Abstract: In the mesh pattern of the conductive sheet of the invention in which openings having different shapes are arrayed in plan view, a standard deviation of an area of each of the openings is equal to or greater than 0.017 mm2 and equal to or less than 0.038 mm2, in a two-dimensional distribution of centroid positions of the openings; a standard deviation for a root mean square deviation of each of the centroid positions which are disposed along a predetermined direction, with respect to a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction is equal to or greater than 15.0 ?m; or a standard deviation over a radial direction of a value expressed by a common logarithm of a standard deviation along an angular direction in a power spectrum of the mesh pattern is equal to or greater than 0.965 and equal to or less than 1.065.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a transmitter configured to transmit content and a point of interest indicator to a second device. The content and the point of interest indicator are selected by a user of the first device using a single action. The point of interest indicator identifies a portion of the content to be highlighted by the second device.

Abstract: The present invention describes a transparent fingerprint imaging apparatus wherein said apparatus comprises, a plurality of column lines, a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of fingerprint capacitance sensing cells wherein a fingerprint capacitance sensing cell further comprises, a fingerprint capacitor comprising a transparent capacitance detecting electrode and a transparent capacitance-detecting dielectric layer, a transparent reference capacitor coupled with said fingerprint capacitor with one electrode connecting to the fingerprint capacitor, and an amplification transparent TFT (thin-film transistor) wherein the gate electrode of the amplification transparent TFT connects to the transparent capacitance detecting electrode, one terminal of said amplification transparent TFT connects to a data line and the other terminal connects to a scan line.

Abstract: An apparatus including a sensing arrangement including a plurality of distinct capacitive sensor electrodes distributed over a sensing area; conductive traces connected to the plurality of distinct capacitive sensor electrodes; a first shield electrode overlying at least the conductive traces; a second shield electrode underlying the conductive traces and the capacitive sensor electrodes; a display arrangement including a transparent cover; a polarizer, underlying the transparent cover; an intermediary layer, underlying the polarizer; an optical control layer, underlying the intermediary layer; wherein the sensing arrangement and the display arrangement are integrated, the first shield electrode being positioned beneath the transparent cover and above the polarizer; the capacitive sensor electrodes being positioned beneath the transparent cover and beneath the first shield electrode and above the optical control layer; and the second shield electrode being positioned beneath the transparent cover and beneath

Abstract: Systems and methods of controlling the touch sensitivity of a projected capacitive touch detection system are provided. The temperature that is at least representative of the touch sensitive region temperature is sensed. Based on the sensed temperature, the numbers of the capacitive touch sensors that have different strength electric fields applied thereto are varied and/or the relative magnitudes of the different electric fields are varied. When installed in a vehicle, the operational state of the vehicle may also impact this operation.

Abstract: A touch sensitive surface (401) for an electronic device (200) includes a capacitive touchpad (409). A grille (413) of non-conductive material (515) is disposed along at least a portion of the touch sensitive surface. A predefined threshold of a normal force component (804) applied by a user's finger or other conductive object overcomes the grille (413) to allow the finger or other conductive object to interact with the capacitive touchpad. The touch sensitive surface reduces false touch activation occurrences and can simulate the tactility of a mechanical switch.

Abstract: A dynamic power adjustment circuit for noise rejection in a capacitance touch system includes: a power source configured to generate a fixed power voltage V, a voltage adjustment circuit electrically connected to the power source, and a noise detection circuit electrically connected to the voltage adjustment circuit. The voltage adjustment circuit is configured to generate a plurality of different voltage signals VH(1), VH(2), . . . , VH(n) from the power voltage V, to select one of the voltage signals VH(1), VH(2), . . . , VH(n) as an adjusting voltage VH according to a noise selection signal VH_SEL, and to output the adjusting voltage VH to a level shift for adjusting a driving voltage. The noise detection circuit is configured to generate the noise selection signal VH_SEL for the voltage adjustment circuit according to a plurality of sensing signals RX generated by a capacitance touch sensing device of the capacitance touch system.

