Abstract: A first flow switching device causes part of a refrigerant discharged from an injection compressor to flow through a first bypass pipe and be supplied to an outdoor heat exchanger targeting for defrosting. A second flow switching device causes part of the refrigerant supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger targeting for defrosting to enter a second bypass pipe.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning apparatus can ensure that the temperature of the air supplied to the vehicle interior is a preset temperature by securing the quantity of heat release for the radiator during a cooling and dehumidifying operation. The valve opening of the condensing pressure regulating part of the first control valve is smaller when the calculated opening SW of the air mix damper is equal to or more than the predetermined value than when the opening SW is smaller than the predetermined value. Accordingly, when the quantity of heat release is not sufficient in the radiator, it is possible to increase the condensing pressure of the refrigerant in the radiator to raise the temperature of the refrigerant in the radiator. Consequently, it is possible to secure the amount of heating, and therefore to ensure that the temperature of the air supplies to the vehicle interior is a preset temperature.

Abstract: A co-fired generator for use in a continuous-cycle absorption heating and cooling system may provide heat to the interior of an annulus chamber from a first heat exchanger, such as a firetube heat exchanger, supplemented by heat to the exterior of the annulus chamber from a second heat exchanger containing fluid heated by an external source. Some embodiments may circulate fluid heated in a solar-heated collector through the second heat exchanger. Other embodiments may route exhaust gas from a combustion engine through the second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be provided with a plurality of fins to increase the surface area available for thermal transfer between the heated fluid and the annulus chamber.

Abstract: A desiccant air conditioning system for treating an air stream entering a building space, including a conditioner configured to expose the air stream to a liquid desiccant such that the liquid desiccant dehumidifies the air stream in the warm weather operation mode and humidifies the air stream in the cold weather operation mode. The conditioner includes multiple plate structures arranged in a vertical orientation and spaced apart to permit the air stream to flow between the plate structures. Each plate structure includes a passage through which a heat transfer fluid can flow. Each plate structure also has at least one surface across which the liquid desiccant can flow. The system includes a regenerator connected to the conditioner for causing the liquid desiccant to desorb water in the warm weather operation mode and to absorb water in the cold weather operation mode from a return air stream.

Abstract: Heat pumps that heat or cool a space and that also heat water, refrigerant management systems for such heat pumps, and methods of managing refrigerant charge. Various embodiments remove idle refrigerant from a heat exchanger that is not needed for transferring heat by opening a refrigerant recovery valve and delivering the idle refrigerant from the heat exchanger to an inlet port on the compressor. The heat exchanger can be isolated by closing an electronic expansion valve, actuating a refrigerant management valve, or both. Refrigerant charge can be controlled by controlling how much refrigerant is drawn from the heat exchanger, by letting some refrigerant back into the heat exchanger, or both. Heat pumps can be operated in different modes of operation, and various components can be interconnected with refrigerant conduit. Some embodiments deliver refrigerant gas to the heat exchanger and drive liquid refrigerant out prior to isolating the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body having a storage room formed therein, a door that opens and closes the storage room, a filter module, and a cool air circulation fan that circulates cool air through the filter module. The filter module includes a metal photocatalyst filter and a UV LED module for radiating UV rays to the metal photocatalyst filter. The metal photocatalyst filter has photocatalysts made of one of ZnTiO2, CuTiO2, AgTiO2 or FeTiO2 coated on a filter base. The filter module may allow the entire storage room to be uniformly subject to antibiosis and sterilization at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: An air temperature and humidity control device is provided including a first heat pump having a compressor, an expansion valve, a condenser, and an evaporator. The first heat pump has a refrigerant circulating there through. A humidity controller includes a first contactor fluidly coupled to the evaporator and condenser. The first contact includes at least one contact module having a porous sidewall that defines an internal space through which a hygroscopic material flows. A first air flow is in communication with the porous sidewall of the first contactor. The device also has a second heat pump including a first polishing coil. The first polishing coil is substantially aligned with and arranged generally downstream from the first contactor relative to the first air flow.

