of media material comprising bicomponent fibers.

Abstract: A method of separating a mixture of liquid and insoluble solids in a filter press may comprise: pumping the mixture into a multiplicity of chambers to form a filter cake, each of the chambers being between adjacent filter plates, each of the chambers being lined by filter cloths, wherein, during the pumping, filtrate is forced through the filter cloths and out of the chambers; and releasing dried filter cake from the chambers; wherein the pumping comprises pumping the mixture through a multiplicity of side feed ports and into each of the chambers through a multiplicity of delivery slots, and wherein the openings of the delivery slots into each of the chambers is above the height of the side feed ports. A filter press system is described which includes filter plates and chambers with the aforementioned configuration of side feed ports and delivery slots.

Abstract: A device for separating particulate matter (e.g., cells) from a liquid including a housing defining an elongate chamber disposed between a receiving end and a dispenser end, a plunger slidably inserted within the chamber from the receiving end, an upper disc and a lower disc each independently slidably affixed to the plunger, the lower disc facing the dispenser end and including at least one filter arrangement, and a liquid including particulate matter disposed within the chamber when the upper disc and lower disc are in an aspiration mode. The upper disc is independently slidable with respect to the lower disc to achieve a filtration mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for use in a solids control system to separate drilling fluid from drill cuttings. The apparatus comprises at least one shaker screen for supporting drilling fluid contaminated drill cuttings within a shaker; a vacuum system operatively connected to at least a portion of the at least one shaker screen, effective to draw air and/or drilling fluid through the at least one shaker screen; and at least one inertial gas-liquid separation device operatively connected to the vacuum system, effective to remove liquid particles from a gas-liquid stream within the vacuum system. A method for operating the apparatus within a shaker system is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (100) for the cleaning of sand, originating from subterranean oil production and comprises separation of sand from adhering oil out of a sand/oil/water slurry. The sand is cleaned through treatment in a hydrocyclone (13) through rubbing against themselves and the walls of the hydrocyclone. The hydrocyclone discharges the larger/heavier particles into a vessel (1), wherein the vessel has a discharge port (3) for the sand. A fluid extractor (34) is provided between the hydrocyclone (13) and the discharge port of the vessel (1), for extracting fluid from the vessel (1) to permit an increased flow rate of sand into the vessel. The invention also relates to a method of cleaning sand and a method of increasing the flow rate of sand through a hydrocyclone cleaning system as described above.

Abstract: A phase splitter (14) for splitting phases of liquids, the phase splitter (14) characterised by an elongate body (16) having a generally convexly curved liquid-facing face (28) when viewed in transverse cross-section along a longitudinal axis of the elongate body (16).

Abstract: A device for thermally treating products in containers, including supply and discharge conveyors for containers; with at least one irrigation or spraying zone for irrigating or spraying the containers with a process liquid, for example water; and a circulation circuit for at least partially reusing said process liquid, the circulation circuit including at least one pump; with at least one separation unit with several essentially parallel lamellae for cleaning the process liquid from particles, for example broken glass and/or sand, and the pump pumps the process liquid along the lamella.

Abstract: A modular architectural wall system for a patient room may support accessories and include panels. The architectural wall system may include gas outlets and electrical outlets mounted to a surface of the architectural wall system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a dishwasher rack includes: an interior structure divided into separate compartments, each sized and configured to hold an individual beverage container; a top side through which the compartments may be loaded; a bottom side having a support surface; and a release mechanism. The top and/or bottom side has a configurable surface that provides a closed configuration in which it is capable of supporting beverage containers and an open configuration in which beverage containers are able to pass through. When the dishwasher rack is placed on top of a desired exterior surface with the configurable surface immediately adjacent to the exterior surface, the release mechanism can be operated to change the configurable surface from the closed configuration to the open configuration, causing any enclosed beverage containers to drop down onto the exterior surface and remain there when the dishwasher rack is lifted up and away.