Abstract: A flat panel electronic device is presented. The flat panel electronic device comprises an actuating apparatus, a supporting apparatus and a control apparatus. The actuating apparatus is configured to generate a first actuating signal. The supporting apparatus has an extending position and an initial position, wherein the supporting apparatus is configured to support at least a portion of the flat panel electronic device to a predetermined height when the supporting apparatus is in the extending position. The control apparatus is configured to control the movement of the supporting apparatus in response to the first actuating signal. In addition, the supporting apparatus can also have an additional function for adjusting the angle of the display panel of the flat panel electronic device with respect to the user, so as to improve the comfort level for watching.

Abstract: A coordinate calculating method includes acquiring a plurality of first end capacitances and a plurality of second end capacitances corresponding to a plurality of sensing channels of a single-layer capacitive touch device. Differences between the plurality of first end capacitances and a plurality of first baselines are calculated for acquiring a plurality of first differences and calculating differences between the plurality of second end capacitances and a plurality of second baselines for acquiring a plurality of second differences The first difference and the second difference of each sensing channel are added for acquiring a plurality of total capacitances. Whether the single-layer capacitive touch device is pressed is determined according to the plurality of total capacitances and a threshold. A coordinate of at least one touch point is outputted when determining the single-layer capacitive touch device is pressed.

Abstract: An input device of the present invention is configured in the following manner: an input part includes electrode parts, which are contactable arranged with facing each other and one of which is to be an operation object, and a pressure-sensitive layer disposed between the electrode parts facing each other; a charge/discharge waveform forming part includes a charge/discharge circuit having a constant current source, a switching element, a capacitor and a resistor, and forms a charge/discharge waveform with a capacitance detection part and a resistance detection part connected; a charge/discharge waveform calculating part detects the change of a capacitance and of a pressure in the input part based on the charge/discharge waveform formed by the charge/discharge waveform forming part, and calculates an operation state, an operation position and an operation pressure.

Abstract: A noise immunity of a detected capacitance is prevented or inhibited from lowering on a driving electrode different in width from the other driving electrodes, provided in an input device. A touch panel serving as an input device has a plurality of driving electrodes extending in an X-axis direction and arranged in a Y-axis direction intersecting with the X-axis direction, and a driving electrode arranged outside one side of an arrangement of the driving electrodes and extending in the X-axis direction. Further, the touch panel TP1 has a plurality of detecting electrodes extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction. The width of the driving electrode is smaller than the widths of the driving electrodes and the detecting electrode includes an expanding portion for expanding the area of the detecting electrode on the side opposite to the plurality of driving electrodes via the driving electrode.

Abstract: A capacitive touch screen and an information processing method therefor are disclosed. The capacitive touch screen is provided with a conductor layer and an oscillator for generating an alternate current signal, and the method includes the following steps controlling an oscillation frequency of the oscillator to a first frequency; obtaining a first coupling capacitance value between an operational body and the conductor layer under the first frequency when the operational body carries out a first touch control operation to the capacitive touch screen; changing the first frequency so as to obtain a plurality of first coupling capacitance values; using the plurality of first coupling capacitance values to form a first oscillation frequency-capacitance curve; analyzing the first oscillation frequency-capacitance curve according to a predetermined rule to determine a type of the first touch control operation and/or information of source of the operational body.

Abstract: A touch panel layer has an electrostatic capacitance which changes according to a distance from an external object and outputs a signal of intensity which differs according to the change in the electrostatic capacitance. A coordinate acquiring section determines a contact state in which an external object touches the touch panel layer or a proximity state in which the external object is located within a predetermined distance from the touch panel layer, based on the intensity of the signal. A state determination section determines the contact state or the proximity state based on the result of state determination made by the coordinate acquiring section and the result of detection performed by a depression acquiring section. A touch coordinate processing section performs processing associated with a touch input operation. A hover coordinate processing section performs processing associated with a hover operation.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an electromagnetic inductive type touch pen and a pen touch panel for recognizing the touch pen. The touch pen includes a hollow housing having a certain length, a coil body installed in the housing and including a coil wound a plurality of times and having a certain length, a magnetic body installed to be separated from the coil body with a certain interval and inducing the coil body to generate a certain resonance frequency, and a button unit installed to expose a part thereof to the outside of the housing and to be flowable and inducing a variance in the resonance frequency of the coil body by controlling an electric length of the coil wound around the coil body according to an operation of a user.

