Abstract: A method of producing glass-ceramic includes providing a glass made from a glass composition comprising LiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, and at least one nucleating agent. The glass is disposed in a microwave processing chamber. Microwaves are then selectively delivered into the microwave processing chamber at varying frequencies to induce different distributions of microwave fields in the glass. The glass is nucleated and crystallized while under the influence of the induced microwave fields.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for manufacturing a vacuum solar thermal panel which comprises at least a tempered glass plate and a metal frame attached to said plate, the method comprising a fit firing cycle to form a glass-metal seal, the fit firing cycle comprising a first heating phase of the tempered glass plate up to a maximum temperature (Tm), being the temperature which preserves a suitable pre-stress level of the tempered glass plate. Advantageously according to the invention, the method further comprises a second heating phase (via optical radiation illumination) being a selective heating phase of a melting area of the tempered glass plate performed at a second temperature (Th) which is above the maximum temperature (Tm).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating glass sheets, and a glass tempering furnace. The glass sheets are heated by feeding them through a tempering furnace whereby the glass sheets are heated from above and below in the tempering furnace. The glass sheets are heated with blowing channels arranged substantially transverse in relation to the direction of travel of the glass sheets and with heating resistor rows arranged substantially transverse in relation to the direction of travel of the glass sheets. A heating resistor row has at least three separately controllable parts, and the temperature profile of the glass sheet is adjusted in the transverse direction by separately adjusting the different parts of the resistor row.

Abstract: A glass tempering furnace for heating glass sheets (5). The glass sheet (5) is led in the glass tempering furnace (1), and the glass sheet (5) is heated in the glass tempering furnace (1) by blowing heating air on the surface of the glass sheet (5) with at least two separate heating air streams in the substantially transverse direction in relation to the direction of travel of the glass sheet (5).

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for sintering a glass preform for an optical fiber, wherein the glass preform for the optical fiber is received in a muffle tube and is heated in an atmospheric gas while being suspended on a shaft and supported thereon, the apparatus comprising: a first gas seal that is provided at an upper end of the muffle tube, the shaft being inserted therethrough; a buffering chamber that is provided above the first gas seal and that covers the shaft; a second gas seal that is provided at an upper end of the buffering chamber, the shaft being inserted therethrough; and a unit that introduces the atmospheric gas exhausted from the muffle tube into the buffering chamber.

Abstract: A wall-mount household appliance (100) comprising a washing assembly with a washing tub (200) rotatably housing a rotatable drum (201), the household appliance being adapted to be mounted to a wall (105), characterized by comprising a wall-mounting frame (215; 215?) configured to be fixed to the wall, and elastic coupling elements (235, 240) elastically coupling the washing tub (200) to the wall-mounting frame (215; 215?), said elastic coupling elements (235, 240) being connected at a respective one end thereof to a cylindrical lateral wall of the washing tub (200).

Abstract: A steam head (130) for a garment steamer, comprising a handle (132), a steam duct, extending through or otherwise connected to the handle, having an upstream portion (134) with an upstream end (134a) that is configured to be connected to a steam hose (20), and a downstream portion (150) with a downstream end (150b) that defines a steam ejection opening (157), a frontal contact surface (156) that is at least partially provided for by a circumferential edge (155) of the steam ejection opening (157), and that that is configured to be in grazing contact with a garment when, during use, steam is released from the steam ejection opening (157) onto the garment, wherein a surface area of the frontal contact surface is smaller than an area of the steam ejection opening.

Abstract: An engagement structure for a cable head includes a main body and a release mechanism. The main body has movable positioners disposed thereon. When the cable head is inserted in the main body, the positioners are temporarily pushed away and moved back by an elastic mechanism to block the cable head from removing from the main body. For removing the cable head, a release mechanism is configured for pushing the positioners away. Thus, user can remove the cable head by operating the release mechanism. Therefore, operation of the engagement structure is simplified for user.

