Abstract: A power amplification circuit amplifies and then outputs transmission signals of a first frequency and a second frequency, which are different from each other. When the transmission signal of the first frequency is input, a first switch is turned ON, a first LC parallel resonant circuit enters a resonant state and the transmission signal is transmitted using a line containing a first capacitor as a main line. When the transmission signal of the second frequency is input, a second switch is turned ON, a second LC parallel resonant circuit enters a resonant state and the transmission signal is transmitted using a line containing a second capacitor as a main line. Therefore, a transmission signal does not pass through, using as a main line, a line into which a switch has been incorporated.

Abstract: A trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) for an optical receiver is disclosed, in which the TIA enhances the dynamic range thereof but suppresses the variation of the input impedance thereof. The TIA enhances the dynamic range by subtracting from the photocurrent input therein, which varies the input impedance. The TIA also provides the variable gain amplifier with a feedback resistor. The variable gain of the amplifier compensates the variation of the input impedance due to the current subtraction.

Abstract: An apparatus, and an associated method, for synthesizing a discrete-valued oscillating signal. Input parameters are provided that are determinative of the frequency, gain, and phase characteristics of the resultant, oscillating signal. The discrete-valued, oscillating signal is combinable with another signal to form a mixed signal of a desired frequency, gain, and phase characteristic using a single complex multiplication operation.

Abstract: A frequency tunable signal source (100) with first (105) and a second (115, 315) oscillators, each of which outputs a signal at a fundamental frequency (f1, f2) and at least one signal at a harmonic frequency (f1?, f2?) and a mixer (120) with first (121) and second (122) input ports and an output port (124), and a control unit (110) which controls switches (S1, S2, S3, S4), by means of which two of said signals (f1, f2, f1?, f2?) are switchably connected to the first input port. The other two signals are switchably to the other input port, with one switch (S1, S2, S3, S4) for each signal (f1, f2, f1?, f2?). There is also comprised a third oscillator (125), with an output signal connected to a third input port (123) of the mixer (120). At least one of the oscillators (105, 115, 315, 125) is a VCO, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oscillator circuit comprising an oscillator input for providing an input signal, a first integrator circuit comprising a first integrator capacitor and a first integrator output, a comparator, a discharge circuit for discharging said first integrator capacitor once per cycle of said oscillator circuit, and an oscillator output for providing an output signal, wherein said oscillator circuit further comprises a second integrator circuit comprising a second integrator capacitor and a second integrator output, and wherein said oscillator circuit is arranged for allowing said input signal to be subsequently integrated by said first and second integrator circuit in an alternating manner, and for providing said integrated output signal of said first and second integrator circuit subsequently to said comparator in said alternating manner.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-screw chaotic oscillator circuit with simple configuration, that can use various multi-hysteresis VCCS characteristics and generate a variety of multi-screw attractors. The multi-screw chaotic oscillator circuit comprises: a linear two-port VCCS circuit 1 consisting of a set of linear VCCS circuits G1 and G2; a multi-hysteresis two-port VCCS circuit 2 consisting of a set of multi-hysteresis VCCS circuits MH1 and MH2 having multi-hysteresis characteristic; and capacitors C1 and C2 connected to each end of a circuit configured by parallel-connecting the linear two-port VCCS circuit 1 and the multi-hysteresis two-port VCCS circuit 2.

Abstract: A radiofrequency oscillator comprises: a free layer (4), a current injector (6) for injecting spin-polarized current into the free layer, this injector having a spin-polarized current injection face (16) directly in contact with the free layer, a magnetoresistive contact (8) having a measurement face (26) directly in contact with the free layer, in order to form, in combination with the free layer, a tunnel junction for measuring the precession of the magnetization of the free layer, a conducting pad (30) directly in contact with the free layer in order to make an electrical current flow through the injector without passing through the magnetoresistive contact. At least part of the measurement face (26) and part of the injection face (16) are placed facing each other on each side of the free layer (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a TSV-based oscillator WLP structure and a method for fabricating the same. The method of the present invention comprises steps: providing a silicon base having an oscillator unit disposed thereon; forming on the silicon base at least one package ring surrounding the oscillator unit; and disposing a silicon cap on the package ring to envelop the oscillator unit. The present invention adopts a cap and a base, which are made of the same material, to effectively overcome the problem of thermal stress occurring in a conventional sandwich package structure. Further, the present invention elaborately designs the wiring on the lower surface of the base to reduce the package size and decrease consumption of noble metals.

