Abstract: An optical cable assembly includes an optical cable having an end that extends a length. The optical cable includes a plastic optical fiber (POF) and a buffer surrounding the POF along a portion of the length of the end of the optical cable. A terminus assembly terminates the end of the optical cable. The terminus assembly includes a terminus body having a cable passage and a crimp zone. At least a portion of the length of the end of the optical cable extends within the cable passage of the terminus body such that the terminus body surrounds the buffer of the optical cable at the crimp zone. The terminus body is mechanically crimped over, in engagement with, the buffer of the optical cable at the crimp zone.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of methods and apparatuses to provide an electro-optical alignment are described. An electrical connector is formed on a printed circuit board substrate that extends onto a side surface of the substrate to form an electrical turn. An optoelectronic die is placed onto the printed circuit board substrate. The optoelectronic die on the printed circuit board substrate is erected over a mounting board to provide optical coupling substantially parallel to the mounting board.

Abstract: An optical connector has: a holding member having an accommodating portion formed at an end thereof for accommodating a collimator lens and an insertion hole formed at an opposite end thereof for inserting an optical fiber; and a resin joint having a first insertion hole formed at an end thereof for inserting the holding member and a second insertion hole formed at an opposite end thereof for inserting the optical fiber. The collimator lens and the optical fiber are positioned by making at least one of the collimator lens and an end surface of the optical fiber abut against a recess formed in the holding member near the accommodating portion. The resin joint has a fixing portion formed therein for fixing a part of the optical fiber positioned in the holding member inserted via the first insertion hole into the resin joint, the part being exposed from the holding member.

Abstract: A cable structure for underwater equipment is disclosed, which comprises a waterproof layer, a tension-resistant layer, a buoyant layer, and a communication thread. The tension-resistant layer is enveloped in the waterproof layer. The buoyant layer is enveloped in the tension-resistant layer. The communication thread is enveloped in the buoyant layer. In use, the waterproof layer can protect the communication thread from contacting with water. The tension-resistant layer can enhance the tensile strength of the cable structure, so that the cable structure can be protected from damages upon being pulled. The buoyant layer can provide buoyancy for the cable structure, so that the cable structure can avoid excessive cable being submerged in the water, so that entwining or entangling of the submerged cable section can be prevented. Accordingly, the present invention is a useful contrivance that can avoid cable entanglement and has a tension-resistant capability.

Abstract: Radiation curable coatings for use as a Primary Coating for optical fibers, optical fibers coated with said coatings and methods for the preparation of coated optical fibers. A radiation curable Primary Coating composition comprising: an oligomer; a diluent monomer; a photoinitiator; an antioxidant; and an adhesion promoter; wherein said oligomer is the reaction product of: a hydroxyethyl acrylate; an aromatic isocyanate; an aliphatic isocyanate; a polyol; a catalyst; and an inhibitor, wherein said catalyst is an organo bismuth catalyst; wherein said oligomer has a number average molecular weight of from at least about 4000 g/mol to less than or equal to about 15,000 g/mol; and wherein a cured film of said radiation curable coating composition has a peak tan delta Tg of from about ?25° C. to about ?45° C.; and a modulus of from about 0.50 MPa to about 1.2 MPa.

Abstract: A wet-on-dry process for coating a glass optical fiber with a Radiation Curable Secondary Coating, comprising (a) operating a glass drawing tower to produce a glass optical fiber; (b) applying a radiation curable primary coating composition onto the surface of the optical fiber; (c) applying radiation to effect curing of said radiation curable primary coating composition; (d) applying a Radiation Curable Secondary Coating to the radiation curable primary coating; and (e) applying radiation to effect curing of said Radiation Curable Secondary Coating.

Abstract: A Radiation Curable Secondary Coating comprising A) a Secondary Coating Oligomer Blend, which is mixed with B) a first diluent; C) a second diluent; D) an antioxidant; E) a first photoinitiator; F) a second photoinitiator; and G) optionally a slip additive or a blend of slip additives; wherein said Secondary Coating Oligomer Blend comprises: ?) an Alpha Oligomer, which is non-urethane; (?) a Beta Oligomer; which is a urethane or non-urethane. ?) a Gamma Oligomer; wherein said Gamma Oligomer is an epoxy diacrylate.