Abstract: A rod holder mounting system including first and second mounting bracket sub-assemblies adapted to couple to first and second opposing ends of a rod holder sub-assembly. The first and second mounting bracket sub-assemblies respectively couple to first and second opposing ones of a vehicle's existing tie down bracket coupling locations, existing tie down brackets, or a tool box, and the rod holder sub-assembly includes a cross bar with rod holder tubes and first and second locking systems adapted to removably couple the cross bar to the first and second mounting bracket sub-assemblies, respectively. The rod holder mounting system allows for the transportation of fishing rods and reels in a vehicle and locks both the rod holder sub-assembly to the vehicle and the rods and reels to the mounting system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for secure, flexible, aesthetically pleasing wine bottle storage. The various embodiments include modular wine bottle storage systems that allow wine bottles to be stored at various angles, which, in turn, may allow for both wine bottles display and safekeeping. Additionally, the described tools and techniques may be employed to create scalable and customizable wine bottle storage, such that different embodiments may allow numerous bottle storage configurations.

Abstract: A product hanger system includes a hanger rail and at least one hanger. The rail has retainers on lateral ends thereof defining grooves for retaining the at least one hanger. The at least one hanger has a mounting tab disposed on one side thereof. The mounting tab has a short dimension selected to fit between the retainers, and a long dimension selected to provide friction fit between the grooves.

Abstract: A supporting base for an angle iron post includes an angle bar and a column. The angle bar has two walls arranged at right angle to each other to be attached to two respective walls of the angle iron post. The column is disposed in between the two walls of the angle bar and has an upper small-diameter section, a lower large-diameter section and a shoulder defined at the junction between the upper small-diameter section and the lower large-diameter section. As such, the two walls of the angle iron post are allowed to be rested on the shoulder of the column and held in position between the walls of the angle bar and the upper small-diameter section of the column.

Abstract: A tower crane, and in particular a hammerhead crane, having at least one crane operator elevator, wherein the at least one crane operator elevator is arranged inside the rectangular cross section of the crane tower.

Abstract: An improved polymeric knuckle pin with at least one indented area that elastomer rings rest in. The indented area is strategically placed in an area on the shaft of the pin where the coupler-knuckle connection exerts impact, force, and stress on the pin. The elastomer rings in the indented area provide cushion to the pin from the impact, force, and stress, allow the pin to avoid hard contact with the coupler and knuckle, distribute the loads exerted by the coupler and knuckle more evenly, realign the coupler and knuckle positions, and protect the pin itself from surface cuts and scratches. The elastomer rings on the shaft of the pin improve the life of both the coupler-knuckle assembly and the pin.

Abstract: A container may include a neck including an external surface and at least one handle retention feature with axially lower and upper handle retention surfaces. A handle for a container may include a collar including spaced apart container retention features having axially lower and upper handle retention surfaces to cooperate with the corresponding handle retention feature of the container to prevent axial movement of the collar with respect to the container.

Abstract: A vial adapter may include first and second sections each having first and second ends joined to form a collar having a central passage in which a neck of a vial may be disposed. Each collar section may have a hook formed at each end, the hooks joined to join the collar sections together. The first ends may have at least one tab depending therefrom and the second ends may have at least one indent formed therein, the tab disposed within the indent with the hooks joined to each other. In addition or instead, the collar may have an inner surface with a groove separating the collar into first and second regions on opposing axial sides of the groove. The first and second regions may be deformable axially into the groove when the collar is acted upon with the neck of the vial in the central passage.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a roll-shaped mold includes: an immersing step of immersing a roll-shaped mold main body into a treatment agent; a first removing step of exposing a portion of the mold main body from a liquid level of the treatment agent in which a central axis of the mold main body is inclined with respect to a horizontal surface; a second removing step in which the mold main body is moved in relation to the liquid level of the treatment agent in which a meniscus is sustained between the exposed portion of the mold main body and the liquid level of the treatment agent and thereby further exposing the mold main body; and a third removing step of removing the entire mold main body from the treatment agent in which the central axis of the mold main body is inclined with respect to the horizontal surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a probe, includes forming a recess on a sacrificial layer with a resist matching a plane pattern of the probe and a fixing tab connected to the probe, the recess exposing the sacrificial layer, which is on a baseboard, forming the probe and the fixing tab connected to the probe by depositing a probe material in the recess, and removing the resist, removing a portion of the sacrificial layer in an etching process. The portion of the sacrificial layer under the probe is fully removed, while the portion of the sacrificial layer under the fixing tab is left to provide support portions of the sacrificial layer under the fixing tab. Then the probe is removed from the baseboard.

