Abstract: A process for manufacturing a transparent body for use in a touch panel is provided. The process includes: The process includes depositing a first transparent layer stack over a substrate with a first silicon-containing dielectric film, a second silicon-containing dielectric film, and a third silicon-containing dielectric film. The first and the third silicon-containing dielectric films have a low refractive index and the second silicon-containing dielectric film has a high refractive index. The process further includes depositing a transparent conductive film in a manner such that the first transparent layer stack and the transparent conductive film are disposed over the substrate in this order. At least one of the first silicon-containing dielectric film, the second silicon-containing dielectric film, the silicon-containing third dielectric film, or the transparent conductive film is deposited by sputtering from a target.

Abstract: A method of forming a CZT(S,Se) thin film from a quaternary target involves sputtering a quaternary target onto a substrate, wherein the quaternary target comprises (a) copper, (b) zinc, (c) tin, and (d) selenium and/or sulfur, wherein each component (a) through (d) is present in the quaternary target within ±50% of a 2:1:1:4 molar ratio, respectively, thereby forming a CZT(S,Se) thin film on the substrate, wherein the CZT(S,Se) thin film has a kesterite crystalline phase and a band gap of about 1.0 to 1.5 eV. In an embodiment, a ternary target is employed.

Abstract: The electrolysis water-making apparatus (A) which is an apparatus for making electrolysis water (W5) by electrolyzing a raw material solution (W1, W3) including a chlorine ion includes: an electrolytic cell (2); a raw material solution feed pump (3) used to supply the raw material solution (W1, W3) to the electrolytic cell (2); and a pipe (32, 36) connecting an outlet (3b) of the raw material solution feed pump (3) allowing the raw material solution (W1, W3) to be discharged therefrom and an inlet (26) allowing the raw material solution (W1, W3) to flow into the electrolytic cell (2). In addition, the raw material solution feed pump (3) is provided so that the outlet (3b) is disposed on a lower side of the inlet (26).

Abstract: An acidic component generator includes a discharge electrode and a voltage supply. The voltage supply is configured to apply a high frequency voltage to the discharge electrode to discharge electricity, thereby generating an acidic component.

Abstract: A thin-film formation sputtering device capable of forming a high-quality thin film at high rates is provided. A sputtering device includes a target holder provided in a vacuum container, a substrate holder facing the target holder, a means for introducing a plasma generation gas into the vacuum container, a means for generating an electric field for sputtering in a region including a surface of a target, an antenna placement room provided between inner and outer surfaces of a wall of the vacuum container as well as separated from an inner space of the vacuum container by a dielectric window, and a radio-frequency antenna, which is provided in the antenna placement room, for generating a radio-frequency induction electric field in the region including the surface of the target held by the target holder.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a sputtering target comprised of zinc and a dopant. Zinc is utilized for metal oxide semiconductor materials, such as IGZO, zinc oxide and zinc oxynitride. The zinc may be delivered by sputtering a zinc target in a desired atmosphere. If a pure zinc sputtering target is used, a stable film cannot be produced unless mobility is sacrificed to below 10 cm2/V-s. By adding a dopant, such as gallium, not only can a stable film be deposited, but the film will have a mobility of greater than 30 cm2/V-s. The dopant can be incorporated directly into the zinc or as a separate sputtering target directly adjacent the zinc sputtering target.

Abstract: A biosensor with an underfill recognition system assesses whether to analyze a sample for one or more analytes in response to the volume of the sample. The underfill recognition system applies polling and test excitation signals to the sample. The polling signals generate one or more polling output signals, which maybe used to detect when a sample is present and to determine whether the sample has sufficient volume for analysis. The test excitation signal generates one or more test output signals, which may be used to determine one or more analyte concentrations in the sample.

Abstract: A polymer matrix that may coated on an electrode is created by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of a polyaniline formed by templated oxidative polymerization on a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme. The polymer matrix may be hydrated, and the absorbed water may make it permeable to, for example, glucose. The polyaniline may be polyaniline itself or a substituted polyaniline; the water-soluble crosslinker may be poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether, and the redox enzyme may be glucose oxidase. The polymer matrix may be produced by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme in a single step at an about neutral pH, curing by drying. After hydration, the crosslinked polymer matrix may form a 3-dimensional glucose-permeable bioelectrocatalyst, catalyzing the electrooxidation of glucose.