Abstract: An enhanced negative resistance voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is provided, in which the body of each transistor within a pair of cross-coupled transistors is coupled to the gate of the same transistor through a resistor. The body transconductance is employed to enhance the negative resistance of the cross-coupled pair of transistors. At the same time, a forward body bias voltage reduces the threshold voltage of the cross-coupled pair to allow the VCO to operate at a low power supply voltage. Further, the resistor connected between the body and the drain of each transistor voids the leakage in the substrate, and thus, reduces power consumption of the VCO further. This VCO provides low power operation with enhanced figure of merit without employing any extra inductors besides the inductors that are part of the LC tank.

Abstract: Methods for compensating the existing crystal oscillator frequencies in extended temperature ranges. Utilizing existing crystal oscillators on any system design which may have quartz crystals with associated circuitry to deliver frequency or timing reference signals and increasing the accuracy of such by additional circuitry.

Abstract: A constant voltage circuit which can realize a low consumption current, and a crystal oscillation circuit using the constant voltage circuit. The constant voltage circuit is provided with a temperature characteristic regulation element, in order to minimize a difference between a negative slope of a voltage response of a constant voltage to a temperature change and a negative slope of a voltage response of the smallest operation voltage that can oscillate in the crystal oscillation circuit to the temperature change, so that the consumption current of the crystal oscillation circuit is decreased. When the constant current generated by the constant voltage circuit is decreased, the consumption current of the constant voltage circuit is decreased, and the consumption current of the whole oscillation device is decreased.

Abstract: A quadrature out-phasing system comprising: a first baseband signal modifier (6) arranged to receive a first baseband signal component (2) and output a first constant envelope RF carrier (12) and a second constant envelope RF carrier (14); and a second baseband signal modifier (8) arranged to receive a second baseband signal component (4) and output a third constant envelope RF carrier (16) and a fourth constant envelope RF carrier (18). The system may further comprise: a first signal combiner (500) arranged to combine the first constant envelope RF carrier (12) and the second constant envelope RF carrier (14), and arranged to output a first RF PWM signal (94); and a second signal combiner (502) arranged to combine the third constant envelope RF carrier (16) and the fourth constant envelope RF carrier (18), and arranged to output a second RF PWM signal (96).

Abstract: A microwave frequency tunable filtering balun is provided. The microwave frequency tunable filtering balun comprises a first microwave split ring transmission line resonator and a second microwave split ring transmission line resonator arranged in a bilaterally symmetrical manner, a fourth variable capacitor and a fifth variable capacitor of same parameters. It combines two functions of balun and tunable bandpass filter (BPF) into one circuit, resulting in a compact design. The balun characteristic and frequency-tuning mechanism are investigated, and the design equations are derived.

Abstract: An equalizer for compensating transmission losses of electronic communication signals includes a circuit board and a compensation module. The compensation module includes a pair of input pins, a pair of output pins, and at least two resistors. When a signal transmitted by the circuit board is received by the input pins, a first portion of the signal is directly output from the output pins, a second portion of the signal is reflected by the first resistor and transmitted back to the output pins to output, and a third portion of the signal is reflected by the second resistor and transmitted back to the output pins to output, such that output of the equalizer applies two stages of compensation.

Abstract: A circuit is proposed by means of which a ceramic component having two electrodes can be provided with a uniform, but periodically alternating BIAS voltage. The component has properties dependent on the level of the BIAS voltage and, for the purpose of an increased service life, is connected to a generator for generating a BIAS voltage and to means for periodically reversing the polarity of the BIAS voltage present at the electrodes. In a method for operating the component having variable properties, a uniform BIAS voltage, the polarity of which is periodically reversed, however, is applied to the electrodes, and the service life of the component is thus increased.

Abstract: An integrated coupler may vertically integrate a hybrid coupler and a directional coupler. The hybrid coupler may include a first quarter-wave metallic strip dielectrically coupled to a second quarter-wave strip. The directional coupler may include the second quarter-wave metallic strip dielectrically coupled to a third metallic strip. The first quarter-wave metallic strip may receive a first input signal. The second quarter-wave metallic strip may receive a second input signal, and it may superimpose the first quarter-wave metallic strip along a vertical space, so as to combine power received from the first input signal and the second input signal to form an output signal. The third quarter-wave metallic strip may superimpose the second quarter-wave metallic strip along the vertical space, so as to sample the output signal of the second quarter-wave metallic strip.

Abstract: A plurality of power amplifiers are integrated into a semiconductor substrate and coupled to a corresponding first plurality of antennas on an adjacent first microwave substrate. A second microwave substrate carries a second plurality of antennas coupled to a combining network. The second microwave substrate is separated from the first microwave substrate to allow a free space combination of RF energy propagated by the first plurality of antennas.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a duplexer including a multilayer substrate with multiple stacked layers and a back surface with a rectangular shape is disclosed. An antenna terminal, a transmission terminal, a reception terminal, a ground terminal, and a conductor are provided in various positions on the multilayer substrate for improved performance.

