Abstract: A heat exchanger may be associated with a heat transfer system to promote flow of heat energy from a heat source to a multi-phase fluid. The heat exchanger may be associated with an expansion portion. The fluid may be a refrigerant to which nano-particles may be added. Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in an air-conditioning system as well as a water heating system.

Abstract: The present invention describes an earring support device for relieving the tension caused by having large earrings hanging from a piercing for an extended amount of time. The support device has a set of clam-shell shaped earlobe guards that are hinged together and clipped onto an earlobe. The earring support device further has apertures that correspond with that of the ear piercing, wherein when the pin of the earring is placed through the earring support device apertures, the earring support device functions to distribute the forces applied by the earring more evenly through the earlobe. The clam-shelled halves of the earring support device cover an area from the piercing to the bottom of the earlobe, and thus further serves to mask the effects of prior extended wearing of heavy jewelry.

Abstract: A foaming process for preparing wafer-level glass micro-cavities that include, etching silicon trenches on a Si wafer through Si micro-machining process; placing high-temperature outgassing agent in the silicon trenches; bonding the Si wafer with a piece of glass wafer by anodic bonding to form sealing cavities; heating up the bonded wafer, and holding the temperature the high-temperature outgassing agent such that the molten glass corresponding to the sealing cavities deforms and structures corresponding to the silicon trenches are formed in the glass; cooling down to obtain wafer-level glass micro-flow channels.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a surface-treated glass plate having a concave portion on the order of nanometers, in which the depth of the concave portion is sufficiently large for the size thereof and which is free from an abnormal bump portion and excellent in the transparency to visible light. The present invention relates to a surface-treated glass plate having a plurality of the concave portions provided in a glass surface, in which a plane of the glass surface, excluding a region in which the concave portions are formed, is a flat plane, and the concave portions have an average open pore diameter of 10 nm to less than 1 ?m in a cross-sectional view thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cutting a continuous glass ribbon involving the use of edge restrainers such as suction cups and clamps connected to an actuator of a robot tooling through a flexible linkage capable of reciprocal motion in the direction of the ribbon velocity. The use of the flexible linkage reduces peak pulling-force when the glass ribbon is pulled or pushed laterally to during bending and separation along a pre-formed score-line. The invention can be advantageously used in the bottom of the draw of a vertical down-draw forming process.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for compensating the varying weight of a glass ribbon the glass ribbon is drawn from a molten glass forming material, and an apparatus therefore. The weight compensating apparatus is configured to apply a force to the glass ribbon that is inversely proportional to the weight of the glass ribbon such that as the glass ribbon weight increases, the force applied to the glass ribbon by the weight compensating device decreases.

Abstract: The invention envisions a method for improving the thermal shock resistance of glass objects. For this a glass object is heated starting from a surface temperature under the softening point (42) on the surface of a first side (3) until the viscosity reaches or goes below a value of 10(7.65±2) poise.

Abstract: Refractory glass-forming tools, including glass-forming molds incorporating protective metal nitride surface coatings, with optional alumina barrier layers disposed between the mold bodies and coating for high-temperature nitride coating stability, offering particular advantages for the manufacture by direct molding of optically finished glass products such as information display cover glasses from refractory alkali aluminosilicate glasses at molding temperatures up to and above 800° C.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for monitoring and controlling the amount of moisture introduced into the forming hood area in the manufacture of mineral fiber insulation products. Moisture from coolant liquids, binder dispersions and binder diluents are all introduced deliberately into a forming hood; ambient moisture and water from combustion are additional sources. A series of global variable control valves, one for each fluid system; as well as individual variable control valves for each fiberizing unit are provided with associated meters. Sensors monitor fibrous pack conditions and ambient conditions and provide inputs to the valve control system. A specific 3-ring liquid dispensing system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A knit fabric having a modified knit structure, having a front layer of knit fabric and a back layer of knit fabric, wherein the front layer and back layer are joined together by rows of tuck stitches formed from a yarn having no more than 3% elongation and wherein the knit fabric is puncture resistant, and optionally cut and/or abrasion resistant, and a protective garment made therefrom.