Abstract: The invention provides a droplet actuator. The droplet actuator may include a base substrate and a top substrate separated to form a gap. The base substrate may include electrodes configured for conducting droplet operations in the gap; and the top substrate may include a glass substrate portion coupled to a non-glass portion, where the non-glass portion may include one or more openings establishing a fluid path extending from an exterior of the droplet actuator and into the gap. The invention also provides related methods of manufacturing the droplet actuator, methods of using the droplet actuator, and methods of loading the droplet actuator.

Abstract: Provided are device components, devices and methods characterized by a high contrast signal to noise ratio (CNR).

Abstract: Electrically-driven separation systems and methods for use in oil recovery.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of performing force spectroscopy, the methods comprising the steps of providing dielectrophoretic tweezers having at least one set of macroscopic electrodes, at least one of the electrodes having a microfabricated dielectric structure comprising a microwell; depositing force probes on a surface; binding the force probes to molecules on the surface; and applying voltage across set of macroscopic electrodes to thereby manipulate the molecules. Also provided are novel apparatus for performing force spectroscopy, the apparatus comprising dielectrophoretic tweezers having at least one set of macroscopic electrodes, at least one of the electrodes having a microfabricated dielectric structure comprising a microwell.

Abstract: Electromagnetic water treatment devices for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water are disclosed. The water treatment devices may include a water-immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic output fields effective to remove scale, prevent the growth of scale and/or eliminate microbes in a water supply system. Systems and methods for treating water using the disclosed devices are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed including a method of neutralizing charges of solid contaminants and weakening cell walls and membranes of biological contaminants in a fluid, comprising the steps of: establishing a flow of a fluid through a fluid treatment chamber surrounded by a sidewall of a fluid treatment vessel shaped as a conduit having a fluid input port, and a fluid output port, the sidewall constructed of a shielding material; and energizing a coil of at least one antenna within the fluid treatment chamber with at least one electrical energizing unit to produce pulsed radiation within the fluid treatment chamber to treat the flow of the fluid therein, wherein the sidewall of the fluid treatment vessel establishes a chamber having a capacity to restrict propagation of the pulsed radiation out of the fluid treatment vessel.

Abstract: A device comprising, a substrate having a droplet thereover, and an electrical source coupleable to the substrate. The electrical source is configured to apply a voltage between the substrate and the droplet using an electrode. The electrode has a first portion and a second portion non-symmetric to the first portion, the first and second portions defined by a plane located normal to a longitudinal axis and through a midpoint of a length of the electrode.

Abstract: A laminating structure includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, a first spacer disposed between the first and second magnetic layers and a second spacer disposed on the second magnetic layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for substrate metallization from electrolyte is provided. The apparatus comprises: an immersion cell containing metal salt electrolyte; at least one electrode connecting to at least one power supply; an electrically conductive substrate holder holding at least one substrate to expose a conductive side of the substrate to face the at least one electrode; an oscillating actuator for oscillating the substrate holder with an amplitude and a frequency; at least one ultrasonic device with an operating frequency and an intensity, disposed in the metallization apparatus; at least one ultrasonic power generator connecting to the ultrasonic device; at least one inlet for metal slat electrolyte feeding; and at least one outlet for metal salt electrolyte draining.

