Abstract: A transparent conductor comprising: a graphene layer and a permanent dipole layer on the graphene layer configured to electrostatically dope the graphene layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reinforcing a glass-ceramic article, into which a maximum tension is introduced beneath the surface of the glass-ceramic, advantageously in proximity to said surface. The invention also relates to an enamel that can be used for this reinforcement, this enamel being formed from a glass frit having the following composition, the proportions being expressed as weight percentages: SiO2 50-66% MgO 3-8% Na2O ?7-15% K2O 0-3% Li2O ?0-12% CaO ?0-10% BaO ?0-15% Al2O3 0-3% ZrO2 0-3% ZnO 0-5% B2O3 0-8% the sum of the alkaline-earth metal oxides CaO+BaO moreover being between 8 and 15%, and the sum of the alkali metal oxides Na2O+K2O+Li2O moreover being between 7 and 20%. The invention also relates to the reinforced glass-ceramics obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crosslinkable mixture comprising a polyolefin, an alkoxysilane, an organopolysiloxane, a free radical initiator and a liquid polymer modifier. The organopolysiloxane contains two or more hydroxyl end groups. When the crosslinkable mixture is melt-shaped, a unique crosslinked composition is formed. The liquid polymer modifier improves flexibility of the melt-shaped article without decreasing dielectric strength.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polyester polymer product which contains partially or fully cobalt-neutralized organic sulphonic acid component and which is substantially free of ether and its preparation. The present disclosure also provides an oxygen scavenging composition made from a mixture of the polyester polymer product of the present disclosure, an organic oxidizable polymeric component and optionally at least one additional polyester component. The present disclosure further provides a packaging article defined by walls having an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) less than 0.2 cc·m?2 day?1 at 0.28 mm thickness and its preparation.

Abstract: Multi-component materials are substantially homogeneous and fully curable and comprise an elastic filler, an isocyanate curing agent, and a polyol resin ingredient that when combined produce a polymeric matrix, polyurethane and/or polyurea, having the filler dispersed therein. The material has a variation in polyisocyanate weight ratio of up to 350%. The filler is ground rubber tire particles sized 20 mesh or smaller. The mix weight ratio of the curing agent to resin ingredient is from about 40:100 to 140:100. The material is made and dispensed using a system configured to combine a heated mixture of the resin and filler with the curing agent at a desired variable mix ratio. A controller is used to provide the desired mix ratio and permits “on the fly” adjustment of the mix ratio while the resin and curing agent is being dispensed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyurethane foam obtained from a polyurethane raw material containing polyol, isocyanate, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst and a foam-forming gas by a mechanical froth method, wherein the polyol contains a castor oil-based polyol having a viscosity at 25° C. of 2,000 mPa·s or less, and a polyether-based polyol, the castor oil-based polyol is contained in an amount of from 20 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol, the polyether-based polyol is contained in an amount of from 20 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyol, the polyurethane foam has an apparent density of from 100 to 700 kg/m3, and compressive residual strain at 100° C. of 20% or less, and the polyurethane foam can be preferably used as a sealing material in a neighboring region of a heat source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive alkali-soluble silicone resin composition comprising an alkali-soluble silicone resin (A) which comprises a carboxyl group or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride group in one molecule; an alkali-soluble resin (B) whose acid value is between 10 mgKOH/g and 200 mgKOH/g; and a photoinitiator (C). The (A) or (B) ingredient may comprise a photosensitive unsaturated double bond group, or the photosensitive alkali-soluble silicone resin composition may further comprise a compound (D) which comprises a photosensitive unsaturated double bond.

Abstract: A non-transparent paper is described for non-transparent art or graphic design sketches, which prevents seepage of the inks, it accepts any type of gel, water-based, solvent-based, oil-based or mixed inks and solid materials for sketching and drawing, as well as fixatives for the solid materials. This paper consists of a lamination of at least two sheets of uncoated bond paper, inserting at least one intermediate layer of pigmented opacifying emulsion between both sheets, applied between the layers of paper to prevent transparency and the seepage of inks from one face of the lamination to the other. This layer of emulsion contains at least one opacifying pigment, at least one adhesive, agents to control viscosity and surface tension and other components.