Abstract: A washing apparatus includes a drive mechanism, a washing tub being configured to contain a washing article for washing and to be rotated by the drive mechanism, a casing that covers the washing tub, a liquid supply flow path for supplying the cleaning liquid for washing, a liquid discharge flow path, an air flow path, a detection portion being configured to detect whether or not the casing is filled with the cleaning liquid based on the cleaning liquid flowing into the air flow path, and a pump being configured to send the cleaning liquid to the liquid supply flow path, wherein the cleaning liquid is supplied to the casing in a condition that the casing communicates with the outside of the casing, after the washing article is put into the washing tub, and wherein the cleaning liquid is circulated, and wherein the washing tub is rotated, when the casing is filled.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fragrance supply apparatus and a washing/drying machine having the same, wherein the washing/drying machine comprises a fragrance supply apparatus installed in a washing/drying machine body for collecting clothes to be treated such that a fragrance solution contained therein is uniformly effused by a pressure difference to be supplied into the clothes within the washing/drying machine body, whereby the fragrance solution can be supplied at a desired time so as to prevent an unnecessary consumption thereof, and also prevent an occurrence of a deviation of an effused amount due to an amount of the fragrance solution contained in the fragrance supply apparatus.

Abstract: A drum type washing machine is provided. The drum type washing machine may include a cabinet, a tub fixed to an inner side of the cabinet, a drum rotatably arranged in the tub, and a driving motor positioned at a rear side of the drum for generating a driving force that rotates the drum. The washing machine may also include a supporting plate to rotatably support a rotational shaft extending between the motor and the drum, and a plurality of supporters connected between the supporting plate and the cabinet. Such an arrangement may increase washing capacity by increasing a diameter of the drum without increasing an external size of the cabinet.

Abstract: A drum type washing machine is provided. The washing machine may include a tub, a drum, a motor rotating the drum, bearing housings housing bearings to support a rotation shaft, a suspension connected to the bearing housings and a cabinet to mitigate vibration, a bracket coupled to the bearing housings, and a gasket installed between the bracket and the tub. Such an arrangement may allow volumes of the tub and the drum may be increased without increasing the volume of the cabinet.

Abstract: A manual laundering system comprising a bucket, a lid, and a handle assembly. Dirty clothes/laundry, detergent, and water are placed inside the bucket. The handle assembly is positioned within the bucket. The lid is mounted to seal the bucket by passing an end of the handle assembly through the lid having a hole. Once sealed, the handle is moved to agitate the clothes/laundry, detergent, and water inside the bucket.

Abstract: A laundry drum on the one hand is to exhibit the advantageous features of structures of the prior art distributed in the circumferential direction, which protrude from the cylinder shape of the drum casing accommodated in the laundry drum, but at the same time however create the basics for their embodiment for advantageous influencing of the laundry movement within the laundry drum during its rotational movement. To this end structures are inventively formed from ring-shaped protrusions distributed in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A security may include a base that defines an aperture or opening configured for receiving at least a portion of an object to be secured. The base may support a capture member that is configured to move between a capture position and a release position. The security device may further include a driving member that is configured to move between a first position and a second position and may engage the capture member. When the driving member is moved from the first position to the second position it may urge the capture member from the release position to the capture position. The capture member may be configured to secure the object within the aperture when the capture member is in the capture position. The security device may further comprise a locking member may be configured to releasably engage the driving member to prevent movement of the driving member from the second position to the first position.

Abstract: An apparatus including a motor that has a rotatable output shaft extending outward from the motor and defining a rotational axis. The apparatus also includes a coupler that is coupled to the output shaft for rotation therewith, and a coil spring that is coupled to the coupler without external attachment means such that rotation of the coupler is transferred to the coil spring.

Abstract: A tool kit including a clamping structure formed of dual clamping bodies that define a cylindrical projecting member when the clamping bodies are united, a force transfer adapter, a substantially cylindrical force applying member having a tapered end and an elongated yoke having a longitudinal bore defined therein, wherein the first end of the yoke and the cylindrical projecting member have cooperating features for facilitating a non-permanent engagement with one another when the dual clamping bodies are united, and wherein the second end of the yoke and the force applying member include cooperating features for facilitating the gradual application of force to the force transfer adapter.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus conveys work that was conduction heated at an energizing position to a processing position that is separated from the energizing position in the horizontal direction in order to perform hot press-forming, and comprises: a holding member that freely clamps both end sections in the lengthwise direction of the work that has been conduction heated; a drive mechanism that moves the holding member from at least the energizing position to the processing position; and a guide member that extends between the energizing position and the processing position and guides and supports the middle section in the lengthwise direction of the work that has been conduction heated and is being conveyed toward the processing position. A hot press-forming apparatus comprises the conveyor apparatus when conveying conduction heated work to a downstream process.