Abstract: A disk resonator gyroscope includes a quartz base, a quartz resonator disk having a central pillar connected to the base, the quartz resonator disk having a surface facing the base and having plurality of circumferential slots in the surface of the quartz resonator disk around the central pillar, and an electrode comprised of quartz and connected to the base outside of an outer edge of the resonator disk.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a circuit, which comprises a resistor and a pMOS or cMOS transistor, has the characteristic of an inductor and produces an inductive impedance that operates over a substantially full range of a direct-current bias.

Abstract: On-chip high performance slow-wave coplanar waveguide structures, method of manufacture and design structures for integrated circuits are provided herein. The structure includes at least one ground and a signal layer provided in a same plane as the at least one ground. The signal layer has at least one alternating wide portion and narrow portion. The wide portion extends toward the at least one ground.

Abstract: On-chip high performance slow-wave microstrip line structures, methods of manufacture and design structures for integrated circuits are provided herein. The structure includes at least one ground and a signal layer provided in a different plane than the at least one ground. The signal layer has at least one alternating wide portion and narrow portion with an alternating thickness such that a height of the wide portion is different than a height of the narrow portion with respect to the at least one ground.

Abstract: A miniature circuit breaker having a pair of operable contacts in a main current path between a line terminal and load terminal, a trip mechanism for opening the contacts if an overcurrent condition occurs, and an electric motor to close the contacts via a contact closing mechanism. The trip mechanism includes a trigger mechanism and a contact opening mechanism, a current sensor arranged to detect current through the main current path, and a control unit. The trigger mechanism triggers the contact opening mechanism if a trip signal is produced. The control unit produces a trip signal to operate the trigger mechanism if it determines a short circuit condition occurs based on output of the current sensor; and the control unit is arranged to operate the electric motor to trigger the contact opening mechanism into opening the contacts independently of the trigger mechanism if it determines that an overload condition occurs.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic switching apparatus, a fixed core is fixedly-installed at a lower side, and a movable core driven by an electromagnetic force is installed at an upper side so as to be directly connected to a movable contact. This may require no shaft, and thus simplify the entire structure.

Abstract: Proximity switches are disclosed that preferably are provided in a hermetically sealed unit that can be used in harsh environments and under significant pressures, such as underwater and in nuclear power facilities, without having any parts that would require replacement or periodic maintenance. The proximity switches are preferably switches actuated by physical movement of a contact in response to changing magnetic forces. The switches are preferably disposed in a body tube optionally including a hermetic seal assembly to seal an open end of the body tube and/or a ferrule that prevents electrical wires attached to the switch inside the body tube from being pulled away from the switch. Further, the switches preferably maintain a contact pressure between electrical contacts sufficient to withstand acceleration seismic testing of 10 g with no contact discontinuity.

Abstract: A drive train is used at least including an input shaft and an output shaft. A clutch member is rotatable by a clutch shaft about an axis of rotation. The clutch shaft is supported for lateral movement along the axis of rotation to move the clutch member to cooperate with the drive train at a first lateral position to cause the output shaft to turn and to move the clutch member to a second lateral position to disengage the output shaft from rotation of the input shaft. A permanent magnet is supported by one end of the clutch shaft and arranged for receiving an external magnetic biasing force along the axis of rotation to selectively move the clutch member between the first and second lateral positions. A traveling shaft can be used to support a selected gear for movement by the permanent magnet to implement transmission and reversing configurations.

Abstract: A magnetizer including at least one reconfigurable magnetic flux guide coil is disclosed. A method of magnetizing a permanent magnet in-situ a mechanical member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A nanomagnet having widely tunable anisotropy is disclosed. The disclosed nanomagnet is a magnetic particle with a convex shape having a first magnetically easy axis. The convex shape is modified to include at least one concavity to urge a second magnetically easy axis to form substantially offset from the first magnetically easy axis. In at least one embodiment, the convex shape is also modified to include at least one concavity to urge a second magnetically easy axis to form with a magnetic strength substantially different from the first magnetically easy axis.

Abstract: A transformer and a liquid crystal display apparatus having the transformer are provided. The transformer includes a bobbin having at least one first winding section, at least one second winding section, and at least one core insertion groove formed therein. The transformer also includes at least one coil wound around the first winding section and the second winding section with at least one core inserted into the core insertion groove.

