Abstract: Actuation mechanisms for downhole assemblies in earth-boring applications may comprise a housing comprising an internal bore defining a flow path through the housing. An actuation member may be supported within the housing. A movable sleeve may be located within the internal bore and may be movable between a first position and a second position responsive to changes in flow rate of fluid flowing through the flow path. The movable sleeve may be biased toward the first position. The actuation member may be in an initial, pre-actuation position when the movable sleeve is initially located in the first position. The actuation member may be movable to a subsequent, pre-actuation position when the movable sleeve is located in the second position. The actuation member may be released from the actuation mechanism when the movable sleeve is returned to the first position.

Abstract: An auger stand is provided for a utility truck with a boom, motor and auger to install telephone poles. The stand securely holds the nine foot, 350 pound auger in an upright position to facilitate its detachment from and reattachment to a drive shaft of the motor. Without laying the auger down, the truck boom and motor are then used to install pole anchors or perform other tasks. The auger stand has a base with several radially extending legs that form a stabile platform that rests on the ground. A collar is secured near the top of the auger shaft. Several ratchet straps join the outer ends of the legs to the auger collar to form a stable pyramid structure that holds the auger upright. The legs folds up to facilitate transport and storage.

Abstract: Drilling assemblies, systems and methods enable a wellbore to be drilled and lined with a slotted liner. A drilling system includes a liner assembly with a drill string in a bore thereof. The drill string and the liner assembly can be selectively coupled together to restrict relative motion between the liner assembly and the drill string. The liner assembly includes a slotted liner portion through which fluid may flow. As the drilling system is used to drill a wellbore, the liner assembly is simultaneously positioned within the wellbore. Once the wellbore is drilled to a desired depth, the drill string can be disengaged from the liner assembly and retrieved from the well. Production fluids such as oil and gas may then be transferred uphole through the liner assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drilling tool for earth drilling with a drill rod element which can be connected to a rotary drive and can be driven in a rotating manner about a drilling axis, a frame-like housing and at least one removal tooth which is supported in a radially adjustable manner in the housing between a retracted position in the housing and an operating position, in which the at least one removal tooth projects radially from the housing. Furthermore, on the drill rod element in the housing a transmission mechanism is arranged, through which a stroke and/or rotational movement of the drill rod element can be translated into a radial movement for radial adjustment of the at least one removal tooth.

Abstract: A tubular component for a drill stem, for drilling a hole, the component including a first end section including a first threading, a second end section including a second threading, and a substantially tubular central section, a hole being provided in at least one of the first and second end sections, and a tensioner for a communications tube disposed in the hole, the tensioner operating by deformation of a regular section of the communications tube, the tensioner being disposed in a housing provided in at least the section, at a distance from the ends of the communications tube, the housing intersecting with the hole.

Abstract: An auxiliary working apparatus configured for use with a drilling apparatus including a platform which is supported above ground and a drill pipe which extends through a hole in the platform to be displaced into the ground for drilling a hole in the ground. The drill pipe is of a type having a central passage along which pressurized air is blown. The apparatus is mounted to an underside of the platform by means of an auxiliary support structure which includes a hub, a number of vanes mounted to the hub and a hydraulic motor for driving the hub. The vanes are in the form of flexible rubber flaps which are circumferentially spaced and extend radially outwardly from the hub. The vanes revolve around the drill pipe so as to displace chippings which are blown from the hole during a drilling operation, outwardly away from the drill pipe to form an annular mound around and spaced from the hole.