Abstract: A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

Abstract: A casting component and method for the application of an anticorrosive layer to a substrate, such as the casting component, are provided. The casting component for a device for casting a metal melt includes a metallic basic body and a melt contact surface region which is exposed to the metal melt during casting operation. In the casting component, the metallic basic body is provided in the melt contact surface region with an anticorrosive layer which is resistant to the metal melt and which is formed, using microparticles and/or nanoparticles of one or more substances from a substance group which includes borides, nitrides and carbides of the transition metals and their alloys and also of boron and silicon and Al2O3.

Abstract: A low-emissivity glass which is outstandingly durable and is heat treatable without any changes in its characteristics before and after the heat treatment; and a production method therefor. The heat-treatable low-emissivity glass according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises: a sunlight-adjusting metal layer which is formed above a glass substrate; a first dielectric layer which is formed below the sunlight-adjusting metal layer; a second dielectric layer which is formed above the sunlight-adjusting metal layer; and an uppermost protective layer which is formed above the second dielectric layer, and in that the first dielectric layer has a structure obtained by the lamination of a lowermost dielectric layer comprising a metal oxide and a lower metal protective dielectric layer comprising a metal (oxy)nitride, and an advantage of the present invention is that there is no change in the characteristics of the low-emissivity glass even after heat treatment.

Abstract: Cutting tool has a substrate and a multilayer coating deposited by PVD. The coating comprises a base layer of one or more identical or different layers of a nitride or carbonitride which contains at least aluminium (Al) and a chromium-containing, oxidic functional layer. Attachment of the chromium-containing functional layer is improved by an intermediate layer of one or more oxides or oxide nitrates of the metals Al, Cr, Si, and/or Zr provided between the base layer and the functional layer. The intermediate layer has a cubic structure and the chromium-containing functional layer is selected from chromium oxide (Cr2O3), chromium oxynitride, aluminium-chromium oxide (AlCr)2O3, aluminium-chromium oxynitride or a mixed oxide or mixed oxynitride of aluminium, chromium and further metals of (AlCrMe1, Men)2 oxide or (AlCrMe1, Men)2 oxynitride, where Me . . . Men means one or more further metals, selected from Hf, Y, Zr and Ru, and wherein the functional layer has a rhombohedral structure.

Abstract: A security laminate (1) including in order a transparent oriented polyester support (2), a subbing layer (3) and an adhesive layer (4) which is coated on top of the subbing layer, wherein the binder of the adhesive layer is based on a mixture of a first and a second polymer in a weight ratio from 50/50 to 90/10, wherein the first polymer is a copolymer comprising vinyl acetate and at least 85 wt % of vinyl chloride based on the total weight of the first polymer; wherein the second polymer is a copolymer of styrene, butadiene and methylmethacrylate or a copolymer of vinyl butyral, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol; and wherein the binder of the subbing layer is based on a polyester-urethane copolymer.

Abstract: The performance of an ABx type metal hydride alloy is improved by adding an element to the alloy which element is operative to enhance the surface area morphology of the alloy. The alloy may include surface regions of differing morphologies.

Abstract: An islands-in-sea fiber includes island components and a sea component arranged to surround the island components, wherein the island components and the sea component are composed of at least two polymers and are provided on a fiber cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the fiber axis. The islands-in-sea fiber is a raw yarn for a combined filament yarn, which can be used to produce a cloth having good tension and drape and an excellent color-developing property. An islands-in-sea fiber in which at least two types of island components having different diameters are arranged on the same fiber cross section, the islands-in-sea fiber characterized in that at least one type of the island components have diameters of 10-1000 nm and have fluctuations in diameters of 1.0-20.0%.

Abstract: Provided is a water absorbent resin having excellent liquid permeability, water absorbent speed, anti-impact stability, and weather resistance. Provided is a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin powder in which the water absorption capacity without load (CRC) is 30 to 45 [g/g], the water absorption capacity under load (AAP 0.3) is 20 to 35 [g/g], the water absorption capacity under load (AAP 0.7) is 10 to 28 [g/g], and the weight average particle diameter (D50) is 300 to 500 ?m, characterized by including p-methoxyphenol; having a degradable soluble component (0.05% L-A (saline) for 2 hours/60° C., one hour extraction rinse/room temperature) of 40% by weight or less; and having a internal gas bubbles ratio of 0.1 to 2.5%, as specified by the following equation.

Abstract: A composition for use as rock dust is disclosed. The composition may include a ground inorganic particulate material treated with at least one fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof. Also disclosed is a composition including coal dust and mine rock dust, which may include a ground inorganic particulate material treated with at least one fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof. The amount of mine rock dust may be sufficient to render the coal dust explosively inert. The composition may also include an untreated inorganic particulate material. The treated inorganic particulate material may be calcium carbonate. The untreated inorganic particulate material may be calcium carbonate. The fatty acid may be stearic acid.