Abstract: Various systems, methods and apparatuses for a rotary valve are disclosed. A rotary valve apparatus may have a case, a fluid conducting apparatus inside the case, and an electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic actuator may align the fluid conducting apparatus with various ports in the case. In this manner, fluid may be conducted through the ports. The electromagnetic actuator may rotate the fluid conducting apparatus to align with different ports in the case. Thus, the apparatus may operate as a valve, connecting and disconnecting various ports in response to the electromagnetic actuator.

Abstract: A machine for making extruded ice obtained by passing a mass of ice in granules through an extrusion die (20) arranged at the end of a main cooled drum (4). The latter at one end has a flange (10) upon which a ring (14) clamping the die is fastened. Thus, screws for fastening the die to the main drum are not required, so that operations for the machine maintenance and for replacing the die are considerably facilitated.

Abstract: A mixer has an internal bore with an inlet to a chamber, and an outlet at an opposed end/A duct is connected to receive a recirculated air flow. The duct communicates air into the chamber through recirculating air ports such that the recirculating air can mix with the air from the inlet. The mixer housing has a cockpit outlet for delivering air to a second outlet, with the cockpit output being located axially upstream from the recirculating air ports. An isolator is mounted at an outer periphery of the mixer housing, and has flat sides on each of two circumferentially spaced sides. A belly band is bolted to an outer periphery of the mixer housing and to flat sides of the isolator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to air conditioners, and more particularly, to an air conditioner which can reduce a rotation direction velocity component of air being discharged from a fan and can enhance fan efficiency and installed space utilization.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a heat exchange portion in which at least tubes of refrigerant tubes or coolant tubes are stacked and at least one of refrigerant or coolant exchanges heat with air. An air passage is formed in a space formed between tubes of the refrigerant tubes and the coolant tubes which are adjacent to each other. An upstream heat exchange portion located on an upstream side in a flow direction of air and a downstream heat exchange portion located downstream of the upstream heat exchange portion in the flow direction of air are provided as the heat exchange portion. A ratio of the number of the refrigerant tubes to the total number of tubes of the upstream heat exchange portion is different from a ratio of the number of the refrigerant tubes to the total number of tubes of the downstream heat exchange portion.

Abstract: A drive control device performs a mode change with a constant current between a first mode in which an opening degree of a refrigerant passage is changed in a first flow region where a flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage is lower than or equal to a predetermined value and a second mode in which the opening degree of the refrigerant passage is changed in a second flow region where the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage is higher than the predetermined value. The drive control device increases a value of the constant current at the mode change to be larger than a value of a constant current when the opening degree of the refrigerant passage is changed in the first mode.

Abstract: Methods and system are provided for regasifying liquefied natural gas (LNG). An exemplary method disclosed includes flowing at least a portion of an LNG stream through an air separation unit (ASU) to form at least a portion of a natural gas (NG) stream. Heat is removed from an airflow in the ASU to separate an oxygen stream from the airflow. The oxygen stream and a fuel stream are combusted in a power plant.