Abstract: Processes for pre-sharpening cutting structures comprising particles of superabrasive material such as diamond grit, dispersed in a metal matrix material such as cemented tungsten carbide. Matrix material may be removed from a surface of a cutting structure to a desired depth to expose superabrasive particles within the matrix material adjacent the surface, and to increase exposure of partially exposed superabrasive particles at the surface. Electrodischarge machining (EDM), laser machining, electrolytic etching and chemical etching may also be employed. Pre-sharpened cutting structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cutting elements for earth-boring tools may comprise a substrate, a polycrystalline table comprising superhard material secured to the substrate at an end of the substrate, and a non-planar interface defined between the polycrystalline table and the substrate. The non-planar interface may comprise a cross-shaped groove extending into one of the substrate and the polycrystalline table and L-shaped grooves extending into the other of the substrate and the polycrystalline table proximate corners of the cross-shaped groove. Transitions between surfaces defining the non-planar interface may be rounded. Methods of forming cutting elements for earth-boring tools may comprise forming a substrate to have a non-planar end. The non-planar end of the substrate may be provided adjacent particles of superhard material to impart an inverse shape to the particles. The particles may be sintered to form a polycrystalline table, with a non-planar interface defined between the substrate and the polycrystalline table.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a quantifying packaging balance for weighing according to the number of the goods, characterized in that the balance includes a storage funnel, unit particle weight obtaining unit and a quantifying packaging unit, wherein the unit particle weight obtaining unit comprises a sampling device (2), a feeding device (3), multiple line vibrator (4), a storage channel (7), a camera (5), a camera control device, a light source (6) and an input device, wherein the quantifying packaging unit is a one-head quantifying packaging balance or a multiple-head quantifying packaging balance, and comprises a dividing channel (9), a feeding device (10), quantifying funnels (8, 11) and a weight control device, wherein the unit particle weight obtaining unit and all the components of the quantifying packaging unit are coordinated by PLC.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an omni-directional terrain crossing mechanism, including a transformable mechanism with a plurality of claw wheels, in order to be capable of fast moving on the flat ground or in uneven terrain environments. The omni-directional terrain crossing mechanism includes a first body and a second body. Each of the first body and the second body includes at least one pair of claw wheels. Moreover, the omni-directional terrain crossing mechanism is capable of transforming one pair of first claw wheels of the first body and one pair of second claw wheels of the second body into a pair of complete wheels. Consequently, as compared with the existing mobile machines, the omni-directional terrain crossing mechanism in the present disclosure is capable of moving in various challenging terrain environments.

Abstract: An autonomous surface treating appliance comprising a chassis having a drive arrangement and a control system interfaced to the drive arrangement so as enable control of the appliance across a surface to be treated, wherein the drive arrangement comprises at least one traction unit, each traction unit comprising a surface-engaging track constrained around a leading wheel and a trailing wheel, the leading wheel and the trailing wheel being arranged so that a track portion opposing the floor surface and extending between the leading and trailing wheels defines a ramped climbing surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a working vehicle includes: a transmission case including a front transmission case and a rear transmission case, and a power transmission mechanism, arranged in the transmission case, configured to transmit rotating power from an engine to rear wheels or front wheels and transmit the rotating power to an implement mounted to a vehicle body, including: an input shaft; a first switching mechanism configured to switch a rotation corresponding to the rotating power to rotation in advancing direction or reversing direction; a main change speed mechanism; an auxiliary change speed mechanism; a second switching mechanism configured to switch whether to transmit the rotating power to the front wheels or not; and a PTO driving mechanism, wherein a clutch of the first switching mechanism, a clutch of the second switching mechanism and a clutch of the PTO driving mechanism are arranged in the front transmission case.

Abstract: A drivetrain for a hybrid vehicle has at least one ground engaging element, a torque transmission shaft operatively connected thereto, an electric motor, a transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft, and an internal combustion engine operatively connected to the input shaft of the transmission. The electric motor and the output shaft are operatively connected to the torque transmission shaft. The transmission has a neutral shift position, a first shift position, and at least one higher shift position including a highest shift position. The transmission is capable of shifting directly from the neutral shift position to the first shift position and directly from the neutral shift position to the highest shift position. A vehicle having the drivetrain is also disclosed. A method of starting an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a construction machine including a guard panel with an air suction port and capable of ensuring a required intake opening area with suppressed disadvantages of the air suction port. The construction machine includes an engine, a cooling fan, and a heat exchanger which are accommodated in a device accommodation space in an upper slewing body, and a guard panel covering the device accommodation space. The guard panel includes a first panel with an opening edge defining an opening and a second panel that opens and closes the opening and has a peripheral portion to be supported by the opening edge with the opening closed. Respective parts of the peripheral portion and the opening edge are shifted from each other in an inward-outward direction to form an air suction port bringing the device accommodation space into communication with outside, between the second panel and the first panel.

Abstract: A first panel includes an engaging section configured to engage with an engaged section so as to allow displacement of the engaged section according to swinging of a hood between a closed position and an open position and restrict the swinging of the hood in a state where an opening section is opened. The engaging section engages with the engaged section such that the engaged section is detachable by being displaced in a predetermined first direction. The machine main body further includes an auxiliary supporting section provided in a machine room and configured to restrict, by detachably supporting the engaged section detached from the engaging section, the swinging of the hood in a state where the opening section is opened.