Abstract: A security device for protecting a merchandise item that includes a housing, a first cable, a second cable, a spool, a locking mechanism and a crossover device that is in the housing and is rotatable about a vertical axis. The locking mechanism locks the spool so that it is not rotatable about the vertical axis. The cable crossover device is placed on a side of a merchandise item opposite the housing. The crossover device in is formed with a crossover body and a latch. The crossover body has the first cable slidably attached to it. The latch is configured to be locked to the crossover body. The second cable slidably is attached to the latch. The latch is configured to be partially released from the crossover body when it unlocked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steering lock with a deadlock for a motor vehicle comprising: •a bolt guide (5), •a bolt (4), •a deadlocking means (15) comprising a locking element (16) designed to lock the bolt (4) in deadlocked position and to be subjected to torsional and translational movement towards said bolt (4), said element (16) being received in a housing (18) of the bolt guide (5). The deadlocking means (15) further comprises a closing plate (10) having a face that engages with an element of the deadlocking means (15), and engages with the opening of the housing (18) in such a way that the rotation of the closing plate (10) is locked relative to the guide bolt (5) and causes the translational and torsional movement of said locking element (16).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-theft device (13) for a steering column (19) of a motor vehicle comprising: •an anti-theft body (15), •a locking module (23) intended to be received in a blind housing of the anti-theft body (15), said locking module (23) being configured in such a way as to lock the steering column (19) in the lockout position and to leave said steering colunm (19) released in the unlocked position, •an additional reinforcing device (43) being interposed between the wall forming the bottom of the blind housing and the locking module (23).

Abstract: An operating attachment (10) for operating a push button or switch, which includes a housing, (12) a handling part (11) having an actuator element (19) supported by said housing (12) for rotation in a direction of rotation (U), an operating element (26) displaceable parallel to a longitudinal axis (L) of the housing for operating a push button or switch, an operating drive (37) for transferring rotary movement of the actuator element (19) into a linear motion of the operating element (26) between an initial position (A) and an operating position (B), and a latching device (42) for latching the actuator element (19) in a latched position (R). The attachment apparatus (10) further includes at least one encoding element (48) moveable between a first encoding position (K1) that allows for rotation of the actuator (11) into the latched position (R) and a second encoding position (K2) which limits rotation of the actuator element (19) prior to reaching the latched position (R).

Abstract: A method for applying agrochemicals within a geographical area, the method includes determining identify of a first hybrid or variety within the geographical area, determining identify of a second hybrid or variety within the geographical area, and applying agrochemicals to the geographical area using a variable rate controller based on the identity of the first hybrid or variety and the identity of the second hybrid or variety and wherein the variable rate controller is configured to apply the agrochemicals using a first model for the first hybrid or variety within the geographical area and a second model for the second hybrid or variety within the geographical area.

Abstract: An IBTL system having a low GHG footprint for converting biomass to liquid fuels in which a biomass feed is converted to liquids by direct liquefaction and the liquids are upgraded to produce premium fuels. Biomass residues from the direct liquefaction, and optionally additional biomass is pyrolyzed to produce structured biochar, hydrogen for the liquefaction and upgrading, and CO2 for conversion to algae, including blue green algae (cyanobacteria) in a photobioreactor (PBR). Produced algae and diazotrophic microorganisms are used to produce a biofertilizer that also contains structured biochar. The structured biochar acts as a nucleation agent for the algae in the PBR, as a absorption agent to absorb inorganics from the biomass feed to direct liquefaction or from the liquids produced thereby, and as a water retention agent in the biofertilizer.

Abstract: The present invention generally concerns a concentrated sugar additive comprising (a) raffinate derived from citric acid recovery industry and (b) sugar-containing solution useful for controlling dust emission from particulate materials during manufacturing, handling, storage or transportation. Such particulate materials comprise fertilizers, minerals, coal, etc.

Abstract: A method of producing a modified biochar and the use of the biochar as a soil amendment. The modified biochar can be produced by contacting biochar with an acid-containing solution obtained from an acid containing stream produced in a pyrolysis process, which produces biochar. In accordance with one aspect, a cellulose-containing biomass is pyrolyzed to generate a gaseous organic acid-containing stream, which is condensed to produce an organic acid-containing solution. The biochar is then modified by contact with the organic acid-containing solution.