Abstract: A method of natural gas liquefaction includes at least two nitrogen refrigerant streams. Each stream undergoes a cycle of compression, cooling, expansion and heating, during which each of the nitrogen streams is expanded to a different pressure other than for the others of the at least two nitrogen streams, and, the heating occurs in one or more heat exchangers. The expanded nitrogen streams are in a heat exchanging relationship with a stream of the natural gas and with the one or more compressed nitrogen streams in at least one of the one or more heat exchangers. At least one expanded nitrogen stream is compressed as a side stream in a stage of a main nitrogen compressor so as to combine the compressed side stream with another compressed nitrogen stream after passing the nitrogen compressor stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing oxygen from liquid argon using a TSA (temperature swing adsorption) cyclical process that includes cooling an adsorbent bed to sustain argon in a liquid phase; supplying the adsorbent bed with a liquid argon feed that is contaminated with oxygen and purifying the liquid argon thereby producing an argon product with less oxygen contaminant than is in the initial liquid argon feed; draining the purified residual liquid argon product and sending purified argon out of the adsorbent bed. Regeneration of specially prepared adsorbent allows the adsorbent bed to warm up to temperatures that preclude the use of requiring either vacuum or evacuation of adsorbent from the bed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a purified liquid argon product in which liquid argon having oxygen impurities is produced in a cryogenic air separation plant by separating argon from oxygen within an argon column. An impure liquid argon stream, composed of part of the liquid argon, is purified in an adsorbent bed by adsorbing the oxygen impurities in an adsorbent to produce a purified liquid argon stream that constitutes the purified liquid argon product. During adsorption, the adsorbent bed is maintained at a reduced temperature with a coolant to prevent vaporization of the liquid argon. The bed is then regenerated by draining residual liquid argon from the adsorbent bed, introducing the residual liquid argon back into the air separation plant and then desorbing the oxygen impurities with a regeneration gas. After regeneration, the adsorbent bed is refilled with purified liquid argon prior to being brought back on-line.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end each with a plurality of magnets. The first and second ends are coupled by overlapping of at least a portion of the first end magnets to at least a portion of the second end magnets. The wearable device structure includes an undercut structure for receiving at least a portion of the magnets. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a wearable device structure having first and second ends. A support member is positioned at least partially positioned in the wearable device structure. Electronic circuitry is at a surface or an interior of the wearable device. The electronic circuitry provides at least identification of the wearable device. One or more batteries are coupled to the electronic circuitry.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device structure includes a first end and a second end. A plurality of magnets is positioned at the first and second ends that provide for coupling the first end to the second end of the wearable device. At least a portion of adjacent magnets have opposite polarity. ID circuitry is at a surface or an interior of the wearable device structure.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end. A plurality of magnets is positioned at the first and second ends that provide for coupling of the first end to the second end of the wearable device. At least a portion of the magnets are distanced from a first or second exterior surface of the wearable device structure in a range of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end, each with a plurality of magnets. The first and second ends are coupled by overlapping at least a portion of the first end magnets to at least a portion of the second end magnets. The magnets can be exposed to a temperature range of 200° F. to 400° F. during, processing, cleaning and/or manufacturing of the wearable device. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end. A plurality of magnets is positioned at the first and second ends that provide for coupling of the first end to the second end of the wearable device. At least a portion of the magnets are magnetized through their widths or thickness, e.g., depth. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure with first end and second ends. A plurality of magnets is positioned at the first and second ends that provide for coupling of the first end to the second end of the wearable device structure. At least a portion of the magnets are sealed in the wearable device structure. ID circuitry is at a surface or an interior of the wearable device structure.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end, each with a plurality of magnets. The first and second ends are coupled by overlapping at least a portion of the first end magnets to at least a portion of the second end magnets. The magnets operate and the magnets operate at a selectable strength of from N30 to N52. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A wearable device is provided with a wearable device structure. The wearable device has a first end and a second end, each with a plurality of magnets. The first and second ends are coupled by overlapping at least a portion of the first end magnets to at least a portion of the second end magnets. A distance between the overlapped magnets on the first end to magnets of the second end is 0.1 to 10 mm. ID circuitry is provided at a surface or an interior of the wearable device.

Abstract: A system of fasteners and connectors that can be used as part of fashion items such as jewelry, leather goods and garments is provided. One or more fasteners can be used interchangeably with a range of connectors to accommodate various kinds of decorative and functional applications.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for refining molten glass by introducing, a stream of unrefined molten glass into a controlled environment distributing the stream of molten glass over a flow surface, and collecting the stream of molten glass from a downstream end of the flow surface to form a body of molten glass having a free surface exposed to the controlled environment. The controlled environment, may have a pressure less than ambient atmospheric pressure, such that introducing the stream of molten glass into the controlled environment causes gaseous inclusions in the stream of molten glass to rise to a surface thereof and escape.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method of making chalcogenide glasses including holding the melt in a vertical furnace to promote homogenization and mixing; slow cooling the melt at less than 10° C. per minute; and sequentially quenching the melt from the top down in a controlled manner. Additionally, the present invention provides for the materials produced by such method. The present invention is also directed to a process for removing oxygen and hydrogen impurities from chalcogenide glass components using dynamic distillation.