Abstract: A method of bonding a first substrate to a second substrate includes providing a glass, applying the glass in a layer between the first and second substrates to form an assembly, and heating the assembly to a bonding temperature above a glass transition temperature of the devitrifying glass, selected to cause the glass to bond the first substrate to the second substrate. The devitrifying glass has constituents that include various amounts of group A in a molar concentration of 70-95%, group B in a molar concentration of 5-20%, group C in a molar concentration of 1-20%, group D in a molar concentration of 0-6%; and group E in a molar concentration of 0-10%. The group A, B, C, D and E groups are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method, and an article made therefrom, of: contacting a substrate with a first solution of first polyelectrolyte chains to form a layer of the first polyelectrolyte on the substrate; and contacting the layer of the first polyelectrolyte with a second solution of second polyelectrolyte chains to form a layer of the second polyelectrolyte. The first polyelectrolyte has a polyanion or polycation chain. The second polyelectrolyte has a polyanion or polycation chain of a charge opposite to that of the first polyelectrolyte. The first solution or the second solution is an aggregate-forming solution comprising an ionic species having at least two discrete sites of a charge opposite to that of the polyelectrolyte chains in the aggregate-forming solution. The ionic species forms, via bridging interactions, aggregates of the polyelectrolyte chains that remain intact in the aggregate-forming solution during the contact.

Abstract: A hybrid coating composition including an organosilane component, a metal alkoxide component and a surfactant component, with the metal alkoxide component present in the composition at a molar ratio of about 75:1 with respect to the surfactant component. The hybrid coating composition once cured on a transparent substrate has an initial clarity greater than 98. Transparent members are also disclosed that include a transparent substrate having the hybrid coating composition cured on a first major surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interlayer film for laminated glass which enables production of laminated glass having a high visible transmittance and excellent heat-shielding properties, and enables the laminated glass to retain the high visible transmittance for a long period of time; and provides laminated glass including the interlayer film. An interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first heat-shielding layer and at least one second heat-shielding layer. The first heat-shielding layer includes a thermoplastic resin and at least one component selected from a phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, and an anthracocyanine compound. The second heat-shielding layer includes a thermoplastic resin and metal oxide particles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses coating compositions comprising: I) at least one highly absorbing material selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium and osmium compounds, and mixtures thereof; II) an inorganic glass binder or a precursor thereof; III) a ceramic filler comprising metal oxides, metal powders and mixtures thereof; and V) a liquid organic vehicle. The invention further discloses methods for preparing these coatings and uses thereof in solar applications.

Abstract: A biaxially stretched polyester film, being a biaxially stretched film including a modified polybutylene terephthalate (modified PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), wherein a mass ratio (modified PBT/PET) between the modified PBT and PET is 20/80 to 5/95, the modified PBT is a PBT containing 5 to 20% by mass of a polytetramethylene glycol unit having a molecular weight of 600 to 4,000, the amount of tetrahydrofuran (THF) generated by heat treating the biaxially stretched film in a helium gas atmosphere at 180° C. for 30 minutes is 50 ?g/g or less, and the biaxially stretched film has tear linearity in a lengthwise direction thereof.

Abstract: Methods and systems for thermal printing of thermally printable photonic crystal materials and assemblies. The photonic crystal materials and assemblies are responsive to thermal stimuli, wherein temperatures above a thermal threshold results in an optically detectable change in the appearance of the materials and assemblies. Heat is selectively applied to one or more portions of the materials and assemblies, in order to thermally print a graphic onto the materials and assemblies.

Abstract: An electroconductive material that includes a metal component containing a first metal and a second metal having a higher melting point than the first metal, and has a configuration in which the first metal is Sn or an alloy containing Sn, and the second metal is a Cu—Cr alloy which forms, with the first metal, an intermetallic compound exhibiting a melting point of 310° C. or higher. The first metal can be Sn alone or an alloy containing Sn and at least one of Cu, Ni, Ag, Au, Sb, Zn, Bi, In, Ge, Al, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Pd, Si, Sr, Te, and P.