Abstract: A transformer assembly includes a vertical bobbin and a shrouding element. The vertical bobbin includes a first winding portion, a second winding portion, and a flange. The flange is disposed between the first winding portion and the second winding portion. The flange includes a flange edge. The shrouding element, which substantially covers the first winding portion or the second winding portion, includes a shrouding edge that is operatively coupled to the flange edge. The flange edge and the shrouding edge have at least one complementary corrugation. In one example, the flange edge includes at least one groove and the shrouding edge includes at least one protrusion that is complementary to the groove. In another example, the shrouding edge includes at least one groove and the flange edge includes at least one protrusion that is complementary to the groove.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for detachably fastening a current conductor (10) to a current transformer housing (12) comprising a fastening element (16, 32), wherein the fastening element (16, 32) can be guided such that the fastening element (16, 32) at least partially contacts the surface of the current conductor (10) in a fastening state of the current conductor (10) on the current transformer housing (12). The invention is characterized in that the fastening element (16, 32) is implemented such that it performs a translatory displacement in the direction of the current conductor (10) when transitioning from an unfastened state to the fastened state of the current conductor (10) to the current transformer housing (12).

Abstract: A high-frequency transformer includes a plurality of cores having a central leg, the cores being arranged to form core windows that are separated by the central legs. A primary winding has a predetermined length of electrically conductive wire that is wound about the central legs and extends through each of the core windows. One or more secondary windings extend through each core window, generally adjacent to the primary winding. The core windows are sized and shaped to provide a predetermined amount of leakage inductance between the primary and secondary windings, and are further adapted to provide a path for cooling air through an interior portion of the transformer.

Abstract: A transformer comprises a circuit board, an iron core, a winding set and a plurality of magnetic conduction elements. The circuit board has a plurality of electric conduction holes connected via at least one power connection wire. The iron core is located on the circuit board and has a first winding section and a second winding section. The winding set is wound on the first winding section. Each magnetic conduction element has a connecting section located on the iron core and an input section and an output section inserted into the electric conduction holes. The output section of one magnetic conduction element is connected to the input section of another magnetic conduction element through the power connection wire, thereby the magnetic conduction elements and power connection wire form a magnetic conduction winding set which generates magnetic coupling with the winding set through the iron core.

Abstract: A switchgear unit switches high DC voltages, particularly for interrupting of direct current between a direct current source and an electrical device. The switchgear unit contains two connections which project from a housing and which are electrically conductively coupled by a conductor path, a contact system which is arranged between the first and second connections and an isolating apparatus that can be tripped by a thermal fuse. The thermal fuse contains a melting location which is arranged in the conductor path and which is connected first to the contact system and second via a moving conductor section to the first connection. The isolating apparatus is tripped and the connection between the conductor section and the contact system is broken at the melting location when an arc produced when the contact system is opened has caused the melting temperature of the melting location to be reached or exceeded.

Abstract: A rocker switch unit (1) with fuse comprising a housing (2); a rocker switch (3) lodged pivotally in the housing (2); at least a fuse lodged in the housing (2) and at least two connection elements (9) for connecting the rocker switch unit (1) with an external apparatus, wherein the two connection elements (9) are connected to each other by the fuse, when rocker switch (3) is in an ON-position. According to the invention the housing (2) provides at least one blind hole (4) for accommodating the fuse, wherein one terminal of the fuse serves as a first connection element for connecting the rocker switch unit (1) with the external apparatus. The rocker switch unit 1 can be used in any apparatus, in a network filter or as IEC entry plug.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element is disclosed that includes a housing, connections for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to a current path or a signal path to be protected The overvoltage protection element further includes two varistors arranged inside the housing and electrically connected in parallel, and a center electrode arranged at least partially between the varistors. The housing has two housing halves made of metal and electrically connected to each other, wherein the center electrode is isolated from the housing halves and is electrically connected at the opposite sides of the electrode to a first connection area of a varistor and wherein the two varistors and the center electrode are sandwiched between the two housing halves. One housing half is designed as a cover, which has a covering section and a recessed engagement section.

Abstract: A function control method using boundary definition of present invention includes the steps of, setting a boundary line to virtually partition a given physical space, and controlling a predetermined function of an electronic appliance based on at least one or all of a position of the boundary line, and a shape and a size of a closed loop formed by the boundary line.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a system for controlling a movement of at least one person into a controlled location. The system includes an X-ray screening system having an entrance area defined by walls and a gate, and an exit area defined by walls and a gate. The gates are automatically controlled based upon the output of the X-ray screening system. Additional gates, defining an additional holding area, are used for subsequent analysis and inspection.