Abstract: Agriculturally useful compositions comprise individual quantities of anhydrous ammonia, ammonia solution, and one or more agricultural actives different than anhydrous ammonia. The compositions may include polyanionic polymers, fertilizers, and/or biocidal agents. Preferably, the compositions are created in pressurized tanks and are applied in the same fashion as anhydrous ammonia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amorphous, vitreous phosphorus-potassium fertilizer obtained by melting raw materials containing phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), potassium oxide (K20), providers of Si02 and silicates, and providers of MgO and CaO. The fertilizer of the present invention is produced by a process of melting the raw materials, followed by quenching, enabling the formation of a vitreous and amorphous material containing phases of phosphorus and of potassium, which are soluble in a weak acid.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition is provided that includes boron and sulfur. The fertilizer composition can be a controlled release fertilizer that includes elemental sulfur, an anhydrous boron-containing compound, and a swelling material. The fertilizer composition can be produced by mixing molten elemental sulfur with the anhydrous boron-containing compound and cooling the mixture.

Abstract: An alkali metal ion source with a moderate rate of release of the ion (e.g. potassium) is formed by a method that includes: 1) combining an particulate ore that contains at least one of an alkali metal ion-bearing framework silicate (e.g. syenite ore) with at least one of an oxide and hydroxide of at least one of an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal such as calcium hydroxide; 2) milling the mixture of these two components optionally, with water, optionally, milling the dry components separately and blended thereafter, optionally, with water; 3) forming a mixture by adding water to the solid mixture after milling, if water was not added before milling; 4) exposing the mixture to an elevated temperature and pressure to form a gel that includes silica and the alkali metal of the framework silicate.

Abstract: It is described an integrated process for the production of clinker by dry process, with treatment in continuous of by-pass dusts produced by the kiln, wherein the solid matter to treat consists of bypass dusts of a clinker production process, containing compounds of chloride, sodium, potassium and sulphur, such a process comprising the following steps: a) extraction of the bypass dusts directly from the phase of quench, without intermediate storage, at a temperature comprised between 150 and 200° C., with a moisture content varying from 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, and with a quantity of calcium carbonate lower than 55% by weight; b) mixing of said dusts coming from step a), within a maximum time comprised between 2 and 10 minutes, preferably lower than about 5 minutes, with water up to a water/dusts ratio varying from 2:1 to 4:1, preferably from 2.5:1 to 3.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of uniformly heating, rheologically softening, and thermoplastically forming magnetic metallic glasses rapidly into a net shape using a rapid capacitor discharge forming (RCDF) tool are provided. The RCDF method utilizes the discharge of electrical energy stored in a capacitor to uniformly and rapidly heat a sample or charge of metallic glass alloy to a predetermined “process temperature” between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous material and the equilibrium melting point of the alloy in a time scale of several milliseconds or less. Once the sample is uniformly heated such that the entire sample block has a sufficiently low process viscosity it may be shaped into high quality amorphous bulk articles via any number of techniques including, for example, injection molding, dynamic forging, stamp forging, sheet forming, and blow molding in a time frame of less than 1 second.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for forming a sheet metal component using an electric current passing through the component. The process can include providing an incremental forming machine, the machine having at least one arcuate tipped tool and at least electrode spaced a predetermined distance from the arcuate tipped tool. The machine is operable to perform a plurality of incremental deformations on the sheet metal component using the arcuate tipped tool. The machine is also operable to apply an electric direct current through the electrode into the sheet metal component at the predetermined distance from the arcuate tipped tool while the machine is forming the sheet metal component.

Abstract: A trolley for supporting the plate during vertical rolling of the plate is provided. In one embodiment, the trolley can include a support body configured to provide support for the trolley; a plurality of wheels configured to allow the trolley to move across a floor; a lifting arm supported by the support body, wherein the lifting arm is movable about a first position and a second position; a pump handle configured to raise the lifting arm between the first position and the second position; and a plate holder configured to move with the lifting arm and hold the plate in place relative to the trolley.

Abstract: A centrifugally cast composite roll for hot rolling comprising an outer layer having a composition comprising by mass 0.8-3.5% of C, 0.1-2.5% of Si, 0.1-2.5% of Mn, 1.2-15% of Cr, 1-5% of Ni, and 1-10% of Mo+0.5×W, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, and an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy and integrally fused to the outer layer; the outer layer having Shore hardness of 67-82 at the initial diameter of the composite roll; and the maximum Shore hardness of the outer layer in a range 30 mm or more deep from the initial diameter being higher by 1 or more than the Shore hardness of the outer layer at the initial diameter.