Abstract: A capacitive fingerprint sensor that may be formed of an array of sensing elements. Each capacitive sensing element of the array may register a voltage that varies with the capacitance of a capacitive coupling. A finger may capacitively couple to the individual capacitive sensing elements of the sensor, such that the sensor may sense a capacitance between each capacitive sensing element and the flesh of the fingerprint. The capacitance signal may be detected by sensing the change in voltage on the capacitive sensing element as the relative voltage between the finger and the sensing chip is changed. Alternately, the capacitance signal may be detected by sensing the change in charge received by the capacitive sensing elements as the relative voltage between the finger and the sensing chip is changed.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including a proximity sensing device having an emitter and a detector. The electronic device further including a housing for containing the proximity sensing device which includes an optical interface forming a face of the housing through which radiation between the emitter and the detector pass. The optical interface may include an oleophobic coating which is selectively modified such that optical interference from an optical interface near-field object on the proximity sensing device is reduced without reducing a sensitivity of the proximity sensing device to a target near-field object.

Abstract: A position detection apparatus includes: a radiation section that radiates planar light along a target flat surface; a detection section that captures an image of an area irradiated with the light from the radiation section to detect the position of an object that reflects the light radiated from the radiation section; and an adjustment assistance section that transmits, when adjustment of installation of the radiation section is performed, a predetermined output based on a detection result obtained from the detection section when the detection section detects a reference object for the adjustment placed on the target flat surface.

Abstract: Touch screen apparatus, including a display unit including a touch surface, a number of light pulse emitting units for emitting light pulses over and across the touch surface, a number of light pulse receiving units for measuring amounts of light received from the light pulse emitting units, circuitry for selectively activating the light pulse emitting units and the light pulse receiving units, and a calculating unit to control the circuitry to provide a low-frequency idle mode and a high-frequency active mode, wherein only one of the light pulse emitting units and one of the light pulse receiving units are activated in the idle mode, and to determine that a light pulse in the idle mode is broken, based on the measured amounts of light received at the one receiving unit.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for performing functions in electronic devices using stylus gestures while the stylus is hovering over a stylus detection surface of an electronic device. In some cases, a stylus gesture may be accompanied with the user holding down one or more stylus control features. Each uniquely identifiable gesture or combination of gestures may be associated with a distinct device or stylus function. The device may detect whether the stylus is pointing to specific content on the device at the beginning of a gesture and the stylus hover over gesture may perform functions on selected content or on one or more UI control features or icons on the device. In other cases, functions can be performed without reference to specific content. The device may track stylus location, and the non-touch stylus gestures may be location sensitive. An animation can be displayed as non-touch stylus gestures are executed.

Abstract: A pen-type input device includes a body shaped like a pen; a penpoint movable portion inserted into a front end recess included in the body; and a transmission part which transmits a transcription detecting signal of a contact position when the penpoint movable portion is caused to touch a display face of an electronic information board, wherein the penpoint movable portion includes a penpoint member, which is made of an elastic member and includes a front end portion caused to touch the display face, and a penpoint holding portion, which has a rigidity higher than that of the penpoint member, fits around an outer periphery of a base end portion of the penpoint member, and holds the penpoint member so as to prevent deformation of the outer periphery of the base end portion of the penpoint member.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes: an illumination unit having a light source block including a plurality of light sources; a display unit which displays an image on the basis of an image signal; a plurality of measurement units which measure the brightness of light arriving from the light source block, at a plurality of measurement positions; a storage unit which stores brightness information relating to an initial brightness of light arriving from the light source block, at at least the plurality of measurement positions; a setting unit which adjusts alight emission amount of the light source block on the basis of the brightness information, and measurement results when the light source block is lit; and a correction unit which corrects the image signal on the basis of the brightness information, the measurement results, and the adjusted light emission amount of the light source block.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel, a scanning circuit and a method for generating angle waves are provided. A scanning circuit for generating angle waves includes a scanning module and a plurality of angle wave modules. The scanning module has a plurality of scan output ends for outputting scan driving signals respectively in order, wherein the scan driving signal includes a first voltage and a second voltage. The angle wave modules are electrically connected to the scan output ends respectively in order; wherein a second output end of each angle wave module is electrically connected a first output end of next one of the angle wave modules, whereby a part of electrical energy received by the second output end of the angle wave modules is transmitted to the first output end of the next one of the angle wave modules.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display one pixel is divided into two subpixels, the two subpixels are connected to two subdata lines extending from one data line, and a desired data voltage is applied by using a data driving switching element connected to the subdata line, thereby reducing the number of data lines needed to reduce the cost of the driver and preventing a lack of space to mount the data driver while dividing one pixel into two subpixels and differently applying voltages of the two subpixels.