Abstract: A truck includes a frame, an operator cab on the frame and a drive axle having a differential. The differential can be connected to a drive shaft. A fairing for directing air flow around the differential is attached to the frame forward of the drive axle and forward of the differential. The fairing can have a non-deflected position and a deflected position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a multi-purposed, self-propelled device and method for operation of the self-propelled device. Certain variations can include a spherical housing having an internal drive system and a multifunctional payload space for use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A snowmobile has a snowmobile body and an arm assembly pivotally coupled to the snowmobile body. The arm assembly is configured to pivot on an axis through the snowmobile body. A first hydraulic actuator has a first end coupled to the snowmobile body and a second end coupled to the arm assembly. A hydraulic system is coupled to the first hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump in fluid communication with the first hydraulic actuator. A hydraulic valve is coupled between the hydraulic pump and first hydraulic actuator. An axle is disposed through the first end of the first hydraulic actuator. The axle includes a hydraulic pathway through the axle coupled between the hydraulic system and first hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic system is configured to operate the first hydraulic actuator. A second hydraulic actuator is coupled to the first hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A two-rear-wheel electric vehicle configured to lean its vehicle body frame when turning includes a vehicle body frame, a pair of right and left rear arms, a battery, and a shock absorber. The vehicle body frame includes a head pipe, a front inclined portion, a bottom portion, and a rear inclined portion. The front inclined portion extends obliquely downward and rearward from the head pipe. The bottom portion includes a front support portion that supports a front end portion of the shock absorber. The bottom portion extends rearward in a front-back direction of the vehicle from a rear end portion of the front inclined portion. The rear inclined portion includes a battery support portion, and extends obliquely upward and rearward from a rear end portion of the bottom portion. A swing shaft is positioned rearward of the front support portion and below the battery support portion.

Abstract: In an electric car, a power control unit includes: a heat sink that has an electric device fixed thereto and performs a heat exchange with the electric device; and a case that is attached to a surface of the heat sink to which the electric device is fixed and that covers the electric device. A reserve tank that stores a circulation liquid is attached to a front end surface of the heat sink via a bracket, a bulkhead frame that retains a radiator is provided in a vehicle width direction ahead of the reserve tank, the reserve tank is arranged at a position that overlaps the bulkhead frame in a front view, and a front surface of the power control unit has a protruding portion that protrudes forward, at a position that overlaps the reserve tank and the bulkhead frame in a front view.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a pair of front wheels; a pair of rear wheels; a front-wheel motor configured to drive the front wheels; a rear-wheel motor configured to drive the rear wheels; and a reducer configured to reduce a rotation speed of one of the front-wheel motor and the rear-wheel motor, and transmit drive power to the wheels driven by one of the motors. The one of the front-wheel motor and the rear-wheel motor is a motor with a rotation speed higher and torque lower than those of the other one of the motors.

Abstract: A wheel loader comprises an engine, an exhaust gas post-processing device, an engine room, a top plate, a cooling room, a partition wall, and a drainage mechanism. The exhaust gas post-processing device is disposed above the engine in the engine room and includes a diesel particulate filtering device and a selective catalyst reduction catalyst device. The top plate has a sloping part with a height that decreases toward the rear, and a first ventilation part that includes a plurality of through-holes formed in the sloping part. The top plate defines an upper plane of the engine room. The cooling room accommodates a cooling unit and is disposed to the rear of the engine room, separated by the partition wall. The drainage mechanism is disposed below the first ventilation part, and configured to drain water entering the engine room from the first ventilation part to the outside of the engine room.

Abstract: An end determination unit determines that a steering apparatus is in an end touching state when an angle deviation, which is a difference between an actual turning angle and a target turning angle, exceeds a threshold. This angle deviation exceeds the threshold before a large axial force is generated in a steering shaft. Accordingly, is it possible to determine that the steering apparatus is in the end touching state more quickly.