Abstract: An engine valve forging system includes a molding forging die having a circular hole stem molding portion continued to a tip end of a head type molding portion, to mold an engine valve by extrusion-forging a material from the head type molding portion to the stem molding portion by an upper die, and a stem guide forging die which is coaxially disposed to communicate with a tip end of the stem molding portion, and has a guide portion for a stem portion of an engine valve extruded from the stem molding portion, and a plurality of stem curve restraining portions having a shape gradually tapering toward a central shaft line from a rear end portion to a tip end portion are formed continuously along the central shaft line of the guide portion in the guide portion, to be capable of manufacturing high-precision engine valves with less stem curve.

Abstract: A set of tooling for a progressive forming machine comprising die and tool units having internal complementary cavity portions for receiving a workpiece, one of said units being arranged to slide a limited distance along its axis and to be biased by a spring force towards the other unit when the units are mounted in the forming machine, the units each having an end face with a smooth surface finish adapted to press against the smooth surface finish of the end face of the other unit, the end face area of one of the units being relatively small compared to its major cross-sectional area whereby a high contact pressure between the end faces is obtained for a given spring bias force such that extrusion/cooling oil coating a workpiece received in the cavity portions is restrained from leakage from the cavity portions across said end faces during a hydrostatic trapped extrusion of the workpiece in the die and tool units whereby the die and tool units are capable of shaping the workpiece to a degree beyond limits of

Abstract: The system comprises pressing means provided with a power actuator (1) associated with a pusher (11) and an anvil (12), the one opposing to the other, for pressing empty capsules (C) and containers and their transformation into a disk (D) and means for die-cutting the disk (D), which comprise a punch (21) and a matrix (22) connected by guiding means. The punch (21) and the matrix (22) are placeable between the pusher (11) and the anvil (12) for die-cutting the disk (D), thus forming the figure (F). The forming method comprising the steps of: —crushing the empty capsule (C) or container to obtain a disc (D) and, —die-cutting the disk (D) into a figure (F).

Abstract: Generally, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to torque calibrating systems. A torque calibrating system includes a torque arm having a first end and a second end, a stem positioned proximate the first end of the torque arm, the stem adapted to be removably and operatively coupled to a power tong, and a load cell adapted to be positioned proximate the second end of the torque arm.

Abstract: In a mechanical test system, a method of compensating for acceleration induced load error in a load sensor in a mechanical communication with a component comprises measuring an acceleration of the component to obtain an acceleration measurement. A load sensor measures a force applied by the mechanical test system to a test sample in substantially a same direction of the acceleration to obtain a force measurement. The force measurement is modified with a transfer function that includes at least one of a gain correction and a phase correction to compensate for an error value in the force measurement attributed to movement of at least the load sensor when the force is applied to the test sample.

Abstract: This invention concerns a gauge artefact including a base for mounting on a table of a coordinate positioning machine and a platform including at least two portions having a nominally identical geometric property. The platform is locatable relative to the base in at least two positions such that each of the at least two portions having the nominally identical geometric property can be presented at a common location relative to the base. The platform may be arranged such that the positions of the portions having a nominally identical geometric property can be interchanged by movement of the platform between at least two distinct positions. The positions may be interchanged through rotation of the platform. The invention also concerns a method of checking a coordinate measuring machine.

Abstract: In an apparatus for determining the level of dynamic force required to cause damage to an electronic device, the electronic device may be placed beneath a ram assembly of a dynamic impact testing device. The dynamic impact testing device has a selection of a plurality of different types of tip members, which may be retained by an attachment portion of the ram assembly. The ram assembly is reciprocally movable relative to a base portion with a target area. The ram assembly being positioned relative to said base portion so that said tip portion can impact said target area when the tip member is mounted to said attachment portion.

Abstract: Please replace the abstract on file with the abstract as shown on the attached replacement sheet.