Abstract: A roll for use in glass manufacture, such as in the production of non-dusting TFT glass, includes a hollow silica cylinder. A rod extends through the interior of the silica cylinder. A cooling volume is contained within the cylinder and extends around the rod. End caps are mechanically fixed to the roll. Pulling flats are fixed in place by inner and outer end plates. A compression fitting secures at least the outer end plate to the roll. The rod may serve to reinforce the roll and may be secured to the shaft by a plurality of supports. The supports accommodate differences in thermal expansion.

Abstract: A method for using a temperature control loop in order to further develop process control during elongation of a cylindrical preform such that a component strand with high dimensional accuracy can be drawn even in the presence of temperature-effective defects during the elongation process: (a) the continuous measurement of a first temperature value, Ttop, at an upper measuring point on the surface of the cylindrical preform; (b) the continuous measurement of a second temperature value, Tbottom, at a lower measuring point; (c) calculation of a temperature distribution in the region between the measuring points Ttop and Tbottom, and determination of a modelled deformation temperature, Tmodel, using an algorithmic model taking with first and the second temperature values as model input parameters, and the modelled deformation temperature, Tmodel, as a regulating variable and the heating-zone temperature Toven as a manipulated variable for the temperature-control loop.

Abstract: Fibrous material webs and methods of making the fibrous material webs. Binderless webs can be formed in a continuous process where fiber material, such as glass is melted and formed into fibers. The fibers are formed into a web of binderless glass fibers or a web with a dry binder. The binderless web or the web with dry binder can be layered and/or the fibers that make up the web can be mechanically entangled, for example, by needling.

Abstract: New non-damaging, yet installed portable door lock techniques are provided. Embodiments include both external and internal locking controls, with and without the use of keys and safety releases. In some aspects of the invention, a locking device may be non-damagingly mounted, in both a locked and unlocked condition, on the door jamb and/or mortise or other latch-accepting hole of a doorway and, with a variably-extendible door-gripping member, lock a door to the doorway and/or wall. Some aspects implement low weight and size, yet high-strength materials to enhance portability for traveling users. Some external control options are physical, as well as electronic, despite the challenges presented in this regard for temporary, portable locks. Examples of safety releases for external unlocking of the locking devices are also provided, and include remote access options. Embodiments also include cushioning and other devices for reducing lateral play, doorway damage and optimizing holding force.

Abstract: A fresh grass-fermented liquid fertilizer and a method for manufacturing a fresh grass-fermented liquid fertilizer that is produced by grinding fresh grass into fine particles, without any maturity, and naturally fermenting the fine particles through the cellulose in the fine particles as a substrate, thereby reducing the raw material cost of the fertilizer and the management cost and preventing the oxidization or destruction of various nutrients contained in organic matters, are provided. Further, the use of the fresh grass-fermented liquid fertilizer makes the soil activated, allows the growth of the plants to be accelerated, prevents all damages from disease and harmful insects, and treats all amount of fresh grass collected, without having secondary waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of using a fertilizer, comprising an amino acid selected from the group of L-glutamine, L-asparagine and L-arginine as major nitrogen source, optionally together with inorganic nitrogen and/or a suitable preservative, for stimulating root growth, inducing more fine roots, increase the number of root tips and/or for stimulating mycorrhiza development.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slow release granule composition for the delivery of one or more plant treatment agents. The composition comprises an organic solution consisting peat soil liquid obtained from a peat material and urea. The granule composition is useful for the controlled delivery of fertilizers and nutrients to plants and as a soil amendment. Also disclosed is a method of treating a plant with a plant treatment agent, comprising applying a slow release granule composition of the present invention and a method to prepare the slow release granule composition.

Abstract: A urea fertilizer having reduced ammonia volatilization upon application to soil including a central particle having an outer surface and comprising ammonia volatilization inhibiting compounds containing one or more of boron and iodine, and a coating of urea on the outer surface of the central particle, and further a process of making the fertilizer including the steps of: granulating ammonia volatilization inhibiting compounds containing one or more of boron and iodine, with a binder to produce volatilization inhibitor particles; screening the inhibitor particles to a preselected particle size; spraying melted urea onto the surface of the inhibitor particles to produce a coating on the inhibitor particles; granulating the coated inhibitor particles with sprayed melted urea to produce granules of urea coated central volatilization particles; and cooling the granules.