Abstract: A display module which can be used as a part of a display assembly includes a box wherein a display matrix unit, a driver arrangement, a control unit, and a memory unit are located. The display matrix unit provides a front face of the box. The box has at least three edges, each of them including a mechanical lock part and a communication interface.

Abstract: Some embodiments describe techniques that relate to power efficient, high frequency displays with motion blur mitigation. In one embodiment, the refresh rate of a display device may be dynamically modified, e.g., to reduce power consumption and/or reduce motion blur. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, a display controller has non-essential portions powered off for a portion of vertical blanking interval (VBI) periods to conserve power. The portion takes into account overhead for housekeeping functions and memory latency for receiving a first packet of pixels for a frame to be decoded during a next active period. Gating circuitry may gate power to the non-essential portions starting at beginning of the VBI periods. A latency predictor may predict the portion of the VBI periods by predicting the memory latency for a next VBI period and subtracting the predicted memory latency from the VBI period. The memory latency for the next VBI period may be predicted by adding an average difference between successive actual memory latencies for a plurality of VBI periods to an actual memory latency for previous VBI period. A constant delay may also be subtracted from the VBI period.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an electrowetting display device having at least one picture element with a display area. The display area has an active area and a different, inactive area and a display controller controls a display effect of the picture element in a range between a dark state and a light state, with a three-phase line between a first fluid, a second fluid and a first support plate of the picture element being completely in the inactive area for a first applied voltage corresponding to the dark state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing interference and a mobile terminal using the method and apparatus. The method includes: selecting a display mode of a pixel, for a frequency falling into a receiving band range of radio communication, according to a corresponding relation between the pixel to be displayed and a strength value of interference induced in the frequency. The present invention may not only further reduce interference brought by the MIPI high-speed data transmission to radio communication receiver, but also have effect on those bands lower than 1 GHZ, lower the requirements on hardware and hence lower hardware cost, and occupy no design space.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for efficiently generating 3D information from a set of digital images. Techniques are also provided for displaying groups (or clusters) of digital images using 3D information associated with the digital images. In one technique, a group of digital images are displayed as a stack of thumbnail images where the thumbnail images are aligned on a display with respect to each other based on common features identified in the digital images, camera position, and/or camera pose. In another technique, a group of digital images are organized on a display in either a 3D layout or a 2D layout based on 3D information associated with each digital image in the group. In another technique, a transition effect is generated based on projections of two digital images onto a common scene plane and blending (or cross fading) one of the 3D projections with the other of the 3D projections.

Abstract: A view image providing device and method are provided. The view image providing device may include a panorama image generation unit to generate a panorama image using a cube map including a margin area by obtaining an omnidirectional image, a mesh information generation unit to generate 3-dimensional (3D) mesh information that uses the panorama image as a texture by obtaining 3D data, and a user data rendering unit to render the panorama image and the mesh information into user data according to a position and direction input by a user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mapping content directly to a 3D geometric playback surface. A source file is generated that includes content in a native format. A 3D geometric playback surface to which content can be mapped is generated. A portion of the 3D geometric playback surface to map content to is determined. The content is mapped to a determined portion of a 3D geometric playback surface in a native format of the content. Content mapped to a portion of a 3D geometric playback surface in a native format of the content is played from the 3D geometric playback surface.