Abstract: A particulate matter (PM) sensor unit may include an exhaust line where exhaust gas passes, and a PM sensor that may be disposed at one side of the exhaust line and that generates a signal when particulate matter included in the exhaust gas passes the vicinity thereof, wherein the PM sensor may be an electrostatic induction type that generates an induction charge while the particulate matter having an electric charge passes the vicinity thereof

Abstract: A method for determining physical properties of combustion including: flowing a gas a critical nozzle and past a microthermal sensor wherein the mass flow of the gas through the critical nozzle is the same as the mass flow through the microthermal sensor; measuring the pressure drop in a reservoir of gas flowing to the nozzle; determining a first gas property factor based on the measured pressure drop; determining a second gas property factor based on a flow signal generated by the microthermal sensor; determining a thermal conductivity of the gas using the microthermal sensor; and determining a physical property of the combustion based on a correlation of the first and/or second gas property factors and the thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting hazardous substances on a surface of an object are provided. The apparatus for detecting hazardous substances on a surface of an object comprises: a conveyer belt (1) for conveying an object, a capture device (6) provided to match the conveyer belt (1), wherein the capture device (6) may automatically capture a substance adsorbed on the surface of the object when the object is being conveyed by the conveyer belt (1), and a detection module (3) for automatically detecting the substance captured by the capture device (6). The present invention also provides a method for detecting a substance adsorbed on the surface of an object by utilizing the detection apparatus and a method for detecting whether the detected substance is hazardous or not. The detection technique of the present invention enables quick detection for poisons, explosives, and other substance particles attached on the surfaces of cargos and mails.

Abstract: A headspace sampler includes: a sample gas collection channel whose one end communicates with a needle; a pressure gas introduction channel and an exhaust channel that communicate with the other end of the channel in parallel via a branching pipe; a pressure control device that delivers pressure gas to the pressure gas introduction channel at a predetermined pressure; solenoid valves provided in the pressure gas introduction channel and the exhaust channel, respectively; and switching means for switching a state where a measuring pipe is inserted in the sample gas collection channel and a state where the measuring pipe is shorted away from the channel, wherein a pressure sensor is provided on an upstream side of the solenoid valve in the exhaust channel.

Abstract: The pipeline leak detector is a mobile device having one or more pressure sensor arrays for travel within a fluid pipeline for leak detection in the pipe wall. The sensor array(s) is positioned close to the internal surface of the pipe wall, and rotates circumferentially about the surface of the pipe wall as the device travels through the pipe. The sensor array(s) thus describes a helical path along the pipe wall, covering the entire internal surface of the pipe wall with a minimal number of sensors. The device is supported by three wheels bearing against the internal surface of the pipe wall. A drive wheel provides motive power for the device. A driven wheel rotates as it travels along the pipe wall and communicates rotationally with the sensor array(s) to drive its rotation. The third wheel is an idler to stabilize the axial orientation of the device within the pipe.

Abstract: The pipeline leak detector is a mobile device having a pressure sensor array for travel within a fluid pipeline for leak detection in the pipe wall. The sensor array is positioned close to the internal surface of the pipe wall and rotates circumferentially about the surface of the pipe wall as the device travels through the pipe, thus describing a helical path along the pipe wall to cover the entire internal surface of the pipe wall with a minimal number of sensors. The sensors comprise tubes with conical mouths, and flexible members and strain gauges within the tubes. Pressure changes due to leaks cause the flexible members to move, with the strain gauges sending signals to a central processor to indicate a leak. The device is supported by a drive wheel, a driven wheel, and an idler wheel bearing against the internal surface of the pipe and evenly circumferentially spaced.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a permanent sealing assembly for a container, such as a reagent bottle. The permanent sealing assembly allows for drip-less reagent container exchange for liquid analysis instruments. The permanent sealing assembly may be integrated into a container, such as a reagent bottle, and provides an outflow tube that extends into the container. The permanent sealing assembly and the outflow tube thereof remain in the container such that, on an exchange of regent containers, a removable cap assembly of the liquid analysis instrument may be affixed to a new container of reagent without the risk of reagent from the old container contacting the surroundings. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for measuring a the viscosity of a fluid in a microchannel including steps of introducing a fluid containing particles to the microchannel, causing the fluid to flow through the microchannel by a applying a pressure drop, measuring a transit time of one or more particles through the microchannel, determining the flow rate from the particle transit times and the known volume of the microchannel, and determining the viscosity of the fluid from the flow rate and pressure drop.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to systems and methods that can be used to analyze species in a fluid stream. In some configurations, a sorbent tube effective to directly sample aromatics and/or polyaromatics in a fluid stream is described.