Abstract: A novel type of ultrathin cationic hydrogel coatings are provided that have high, quick and reversible swelling/shrinkage transitions and surface wettability in response to pH changes. The poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PVP) hydrogel films are produced by selective cross-linking of PVP copolymers in layer-by-layer (LbL) films assembled by spin-assisted method. These multilayer hydrogels exhibit drastic and reversible 10-fold swelling when the pH is changed from neutral to acidic. The swelling amplitude of these coatings is controlled by varying cross-link densities within the films. The pH-responsive hydrogels open new prospects for developing “intelligent” materials with sharp stimuli-triggered responses for applications in sensing, transport regulation, and self-cleaning coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photocurable elastomer compositions and methods of preparation and use of such compositions for cure-in-place applications such as gaskets. The curable compositions generally include an elastomer component, a monofunctional and/or multifunctional reactant and a photoinitiator that in various aspects may be a visible and/or UV curing initiator. The various components may be present in different amounts, depending on the combination of components and composition desired.

Abstract: Fibrous substrates may be adhered to other substrates utilizing substituted cellulose ester adhesives that comprises a cellulose polymer backbone having an organic ester substituent and an inorganic ester substituent that comprises an inorganic, nonmetal atom selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and chlorine.

Abstract: A multifunction accessory is adapted to attach to at least two charms. Means of attachment to more than one charm is by, for example, including an opening in the accessory, screw threads, magnet and spring. Decorative combinations including the multifunction accessory has one or two charms and can be worn as a neck chain or attached to other items such as a key holder or chain.

Abstract: Provided is a copper alloy plate that is for an FPC substrate and that has superior heat dissipation, repeated bending workability, shape retaining properties, and heat resistance. The copper alloy plate contains at least 0.01 mass % of the total of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cr, Fe, In, Ni, P, Si, Sn, Ti, Zn, and Zr, contains no more than 1.0 mass % of Ag, no more than 0.08 mass % of Ti, no more than 2.0 mass % of Ni, no more than 3.5 mass % of Zn, and no more than 0.5 mass % of Cr, Fe, In, P, Si, Sn, and Zr by the total of the at least one element selected from the group, the remainder comprising Cu and impurities, has a conductivity of at least 60% IACS, has a tensile strength of at least 350 MPa, and has I(311)/IO(311) determined by X-ray diffraction in the thickness direction of the plate surface that satisfies the formula I(311)/IO(311)?0.5.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method of manufacturing fine metal powder and fine metal powder manufactured by using the same. The method of manufacturing fine metal powder includes forming a pattern having a predetermined size and shape on a base substrate, forming a metal film on the pattern, and separating the metal film from the pattern to obtain individual metal particles having a predetermined size and shape. The fine metal powder manufactured by the method has a uniform shape and a uniform particle size distribution. The fine metal powder is in the form of flakes, having a large ratio of particle diameter to thickness.

Abstract: An elongate core metal insert for reinforcing a resilient weatherseal includes a main body portion extending along a longitudinal axis, opposed first and second edges, and opposed first and second face surfaces extending between the first and second edges. A plurality of flutes are formed into the first and second face surfaces of the core metal insert in an undulating pattern, and extend between the first and second edges such the core metal insert is corrugated. The corrugation of the core metal insert separates the first and second face surfaces by a distance greater than the original thickness of the core metal insert. A method of providing such a core metal insert also is provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for attaching a heat spreader to a die and includes disposing a solder thermal interface material between a first surface of a die and a first surface of a heat spreader without disposing a liquid flux between the die and the heat spreader to form an assembly, wherein at least one of the first surface of the die and a first surface of the heat spreader have disposed thereon a metallization structure comprising a transition layer and a sacrificial metallization layer, the sacrificial metallization layer disposed as an outer layer to the metallization structure adjacent the solder thermal interface material; and heating the assembly to melt the thermal interface and attach the die to the heat spreader.

Abstract: A sheet metal component for a vehicle comprising a metal sheet having thickened portions integrated into the metal sheet that reinforces local areas of the sheet metal component. The metal sheet has integrally formed longitudinal members and cross-members. A method of manufacturing a sheet metal component is also disclosed that comprises selecting a planar sheet metal blank that is cut to size to define an outer contour. At least one reinforcing layer is provided on the blank to form thickened portions of the blank. The method also includes the steps of heating the blank, forming the blank into the desired geometric shape of the sheet metal component, and hardening the sheet metal component.

Abstract: An electrolytic copper foil is provided. The electrolytic copper foil has a shiny side and a matte side opposing to the shiny side, wherein the difference in roughness between the shiny side and the matte side is 0.5 ?m or less. The electrolytic copper foil has a tensile strength of 45 kg/mm2 or above, and is particularly suitable for applications in a lithium ion secondary battery.