Abstract: There is provided a forging die holder including a resistance heater capable of efficiently heating a die via the die holder when warm forging or hot forging is performed. A die holder is for holding a die used in a forging press for performing warm forging or hot forging. The die holder has heater mounting holes into which resistance heaters are inserted, sensor mounting holes into which temperature sensors are inserted, and guide portions disposed on both end portions of holder surfaces of holders for supporting back surfaces of the foregoing die to support side surfaces of the foregoing die located therebetween on both sides thereof. The heater mounting holes are formed at positions opposing the holder surfaces in aligned relation with the side surfaces of the foregoing die.

Abstract: A method for analyzing moisture content in an analyzer. In one embodiment a sample is introduced into an analyzer and an initial weight is obtained. The sample is then fortified where it is allowed to pick-up moisture. The temperature of the analyzer is increased and an initial fortified point is obtained wherein the sample has returned to its initial weight. Thereafter the analyzer obtains the final moisture content of the sample at a test finish time. In one embodiment satellite analyzers are biased against a standard analyzer so that more uniform results are obtained.

Abstract: A game controller including multiple sensors for detecting a pressure load of a user for use as an input device of a game apparatus. The game controller includes a load platform adapted to receive the pressure load of the user; a plurality of load sensors arranged in the load platform for detecting the pressure load of the user, each load sensor generating an independent detected load signal; and a connector to operationally connect the plurality of load sensors to the game apparatus for transmitting a transmission signal to the game apparatus to facilitate gameplay. The transmission signal includes the independent detected load signal of at least one load sensor such that the transmission signal includes at least one independent detected load signal corresponding to at least one load sensor of the plurality of load sensors.

Abstract: A land mine simulator includes a housing having an opening formed in one end thereof. A plate movably supported in the housing's opening has a first face exposed to a surrounding environment and a second face exposed to an interior region of the housing. A non-compressible fluid-filled reservoir in the housing includes a flexible diaphragm opposing and spaced apart from the second face of the plate. Plungers are between each of the second face of the plate and the diaphragm. Each of one or more air spring in the housing includes a cylinder having a movable piston sealed therein with a first side of the piston in fluid communication with the reservoir's fluid and a second side of the piston in fluid communication with a pressurized volume of gas within the cylinder. A pressure sensor is provided in communication with the fluid in the reservoir.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining leakby in a flow controller (100) comprising a flow sensor (102), a flow control valve (106) and electronics (104). The electronics are coupled to the flow sensor, the flow control valve and configured to adjust the flow control valve in response to the signal of the flow sensor indicating the flow rate of the material such that a set flow rate of material through the flow controller is maintained. The steps of the method comprise determining (302) a zero drift (Qdrift) value for the flow sensor (102). Determining (304) a flow rate (Qflow) through the flow controller (100) when the control valve (106) is in the fully closed position. And determining (306) the leakby through the flow controller (100) where the leakby is equal Qflow-Qdrift.

Abstract: Systems and methods for two degree of freedom dithering for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor calibration are provided. In one embodiment, a method for a device comprises forming a MEMS sensor layer, the MEMS sensor layer comprising a MEMS sensor and an in-plane rotator to rotate the MEMS sensor in the plane of the MEMS sensor layer. Further, the method comprises forming a first and second rotor layer and bonding the first rotor layer to a top surface and the second rotor layer to the bottom surface of the MEMS sensor layer, such that a first and second rotor portion of the first and second rotor layers connect to the MEMS sensor. Also, the method comprises separating the first and second rotor portions from the first and second rotor layers, wherein the first and second rotor portions and the MEMS sensor rotate about an in-plane axis of the MEMS sensor layer.

Abstract: A method of calibration including placing an instrument on an arbitrary point and at an arbitrary rotational orientation on an ultrasonic probe, obtaining spatial coordinates of the instrument, obtaining spatial coordinates of three points on an external surface of the ultrasonic probe, and using the three points to define an ultrasonic image plane, obtaining spatial coordinates of a set of landmarks which have a known spatial relationship to the ultrasonic image plane, these landmarks defining a direction in which the ultrasonic probe is directed within the ultrasonic image plane, and obtaining spatial coordinates of a front point on a front facing surface of the ultrasonic probe, the front facing surface having a known relation with a reference axis of a scanning plane of the ultrasonic probe that defines where an ultrasonic image starts within the ultrasonic image plane.