Abstract: Multi-layer microscale or mesoscale structures are fabricated with adhered layers (e.g. layers that are bonded together upon deposition of successive layers to previous layers) and are then subjected to a heat treatment operation that enhances the interlayer adhesion significantly. The heat treatment operation is believed to result in diffusion of material across the layer boundaries and associated enhancement in adhesion (i.e. diffusion bonding). Interlayer adhesion and maybe intra-layer cohesion may be enhanced by heat treating in the presence of a reducing atmosphere that may help remove weaker oxides from surfaces or even from internal portions of layers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermal management hybrid article includes electroplating a copper layer on a graphitic layer, adhering the copper-plated graphitic layer to a plate of aluminum with a nano-copper paste to form a substrate, heating the substrate in a forming gas at a temperature less than 500° C. to melt to recrystallize the nano-copper paste, and cooling the substrate after the heating. A method of manufacturing a thermal management hybrid article includes electroplating a copper layer on a graphitic layer, electroplating copper on a plate of aluminum, and soldering the copper-plated layer on the graphitic layer to the copper-plated plate of aluminum. A method of manufacturing a thermal management hybrid article also includes electroplating a copper layer on a graphitic layer and immersing the copper-plated graphitic layer in molten aluminum to cast the an aluminum layer on the copper layer.

Abstract: A laminating structure includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, a first spacer disposed between the first and second magnetic layers and a second spacer disposed on the second magnetic layer.

Abstract: A graphite oxide or graphene preparation method includes providing a plasma electrolytic apparatus, where an electrolytic solution is provided and a graphite electrode is configured as a cathode of the plasma electrolytic apparatus; and providing a cathodic current so as to initiate a plasma electrolytic process at the graphite cathode to obtain graphite oxide or graphene. The graphite oxide can be synthesized through plasma electrolytic processing at relatively low temperature under atmospheric pressure within a very short period of time, without the need for concentrated acids or strong oxidizing agents. The present invention may prepare graphite oxide with plasma electrolytic process directly from graphite, without requiring any prior purification. This plasma electrolytic process of the present invention is quite promising and provided with advantages such as low cost, simple setup, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to methodologies and algorithms for providing anode rod depletion detection and warnings thereof to consumers. Consumers general are not concerned with monitoring consumption of protective anode rods incorporated within water heaters, The present subject matter provides automatic monitoring of anode rod depletion and provides the consumer with notification of rod depletion beyond a predetermined amount by one or more of optical, audible, or electronic devices. Aspects of the algorithm include handling of start-up conditions, service board replacement conditions, and properly defining the anode rod depletion threshold. Additional algorithm aspects include considerations for taking into consideration power outage conditions and accurately estimating galvanic current.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of wastewater. In some embodiments, the system may comprise one or more modules such as an electrochemical module, an electrocoagulation module, a flotation module, an evaporation module, and an ultrafiltration module. One or more detection modules may also be provided to analyze the concentration of one or more wastewater components in the wastewater. Data from such modules may be used to adjust one or more operational parameters or conditions in the treatment system. The system may also comprise one or more features designed to minimize adverse effects on the environment, such as avoiding adding chemicals to the stream, extracting salt or other chemicals for re-use, and/or use of carbon dioxide gas from on-site combustion processes.

Abstract: An electrode array for the cyclic reduction and oxidation of a redox species in an electrolyte, wherein both electrodes are disposed on an insulating substrate and connected to a counter electrode for the application of a voltage, comprising: 1) a control electrode for reacting the redox species for cyclic electron transport between the electrodes: and b) a collector electrode disposed opposite the control electrode, wherein a layer structure composed of a second insulator and a charge transfer mediator disposed thereon is additionally disposed on the side of the collector electrode located opposite the insulating substrate for reacting the redox species Two methods for operating the electrode array are disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments that allow for determination of hematocrit by a time differential between the input and output signals such that a glucose measurement for a blood sample can be corrected by the measured hematocrit of the blood sample.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter relates to the stabilization of 1,2-quinone mediators, especially those containing 1,10-phenanthroline quinone (PQ) and more especially transition metal complexes of PQ, in the presence of enzymes when contained in dry reagent layers for biosensor electrodes, through the use of various metal salts, particularly those of lithium.

Abstract: The invention discloses an erythropoietin receptor modified electrode, which is a glassy carbon electrode with erythropoietin receptor as recognition element fixed onto the electrode surface via ZnO sol-gel. The modified electrode can be prepared easily, and its performance is stable. After 50-day storage in the dark at 4° C., its response current remained approximately 77% of the original value. An electrochemical biosensor using this modified electrode as working electrode, a platinum electrode as counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode, and 2 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]-K4[Fe(CN)6] phosphate buffer as the test base solution, can detect erythropoietin (EPO) and/or recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in a fast, specific, and sensitive manner, with a linear range of 5 pg/L-500 ng/L and a limit of detection of 0.5 pg/L. In particular, according to peak potential differences, the biosensor allows accurate discrimination of EPO and rhEPO.