Abstract: A granulation method may include feeding a graded powder into a granulator. The powder may have a particle size distribution (PSD) of at least 98%-115 mesh and at most 50%-200 mesh. The powder may have a PSD of at least 98% less than or equal to 4.2% of a median product particle size and at most 50% less than or equal to 2.5% of the median product particle size. The powder may have a PSD of between 40% and 80% between 3% and 6% of the median product particle size, between 5% and 30% between 2% and 4% of the median product particle size, and between 10% and 40% between 1% and 3% of the median product particle size. A liquid binder may be fed into the granulator. Wet granules may be discharged from the granulator and may have a moisture content of between 7% and 12%.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the manufacture of a magnesium sulphate product, and a crystalline product, which comprises magnesium sulphate in the form of crystals or granules, as obtainable by carrying out this method. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a sulphuric acid product that has been obtained as a by-product during the sulphate process for manufacturing titanium dioxide; (b) concentrating the sulphuric acid product to obtain a concentrated product that has a higher sulphuric acid concentration; (c) combining a magnesium-based neutralising agent with the concentrated product and allowing the magnesium-based neutralising agent and the sulphuric acid to react, to generate magnesium sulphate in solution; and (d) crystallising magnesium sulphate out of the solution, to obtain a crystalline magnesium sulphate product together with a remaining liquor.

Abstract: Hot-rolled high-strength steel elongated structural members and method of making same are disclosed by hot-rolling high-strength steel having a specific chemical composition to provide the members of desired geometrical configuration including a thin web with opposed thicker flanges extending therefrom to increase the load bearing capacity of the members.

Abstract: A method of producing a seamless metal pipe, which can suppress the occurrence of lamination defects, is provided. A method of producing a seamless metal pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: heating a high alloy containing, by mass %, Cr: 20 to 30% and Ni: more than 22% and not more than 60% in a first heating furnace (S2); piercing-rolling the high alloy heated in the first heating furnace with a first piercing machine to produce a hollow shell (S3); heating the hollow shell in a second heating furnace (S4); and elongation-rolling the hollow shell heated in the second heating furnace with the first piercing machine or a second piercing machine which is different from the first piercing machine (S5).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a crimping tool, which comprises a first rod, a second rod, a transmission unit and a crimping portion. The first rod includes a first rod body. The second rod includes a second rod body and an abutting element, and the second rod body includes a guiding groove. The transmission unit comprises a transmission unit body, an adjustable portion, a sliding element and a linking element, wherein the adjustable portion is disposed on one end of the transmission unit body, which is external to the second rod body. The crimping portion is connected with the transmission unit body. When the crimping tool is used, the adjustable portion can be adjusted and thus the crimping portion is moved, thereby changing the distance between the crimping portion and the abutting element.

Abstract: A sensor assembly may include a Wheatstone bridge with one or more sense elements, an amplifier coupled to the Wheatstone bridge for providing a sensor output signal, a resistor, and a switch for connecting the resistor between the sensor and an adjustable power source output to induce an offset in the sensor output signal. In some instances, a controller may perform an automatic shunt calibration procedure by activating the switch to connect the resistor between the sensor and the adjustable power source output to induce an offset in the sensor output signal. The controller may read the output value and compare the output value with a predetermined value. The controller may adjust the power source output to a value that moves the sensor output value toward the predetermined value. The controller may repeat the reading, comparing and adjusting step until the sensor output value is within a predetermined range of the predetermined value.

Abstract: A carrier unit for a weight switching device includes a first shift weight carrier (34-1) which moves vertically in relation to a base, for vertically mounting a first shift weight arrangement (22-1R, 22-1L) which has two spaced-apart, parallel carrier arms (30-1R, 30-1L) connected by a bridging piece (32-1). A second shift weight carrier (34-2R, 34-2L) for vertically mounting, with play, a second shift weight arrangement (22-2R, 22-2L) which likewise has two spaced-apart, parallel carrier arms (30-2R, 30-2L) connected by another bridging piece (32-2), is likewise arranged in a vertically movable manner in relation to the base. The carrier arm pair (30-1R, 30-10 of the first shift weight carrier (34-1) is arranged between and parallel to the carrier arm pair (30-2R, 30-2L) of the second shift weight carrier (34-2), and each shift weight carrier (34-1; 34-2) is articulated to a common crosspiece (12) by two parallel links (23-1R, 23-1L; 23-2R, 23-2L).