Abstract: The invention described herein allows a user to create their own artwork using existing artwork authoring tools and then apply it to the surface of a 3D object. In one embodiment, the user places artwork on a 2D layout of the 3D object. In another embodiment, the user may adjust the size of the object by applying scaling factors to the 2D layout. An imaging application then scales all areas of the 2D layout according to their connectivity to other surfaces of the 3D object.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including a left perspective image input unit configured to input a left perspective image that is an image signal for a left eye to be applied to three-dimensional image display, a right perspective image input unit configured to input a right perspective image that is an image signal for a right eye to be applied to three-dimensional image display, a parallax estimation unit configured to generate parallax information from the left and right perspective images, a reliability computation unit configured to compute a reliability of the parallax information generated by the parallax estimation unit, and a virtual perspective image generation unit configured to generate a virtual perspective image including an image of a perspective other than perspectives of the input left and right perspective images by receiving inputs of the left perspective image, the right perspective image, the parallax information, and the reliability.

Abstract: A system for generating automatically tracking mattes that rapidly integrates live action and virtual composite images.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a model, the method including generating a first model representing a change in the location or the shape of the region of interest during the respiration cycle, using diagnostic images that are obtained at two points of time in the respiration cycle and that represent the region of interest; extracting shape information of one or more tissues included in the region of interest at a shape information extractor, using a 3D ultrasound image that is obtained at one point of time in the respiration cycle; determining a characteristic point of the 3D ultrasound image corresponding to a characteristic point of the first model by matching the first model with the extracted shape information; and generating a second model by updating the first model with the determined characteristic point.

Abstract: The invention relates to the calculation of 2D images from a 3D model, wherein the 2D images may be generated on a computer device and stored on a server for subsequent display on a client device.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device including an image acquisition unit that acquires a captured image of a real space from an image capture device, a setting unit that sets, in association with the real space, an augmented reality space that virtually augments the real space by discretizing, in units of voxels, a real object within the real space depicted in the captured image, and a control unit that controls an action of a virtual object placed within the augmented reality space.

Abstract: Methods and/or apparatus for iteratively reconstructing a 3-dimensional volume for an object captured with radiographic imaging that includes an electronic sensor, exemplary methods can be performed at least in part on a computer, can include receiving a 3-dimensional volume data set generated from imaging an object; identifying a set of intra system components corresponding to system components used to capture images of the object, where the intra system components include at least an x-ray source within system components configured to be placed before the object; representing x-ray emission characteristics of the x-ray source as a function of angle and energy; using the 3D emission characteristics to simulate the forward projection of x-ray photons to generate a primary image and/or a scattered image; and using the primary image and/or the scattered image to reconstruct an improved 3-dimensional volume data set.

Abstract: The present invention is an OCT imaging system user interface for efficiently providing relevant image displays to the user. These displays are used during image acquisition to align patients and verify acquisition image quality. During image analysis, these displays indicate positional relationships between displayed data images, automatically display suspicious analysis, automatically display diagnostic data, simultaneously display similar data from multiple visits, improve access to archived data, and provide other improvements for efficient data presentation of relevant information.

Abstract: A method carried out by a graphics processing apparatus samples a texture value of a first texture layer at an offset to a second texture layer of a surface and adjusts pixel color for a pixel of the second texture layer using the texture value such that an appearance of depth is created between the first texture layer and the second texture layer. The method may adjust the pixel color using the sampled texture value alpha component. Another method includes transforming a surface normal vector to eye space for a surface having at least first and second texture layers mapped thereto, determining an offset between the first texture layer and the second texture layer using the transformed surface normal vector, sampling a texture value of the first texture layer using the offset, and adjusting pixel color for a pixel of the second texture layer using the texture value.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus may include a storage unit to store a lookup table (LUT) including information on corresponding relations between an occlusion vector related to at least one point of a 3-dimensional (3D) object and a spherical harmonics (SH) coefficient; and a rendering unit to determine a first SH coefficient corresponding to a first occlusion vector related to a first point of the 3D object using the LUT and to determine a pixel value of the first point using the first SH coefficient.

Abstract: The invention related to a method and a device for displaying an object, in particular biological tissue. Said method having the following steps: a) generating a first image of at least one sub-region of the object using a first device; b) generating a second image of at least one sub-region of the object using a second device; c) ascertaining first coordinates of at least some image points of the second image in a first coordinate system; d) ascertaining second coordinates of the image points of the second image by projecting the first coordinates in a second coordinate system which is different from the first coordinate system and which is assigned to the first device; and e) generating a combined image of the object from the first and the second image using the ascertained second coordinates of the image points of the second image.