Abstract: A modular analyte measurement system having a removable strip port module. In one embodiment, the analyte measurement system includes: an analyte meter; a removable strip port module; and a connector linking the removable strip port module to the analyte meter. The analyte meter includes: a meter housing; a receptacle formed in the meter housing; a processing circuit disposed within the housing; and an input interface within the receptacle and electrically coupled to the processing circuit. The removable strip port module includes: a module housing sized to at least partially fit within the receptacle of the analyte meter; an analyte test strip port disposed within the module housing to receive an analyte test strip via an aperture formed in the module housing; and an output interface coupled to the analyte test strip port. The connector links the output interface with the input interface.

Abstract: A waterproof hermetically-sealed electronic product protection device includes a body and at least a covering element. The body has a receiving space and at least an opening in communication with the receiving space. The body has a positioning section at the periphery of the at least an opening. The at least a covering element has a protective portion and an engaging portion circumferentially disposed at the periphery of the protective portion. The engaging portion is engaged with the positioning section of the body, such that the at least a covering element covers the at least an opening, and the receiving space is airtight. Hence, not only is the engaging portion engaged with and fixed to the positioning section, but the receiving space is also waterproof and airtight to thereby provide electronic product protection and enable users to operate an electronic product with the protective portion directly.

Abstract: A protective cover for a portable electronic device includes a main body and a plurality of cushioning structures. The main body is configured to receive the portable electronic device. Each cushioning structure includes an elastic body protruding from the main body and a clearance defined between the main body and the elastic body. The elastic body is deformed toward the clearance when the elastic body is impacted.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a case for an electrical device. The case includes a support assembly configured to be removably coupled to the electrical device. The case also includes a first portion coupled to at least a portion of the support assembly. The case further includes a second portion coupled to the first portion at a first hinge. The case also includes a third portion hingedly coupled to the second portion. The case further includes a fourth portion hingedly coupled to the third portion. The fourth portion includes a hand support assembly at an inner surface of the fourth portion. The hand support assembly includes a perimeter frame, an inner frame, and a channel between the perimeter frame and the inner frame. Other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: A vapor hydrated packaged catheter assembly and method of manufacturing and distributing same includes a gas impermeable package housing a catheter within a catheter-receiving cavity. The catheter assembly has a hydrophilic coating applied to at least a portion of the outer surface of a catheter tube or shaft which may be surrounded by a sleeve to provide a no-touch, sure grip feature. The catheter assembly is disposed within the catheter receiving cavity of the package together with a limited amount of a vapor donating liquid provided as a source of vapor to activate the hydrophilic coating. The amount of vapor donating liquid is less than the amount that would otherwise be sufficient to cause a spill hazard. It may be loose liquid as a desired percentage of the volume of a tube-receiving portion of the catheter receiving cavity of the package, or it may be contained in a liquid sequestering element.

Abstract: A device for controlling a relative humidity level in an enclosed volume storage device includes a plurality of container segments each including two side walls with internal edges joined at an interior edge of the container segment, an outer wall extending between external edges of the two side walls, a base wall extending between bottom edges of each of the two side walls and the outer wall of the container segment, and a permeable top wall. The container segments are configured in a first instance to be compactly adjacently positioned so that each side wall of a container segment abuts another side wall of another container segment and the segments are radially arrayed around a central axis of the device. A binding element is applied to maintain the segments in this position. The binding element is removable to allow the segments to be individually distributed within the storage device.

Abstract: A pinkie closet assembly may enclose a suspended plunger, a suspended toilet bowl brush, and may incorporate a shelf on which cleaning supplies and related items can be stored. A suspension mechanism holds the handle of the plunger, thus suspending the bell in mid-air. Similarly, a suspension mechanism, hanging hook, or similar device can be used to suspend a toilet brush. A removable drip tray is provided under the suspended tool(s) to catch any water that drips therefrom. A disposable absorbent pad may be adapted to fit within the tray. A door is provided so that the closet can be closed, concealing the items therein; and the entire assembly then adds to the appearance of the bathroom rather than detracting from it. A top exterior surface of the pinkie closet provides a convenient shelf to hold items for display, reading materials, etc.