Abstract: A fiber optic enclosure assembly includes a fiber optic enclosure and a cable shroud assembly. The fiber optic enclosure includes a base having a first end, an oppositely disposed second end, and first and second sides that extend between the first and second ends. A cover is engaged to the base. The cable shroud assembly includes a first piece engaged to the first and second sides of the base of the fiber optic enclosure at the first end of the base. The first piece includes a base wall, a first side wall that extends outwardly from the base wall and an oppositely disposed second side wall. The first piece includes a plurality of cable management spools disposed on the base wall. A second piece is engaged to the first piece. The second piece is configured to cover cables that enter/exit the first end of the base.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a telecommunications distribution hub having a cabinet that defines a primary compartment. The cabinet also includes one or more main doors for accessing the primary compartment. Telecommunications equipment is mounted within the primary compartment. The distribution hub further includes a secondary compartment that can be accessed from an exterior of the cabinet without accessing the primary compartment. A grounding interface is accessible from within the secondary compartment.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable processing device includes a transport mechanism which transports a case that accommodates an optical fiber cable and in which plural work stations are set along a transport path, and a processing mechanism that performs each of desired operations on the optical fiber cable, in which any one of the plural work stations is a mounting station in which a work mounting mechanism mounts a work on a tip of the optical fiber cable, a drawing mechanism that draws out the optical fiber cable and a correction mechanism that corrects a bending tendency of the optical fiber cable are disposed in the work stations on an upstream side of the mounting station, and the transport mechanism transports the case to the mounting station and mounts the work on the tip of the optical fiber cable in a state where the optical fiber cable is drawn out.

Abstract: Fibre-optic distribution device, comprising a wall-installable base panel (10) having a front side and an essentially flat rear side, the front side and the rear side facing into opposite directions, the base panel (10) comprising on its front side—a mounting region (30), comprising mounting means (45, 46) for mounting a fibre-optic functional unit (70) on the mounting region (45, 46), and—a fibre routing region (40), comprising routing means (60) for routing an optical fibre (90) from or to the mounting region (30). The base panel (10) further comprises panel fixing means (55) for installing the base panel (10) flat on a wall (120) such that the rear side of the base panel (10) faces the wall (120), the panel fixing means (55) being arranged on the rear side of the base panel (10).

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include furcation plugs having segregated channels to guide epoxy into passageways for optical fiber furcation, and related assemblies and methods. The furcation plugs secure furcated fiber optic cables to fiber optic equipment to prevent the furcated fiber optic cables from being damaged. The furcation plugs, as part of fiber optic furcation assemblies, are typically installed on fiber optic equipment that provides fiber optic components to which the optical fibers are connected. The fiber optic cables may be inserted into fiber passageways of the furcation plugs and secured to the furcation plugs with epoxy. The epoxy may be guided into the fiber passageways through segregated epoxy channels of the furcation plug. In this manner, epoxy may be more uniformly distributed within the fiber passageway to improve the epoxy bonds by reducing the occurrence of air pockets known as voids, which can weaken the epoxy bonds and cause attenuation.

Abstract: An inserting and extracting motion of an optical plug can be easily carried out via a knob, even in a narrow space. An optical connector plug is provided with a stopper guide in a rear portion of an upper surface of a knob to which an optical plug is installed, a spring guide, an outer cover which is provided in an outer surface of the knob, and a spring which is arranged in between the stopper guide and the outer cover. In the optical connector plug, the outer cover is pressed by an optical connector adapter so as to move backward while compressing the spring, whereby a shutter is opened and the optical plug is allowed to protrude forward from the outer cover. The optical connector plug is provided with a grip portion which protrudes up and down and right and left from a rear end portion of the knob.

Abstract: A coupling including an adapter cap end and ferrule dust cap end is provided. The coupling may be used to store disconnected fiber optic lines in physical proximity to their assigned output by using a method of storing a fiber optic network connector. The method includes installing the coupling into a fiber optic network adapter by plugging the adapter cap end into the fiber optic network adapter; and installing the fiber optic network connector into the ferrule dust cap end of the coupling.

Abstract: An optical fiber with a shaped tip is covered by a cap that is fused to the optical fiber using doped silica. The doped silica has a melting temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of the optical fiber. The doped silica also has a melting temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of the cap.

Abstract: Biofeedback, including cognitive feedback, may be used to provide real time information about a viewer's reaction to an ongoing playback of audio visual content. Cognitive feedback provides electronic feedback related to brain activity. Biofeedback involves using sensed human characteristics to judge a user's reaction to audio visual content.