Abstract: A phantom used in quality assurance and performance tests and/or in pre-purchase testing of ultrasound scanners is provided. The phantom includes a container, a boundary formed within the container, and a curved scanning surface. The container includes a top surface, a bottom surface opposite the top surface, and a wall mounted between the top surface and the bottom surface to form the container. The boundary is configured to hold a tissue mimicking material. The curved scanning surface is formed in the top surface in a direction towards an interior of the container. The curved scanning surface is shaped to support translation perpendicular to an image plane of an application end of an ultrasound transducer along at least a portion of an axis extending between a first location on the curved scanning surface and a second location on the curved scanning surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for determining the inter-fiber frictional coefficient of staple fibers. The apparatus comprises a pair of clamps, one fixed and the other mobile wherein, each clamp receives an end portion of a sliver therewithin. The apparatus further comprises a pair of predetermined weights, each mounted over a clamp in order to exert normal force on either end of the sliver whereby the movement of the sliver within the clamps is resisted as the mobile clamp is moves away from the fixed clamp until the sliver is severed off, a force sensor for sensing the tensile force exerted by the sliver, and a means for computing the inter-fiber frictional coefficient, which is a function of the normal force and the amount of tensile force exerted by the sliver which overcomes the inter-fiber frictional force of the sliver.

Abstract: Components of interest are captured on a resin column from a sample of exhaust gas from an operating vehicle. Makeup air is added to the residual exhaust gas flow exiting the resin column at a junction downstream of the resin column. Makeup air flow rate is determined using a laminar flow element and pressure and temperature gauges associated therewith. The sample and the makeup air are drawn together through a blower and the flow rate through the blower is calculated based on differential pressure across the blower and temperature of the gas drawn through the blower. The controller adjusts a proportional control valve in the makeup air line to regulate the sample flow rate, taken as the blower flow rate minus the makeup air flow rate, at a predetermined proportion of the exhaust gas flow rate.

Abstract: The viscometer provides a viscosity value (X?) which represents the viscosity of a fluid flowing in a pipe connected thereto. It comprises a vibratory transducer with at least one flow tube for conducting the fluid, which communicates with the pipe. Driven by an excitation assembly, the flow tube is vibrated so that friction forces are produced in the fluid. The viscometer further includes meter electronics which feed an excitation current (iexc) into the excitation assembly. By means of the meter electronics, a first internal intermediate value (X1) is formed, which corresponds with the excitation current (iexc) and thus represents the friction forces acting in the fluid. According to the invention, a second internal intermediate value (X2), representing inhomogeneities in the fluid, is generated in the meter electronics, which then determine the viscosity value (X?) using the two intermediate values (X1, X2).

Abstract: A sensor system that measures at least one parameter of water includes an electronics subsystem and includes a sensor housing electrically and mechanically coupled to the electronics subsystem. The sensor housing encloses a chamber that receives water via at least one inlet and that releases water via at least one outlet. At least one sensor has at least one electrode exposed to water in the chamber. A flow generator causes water to flow through the chamber. A plurality of objects within the chamber move in response to the water flow and abrasively clean the at least one electrode. Preferably, the sensor system includes a chlorine sensor having at least two electrodes. The electronics subsystem applies a first differential voltage between the two electrodes during a measurement interval and then applies a second differential voltage between the two electrodes during an interval following the measurement interval.

Abstract: Two quantitative separation approaches to fractionate de-asphalted oils (DAOs) into seven classes of compounds (saturates, 1-4+ ring-aromatics, sulfides, and polars). In the first step (named as “SGS”) of present invention, the DAO of a petroleum vacuum resid is separated in to four classes of compounds, namely saturates, aromatics, and sulfides. In this first step of separation, about 3 grams of a DAO can be separated. Whereas in the second step (named as “ARC” separation) of invention, only less than 300 mg of the aromatic fraction obtained in “SGS” (described above) can be further fractionated at very low temperature (about ?40 degrees centigrade) into 4 fractions, namely 1-ring, 2-ring, 3-ring, and 4+-ring aromatics. The present invention protocol is suitable for a wide range of compositionally different DAOs of petroleum vacuum resids.