Abstract: A sample injector for liquid chromatography includes an injection valve having a waste port, two sample loop ports, and two high-pressure ports. One high-pressure port can be connected to a pump and the other high-pressure port can be connected to a chromatography column. A sample loop is connected to one of the sample loop ports on one end and to a pump volume of a sample conveying device on the other end. A section of the sample loop can be separated to facilitate receiving a sample fluid in the sample loop. A control unit controls the injection valve and the sample conveying device. The sample injector allows a sample to be loaded into the sample loop and then pressurized to an operating pressure prior to injecting the sample into the chromatography column. The sample loop may also be isolated from the operating pressure for facilitating depressurization of the loop.

Abstract: A system (e.g., a chromatography system) includes a rotor, a microfluidic device, a rotor driver, a clamping mechanism, and control electronics. The rotor defines a plurality of first fluid-conveying features. The micro fluidic device defines one or more channels and a plurality of second fluid-conveying features, in fluid communication with the one or more channels. The rotor driver is coupled to the rotor and is configured to rotate the rotor, relative to the microfluidic device, between a first position and a second position such that, in each of the positions, at least one of the first fluid-conveying features cooperates with at least one of the one or more channels to provide for fluid communication therebetween. The clamping mechanism is operable to provide a sealing force to establish a fluid-tight seal between the rotor and the microfluidic device.

Abstract: An instrument that directly measures a flow rate and air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas, and from the flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, calculates fuel consumption measures the fuel consumption at high response speed and with high accuracy. The instrument is provided with: an ultrasonic flowmeter 2 that measures a flow rate QEX of exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust gas flow path R; and an arithmetic unit 4 that calculates fuel consumption Fe of an engine with use of the exhaust gas flow rate QEX obtained by the ultrasonic flowmeter 2 and an air-fuel ratio AFR obtained by an air-fuel ratio sensor 3 that measures the air-fuel ratio AFR of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas flow path R.

Abstract: A torque sensor system is provided, which comprises a frame supporting a first shaft and a second shaft. The first shaft comprises a first connector that is connected to second connector comprised by the second shaft so that a torque is transmittable via the first and second connectors from the first shaft to the second shaft. The first connector and second connector are formed such that transmitting a torque induces a reaction force to the frame. The frame is provided with at least one load sensor that is adapted to measure the reaction force, such that an output of the load sensor represents the transmitted torque.

Abstract: A system for measuring the volume of a tank, including an optical device that emits a laser beam adjacent to a surface of the tank, and a magnetic trolley selectively moveable along the surface of the tank and configured to be remotely controlled by an operator. The magnetic trolley has a linear position sensor in communication with the laser beam to determine the position of the magnetic trolley relative to the laser beam as the magnetic trolley moves on the surface of the tank. A data processor communicates with the linear position sensor to calculate the volume of the tank based at least partially on the position data collected by the linear position sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a chassis configured to move back and forth along multiple rails. The apparatus also includes electrical contacts configured to form electrical connections to the rails. The apparatus further includes a power converter/conditioner configured to receive power from the rails via the electrical contacts and to convert the power into a different form and/or condition the power. In addition, the apparatus includes one or more sensors configured to measure at least one characteristic of a material, where the one or more sensors are configured to operate using the power from the power converter/conditioner. The electrical contacts could touch the rails and receive the power directly from the rails. The electrical contacts could also touch rail contacts and receive the power indirectly from the rails via the rail contacts.

Abstract: A filling level transmitter for measuring a filing level of a liquid includes: a filling level sensor having: an ultrasonic transceiver configured to emit ultrasound, and sensor electronics; a sound-conducting tube having two reflectors spaced apart from one another, the first reflector being configured to deflect ultrasound emitted by the transceiver in the direction of the second reflector, and the second reflector being configured to deflect the emitted ultrasound in the direction of the surface of the liquid. A third reflector is arranged in the second reflector such that emitted ultrasound impacting the third reflector is reflected in the direction of the first reflector.