Abstract: A fillable closure is used to initiate emptying of a separately fillable capsule moulded into this closure. The capsule is made oxygen-impermeable on the inside or outside with a vapour-deposited layer of silicon dioxide or metal. The volume of the capsule can be reduced through pressurisation from the top, through deformation of its side walls, for cutting or rupturing a sealing foil. The capsule has an asymmetric push button with a pusher surface, a deformable front and side wall and a stable rear wall. The upper end of the rear wall forms a stationary edge, on which the pusher surface can be pivoted downward through deformation of the front and side wall. On the bottom of the pusher surface, a triangle-shaped blade is formed, which ends in a tip, and its triangle edge forming a cutting edge for piercing and cutting the sealing foil on the bottom of the capsule.

Abstract: A beverage holding device comprising a container and a removably engageable lid. The container includes a partition extending between opposing sides of the sidewall of the container to define a plurality of separated cavities. The partition includes an edge surface forming an interior seal against a lower surface of the lid upon an engagement of the lid with the container for maintaining the plurality of cavities fluidly separated. A plurality of apertures in offset elevated positions above an upper surface of the lid are provided, with each communicating with a respective one of the plurality of cavities. The elevated and offset apertures provide a respective relief area to accommodate a projecting nose of a user during an engagement of the user's mouth with a respective aperture while tipping the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for treatment of a body part such as the hair of a user which includes a treatment material such as coconut oil contained as a single portion within a closed and sealed flexible pouch formed of a flexible laminated plastic material which is foil free so that it can be heated in a microwave oven to warm the treatment material to a required temperature. The pouch includes printed instruction material comprising instructions to warm the material in a microwave oven, to knead the product when heated within the closed pouch and to re-heat in stages to the required temperature and to form an opening in the pouch and apply the warmed treatment material.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette case includes a box body, a box cover hinged to the box body and an opening and closing mechanism. The opening and closing mechanism includes a spring piece built in the box body and an arc-shaped bulge formed on the box cover. The arc-shaped bulge clamped between the spring piece and inner wall of the box body and slidingly contact with the spring piece. When the box cover rotates a first predetermined angle relative to the box body, the spring piece drives the bulge to slide relative to the spring piece until the box cover is fully open. When the box cover rotates a second predetermined angle relative to the box body, the spring piece drives the arc-shaped bulge to slide relative to the spring piece until the box cover is fully closed. Thus, it is convenient to open or close the electronic cigarette case which has a simplified structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of a loop clip used with a golf bag and methods to manufacture a golf bag are generally described herein. Other embodiments of the loop clip may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A sterile bag for containing non-sterile objects includes: a body; a sealed first end; a second end forming a cuff and an opening to an internal portion of the bag when in a first position; a visible demarcation located circumferentially along the cuff dividing the bag into two sides; a closure mechanism located along the cuff on the proximal side of the visible demarcation such that when the second end is in a second position there is no cuff and the closure mechanism can be used to seal the bag with the visible demarcation sealed within the bag. In use, a first user with scrubbed hands may touch the bag only on one side of the visible demarcation and a second user with non-scrubbed hands may touch the bag only on the other side of the visible demarcation.

Abstract: A cartridge shipping aid is provided to retain staples within staple pockets of a staple cartridge during shipment. The cartridge shipping aid includes a base and a longitudinal rib extending perpendicularly from an underside of the base and indiscernible into a knife slot formed in a staple cartridge. One or more perpendicular keys are formed along a lower edge of the longitudinally extending rib for engagement with an underside surface of the staple cartridge. The cartridge shipping aid may additionally include sidewalls projecting perpendicularly from outer edges of the base. Projections are formed on one end of the base for engagement with associate detents formed on the staple cartridge. Grasping structure is formed adjacent one end of the base and longitudinal rib.