Abstract: A composite structure includes a substrate with pores of a first mean pore size and a coating on at least one surface of that substrate. This coating has pores of a second mean pore size where the first mean pore size is equal to or greater than said second mean pore size. When the pore size of the coating is effective to capture particulate greater than 0.2 micron, the composite may be formed into a filter effective to remove microbes from a fluid medium. One method to form the porous coating on the substrate includes the steps of: (a) forming a suspension of sinterable particles in a carrier fluid and containing the suspension in a reservoir; (b) maintaining the suspension by agitation in the reservoir; (c) immersing the substrate in the reservoir; (c) applying a first coating of the suspension to the substrate; (d) removing the substrate with the applied first coating from the reservoir; and (e) sintering the sinterable particles to the substrate thereby forming a coated substrate.

Abstract: A stainless steel-and-amorphous alloy composite includes a stainless steel part and an amorphous alloy part. The stainless steel part has nano-pores defined in a surface thereof. The amorphous alloy part is integrally bonded to the surface having the nano-pores. A method for manufacturing the composite is also described.

Abstract: An embodiment of a metallic table constructed with a Non-Flammable Substrate 101 used as the internal structure for a Metallic Table Top 201, including a Metallic Table Apron 301. The Metallic Table Apron 301 may be joined to the Metallic Table Top 201 by welding, brazing, or other methods without causing damage or ignition to the Non-Flammable Substrate 101. The Metallic Table Apron 301 increases the visible thickness and decorative variety of a metallic table for decorative purposes without obtrusively increasing the weight or manufacturing cost of a metallic table.

Abstract: Recoating process and recoated turbine blade are disclosed. The recoating process includes providing a coated turbine blade, then removing a portion of the thermal barrier coating system to form a partially-stripped turbine blade, then applying a bond recoat to the stripped region of the partially-stripped turbine blade; and then applying a thermal barrier recoat to the bond recoat to form a recoated turbine blade. The recoated turbine blade comprises the bond coating portion abutting the bond recoat, the thermal barrier coating portion abutting the thermal barrier recoat, and the stepped configuration. The coated turbine blade has a thermal barrier coating system positioned on a substrate. The partially-stripped turbine blade has a stripped region, a bond coating portion, a thermal barrier coating portion, and a stepped configuration.

Abstract: Provided are: a galvannealed steel sheet, reliably and sufficiently improved in the adhesiveness of a plated layer with a base steel sheet, as a galvannealed steel sheet, prepared by using a high-strength steel sheet as a base material; and a method for producing the galvannealed steel sheet. The galvannealed steel sheet wherein a galvannealed layer is formed on a base steel sheet including a high-strength steel having predetermined component composition; the average amount of Fe in the galvannealed layer is in a range of 8.0 to 12.0%; and the absolute value ?Fe of a difference between the amount of Fe in the vicinity of an interface with the base steel sheet (the amount of Fe in the vicinity of an internal side) and the amount of Fe in the vicinity of the external surface of the plated layer (the amount of Fe in the vicinity of an external side) in the plated layer is in a range of 0.0 to 3.0%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a strip consisting of an aluminum material for producing components with improved bending behavior and exacting shaping requirements, a method for producing the strip and the use of sheets produced from the strip according to the invention. The strip has a core layer of an AlMgSi alloy and at least one outer aluminum alloy layer arranged on one or both sides, made from a non-hardenable aluminum alloy, wherein the at least one outer aluminum layer has a lower tensile strength in the (T4) state than the AlMgSi layer, wherein the strip has a uniform strain (Ag) in the (T4) state of more than 23% transverse to the rolling direction and, at a thickness of 1.5 mm-1.6 mm, achieves a bending angle of less than 40° in a bending test.

Abstract: A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent stretch flangeability and precision punchability containing predetermined components and a balance being composed of iron and inevitable impurities, in which in a range of ? to ? in sheet thickness from the surface of the steel sheet, an average value of pole densities of the {100}<011> to {223}<110> orientation group represented by respective crystal orientations of {100}<011>, {116}<110>, {114}<110>, {113}<110>, {112}<110>, {335}<110>, and {223}<110> is 6.5 or less, and a pole density of the {332}<113> crystal orientation is 5.0 or less, and a metal structure contains, in terms of an area ratio, greater than 5% of pearlite, the sum of bainite and martensite limited to less than 5%, and a balance composed of ferrite.