Abstract: A zero point change model executes banked road correspondence control when a vehicle travels on a banked road. By this control, a target turning angle when the total torque is zero can be changed from a neutral turning angle to a lower side of an inclined road surface. Thus, a steering angle of a steering wheel according to a banked road can be realized even if the driver does not apply steering torque during traveling on a banked road. Accordingly, the driver can obtain a suitable steering feeling when traveling on a banked road while achieving the target turning angle according to the total torque.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus includes a controller that controls, based on an assist command value, driving of a motor used to apply assist torque to a steering mechanism. The controller calculates a first assist component based on a steering torque transmitted to the steering mechanism and calculates a steered angle command value based on the steering torque. The controller executes feedback control to cause a steered angle of steerable wheels to agree with the steered angle command value, thereby calculating a second assist component. The controller calculates the assist command value based on a value obtained by adding the assist components. The controller estimates a grip factor of the wheels on a road surface on which the wheels are traveling based on the steering torque, a first assist torque determined based on the first assist component, and a second assist torque determined based on the second assist component.

Abstract: There is a method for determining a shape and structure of a piston for a vibratory seismic source element. The method includes generating a cost function J that is function of plural variables; applying plural constraints to the cost function J; calculating a piston shape and piston design that fulfills the plural constraints; and modifying the calculated piston shape and piston design based on practical implementations of the vibratory source element.

Abstract: An air gun for use in generating seismic energy impulses operable at pressures below 1000 psi that reduces high frequencies and cavitation around the discharge of the air gun in order to mitigate damage to the marine environment, the air gun providing a sliding seal at the firing piston, an extension of port widths beyond the diameter of the firing piston and capability to control the speed of the shuttle assembly to reduce and eliminate some of the possible causes of the objectionable high frequencies and cavitation.

Abstract: Method, source array and source element that generate seismic waves. The source element includes an enclosure having an opening covered by a piston; a local supply accumulator fluidly communicating with an interior of the enclosure, a pressure of the fluid inside the local supply accumulator being larger than a pressure of the fluid inside the enclosure; a local supply valve located between the local supply accumulator and the enclosure and configured to control a flow of the fluid from the local supply accumulator to the interior of the enclosure; and a controller configured to control the local supply valve such that the pressure inside the enclosure does not fall below a first preset value based upon an ambient pressure of the enclosure while seismic waves are generated.

Abstract: When volume-changeable elements are used in earpiece apparatus, a valve apparatus for expanding and contracting purposes is provided. A valve apparatus is provided with a discharge opening for the outlet of air from the volume-changeable element. The discharge opening can be closed directly by the volume-changeable element itself.

Abstract: A sound insulating material is obtained by foaming a rubber composition containing an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber. The content ratio of a sulfur atom calculated by a fluorescent X-ray measurement, based on mass, is 1000 ppm or less. The sound insulating material has a 50% compressive load value of 0.1 N/cm2 or more and 10 N/cm2 or less. The sound insulating material has an air permeability of 10 cm3/min/cm2 or less.

Abstract: A kit for converting a climbing tree stand into a cart includes a bracket having a first side and a second side. The first side is shaped to attach to a top part of a climbing tree stand. The second side is shaped to attach to a bottom part of the climbing tree stand. At least one wheel with an axle is positioned on the bracket. The bracket converts the climbing tree stand into a cart by attaching the top part of the climbing tree stand to the first side and attaching the bottom part of the climbing tree stand to the second side.

Abstract: A ladder cover constructed from a thick cloth material, such as cotton, aligned in a generally straight orientation with no bends or turns. The cover is made up of three general regions: a body portion which is large enough to encompass most or all ladder legs; a base section for elastically securing the cover to a ladder leg; and a gripping section generally comprised of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating applied to the capped end of the body portion of the cover. The cover is applied to the ends of a ladder to protect walls and floor surfaces while increasing the grip of the ladder legs against those surfaces. The cover is easily washable, storable, and reusable.

Abstract: A folding step stool includes a front rail assembly. The step stool includes a rear rail assembly, pivotally connected to the front rail assembly, having a crossbar. The step stool includes a step pivotally attached to the front rail assembly having notches which fit over the crossbar when the stool is in an open position. The step stool includes a linkage assembly pivotally and fixedly attached to the step and pivotally and fixedly attached to the crossbar. The linkage assembly compresses to allow the notches to fit over the crossbar and the linkage assembly exerting a force to maintain the crossbar in the notches when the stool is in the open position. A method for securing a step stool includes the steps of moving the notches of a step against a crossbar of a rear rail assembly pivotally connected to a front rail assembly of the step stool.

Abstract: A two piece climber includes an upper calf bracket portion and a lower “J” shaped stirrup bracket portion permanently or removably interchangeably connected together. The lower “J” shaped stirrup bracket portion includes an upper slotted portion for receiving the lower portion of the upper calf bracket portion. The lower “J” shaped stirrup bracket portion also includes a bottom grooved or knurled grip portion to provide traction for an arborist walking across branches.