Abstract: An electrode pad packaging system including an electrode pouch, an electrode pad (e.g., a defibrillation electrode pad) and a sacrificial source of moisture is disclosed. The electrode pad and the sacrificial source of moisture are each disposed at least partially within the electrode pouch.

Abstract: An adjustable stringer configured to string the ring handles of one or more surgical instruments, the stringer including two or more rod sections, wherein each rod section is configured to be inserted in one ring handle of the one or more surgical instruments, two or more angle sections, each angle section configured having one or more slidable connector sections, each slidable connector section configured to extend and retract along at least one of the two or more rod sections, and two or more releasable connectors, each releasable connector positioned between two of the two or more angle sections.

Abstract: A container for transporting an item is provided having an outer case member and a pair of partition members. The container is erectable from a collapsed configuration, in which the container is substantially flat, to an erected configuration in which the partition members form a support structure within an interior cavity of the outer case member to support a portion of the item to be transported. Methods of packaging and transporting an item in a container are also provided.

Abstract: A single use rigid package containing pharmaceutical compositions which protects tablets, capsules, soft shell pills against hard transporting conditions and undesired rupture. The package comprises at least four sections made from a single sheet foldable into a folded configuration. At least two sections are carrier sections pivotally connected to each other and each comprising cavities for housing pharmaceutical compositions. Two sections are end sections not comprising cavities, the end sections being foldable to adjacent and at least partly covering the carrier sections when the sheet is folded so as to protect the carrier sections. The package allows for personal transportation, e.g. in a pocket, and it is easy and convenient to open for people of all levels of ability and dexterity. Its design allows for transport as standard mail withstanding temperature fluctuation, vibrations and shocks, mechanical pressure and variation in atmospheric pressure which may occur during transport.

Abstract: The invention provides solutions to the problem connected with the difficulties encountered, when trying to open flexible packages, whether they are simple plastic bags with a regular opening mouth, or whether the bags comprise zipper closure strips. Similar solutions can be used with zipper closure strips by themselves, solutions are Also provided to facilitate in the opening of blister packages and the like. Furthermore, similar solutions are proposed for packages containing food items such as cheese slices and the like.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a package which allows a product to be displayed and retains structural integrity so that it can stand independently on a shelf or reside in a low sidewall display tray. In one embodiment, the package of the present invention can stand alone independently on an integrated cardboard base. In another embodiment, the package of the present invention can use the integrated cardboard base in conjunction with a low profile display tray.

Abstract: A protective cover having a front cover, a rear cover including a middle rear cover, an exterior rear cover, and a folding portion that connects the middle rear cover to the exterior rear cover, an articulable back that connects the rear cover to the front cover, a holding sheet that is attached to an inner surface of the exterior rear cover and is not attached to the middle rear cover, the holding sheet having bands located at corners of the holding sheet, the bands configured to be attached to corners of an electronic device for securing the electronic device to the protective cover, and an anti-slip pad attached to an inner surface of the front cover.

Abstract: A cup made of paper material having a fillable interior is provided. The cup is formed by a conical sleeve and a bottom. The bottom is attached to the sleeve at the lower end of the interior with a bottom skirt in an essentially liquid-tight way. The sleeve and/or the bottom in the area of the bottom skirt and/or the bottom skirt itself includes, at least in one area along the periphery, an outwardly projecting widening. A lower edge of the widening forms a standing surface for the cup. The widening can form a structure for holding another cup of the same type, which structure can act together with a similar cup during stacking. The cup can include a heat-insulting outer sleeve.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a. protective case having elastically deformable air chambers for impact reduction, which is made of an elastically deformable material and includes at least four lateral walls and at least four outer curved walls each connecting adjacent lateral wails, such that the outer curved wails and the lateral walls jointly form and enclose a receiving space. When a portable electronic device is received in the receiving space, the inner sides of the lateral walls lie against the four lateral sides of the periphery of the portable electronic device respectively. Meanwhile, the outer curved walls correspond in position to the four corners of the portable electronic device respectively, but the inner sides of the outer curved walls are not in contact with the portable electronic device, so as to form the air chambers between the outer curved walls and the portable electronic device respectively.