Abstract: A method of etching a copper layer of a target object including, on the copper layer, a mask having a pattern to be transferred onto the copper layer is provided. The method includes etching the copper layer by using plasma of a first gas containing a hydrogen gas; and processing the target object by using plasma of a second gas containing a hydrogen gas and a gas (hereinafter, referred to as “deposition gas”) that is deposited on the target object. Further, the etching of the copper layer by using plasma of the first gas and the processing of the target object by using plasma of the second gas are repeated alternately.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method for removing a dielectric layer from a bottom of a trench while maintaining the dielectric layer on sidewalls of the trench. The method includes etching the dielectric layer at the bottom of the trench and generating a passivation layer on the dielectric layer at an upper portion of the trench by adjusting the conditions of a plasma etch process to a first mode; and a step of etching the dielectric layer at the bottom of the trench and etching the passivation layer at the upper portion of the trench by adjusting the conditions of the plasma etch process to a second mode before the dielectric layer at the bottom of the trench is completely removed.

Abstract: In the present invention, the form in which roughness is formed on the surface of an article being processed through plasma exposure is controlled by varying the frequency for a main voltage applied to two discharge electrodes, a conductive housing and a rod shaped electrode, provided in a plasma generating unit and the frequency for a bias voltage applied between the conductive housing (2) and the article being processed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single- or multi-pole switching device, in particular for DC applications, having at least one rotating switching element (2) which is connected to a drive, and also comprising switching contacts (4, 5), connection pieces (7) and connection poles or connection terminals (8) and a housing arrangement which accommodates the abovementioned parts. According to the invention, a movably guided rotary cylinder (2) is formed in the housing arrangement, said rotary cylinder being located in a body which is designed as a rotary cylinder holder (1). The rotary cylinder (2) has at least one contact pin (3) which passes radially or tangentially or eccentrically through the rotary cylinder and has, at its end, a contact piece (4) in each case. Mating contact pieces (5) are arranged in the rotary cylinder holder (1), said mating contact pieces being electrically connected to the connection pieces (7) or connection poles or connection terminals (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric switch having a first contact element, an insulating element, and a second contact element. The first contact element includes a first contact surface on which the insulating element is disposed. The second contact element includes a conductive member moveable relative to the first contact element and the insulating element.

Abstract: A multi-segment tank for high voltage gas circuit breakers such as, e.g., 800 kV gas circuit breakers. The tank includes two or more segments. In a three segment embodiment, the tank includes a short or compact center segment fabricated to mount an interrupter device and support the interrupter's operating linkage, while two end segments are connected with flange joints to surround the remainder of the interrupting device. Alternatively, a tank is provided that is constructed in two segments.

Abstract: An electrode wire for electro-discharge machining includes a core wire including a first metal including copper and having one of phases ?, ?+??, and ??, a first alloy layer formed at a boundary region between the core wire and a second metal plated on an outer surface of the core wire due to mutual diffusion between the core wire and the second metal and having a phase ??, and a second alloy layer formed due to diffusion of the first metal to the second metal and having a phase ? and/a phase ?. A core wire material is erupted onto a surface of the electrode wire for electro-discharge machining, which includes the core wire, the first alloy layer, and the second alloy layer, along cracks appearing on the second alloy layer, so that a plurality of grains are formed on the surface of the electrode wire.