Abstract: A hardness tester and testing method including a focuser, an image capturer, a test position setter, a focus position memory, an indentation creator, an image capture controller, and a measurer. The focuser focuses on the surface of the specimen. The image capturer captures an image of the surface of the specimen. The test position setter sets a test position at which the indentation is formed. The focus position memory measures a focus position, then associates the focus position with a test position within a predetermined range and stores the information in a memory. The indentation creator forms the indentation at the test position with the indenter. The image capture controller displaces the specimen, then captures an image of the formed indentation through the first field lens. The measurer measures the hardness of the specimen based on the indentation whose image has been captured.

Abstract: A method for checking the functioning of a ventilation apparatus for ventilating a crankcase connected via the ventilation apparatus to an air supply system of the internal combustion engine includes: determining a pressure difference between an ambient pressure and a crankcase pressure in the crankcase; identifying a fault in the ventilating apparatus as a function of the pressure difference if an enabling condition is met; the enabling condition being met if an air mass flow in the air supply system, filtered by a low-pass filter, exceeds a first threshold value in terms of absolute value.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining a time duration for an electric actuation of a valve which has a coil drive, in particular of a direct-injection valve for an internal combustion engine. The method may include a deactivation of a current flow through a coil of the coil drive, such that the coil is in a currentless state, a detection of a time profile of a voltage induced in the currentless coil, a determination of the closing time of the valve on the basis of the detected time profile, and a determination of a time duration of the electric actuation of the valve for a future injection process on the basis of the determined closing time. A corresponding device and a computer program for carrying out the described method are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating the dynamic load borne by a tire of a vehicle running along over a given period, whereby the pressure is measured during the period, at each pressure measurement point, the pressure, known as the reference pressure, of the same tire subjected to a load that is constant and known per time interval is determined, and the variation in load is calculated from the difference between the measured pressure and the pressure, known as the reference pressure, and from a model of the tire devised beforehand and that relates a variation in load to a variation in pressure. The invention also proposes a method for estimating the load borne by a tire.

Abstract: Provided is a method for testing a tire. The method may comprise performing a first stopping distance test on a tire of a first specification at a first inflation pressure and gathering data about the first stopping distance test. The method may further comprise performing a second stopping distance test on a tire of the first specification at a second inflation pressure and gathering data about the second stopping distance test. The method may further comprise performing a first traction test on a tire of the first specification at either the first inflation pressure or the second inflation pressure and gathering data about the first traction test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transducer and a method for manufacturing same, and more particularly, to a transducer and to a method for manufacturing same, in which a first liquid and a second liquid are supplied such that, at the boundary therebetween, a deformation-generating part, including a perforated structure having one or more holes therein, is formed, and the effect of external pressure is negated by the action between the liquids.

Abstract: A method for predicting initial unbalance in a component comprising one or more elements, the method comprising: defining a statistical distribution of a mass moment weight of each of the one or more elements; restricting the statistical distribution to a selected range; and calculating an initial unbalance of the component for the restricted distribution of the one or more elements.

Abstract: A device for measuring the rotational imbalance of a specimen, having a spindle unit with a spindle, which is embodied to hold the specimen and to allow it to rotate at a testing speed, a holder suspension by means of which the spindle unit is anchored to the machine base in pendulum fashion such that the imbalance forces occurring during the measurement operation are able to move the spindle unit back and forth in a predetermined measuring direction M, and a sensor arrangement that detects at least one imbalance parameter occurring in the measuring direction M during rotation of the spindle, wherein the spindle unit is supported by means of at least one auxiliary bearing that is only able to transmit forces in the direction of a normal N to the measuring direction M.

Abstract: A miniaturized inertial measurement and navigation sensor device and a flexible, simplified GUI operating in real time are provided to create an optimum IMU/INS. The IMU includes multiple angle rate sensors, accelerometers, and temperature sensors to provide stability device. A navigation GUI tests algorithms prior to embedding them in real-time IMU hardware. MATLAB code is converted to C++ code tailored for real-time operation. Any point in the algorithm suite structure can be brought out as a data channel to investigate the pattern of operation. The data channels permit zooming in on the algorithm's operation for the open-loop angle, velocity and position drift measurements for bias-compensated channels. The GUI can be used to verify results of an extended Kalman filter solution as well as the implementation of the real-time attitude and heading reference system. When the code has been verified, it is compiled and downloaded into a target processor.