Abstract: A rendering processing device includes: a rendering processing section configured to generate a vertex calculation result of an object on a basis of a rendering command, perform a rendering process on a basis of the vertex calculation result of each object, and store a rendering result in a rendering buffer; and a rendering command interpolating section configured to generate an interpolated vertex calculation result of each object on a basis of set values of rendering commands and vertex calculation results of each object at two different times. The rendering processing section performs the rendering process on a basis of the interpolated vertex calculation result, and stores an interpolated rendering result in the rendering buffer.

Abstract: A biological information monitor includes: a displaying section on which a biological information display screen is displayed, the biological information display screen including a first display region on which a trend graph of first biological information is displayed and a second display region on which a histogram of second biological information is displayed; and a display controlling section which is configured to control contents displayed on the biological information display screen, and which is configured to cause the trend graph for a plurality of days and the histogram for the plurality of days to be simultaneously displayed in the first display region and the second display region, respectively.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is described. The computer-implemented method is used for populating data of a graphical user interface (GUI). The computer-implemented method includes generating one or more graphical elements of one or more activities captured by a monitoring device. The monitoring device is usable by a user during the capturing. The method further includes generating a timeline including a time period over which the activities are performed. The timeline includes a chronological order of time within the time period. The method further includes generating an activity symbol for one or more of the activities performed during the time period. The activity symbol has an image that is graphically overlaid on the graphical elements of the activities.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment a method, apparatus and computer program product are provided. The method comprises facilitating selection of at least one object from a plurality of objects in a multimedia content. The method also comprises accessing an object mobility content associated with the at least one object. The object mobility content is indicative of motion of the plurality of objects in the multimedia content. An animated image associated with the multimedia content is generated based on the selection of the at least one object and the object mobility content associated with the at least one object.

Abstract: Avatars are animated using predetermined avatar images that are selected based on facial features of a user extracted from video of the user. A user's facial features are tracked in a live video, facial feature parameters are determined from the tracked features, and avatar images are selected based on the facial feature parameters. The selected images are then displayed are sent to another device for display. Selecting and displaying different avatar images as a user's facial movements change animates the avatar. An avatar image can be selected from a series of avatar images representing a particular facial movement, such as blinking. An avatar image can also be generated from multiple avatar feature images selected from multiple avatar feature image series associated with different regions of a user's face (eyes, mouth, nose, eyebrows), which allows different regions of the avatar to be animated independently.

Abstract: Methods and systems related to interfaces for interacting with a digital assistant in a desktop environment are disclosed. In some embodiments, a digital assistant is invoked on a user device by a gesture following a predetermined motion pattern on a touch-sensitive surface of the user device. In some embodiments, a user device selectively invokes a dictation mode or a command mode to process a speech input depending on whether an input focus of the user device is within a text input area displayed on the user device. In some embodiments, a digital assistant performs various operations in response to one or more objects being dragged and dropped onto an iconic representation of the digital assistant displayed on a graphical user interface. In some embodiments, a digital assistant is invoked to cooperate with the user to complete a task that the user has already started on a user device.

Abstract: A system for controlling a rendering engine by using specialized commands. The commands are used to generate a production, such as a television show, at an end-user's computer that executes the rendering engine. In one embodiment, the commands are sent over a network, such as the Internet, to achieve broadcasts of video programs at very high compression and efficiency. Commands for setting and moving camera viewpoints, animating characters, and defining or controlling scenes and sounds are described. At a fine level of control math models and coordinate systems can be used make specifications. At a coarse level of control the command language approaches the text format traditionally used in television or movie scripts. Simple names for objects within a scene are used to identify items, directions and paths. Commands are further simplified by having the rendering engine use defaults when specifications are left out.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing multi-level multi-state shutter assemblies. The shutter assembly includes at least a first shutter at a first height over a substrate and a second shutter at a second height over the substrate. Both the first shutter and the second shutter can be operated in an open or closed state for passing or partially blocking light propagating through an aperture. In some implementations, the shutter assembly can operate in four states: a fully transmissive state, a fully obstructive state and two partially transmissive states based on the open or closed states of the first and second shutters.