Abstract: A battery type forklift which is driven with power of a battery mounted on a vehicle body, includes: a fork arranged at a front part of the vehicle body; and a counter weight arranged at a rear part of the vehicle body, wherein the battery is mounted on the vehicle body in a state of being capable of being removed to a rear side of the vehicle body, and the counter weight comprises a guide unit which prevents sway of the battery in a right-left direction of the vehicle body when removing the battery and which guides movement of the battery along a front-rear direction of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A pneumatic vacuum valve is situated atop a cylinder or convenient working space utilized in conjunction with a pneumatic elevator. The vacuum valve has a coupling unit holding a diaphragm device for actuation of the diaphragm against a flow control opening. An Allen screw uses a simple regulation device to control the flow of air into a working chamber for expansion and contraction of the diaphragm device.

Abstract: A regenerative electric power storage control system for elevators, including: a converter that converts AC electric power to DC electric power; an inverter that converts the DC electric power to the AC electric power, and drives an electric motor that ascends and descends a car; an electric power storage apparatus provided, via an electric power charge and discharge unit, across DC buses located between the converter and the inverter; an electric power charge and discharge control unit to which DC electric power is supplied from an electric power charge and discharge control power supply and that controls the charge and discharge unit. The charge and discharge control unit calculates on a time zone basis electrical energy stored in and electrical energy discharged from the energy storage apparatus during a predetermined period, and based on the calculation result, determines a discharge operation for each time zone posterior to the predetermined period.

Abstract: A method of making a guide rail for an elevator system method comprising the steps of: providing a guide rail; applying a protective layer to the guide rail for corrosion protection; and removing at least a portion of the protective layer. A sheet metal guide rail for an elevator system comprises a base portion; and a blade portion extending from the base portion. The blade portion includes: a first section for engaging a guiding device and/or a safety of the elevator system; and a second section for engaging a guiding device and/or a safety of the elevator system. The second section contacts the first section. The sheet metal guide rail could be made using the aforementioned method.

Abstract: A simple operating caster is provided, which is braked by simple operation of brake pedal, and by which shaft and wheel are braked at once, as the equipped push-type brake pedal (12) to solid axle (13) can be installed always to the outside of bogie (11) exposed so that composed for the operation of user anytime, and brake and brake release of pivot (14) and wheel (15) is performed by the brake pedal (12) at once. The brake method is operated by brake pedal (12) and composed of the pivot brake part, and the wheel brake part, which brakes and releases brake of wheel (15), and pivot brake part and wheel brake part above is operated by push-type brake pedal (12) at once, and by which brake and brake release of pivot (14) and wheel (15) is performed at once, and as the pivot brake part and the wheel brake part is composed of each spring to be elastic-supported and buffered.

Abstract: A brake for a rod includes a spool-shaped lock having conical opposed open ends communicating with a cylindrical opening. Positioned within the cylindrical opening is an inwardly projecting shoe for engaging the outer cylindrical surface of a rod to be controlled. A pair of conical members are positioned in association with the mating conical ends of the spool and are housed in a cage for holding the components in an assembled position when a rod to be controlled is inserted through the conical members and the spool-shaped locking member. The conical members are biased to a locking position and a control rod is coupled to the spool and actuated by a safety release mechanism to allow the rod to move. In a preferred embodiment, a gas spring with the present locking mechanism is coupled between two telescopic tubes defining one or more adjustable legs for a table or chair.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention provides a safety lock device, for use with a pump-jack having a gear box and at least one rotating member, the safety lock device comprising an engagement member suitable for securely engaging the rotating member to prevent further substantial rotation of said rotating member and a mounting frame to mount the safety lock device to the gear box. The engagement member may be actuated between a locked position and an unlocked position.

Abstract: A first component, which is connected to a transmitting component that transmits a brake operation by a driver, is arranged to travel, in response to the brake operation, in a direction in which the transmitting component travels. A second component has a pressure portion to press a brake piston, which actuates friction components of a brake mechanism, in a direction different from the direction in which the transmitting component travels. The first component has an inclined surface. The second component has a contact portion, which comes into contact with the inclined surface, and is arranged such that the pressure portion turns about a fulcrum upon the traveling of the first component.