Abstract: Systems and methods for self-configuring portable electronic devices are provided. In one embodiment, the portable device includes carrier circuitry that receives compressed data streams of information and application circuitry that decompresses the received data stream in accordance with a specific CODEC. The device includes the capability for the carrier circuitry to provide the specific CODEC required to decompress the data stream to the application circuitry. The transfer of the specific CODEC can be done as a default action or it can be done based on a queue received from the application circuitry.

Abstract: The inventions relates to a method for controlling an interface providing the connection between a device suitable for the recording and reading of data such as a receiver/decoder of audio-visual programs and an external memory. The method comprises the steps for detecting the type of external memory connected to the external memory interface and for authorising write access to the external memory according to the type of memory detected, the available storage capacity and the total capacity of the external memory.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for retrieving information for managing video data involving link information associating metadata with the video data. A metadata indicator is used to indicate that metadata exists in a stream with the linking information. Link information also associates the metadata with location information to identify where additional information on the video data, which is described by the metadata, may be found. Using the method or apparatus, a single metadata unit is able to be associated with a plurality of video data units, or a plurality of metadata units are able to be associated with a single video data unit, in order to provide more information on the video data.

Abstract: Each of video content items captured by cameras is associated with metadata describing a time stamp indicating a capturing time and spatial information indicating features of space relating to a camera at the capturing time. In the disclosed content reproduction method, at least one target video content item to be reproduced is selected from the video content items based on the time stamps and pieces of the spatial information described in the respective pieces of metadata, then a reproduction start position of the selected video content item is determined based on a time stamp described in metadata associated with the selected video content item, and the selected video content item is reproduced from the determined reproduction start position.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to an embodiment includes: an interface configured to obtain management information that has been generated along with movie data generated; and a controller configured to generate, as a representative picture representing the movie data, image information including characters or an icon to be determined by reference to the management information. When selected by a user, the representative picture is presented on a display device in order to start playing back movie data represented by the representative picture.

Abstract: Archival storage and retrieval of audio/video information is described. Audio and/or video information is digitized, compressed and stored in an intermediate archive format (IAF), which preserves the content at a high-enough quality for subsequent retrieval and conversion into various formats required at the time of use or distribution. A single capture operation is performed with ancillary metadata being added to facilitate subsequent searching, indexing and format conversion. Captured data content is catalogued and indexed at or subsequent to the creation of an IAF file that includes the archived information. The IAF includes a family of audio-video digital encoding formats based on public standards. The encoding format used in any particular application is determined at encoding time from information provided by the archive system user. At encoding, the particular encoding scheme is selected to optimize a tradeoff between storage constraints and end use quality requirements.

Abstract: A recording information acquisition unit 626 acquires recording information of a plurality of recorded contents having programs recorded therein and stored in the information processing apparatus or in any of a plurality of recording apparatus connected to the information processing apparatus through a network. A content classification unit 628 classifies the recorded contents into groups based on the recording information acquired by the recording information acquisition unit 626. A group name determination unit 630 determines, for each of the groups of the recorded contents classified by the content classification unit 628, a title of the group. A list displaying unit 632 displays the group names determined by the group name determination unit 630 in a list on a user interface without distinguishing the apparatus in which the recorded contents are stored.

Abstract: There are provided methods and apparatus for synchronized stream packing of packets that differ contextually between A/V streams in a parallel presentation. A method includes the step of identifying sub-picture/subtitle packets and/or audio packets having arrival timestamps and/or presentation timestamps that match an arrival timestamp and/or a presentation timestamp, respectively, of video packets. The method also includes the step of packing a Video Object Unit (VOBU) and/or a Transport Stream (TS) with the identified sub-picture/subtitle and audio packets and the video packets having the matching timestamps.

Abstract: There are provided methods and apparatus for synchronized stream packing of packets that differ contextually between A/V streams in a parallel presentation. A method includes the step of identifying sub-picture/subtitle packets and/or audio packets having arrival timestamps and/or presentation timestamps that match an arrival timestamp and/or a presentation timestamp, respectively, of video packets. The method also includes the step of packing a Video Object Unit (VOBU) and/or a Transport Stream (TS) with the identified sub-picture/subtitle and audio packets and the video packets having the matching timestamps.