Abstract: An accelerometer includes a base, a proof mass flexibly connected to the base, and a double-ended tuning fork (DETF) coupled to the proof mass and the base. The DETF includes a base attached to the accelerometer base, an outrigger that extends from a first side of the base, and two tines that extend from a side of the outrigger that is opposite the first side of the base. The accelerometer also includes a drive mechanism that generates opposing forces in different halves of the outrigger, thereby causing the tines to oscillate. An excitation voltage applied to metallized traces on the outrigger at the base of the DETF cause the tines to resonant. The alternating strains generated at the root of the tines excite the tines themselves at their resonant frequency without the requirement of complex metallization applied to the tines.

Abstract: A micromechanical system with a system that can vibrate, has a seismic mass and at least two spring elements. The spring elements are respectively fastened on one side externally to the seismic mass and on the other side to fixed anchor points of the micromechanical system such that the seismic mass can vibrate in a movement direction. In order to obtain a particularly large frequency spacing between the useful mode and further vibration modes of the system, at least one further spring element is provided in the inner region of the seismic mass. The further spring element the is fastened to a further anchor point of the micromechanical system. A method builds a micromechanical system with a system that can vibrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein an inertial sensor and a method of manufacturing the same. An inertial sensor 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is configured to include a plate-shaped membrane 110, a mass body 120 that includes an adhesive part 123 disposed under a central portion 113 of the membrane 110 and provided at the central portion thereof and a patterning part 125 provided at an outer side of the adhesive part 123 and patterned to vertically penetrate therethrough, and a first adhesive layer 130 that is formed between the membrane 110 and the adhesive part 123 and is provided at an inner side of the patterning part 125. An area of the first adhesive layer 130 is narrow by isotropic etching using the patterning part 125 as a mask, thereby making it possible to improve sensitivity of the inertial sensor 100.

Abstract: A method provides detecting a contact state between at least one driver/operator of a vehicle and a control input device designed to control the vehicle, where a frequency spectrum is calculated from sensors detected movement signals based on which the contact state between the control input device and the driver/operator is determined.

Abstract: An exposed end of a micromechanical system having at least one beam-shaped element is connected to a further element of the micromechanical system at the other end thereof. To optimize the mechanical properties of the micromechanical system, recesses are provided in the beam-shaped element in such a way that the mass of the beam-shaped elements decreases toward the exposed end.

Abstract: A system and methods with which changes in microstructure properties such as grain size, grain elongation, texture, and porosity of materials can be determined and monitored over time to assess conditions such as stress and defects. An example system includes a number of ultrasonic transducers configured to transmit ultrasonic waves towards a target region on a specimen, a voltage source configured to excite the first and second ultrasonic transducers, and a processor configured to determine one or more properties of the specimen.

Abstract: A vacuum sensor for sensing vacuum in a sealed enclosure is provided. The sealed enclosure includes active MEMS devices desired to be maintained in vacuum conditions. The vacuum sensor includes a motion beam anchored to an internal surface in the sealed enclosure. A driving electrode is disposed beneath the motion beam and a bias is supplied to cause the motion beam to deflect through electromotive force. A sensing electrode is also provided and detects capacitance between the sensing electrode disposed on the internal surface, and the motion beam. Capacitance changes as the gap between the motion beam and the sensing electrode changes. The amount of deflection is determined by the vacuum level in the sealed enclosure. The vacuum level in the sealed enclosure is thereby sensed by the sensing electrode.

Abstract: A measurement system for measuring a pressure of a fluid is provided. The measurement system includes a sensing module and a liquid electrical circuit. The sensing module includes a flexible film and a liquid electronic device. The flexible film has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The fluid is disposed on the first side of the flexible film, and the liquid electronic device is disposed on the second side of the flexible film. The flexible film converts the pressure of the fluid into a parameter of the liquid electronic device. The liquid electrical circuit is electrically coupled to the liquid electronic device. The liquid electronic device and the liquid electrical circuit output a measurement signal corresponding to the parameter in response to an applied electrical energy. A manufacture method of a measurement system is also provided.