Abstract: Stainless steel for fuel cell separators are provided which exhibit stable contact resistance characteristics and excellent practical utility. The stainless steel contains not less than 16 mass % of Cr. When the surface configuration of the stainless steel is analyzed with a scanning electron microscope at a spatial resolution of not more than 0.1 ?m, the surface modulus is not less than 1.02. Preferably, the chemical composition further includes C: not more than 0.03%, Si: not more than 1.0%, Mn: not more than 1.0%, S: not more than 0.01%, P: not more than 0.05%, Al: not more than 0.20%, N: not more than 0.03%, Cr: 16 to 40%, and one or more of Ni: not more than 20%, Cu: not more than 0.6% and Mo: not more than 2.5%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A battery pack including a case, which is improved by preventing deformation, such as warp, from occurring to the case, is provided. The battery pack includes one or more batteries, a protective circuit module (PCM) electrically connected to the batteries, a case accommodating the batteries and the PCM, and one or more warp preventing portions inserted into a frame forming the case and formed along the lengthwise direction of the case. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the case of the battery pack from being warped or distorted.

Abstract: A battery pack including a battery cell; a protection circuit module (PCM) electrically coupled to the battery cell; a case including internally defined positions for housing the battery cell and the PCM and having a hole; a connector extending through the hole and protruding from the case, the connector electrically coupling the battery cell to an external device; and a sealing member located substantially parallel to an extending direction of the connector and adjacent to an inner side of the case and sealing the hole.

Abstract: A portable fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having a plurality of flow inputs and a power output, a temperature sensor configured to measure operating temperature of the fuel cell, a power output sensor coupled to the fuel cell and configured to measure a power parameter related to fuel cell power output, a controllable power converter, coupled to the power output of the fuel cell, that transfers power from the fuel cell to the fuel cell system, and a flow control device coupled to a first flow input and configured to control a first one of the flow inputs into the fuel cell. The system further includes a fuel cell system controller, coupled to the fuel cell, the power output, the temperature sensor, the power output sensor, the controllable power converter, and the flow control device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a metal support thermal to electric converting cell, a thermal to electric power generator using the same, and a method for manufacturing the thermal to electric converting cell. Unlike a conventional method for manufacturing the thermal to electric converting cell by sintering a solid electrolyte, a method provided by the present invention is to manufacture the thermal to electric converting cell by coating a metal support capable of collecting electricity and functioning as an electrode with the solid electrolyte in the form of a high density thin film, so that the cell has durability and stability at a high temperature and a high pressure and has improved efficiency due to the thin film structure.

Abstract: A flow battery system and method are provided. The flow battery system may include a feed system feeding positive electrolyte from a first storage tank to a positive inlet of a battery stack and negative electrolyte from a second storage tank to a negative inlet of the battery stack, a return system returning charged electrolyte from the battery stack to the first and second storage tanks, and a controller to selectively control at least one of the feed system and the return system so positive electrolyte, from the first storage tank, is applied a negative charge by the battery stack and then returned by the return system to the second storage tank, and so negative electrolyte, from the second storage tank, is applied a positive charge by the battery stack and then returned by the return system to the first storage tank.

Abstract: A battery module includes: battery blocks which are connected to each other and each of which includes cells. Each of the cells has an opening through which a gas generated in the cell is released to an outside. Each of the battery blocks has a holder in which the cells are accommodated with the openings of the cells being aligned on a same side. On a side of the battery block on which the openings are aligned, a flat plate in touch with one end of the cells is disposed such that the gas passes above the flat plate. Each adjacent two of the battery blocks are disposed such that the flat plates are substantially flush with each other. The flat plate of one of the each adjacent two of the battery blocks extends above the holder of the other of the each adjacent two of the battery blocks.

Abstract: A secondary battery including an electrode assembly; first and second collector plates connected to respective first and second electrodes of the electrode assembly; a case accommodating the electrode assembly, the first collector plate, and the second collector plate; a cap plate sealing an opening of the case; a first electrode terminal electrically connected to the first collector plate and passing through the cap plate; a second electrode terminal electrically connected to the second collector plate and passing through the cap plate; and a short-circuit member electrically connected to the first collector plate and passing through the cap plate, the short-circuit member including a duct part in communication with an inside of the case; and a deformable part covering a top portion of the duct part and being deformable by a gas pressure inside the case to electrically connect the first electrode to the second electrode.