Abstract: Identification of starting and ending times of commercial breaks and commercials within those commercial breaks found in audiovisual content is disclosed. A solution to a “batch optimization” problem is used in which commercial locations within a set of audiovisual content are detected as a group by choosing a set of commercial locations which optimizes a cost function which can include considerations of, for example, 1) one or more cues, 2) relative locations of commercials within the audiovisual content, and/or 3) probability models based on statistics obtained regarding characteristics of typical commercial and commercial breaks. Optimization can be done over the total set of commercial location decisions, rather than on a per-commercial basis. Additionally, the cost function can be iteratively evaluated and many more types of cues and combinations of cues can be used in detection of commercials.

Abstract: A system for presenting video and methods for manipulating and delivering the video are presented. An interface may be implemented to access data related to the creation and animation of the video, a reference to the creation data stored with the video itself. Upon selection a portion of the video, using the references stored with the video, the tools needed to edit the selected portion of the video may be presented. The objects and illustration assets utilized to animate a scene may be stored in a memory device such that the objects and assets may be retrieved using a hierarchy of references initially accessed via the reference stored with the selected portion of the video. According to an embodiment, the selected portion may be a frame or a pixel and the reference stored with the frame metadata, pixel value, or image channel or image layer.

Abstract: Content receivers may be configured to simultaneously record multiple instances of content for multiple programming channels based on content provider instructions. Systems and methods utilize the content receivers to dynamically adjust recording parameters to account for instances of content with a start time and/or end time that falls outside of predefined recording parameters. The dynamically adjusted recording parameters may adjust the number of channels recorded and/or instances of content recorded. The content receiver may compare programming information received at a processing unit with predefined recording parameters and may dynamically adjust the recording parameters based on the comparison. The content receiver may generate on screen display content to include information on the dynamically adjusted recording parameters and may transmit the on screen display content to a content display device for notifying the user of the dynamically adjusted recoding parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus searches a program for automatic recording according to user preferences, which include entries entered by a user and entries automatically added by the apparatus according to a recording habit of the user. A user can assign a priority to a user entered entry and the apparatus can assign a priority to an automatically entered entry, but the priority of an automatically entered entry can be modified by the user. The apparatus searches program information of programs in an electronic program guide having a match to any of the entries and selects a matched program for automatic recording.

Abstract: An aroma-diffusing apparatus includes a housing defining a top opening, a lamp socket mounted in the housing and holding a lamp bulb, an aroma capsule including a disposable heat-transfer container detachably mounted in the top opening of the housing, a breathing film bonded to the disposable heat-transfer container to hold an aromatic substance held in the disposable heat-transfer container and a sealing film bonded to the heat-transfer container to seal the aromatic substance in the heat-transfer container, and a cable bracket affixed to the lamp socket for keeping the cable from becoming tangled.

Abstract: An aroma diffuser is provided, including: a diffuser having a hollow housing, a heat conduction container, a resistor, and a plugging device, wherein the heat conduction container is disposed in the hollow housing, the resistor is disposed under the heat conduction container, and the plugging device is installed in the second opening of the hollow housing and electrically connected to the resistor; and a disposable aroma capsule disposed in the heat conduction container. The plugging device is a car plug that can be combined with an aroma material used in a car; or a USB device that can be combined with a mobile device, a notebook computer, a desktop computer or any appliance with a USB connection port. When supplied with power, the resistor generates heat, and the heat conduction container conducts the heat to the disposable container and the aroma material for the aroma material to diffuse scent.

Abstract: An angle-adjustable aroma diffuser includes a housing defining opposing first opening and second opening, a aroma container mounted in the housing, a resistor attached to the bottom side of the aroma container, an aroma device put in the aroma container, and an electric plug pivotally coupled to the second opening of the housing and electrically connected with the resistor and connectable to an external power socket for conducting electricity to the resistor to produce heat so that the aroma container can transfer produced heat to the aroma device, causing the aroma device to give off a pleasant smell.

Abstract: Provided is a method of annealing a metal member, including: disposing a first heater in an inner space of a hollow cylindrical metal member having an inner peripheral surface provided with plural teeth protruding toward a central direction, the first heater radiating infrared light and being disposed so as to extend parallel to a direction of a central axis of the metal member; heating the metal member from the inner space with the first heater; and gradually cooling the metal member after heating.