Abstract: A device, method and computer program product that provides tactile feedback to a visually impaired person to assist the visually impaired person in maintaining eye contact with another person when speaking to the other person. The eyeglass-based tactile response device includes a frame that has sensors mounted thereto, and a track that interconnects eyepieces on the device. In one example, a motor and a wheel are coupled to the track and are driven across the track depending on the amount of feedback to be provided to the user regarding how much the user should turn his or her head.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing apparatus including a projection control section configured to control projection of a projection image containing first information for authentication onto a second information processing apparatus placed within a projection region, an authentication control section configured to control an authentication process with the second information processing apparatus using second information for authentication detected based on a picked-up image of the projection region, and a communication control section configured to control communication with a second information processing apparatus authenticated by the authentication control section.

Abstract: A device is allowed to be used only in a specified location. The device has an automatic location detection part, and automatically determines its location, and whether that location is authorized. If unauthorized, or if no location detection signal is detected for too long a time, the device is deactivated.

Abstract: A secure keyless entry system integrates into an existing motorized garage door opening system to replace the one button transmitters typically placed in a vehicle. The one button transmitters are replaced with remote modules having alpha numeric key pads. The remote modules accept a string of input and compare the last four to eight entries to a previously set designated PIN. In order to obfuscate the designated PIN from on lookers, a user of the system may first enter a random string of decoy characters before finally entering the designated PIN. The disclosed system may also be used to replace the metal keys typically used to secure entry doors to a dwelling.

Abstract: A user is authorized to enter a side door in a vehicle having a rear closure by a method including: providing a door latch having an electric actuator energizable to unlatch the door latch; providing a rear closure latch that is unlatched by either a key operated lock cylinder or energization of an electrical actuator; providing a fob for transmitting a first radio signal indicating that a user is authorized to unlatch the door latch and a second radio signal energizing the rear closure latch; monitoring the transmission of the radio signals; monitoring the status of the closure latch to determine that the closure latch has been unlatched; and if the closure latch has been unlatched without the transmission of the second radio signal, calculating that the key was used, the user is authorized; and operating the door latch to permit user entry through the side door.

Abstract: A garage door/gate opening/closing mechanism is provided that utilizes electromechanical actuation to exert force on a button or buttons of a wall switch in order to actuate a garage door, where the switch actuates a garage door opener. The electromechanical actuator is actuated by means of an electrical signal produced by a radio frequency receiver or by means of a switch.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a display control section that performs display control of a first operation screen for performing first operation and a second operation screen for performing second operation. The information processing apparatus also includes a control section that performs control of terminating the first operation screen or making the first operation screen invisible based on information as to whether or not the user needs to authenticate display of the first operation screen or display of the second operation screen when the second operation screen is displayed in a state in which the first operation screen is displayed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for verifying and tracking transactional information. In an embodiment of the invention, a system for delivering security solutions is provided that includes at least one of the following: a radio frequency (RF) identification device, an identification mechanism (e.g., a card, sticker), and an RF reader.

Abstract: A method associated with a UWB RFID system provides for receiving a data transmission transmitted using UWB and accessing data within the data transmission using a communications protocol. An initial portion of the data transmission defines a structure of the data transmission such that subsequent data in the data transmission is directly accessible without additional decoding.

Abstract: A method, system, and a control device are provided for reducing RFID reaction times. A control unit receives a data signal, which comprises a code signal if a passive RFID transponder is located in the carrier field of an RFID reader. The code represents the identification code of the passive RFID transponder. The carrier field is disabled to reset the data signal, and thereafter enabled to receive a first portion of the code signal only. The code of the passive RFID transponder is then validated on the basis of said first portion of the code signal only.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader circuit includes a Radio Frequency (RF) source, a RF power amplifier coupled to an output of the RF source in a transmitting path, a first RF bandpass filter coupled between the output of the RF source and a mixer module, and a low noise amplifier in a receiving path being coupled to an input of a second RF bandpass filter. The mixer module receives a signal from the first RF bandpass filter and a signal from the second RF bandpass filter, the mixer module multiplies the signal from the first RF bandpass filter with the signal from the second RF bandpass filter to recover the backscatter sidebands in the signal from the second RF bandpass filter, and the first and second RF bandpass filters provide identical or nearly identical delay of signals. Other systems, methods and circuits are also described.

Abstract: A transponder unit for transferring data to a reading device by modulation of an electromagnetic field includes a device for varying the data block size of the data by restricting the same or by modifying a clock signal, in dependence on a frequency difference between a clock frequency of a clock signal transferred from the reading device to the transponder unit, and a frequency generator frequency of a frequency generator of the transponder unit.