Abstract: A calibration unit, system, and method for calibrating a device under test are provided. The calibration unit, system, and method use a single axis rotational unit to calibrate devices under test on a test head. The single axis rotation unit is configured to extend at an angle from a known axis. The test head can be designed in the shape of a frustum with multiple sides. The calibration unit, system, and method can use combinations of gravitational excitation, Helmholtz coil excitation, and rotational rate excitation for calibrating the device under test. The calibration unit, system, and method can calibrate a 3 degree for freedom or higher MEMS devices.

Abstract: A fluid percussion system for modeling penetrating brain injury includes a fluid percussion device that takes inputs in the form of pressurized gas and electrical signals from a computer and outputs a single hydraulic pulse, or multiple hydraulic pulses in quick succession. The fluid percussion device may include a pneumatic cylinder assembly and a hydraulic cylinder assembly that is actuated by the pneumatic cylinder assembly to produce the hydraulic pulse(s) of pressurized fluid. Each pulse may be used to rapidly inflate and deflate an attached balloon (representing a brain penetrating device). The balloon may be inserted in a test specimen, and the rapid inflation and deflation of the balloon creates a lesion that simulates a penetrating brain injury. A calibration system that employs an optical sensor may be used to determine maximum balloon diameter achieved during rapid inflation.

Abstract: A method of measuring wear rate in an actual rubber tire. A section of rubber is cut out of an actual tire below the surface of the tire. The cut out section is attached to the surface of a first wheel. An abrasive substance is attached to the surface of a second wheel. The two wheels are rotated for a predetermined time, in opposite directions, in contact with each other, at uneven rates resulting in some slippage between the surfaces of the two wheels. The wear rate of the rubber tire is measured based on the changes in the cut section over time, in much less time and using less resources than required by conventional wear measurement methods.

Abstract: A fluidic system comprising a force-transfer fluidic system with at least one fluidic component comprising a TDG sensor comprising in some embodiments an oxygen sensor, a luminescent oxygen sensor, or an electrochemical oxygen sensor. The system may further comprise a pressure transducer, a chamber and a membrane forming at least a portion of the chamber wall, the membrane being in direct or indirect contact with fluid or gas above the fluid. The TDG sensor may comprise control logic and an output of the control logic may be used directly or indirectly to control at least one process parameter of the system, including pressure and flow rate, and the control logic also may be used to notify the need for purification or to alert that a certain purity has been achieved.

Abstract: A device for measuring the concentration of a gas dissolved in an electrical insulation oil comprises a measuring member (2), internally defining a measuring chamber (3) and a conduit (4) to access the measuring chamber (3), a membrane (6) permeable to gases, inserted inside the conduit (4) for insulating the measuring chamber (3) against the oil and allowing gas to pass from the oil to the measuring chamber (3), a sensor (20) located in the measuring chamber (3) for measuring the concentration of gas in the measuring chamber (3), and a reinforcing grid (8) positioned in the conduit (4) for preventing deformation of the membrane (6), where the grid (8) is located at a position adjacent to the membrane (6) on the side opposite to the measuring chamber (3), and has at least one through section (9, 10) for allowing the oil to exert pressure directly on the membrane (6).

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor comprises an insulating body and a pair of electrodes disposed apart form each other on a main surface of the insulating body. The insulating body includes an insulating portion being equal to or higher than the height of the pair of the electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the main surface, formed on the part where the pair of the electrodes are. In one of the methods for manufacturing the particulate matter sensor, first, an electrode pattern composed of a material for the pair of the electrodes is formed on a body material composing the insulating body, and a mask, having identical pattern of the electrode pattern and composed of material which vaporizes at a temperature equal to or lower than a temperature that the electrode pattern is sintered, is formed on the electrode pattern. A thin film of the material composing the insulating portion is formed, and the electrode pattern and the thin film is sintered to form the electrodes and the insulating portion.