Abstract: A thermal processor including a rotatable hollow drum including a drum core having an interior surface and an exterior surface, and a radiant heater positioned within an interior of the drum and configured to provide radiant energy to heat the drum, wherein at least one radiant energy absorption characteristic of the interior of the drum varies across its longitudinal width Wd so that selected areas of the interior of the drum absorb more radiant energy than other areas of the interior of the drum so as to compensate for non-uniform heat loss from the drum and to provide the exterior surface of the drum core at a desired temperature which is substantially uniform across the longitudinal width of the drum core.

Abstract: An electrical heating device with pluggable heating module includes a box body (10) and a heating module (20). The box body (10) has an accommodation space (14) for the liquid (74) contained therein, which is provided with a slot (111) communicating the accommodation space (14). The heating module (20) is received in the slot (111) in a pluggable way and separates the accommodation space into a first chamber (141) and a second chamber (142). The heating module (20) includes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating component (21) and a heat conducting component (22) covering the outside of the PTC heating component (21). By this arrangement, the time for maintaining the electrical heating device (1) can be saved and the liquid (74) heating effect of the electrical heating device (1) can be improved as well.

Abstract: A transmission device includes an optical amplifier to amplify an optical main signal to be transmitted on an optical transmission path; a first controller to stop output of the optical amplifier and output of an optical monitor signal to be transmitted on the optical transmission path when a failure of the optical transmission path is detected; a second controller to be switched from the first controller and to operate and stop the output of the optical amplifier and the output of the optical monitor signal when the failure of the optical transmission path is detected; an optical monitor signal transceiver to transmit and receive the optical monitor signal including control information; and a switch to switch an operation from the first controller to the second controller, based on information of the failure of the optical transmission path based on the states of transmission and reception of the optical monitor signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for reserving spare bandwidth for a link in a communication network including a plurality of links. The method provides for monitoring the volume of traffic routed through each link of the communication network. A single link failure for each link is then simulated and the volume of traffic which would be rerouted through each link for maintaining communication and the volume of traffic removed from each link are determined for each simulated single link failure. The difference between the volume of traffic which would need to be rerouted through each link and the corresponding volume of traffic removed from each link is then computed, and a maximum difference value is determined for each link for all simulated single link failures. An amount of spare bandwidth equivalent to the determined maximum difference is then reserved for each link.

Abstract: A method, a node, and a network include mesh restoration and bandwidth allocation systems and methods for shared risk connection groups for source-based routing control planes. The mesh restoration and bandwidth allocation systems and methods utilize signaling from a node closest to a point of failure to “advise” source nodes about protect paths to be taken for a particular unidirectional or bidirectional connection in the event of mesh restoration. Specifically, the systems and methods include an ability to correlate connection information as Shared Risk Connection Groups (SRCG) to optimally utilize network bandwidth in the event of failure. The systems and methods could also be used to optimally distribute connections in a mesh network as well, trying to utilize maximum bandwidth, in distributed or centralized environments. Effectively, the systems and method distributed path computation in the network away from solely being the responsibility of source nodes.

Abstract: Fault analysis of a Passive Optical Network comprising Optical Network Terminal(s) uses Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR). An OTDR measurement signal is supplied to a multistage splitter having a ratio 2:Nroot. At least one drop link which is connected to the multistage splitter comprises one or more sub-splitters which having a ratio 1:Nbranch. A new event location is determined based on the OTDR measurement signal by analyzing OTDR measurement data relating to the sub-splitter based on distance from the multistage splitter and to the sub-splitter. A fault magnitude is calculated for a given location by subtracting an event magnitude obtained from the new OTDR measurement from a reference OTDR measurement and taking into account the number of drop links connected to the last splitter stage and to the sub-splitter in the reference measurement and the new measurement, thereby enabling determination of position and severity of the fault locations.