Abstract: An adjustment device is provided for adjusting the wear of brake pads and a brake disk of a disc brake, in particular of a pneumatically actuated disc brake. The disc brake includes a brake application device actuated by a rotary lever, which brake application device has an adjusting spindle into which the adjustment device is insertable. The adjustment device is attached to a brake caliper of the disc brake by way of a bearing disk. The adjustment device is provided with a spindle and at least one friction pairing, each friction pairing having two contact surfaces. The friction pairing has a curved cross-section of at least one of its two contact surfaces.

Abstract: A disc brake having one or multiple axially movable rotor discs with annular friction surfaces disposed axially between an annular piston in an annular pressure cavity formed in a housing and annular reaction plate attached to the piston. Friction pads are provided on the reaction plate and also on an axially movable annular reaction disc disposed between the rotor discs. A positioning plate is disposed between the piston and rotor discs and has axially movable poppets thereon, each with a friction pad for contacting the adjacent rotor disc. Individual springs on each poppet bias the poppet pads, rotor discs and friction pads axially together to provide a desired initial braking torque. Upon fluid pressure applied in the piston cavity, the housing moves the positioning plate to move the poppets to release braking torque.

Abstract: A brake disc for a railway vehicle, including a ring-shaped plate portion with a front side serving as a frictional surface and a plurality of fins being projected and disposed radially on the back side of the plate portion, the plate portion being fixed to a wheel, wherein a rib is provided between fins adjacent to each other, and a slit developing in the direction from a wheel-side face of the rib toward the back side of the plate portion is disposed in a circumferentially intermediate portion of the rib, thereby making it possible to suppress the deformation caused by frictional heat.

Abstract: A cooling device for a braking system, includes a blower having a case and a fan, the case having an air outlet opened at one end thereof and an air inlet opened at another end thereof, the case having a receiving room, the receiving room communicating with the air outlet and the air inlet, the fan rotatably assembled in the receiving room, the blower further having a power supplier electrically connected to the fan, the power supplier being used to power the fan, one end of a frame connected to a hydraulic braking system, another end of the frame connected to the case. Under this arrangement, the blower directly blows the hydraulic braking system so as to efficiently cool the hydraulic braking system.

Abstract: A cooling device for a rim and a braking system includes a blower set having a frame and two blowers, the frame assembled onto a fork of a bicycle, the two blowers both assembled onto the frame at one side of a rim member, each blower having an air inlet, a receiving room, a fan, an air outlet and a switch unit, the fan rotatably assembled in the receiving room, the receiving room communicating with the air inlet and the air outlet, the switch unit electrically connected to the fan, the air outlet of one blower corresponding to a braking member of the bicycle, the air outlet of another blower corresponding to the rim member.

Abstract: An electromagnetic suspension apparatus includes a stator disposed on a vehicle body side and including a core and coils, a movable element disposed on a wheel side and including an outer rube and permanent magnets, and a cylinder apparatus located inside the stator and the movable element and disposed between the vehicle body side and the wheel side. A rod of the cylinder apparatus and the outer tube are nonrigidly coupled to each other via a coupling member formed as an elastically deformable elastic body. When a lateral force is applied, the coupling member is elastically deformed, by which the outer tube moves or swings relative to the rod so that the coils and the permanent magnets can be prevented from contacting each other.

Abstract: An electromechanical actuator (10), comprising a movable member (14) provided with connecting means (20) and translationally movable with respect to a frame (12), and an energy absorbing-dissipating structure (28, 30) located on a strain path between said connecting means (20) and said frame (12) and comprising a porous capillary matrix (40) having an apparent porosity and an associated liquid (42) having a wetting angle higher than 90 degrees relative to said matrix (40) and selected such that part of said liquid (42) penetrates the pores of said matrix (40), when said chamber is subjected to a pressure equal to or higher than a first pressure level P1, and is spontaneously rejected off the pores of said matrix (40) by capillary action, when said structure is subjected to a pressure lower than a second pressure level P2 itself lower than said first pressure level P1.

Abstract: A damper unit includes first and second chambers, a first piston dividing the first chamber into first and second volumes, and a second piston dividing the second chamber into third and fourth volumes. Each piston is moveable along the respective chamber. The second chamber has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first chamber so that the second chamber at least partially slides inside the first chamber and at least part of the first chamber can be located around the outside of the second chamber. The first piston is attached to the part of the second chamber that slides inside the first chamber. The position of the second piston is fixed relative to the first chamber as the second chamber slides relative to first chamber. The length of the damper unit changes as the second chamber slides relative to the first chamber.