Abstract: A method of monitoring an optical fibre comprises modulating an optical signal with a traffic signal; modulating the optical signal with an incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry, IOFDR, test signal; transmitting the doubly modulated optical signal onto an optical fibre at a first end of the fibre; detecting scattered radiation output from the first end of the fibre; and analysing the detected scattered radiation using incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry to determine a distance to a break in the optical fibre. Apparatus suitable for carrying out the method is also described, as well as an optical communications network employing the method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, structures, and devices for optical communications systems operating through turbulent media. More specifically, a spatial division multiplexing photonic integrated circuit is used in conjunction with digital signal processing systems to mitigate the effects of the turbulent media.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: optical transmitters configured to transmit optical signals of different wavelengths; optical couplers configured to multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the optical transmitters; and a wavelength selective switch configured to multiplex multiplexed optical signals obtained by multiplexing by the couplers, wherein optical signals, a wavelength interval between which is less than a predetermined value, are transmitted to separate optical couplers of the optical couplers, among the optical signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for an optical communications network comprising a demultiplexer, a plurality of add/drop optical switches for adding and dropping wavelength channels. The add/drop optical switches arranged in a matrix with a number of rows corresponding to a number of output ports of the demultiplexer and a number of columns corresponding to a number of transponders. Each drop optical switch has an express input port associated with an output port of the demultiplexer, a drop output port associated with an individual transponder, and an express output port. Each add optical switch has an express input port, an add input port associated with an individual transponder, and an express output port. The apparatus also comprises a multiplexer with a plurality of input ports associated with express output ports of the add/drop optical switches.

Abstract: A multi-flow optical transceiver provided with a plurality of wavelength-tunable light sources, a plurality of optical modulation units which modulates light with an input signal, an optical multiplexing/demultiplexing switch which couples light from at least one of the wavelength-tunable light sources to at least one of the optical modulation units with any power, and an optical coupling unit which couples a plurality of lights, modulated by a plurality of the optical modulation units, to at least one waveguide.

Abstract: A network component comprising a control plane controller configured to implement a method comprising transmitting routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) information to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the RWA information is transmitted using an interior gateway protocol (IGP). Included is a method comprising communicating a message comprising RWA information to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the message comprises an indication whether the RWA information is static or dynamic. Also included is an apparatus comprising a control plane controller configured to communicate data to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the data comprises RWA information, and wherein the data comprises an indicator that indicates whether the RWA information is associated with a node, a link, or both.

Abstract: A data rate control system for an optical line terminal (OLT) may include a processor, an OLT Medium Access Control (MAC) device that includes passive optical network (PON) ports that are mapped to identifiers, and a switch device coupled to the OLT MAC device. The OLT MAC device may determine that a PON port is congested, and may transmit a message to the switch device indicates the congestion at the PON port based on the mapped identifier. The switch device may transmit data items to the OLT MAC device for transmission over the PON ports at data rates respective to the PON ports, may receive the message, and may reduce the rate at which the data items are being transmitted to the OLT MAC device for transmission over the congested PON port without changing the rates at which other data items are being transmitted to the OLT MAC device.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling energy efficiency over Ethernet links in consideration of optical transport network (OTN) equipment. It is a feature of the present invention that a secondary startup condition can be provided whereby the energy efficiency Ethernet operation in a link partner is conditionally enabled upon a transmission by the link partner of an initiation signal (e.g., reserved or unused code group) that would be semi-acceptable to a legacy physical coding sublayer (PCS) in OTN equipment and a receipt by the link partner of valid energy efficient Ethernet signaling.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the optical communication field and disclose an optical signal multiplexing method and an optical multiplexer. The method provided in the present invention includes: adjusting polarization states of two of four optical signals to be multiplexed, and preferably, mutually orthogonal to, the polarization states of the remaining two optical signals; combining one optical signal in the adjusted polarization state with one optical signal in the unadjusted polarization state into one optical signal through polarization multiplexing; and combining the two optical signals obtained through polarization multiplexing into one optical signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for passive optical network (PON) communication includes broadcasting, by an optical line terminal (OLT), a first message including a first start time of a first quiet window and a first allocation identification number (Alloc-ID), where the first Alloc-ID indicates a first supported upstream line rate associated with the first quiet window. The method also includes receiving, by the OLT from a first optical network unit (ONU) during the first quiet window, a first serial number response, wherein a first transmitting upstream line rate of the first ONU is equal to the first supported upstream line rate.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) device includes a VLC receiver including a photodiode and a radio receiver. The UE device supports a plurality of alternative technologies, communications protocols, and/or frequencies. During a first mode of operation, e.g., a discovery mode, a low reverse bias voltage value is applied to the photodiode. The low reverse bias voltage is adequate to support the recovery of small amounts of communicated information, and the power consumed by the battery of the UE device is relatively low. During discovery, information communicated includes, e.g., a light transmitter ID, an access point ID, services available at the access point, configuration information for a light receiver and/or for an auxiliary radio receiver. During a second mode of operation, e.g., a data traffic mode, the reverse bias voltage applied to the photodiode is set to a high reverse bias voltage to support higher data rate using VLC.